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The meaning of the word cymbala

cymbals in the Crosswordist Dictionary

Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian, Dal Vladimir

tsimbala

g. MN. Musical instrument: on metal strings beat hooks; Rod of small hussing.

Star. Kimvala, the genus of copper plates. With zimbals (with trumpets) Wedding, and without cymbal (without pipes) Wedding!

Rod rumble for cleaning grain bread. Not to the hands of cymbals got. Cymbal strings. Cimbalist, Cymbalist who plays them. Polish Jews Yes, even Volosk Gypsies The best cymbalists. Jump, play on zimbalah;

vyat. Shower, sewer.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

tsimbala

cymbal, units No (from Greek. Kymbalon - Kimval). A musical instrument in the form of a flat drawer with metal strings, by to-ry, playing, hit with hammers.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. IGOV, N.Yu.Shvedova.

tsimbala

Al. The musical instrument in the form of a drawer with strings, to-ryy hit with wooden hammers.

arr. Pimbal ,y ,y.

A new intelligent-word-formational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

tsimbala

mN. String musical instrument in the form of a flat drawer with metal strings, along which, playing, hit with hammers.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

tsimbala

Cymbali (Polish. Cymbaly) Multi-line impact musical instrument of ancient origin. Participated in the People's Orchestras of Hungary, Poland, Romania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.

Tsimbala

(Polish. Cymbały, from Greek. Kýmbalon ≈ Kimval), string drum musical instrument. Consists of a flat wooden housing of a trapezoidal shape with strained strings stretched over the top deck. The sound is removed by blows of 2 wooden sticks or beasts of 2-5-humid metal strings. Range of large ≈ third octaves. C. ≈ Ancient tool (images are available on the ancient mass-mass monuments); In Western Europe is known from the 18th century, he received the greatest distribution in Hungary, Slovakia. Related C. Moldavian Tsambal, Armenian Santur, Georgian Santuuri, Uzbek Chang. Improved at the end of the 19th century. (Hungarian Master V. Schunda) Chromatic C. Forced Family (Prima, Alt, Bass, Double Bass); Particularly included in the orchestras of folk instruments. In Russia, 17th century C. Clausius called.

Lit.: Modr A., \u200b\u200bMusical Instruments, M., 1959, p. 80≈82.

Wikipedia

Tsimbala

Tsimbala - String shock musical instrument, which is a trapezoidal deck with stretched strings. The sound is extracted by the blows of two wooden sticks or beasts with expanding blades at the ends.

Distributed in Eastern European countries, such as Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia. A similar tool is found in China, India and other Asian countries.

The first to the Opera Orchestra of Cimbaly was introduced Ferenz Erkel - in the opera "Bank Bank". Also, this tool used Ferenz Leutar - in the operetta "Gypsy Love", cymbals accompanied the violin solo.

Examples of the use of the words of cymbals in the literature.

Almost immediately fell horns, battered tsimbala, and already, breaking through the ranks of the advanced regiment, and bypass, they rushed on them the first Horde riders.

At first, you pierced me with your lousy arrow, then broke tsimbala, And now ask something else?

First drum and then tsimbala They began to beat rhythm, and all the dancers began to squat in tact.

Almost not at any time, in the parking lot or when moving, around the vans flew the melody of violin and flutes, tsimbala, citra and drums - then playing out each other, then playing themselves.

Sounded drum fraction, sang fanfares, rangs tsimbalashrilled flutes screamed.

What is cymbals? This is a string drum musical instrument. He has a flat trapezoid body with stretched strings. Through strings should be knocked out with wooden sticks to extract the sound. This is only a brief description of Cymbal. The history of development and application is very interesting. The further characteristic of this musical instrument will help in more detail in the meaning of the word "cymbals".

Varieties

Cymbals are divided into two varieties: folk and concert-academic. In the process of its existence, this musical instrument changed and improved.

In the article R. V. Regionnaya "On the interdependence of the development of musical instruments and performing-style" form, dimensions and details of the design of the cymbal of folklore and improved ("Prima").

Both of these tools are the form of the right equally trapezium. In size, folk cymbals can vary.

The folklore cymbal has three, and sometimes two stands: on the right side - bass; On the left side - voice. They share the strings to quint and quarts. As a result, a source appears, which consists of three registers. From above, next to the main supports, there is a small additional, which is designed for one row of strings. Professional cymbals have six supports: two basic and four additional (lower and three top), which shake strings to intervals (seconds, prison and quint).

Tools differ in each other by the number of strings rows, the number of strings in one row, their length and cross section. Folk cymbals have most often the source in the amount of 2-2.5 octave. The basis is the diatonics with chromatism of some steps. The academic tool has a more advanced and chromatized sound.

Peculiar features

What is cymbals in folk and professional execution?

Professional cymbals performers set themselves to the floor, and folk - hold on their knees. Sound meal is carried out with the help of sticks - special hammers, which are called "hooks" in folk practice.

And professional, and folk artists hold hammers between the fingers (index and middle), the remaining fingers are collected in a fist. The hammers of the people's performers are not silent, the musicians play a metal tree. Professional music is more demanding on execution. It is necessary to dynamic and timbral variety of sounds. Therefore, academic cymbalists of the hammer are covered with suede, while a little cotton is used. The lifting of the hammers is the determining moment in sound recovery. If it is too tough - the sound turns sharp and unpleasant. On the contrary, if it is too soft - the sound is unclear, deaf.

What is cymbals in folk tradition

Folk cymbals are distinguished by the following characteristic features:

• open strings are not harming;
• the right and left hand have rigorous functionality: the right is performed by the melody, the left - accompaniment;
• hammers are not trimmed;
• when playing, cymbals are put on their knees, or hold on a special suspension.

Need to improve the instrument

The design and artistic function of folk cymbal, which were used in rural areas, did not change. Improving professional cymbal depended on the social environment. In the urban environment, the admission of performers for professional academic arts, as well as the requirements for professional execution, led to the need to reconstruct this musical instrument. Subsequently, this affected the performance level.

Reconstruction of the instrument

Cymbals are a musical instrument that has repeatedly modified for the purpose of improvement.

The reconstruction of the Tsimbal of the People's Tradition in the 1920s was engaged in D. Zhar and K. Sushkevich. They brought the sound of this tool in line with the requirements of academic execution.

In the process of reconstruction, the cymbals have undergone the following changes:

• the range expanded to three octave;
• the internal instrument device has changed, acoustic characteristics have improved, the timbre has become more saturated;
• the shape and device of the hammers have changed, including the opportunity to use the welding of sounding strings, which made the execution more expressive;
• the entire range of the tool was completely chromatized in a progressive movement, which facilitated the technical side of the execution;
• a whole family of Tsimbal was created: Prima, Alt-tenor, bass and double bass.

Definition of cymbal as tools of modernity

The cymbals after the reconstruction began to be widely used both on the concert scene and in educational and pedagogical practice. As a result, the performing and pedagogical skill of musicians playing on this tool became actively developed and began to develop. Composers have created an interesting repertoire for cymbalists of various levels of preparation.

What is the cymbals used in modern practice? In the mid-1960s, there was a need to reconstruct the tool, with the aim of limiting the body of the Contractor. The manner of the game at which the musician kept cymbals on his knees limited his technical capabilities. As a result, the tool began to install three legs, which are screwed into its housing. It became possible to fully use all registers of the musical instrument, which contributed to the development of the performing equipment of the cymbalists.

In order to make aware of what cymbals are needed, first of all, to keep in mind that we are talking about the string, strings stretched on a flat trapezoid body, but the sound of them is removed by the blows of wooden sticks. This tool is popular mainly in its own, similar to the design of relatives, has in India, China and other Asian countries.

Folk and academic, in what the difference

Tsimbals are divided into two groups - folk (or folk) and concert-academic. What is cymbals belonging to the group "folk", easy to understand their appearance. They are distinguished, first of all, the size of the case, although these indicators are often varying depending on the purposes that manufacturer poses. In addition, there are two coasters in folk cymbals - bass and voice, while there are six of them in concerts.

Stands of folk cymbal are arranged in such a way that the bass is located on the right, and the left is voice. They share strings for quarts and quints. For the voice stand, the location of the right "middle votes" is characterized, and on the left - "high". This creates a number that has three registers. In the design of professional cymbal there are two main and four auxiliary stands. With their help, the string is divided into quints, the defects and seconds. Also differ between both types of cymbal and the number of strings.

The position of the cymbal of various types during the game on them

The difference exists in the fact that during the game, performers hold them on their knees, and professional cymbals are put on the floor. Wooden sticks for extracting sound in both traditions are held between average and but they differ in their sizes. In addition, professionals are squeezing suede sticks, which allows you to achieve a wider spectrum of sound shades. Executors on folklore cymbals are not accepted.

Change tool design

Tsimbala is a musical instrument that has passed the complex path of constructive development. It was largely determined if the national version of the tool, common in the villages for a long time, did not change, then its urban fellow has undergone significant changes in order to adopt performers for professional, academic art. His design was constantly improved. Since Ferenc Erkel and Ferenz Legar have introduced this tool to the opera orchestra, he became a permanent participant in many professional teams. And if it is even relatively recently to the question of what is cymbals, only a few lovers of ethnic music could answer, now all visitors to concert halls are familiar with it.

Trembita

Trembit is a wooden pipe up to 4 meters long. Does not have valves and valves.

To make Trembit, it takes 3-4 years. Previously, it was made exclusively from the trunks of trees, which previously hit the lightning, which gives Trembitis a unique sound. Carpathian Trembit are made from ate (dead man) and halves of the tool are fastening without glue with dense rings from spruce branches. In the narrow end of the Trembit, the horny Dulce is inserted - the peeper. The melody is performed most often in the middle and upper case.

Used to report on various events (approximation of the quarrellies, wedding, death, funeral) corresponding to the call or sad melody, as well as for the execution of shepherd melodies. Her sound is ran out 15-20 km.

If you believe the Guinness Book of Records, then Trembita is the longest brave instrument in the world.

Sometimes Trembit includes orchestras.

Tsimbala

Zimbal is a string musical instrument, on the strings of which beaten with hammers with covered skin heads.

The box in which metal transverse strings are stretched (usually 34) has forms of a truncated cone.

Building strings chromatic. The volume in large cymbals of three octaves: from Mi in a large octave to mi in the third octave.

At the same time, you can hit with hammers only for two strings. For the duration of sound, tremolo make with hammers.

Parts for cymbals are written, as for piano, on two lines in the keys of salt and the fa. Advanced cymbals have a pedal.

Flagole is the reception of sound recovery, which most actively began to be applied on the zimbalah in recent years. To extract it, it is necessary to easily touch the string at the place of its division into certain parts, and the other hand to produce a "blow" with a stick or tweezing, simultaneously with the "blow" finger to quickly remove from the string. "Flagolets" on the cymbals can be removed octave (sounds the octave above), two-octaves (sounds two octaves above), the quint (the quint sounds through the octave), the quint (sounds the quint through the octave) and the terbs (there is a circuit through the octave).

Execution with Surdine - "CON SURDINO" - extraction of dry muted sound. For the execution of "Surdines", the performer presses the necessary string in the place of her touch with a stand, and the other hand drives the strings in a normal place. With the help of a minor finger displacement in the one or the other side, the cymbalists can achieve different sound quality - deaf, dim and brighter.

One of the frequently used intake techniques used in the people's performance is arpeggio - execution of chord sounds, harmony one after another, consistently, both in the order of increasing and decreasing height. A frequent change of chords involves the dexterity of the hand of the performer for their joy, so that some sounds are not imposed on others.

A vibrant expressive means when playing a zimbalah is Glissando (sliding) - it is a sliding transition from sound to sound, which is carried out by sliding a finger, nail or sticks on the strings of chromatic order.

Less frequently in the cymbal performance is used by Vibrato. To perform this reception, you need a string to lower a little, and then on the other hand the stand is hand to press on the string so that it vibrate. From the frequency of pressing Vibrato may be rare and frequent.

g. MN. Musical instrument: on metal strings beat hooks; Rod of small hussing. | Star. Kimvala, the genus of copper plates. With zimbals (with trumpets) Wedding, and without cymbal (without pipes) Wedding! | Rod rumble for cleaning grain bread. Not to the hands of cymbals got. Cymbal strings. Cimbalist, Cymbalist who plays them. Polish Jews Yes, even Volosk Gypsies The best cymbalists. Jump, play on zimbalah; | Vyat. Shower, sewer.

Watch value Tsimbala in other dictionaries

Tsimbala - Tsimbal, units. No (from Greek. Kymbalon - Kimval). A musical instrument in the form of a flat drawer with metal strings, by to-ry, playing, hit with hammers.
Explanatory Dictionary Ushakov

Cymbals MN. - 1. String musical instrument in the form of a flat drawer with metal strings, on which, playing, hit with hammers.
Explanatory dictionary Efremova

Tsimbala - -Bal; MN. Folk musical instrument in the form of a flat wooden housing of a trapezoidal shape with metal strings, which are hit by two wooden ........
Explanatory dictionary of Kuznetsov

Tsimbala - (Polish. Cymbaly) - Multi-line impact musical instrumental origin. Participated in the People's Orchestras of Hungary, Poland, Romania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.
Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Tsimbala - In Belarus and in Ukraine, in Poland and Slovakia, this tool, whose ancestor came to Eastern Europe from ........, in Hungary and Romania
Music dictionary

Tsimbala - - Multi-line impact musical instrument of ancient origin. Participated in the People's Orchestras of Hungary, Poland, Romania, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine.
Historical Dictionary

Tsimbala - (Polish. Cymbaly, from Lat. Cymbalum, Greek. Kumbalon - Kimval) - Strings. Shock and tweezing music. tool. It has a flat wooden resonance housing of a trapezoidal form, 2-5-humid ........
Music encyclopedia

Tsimbala - symbolize two hemispheres of the Earth, the movement of elements. Used in orgies along with the drum and tambourine, especially in the rituals of Dionysus (Vakha), in Cults Kibeli ........
Dictionary of symbols