What is special in the picture black square. Reveal the mystery of Malevich's paintings "Black Square
Black Suprematic Square is kept in the State Tretyakov Gallery. This canvas is a peculiar manifesto of Suprematism - an artistic direction created by one of the most famous Russian artists in Casimir Malevich.
about the author
Malevich Kazimir Severinovich was born in Kiev in 1879, but died in Leningrad in 1935. The flow of suprematism created by them became one of the first directions in the abstract art of the newest time. Already at the eleventh age, the future artist became interested in drawing, and for several years he studied in a drawing school. His early work is very close to impressionism and foxism. Having moved to the capital, Malevich has been engaged in a short time in the Moscow School of Painting, Scary and Architecture.
Already in 1907, he took part in the exhibition of the Moscow Association of Artists. It is this exposition that has become the first major event for the future of the creator of the Black Square.
During the trip to Paris, the master admired the cubic works of the famous Pablo Picasso. He then became a member of the Diamond Knife group, thereby leading the Russian course of cubism. However, in 1913, the first works of the artist appear, made in a very specific abstract-geometric style, which was called the Suprematism. Malevich's square glorified the artist, and the master himself called him his best creation.
What is Suprematism?
Translated from the Latin language, this name means "highest." The artist's creativity was always striving for the highest manifestation, the master did not imagine himself in the role of an exemplary follower, he thought herself a bright revolutionary from art.
Such a direction as Suprematism has become one of the varieties of abstractionism. Actually, the main characteristics of the flow are the simplest geometric outlines: squares, circles, rectangles and straight lines. Combinations of different figures plus an abundance of all sorts of colors and allow the supporters of the Suprematism to create incredibly bright and such ambiguous works. It is worth noting that this direction in the USSR was used not only in painting, but also in design and architecture.
About the famous canvas
Black square is a kind of symbol of an updated understanding of the meaning of creativity in the XX century. Malevich wanted to create works that would be no repetitions of the ideas and images, but an original creative discovery. The master would seek his picture of the entire history of art for the past century.
The canvas, which is located in the Tretyakovka, was created in 1915. For the first time, it was submitted to the public in the same year at the famous exhibition "0, 10". The pattern size is 79.5 x 79.5 centimeters. The oil served as an excellent tool for writing work, surprisingly simplicity and versatility of hidden meanings at the same time. The picture is already almost a century for many disputes and discussions. According to the master, this creation is part of triptych, which also includes the "black circle" and "Black Cross". This triptych was called up to demonstrate how the basic capabilities of the color and composition could be used.
Malevich's picture represents the basis of the color itself - white and black, as well as the basis of the form - the square. Black tones cause associations with a complete absence of color, and white, in turn, are a kind of merge of all spectrum colors.
It should be noted that art historians agree that this canvas is not possible to evaluate from the standpoint of standard approaches to painting. It is impossible to be called a beautiful or ugly, it does not cause persistent associations or do not like it. Here is an idea whose value is in novelty.
The amazing and surprising work appeared under the influence of the unconscious, as Malevich himself was repeatedly noted.
You can see this ambiguous canvas in the building on the Crimean Shaft, 10, in the sixth hall. The Tretyakov Gallery acquired the work in 1929 from the Museum of Picturesque Culture. The picture can be seen in the photo in numerous artistic albums issued around the world.
Kazimir Severinovich Malevich was born in 1878 in the Sakharovar family and housewives in Kiev. He had Polish roots, they spoke Polish in the family, but Malevich considered himself a Ukrainian. Childhood, the artist spent in the Ukrainian outback, and, as he wrote himself, the folk culture influenced all his work. He watched the villagers painted the furnaces, dishes, embroidered geometric patterns on the shirts.
In the future, the artist has described children's memories many times in his work, which in the future influenced the choice of profession. Father took a little cazimir with him to Kiev. Looking at shop windows, he saw the canvas, on which the girl cleaned the potatoes. Malevich was shocked as the skin was realistically depicted. Or, seeing the malarker, painting the roof in green, was amazed how she gradually becomes the same color as the trees.
At 15, Mom gave him paints, and already at 16 he painted his first picture: a landscape with a boat, river and the moon. An artist's friend took a canvas in the store, where it bought it for 5 rubles - the average salary of the worker in 2 days. The further fate of the picture is unknown.
Then, in the life of Malevich, there were many interesting events: the work of the draftsman, the failure of the entrance exams to the Art Academy, exhibitions, teaching at the university, disfavor of Soviet power - but it will now go about his main works.
Cow and Violin, 1913
Probably, it was from this picture Malevich declared war to traditional art. She was written in 1913 in Moscow, when the artist catastrophically lacked money. Therefore, he disassembled the cabinet and wrote 3 pictures on the shelves. They even had holes for fastening on the side. Hence such an unusual canvas size.
Malevich came up with "Alogure" - a new style of painting, opposing itself by logic. Its essence was combined. The artist challenged academic art, all philistine logic. Art has always been created according to certain rules: there is a clear structure in music, poetry has been sharpened for traditional rhythms of the type of Yamba and Khorora, in painting paintings wrote as masters.
In the painting "Cow and Violin" Kazimir Malevich put together things from two opposite shores. Violin as a subject of classical art, besides, one of the favorite images of the image of Picasso, and the cow, which the artist sisted from the sign of meat shop. On the turnover, he wrote "an alogic comparison of two forms -" cow and violin "- as the moment of combating logism, naturalness, blessing meaning and prejudice." In the same place, he set the date "1911" so that no one had doubts about the one who first came up with alogure.
Subsequently, the artist developed this direction, for example, in his work "Composition with Joconda". Here he portrayed the famous work of Leonardo da Vinci, crossed it and pasted on top of the sale of the apartment. His performance is famous on Kuznetsky Bridge, the place of collecting the current golden youth: he passed on him with a wooden spoon in the jacket loop, which became a mandatory attribute in the clothes of many avant-gardeists of that time.
Casimir Malevich became the founder of the alogombma, but developed him for a long time. Already in 1915, he came to his famous black square and suprematism.
"Black Suprematic Square", 1915 In this picture, everything is mysterious - from origin to interpretation. Black Square Malevich is actually not at all square: none of the parties are parallel to each other or frame frame, it is just a rectangle that the square resembles the square. For his work, the artist used a special solution from the paints, in which there was not a single black, so the name of the picture does not quite correspond to reality.
She was written in 1915 for the exhibition, but Malevich himself put the date "1913" on the turn. Perhaps this is due to the fact that in 1913 the opera "Victory over the Sun" was put in which the artist drew the scenery. This was not adopted by the average statement, consisting of inseparal speech, avant-garde costumes and strange scenery. There for the first time appeared black square as a background closing the sun.
So what is the meaning of this picture, what did the artist tell us? The complexity of the unambiguous interpretation was originally laid by the author to work. Initially, many artists sought to portray as accurate as possible and similar to the drawing object. Ancient man tried to show her hunt in his rock painting. Later there was a symbolism when, in addition to the image of reality, the painters invested some sense to their work. By placing various objects in your pictures, artists sought to show their feelings or thoughts. For example, the image of a white lily meant impurity, and a black dog in Christian culture denoted disbelief and paganism.
During the years of Malevich, the Cubism was very popular, where the artist does not try to realistically portray the form of the object, but shows its content using geometric shapes, lines. Casimir went even further: he destroyed the form itself, depicting the zero of all forms - the square.
He created a new direction - Suprematism. This, as he believed, the highest manifestation of painting. The black square became the first letter of the alphabet, with which his masterpieces were created. The artist called Suprematism by a new religion, and the square is his icon. No wonder at the exhibition, the picture hung at the top in the corner, where the icons hung with the Orthodox icons, the so-called red corner.
In addition to the black square at the exhibition, the "Black Circle" and "Black Cross" were presented. And if the "black square" was the first letter of the alphabet of new art, then the circle and the cross - the second and third. All three paintings were triptych, one whole, bricks, with the help of which paintings of the Suprematism will be built.
It is known at least 4 versions of the Black Square, which Malevich drew later for various exhibitions. The first and third version are located in the Tretyakov Gallery, the second - in the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg. About the fourth black square became known only in 1993, when the lender brought a picture as a collateral to the bank. He never took the picture, and after the breaking of the bank, the Russian billionaire Vladimir Potanin bought it for a symbolic million dollars and handed over to Hermitage.
In 2015, the staff members of the Tretyakov Gallery under the first black square found complex geometric lines and patterns. Experts argue that under the square there are pictures, and not one, and two. In addition, they also found the inscription: "Battle of blacks in a dark cave". This is a reference to the artists of the XIX century Paul Bilhod and Alfonsou Alla, who have already painted black rectangles and gave them similar names. So Malevich's paintings are still a lot of secrets.
"Suprematic composition", 1916. The main thing here is the blue rectangle located on top of the red beam. The slope of the Suprematic figures creates the effect of motion. This is the most expensive work of Russian art.
The most amazing in this picture is her story. Malevich exhibited her at the exhibition in Berlin in 1927, but he urgently had to leave. He left his work for storing the architect Hogo Gering, but the fate has developed so that Malevich's paintings no longer saw. When the Nazis came to power, all his works were to be destroyed as "degenerative art," the artist's friend took more than 100 of his paintings from the country. Later, the heirs of the architect sold them to the Dutch museum, which then for many years arranged the largest exhibitions of Malevich's paintings in Europe. Much later, the relatives of the artist tried with the museum for their inheritance and after 17 years, part of the paintings returned them to legal owners.
In 2008, this picture was sold for $ 65 million and began at that time the most expensive web among the paintings of Russian artists. In 2018, the "Suprematic Composition" updated its record and was sold at an auction for 85 million an anonymous buyer.
"White on White", 1918 Developing the topic of freeness, Malevich created a white square, or "white on white". If the Suprematism is above all other art, then the white square stands at the head of the Suprematism itself. What could be more changeless than white "nothing", and even on a white background? That's right, nothing.
There is a legend that the artist, drawing a picture, lost a square from the species and decided to outline his borders and more reject the background. In this form, work and reached the viewer.
White color from suprematics was a symbol of space. Malevich considered the whiteness of the peak of contemplation. In his opinion, a person is immersed in trance, dissolves in color. The artist himself was delighted with his work. He wrote that he destroyed the color barrier. After the end of the work on the picture Malevich was in a state of depression, because he could not create anything better.
For the first time, work was shown at the exhibition "Bottomless Creativity and Suprematism" in 1919 in Moscow. In 1927, she found himself at the exhibition in Berlin and has never appeared in his homeland. Now is located in the Museum of Contemporary Art in New York. The canvas is one of the few pictures available to the Western viewer. In Soviet Russia, the white square was firmly associated with a white movement. Perhaps that is why the picture is not so famous for us as in the West. In the US, the white square in popularity is comparable except with a black square in Russia.
"Rides Red Connie", 1928-1932 Soviet government did not greatly loved Suprematism, and all the work of the Russian avant-garde as a whole. The only recognized picture Malevich councils is considered "Red Connection". I think you don't need to talk much why. Even on the back, the inscription "Rides the Red Connection from the Oktyabrskaya capital to protect the Soviet border" was made. The artist put the date in the corner - "1918", although the picture was written explicitly later.
Here are clearly expressed 3 elements - the sky, riders and earth. But not everything is as simple as it seems at first glance, few critics treats the canvas as a tribute of the Red Army.
The horizon line passes exactly along the golden section - the standard of proportions: the earth relates to the sky as well as the sky to the whole. Such a separation of the picture in those times was very rare, might have affected the work of Malevich the draftsman even in young years. By the way, the golden cross section is present in a five-pointed star, whether it was a reference to Soviet power, you can only guess.
The picture often appear the numbers three, four and twelve. On the canvase there are three groups of riders for four people each that in total gives 12. Every rider is shared for another 4 person. Earth is divided into 12 parts. The versions of the interpretation are different, but, most likely, Malevich encrypted a reference to Christianity here: 12 apostles, 4 apocalypse rider, holy Trinity ... although it can be anything: 12 zodiac signs, 12 months, 3 heroes. Perhaps these numbers came out by the artist by chance, but, getting acquainted with the work of Malevich getting closer and closer, do not believe in such coincidences.
I love this question very much!
I will start as always from far away))
The answer to the question about the "Black Square" is somewhat deeper than it could seem.
First, it is necessary to plunge into the history of the arts, namely, on the line of 19 and 20th centuries. So, impressionists, they were the first to declare and began to portray the world around, not as academists did, and since they saw it: with the game of light and shadow, with a non-classic composition, with a completely different approach to the image of the world.
Impressionists served as a starting point for contemporary art. Further, the postminglysionists appeared, which continued to experiment, primarily with the color (for example, Fovists in the face of Henri Matisse) and then with the form of objects (eg, Pablo Picasso).
All these experiments simplified the depicted objects as much as possible (but, in no case, not in the bad sense of the word). It was all a kind of normal evolution of painting and art as a whole, it was quite logical that after many thousands of centuries, ranging from ancient art, disassembled the image to components, shape, color and line art will come to the basis of the foundation Black square.
We return to the history of the arts, the cubists - they disassemble the world into simple forms, the basis of their art is a set of simple foundations (sphere, cone, cylinder). These figures underlie any still life and nature as a whole. Cubism is a form study and its emotional filling. In the works of Henri Matisse, we see the beauty of color, shape and ornament. In his works, a large role paid for lines and rhythm.
In parallel with Cubism and Formism, futurists are followed. For the latter, the topic of time of time was characterized. Look at the work of Umberto Bocchoni, his works are reminded "The view from the window of the driven train". In 1905, the first exhibition of futurists took place, on which the manifesto was announced, they said - that they clear the way for a new time perception. They destroyed everything that was (in art), that would come new, future artists.
A little later (1915), but in almost parallel, constructivists begin to appear and develop. A bright representative of the constructivists was Rodchenko - he was fond of a clean form (it was especially at the peak, since the revolution ended in Russia, everything was permeated with a new, clean form, a new life).
But all the above, the listed artists are looking for themselves at the "base" of old arts. And now we come to the most interesting, at the same time a group of artists begins to form, which found a completely new way - this is Vasily Kandinsky and Kazimir Malevich. The first in his innovative idea was - Vasily Kandinsky, with its theory of abstract art, color and movement without plot and illustrations, harmony and dynamics due to color spots and lines. The emotion of the artist is directly broadcast by the viewer. Look at his work, and immediately understand everything.
By 1915, Kazimir Malevich creates the theory of new art. A little earlier, Vasily Kandinsky creates his theory of absolute art. The main idea is color and movement without plot and illustrations, the balance of harmony and the dynamics, its work is color spots and lines. Thus, the emotion of the artist is directly transmitted to the viewer, without some reason or distortion.
The idea of \u200b\u200bK. Malevich was something like Kandinsky, but still differed. K. Malevich and Suprematism is a very clear idea, art undergoes the stage of ripening, and comes out on the pure form of suprematism. Malevich called this way so "from Formism and Cubism to suprematism." The idea of \u200b\u200bSuprematism is a return to the beginning of art, to the sources of color and form, full care of the image (in this similarity with Kandinsky). According to the theory of Suprematism, there are 3 forms: a square, a circle and a cross, a triangle only within the composition. Clean colors: black, white, red, blue and yellow. The famous "Black Square" is the idea of \u200b\u200bthe concentration of suprematism.
Kazimir Malevich with the idea of \u200b\u200bSuprematism - in his theory, art passes the stage of ripening, leaving on the pure form of suprematism. Return to the beginning of art - source color and form. Harmony, proportions, rhythm in combination with simple colors, absolutely complete care from illustrated.
Black square is the concentration of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Supermatism. Black Color - Macro / Micro Cosmos, point of reference. The art of Malevich, perfectly "embedded" into a new Soviet life. This is already quite another art, it is very philosophical, the theory is written for his understanding and explanation. Therefore, consider a black square, without any context, and consider this image primitive, absolutely impossible. For his understanding, it is necessary to study all past epochs and then everything will become logical and understandable.
Kazimir Malelevich was an innovator, and for the beginning of the 20th century. His theses and art were incredible. Art can not be viewed from the position "and I can draw it that ..." Malevich with his manifesto was the first, and that is why he is an innovator. He has other works, where it can be seen that he is really an artist. A certain fracture began to occur at the turn of 20-21 V.V., it became the main thing not art with aesthetics, but the concept, and the artists began to call themselves even those who really didn't know how to draw .... but the time passed, and the artists were again in demand. Creative to create an amazing beauty of the canvas, and at the same time, the same artists can create something simple, write a concept and it will be brilliantly.
Kazimir Malevich presented his famous "Black Square" in 1915 at the exhibition wearing the name "0 10". Black Square is a manifesto, this is new art. Malevich brought all the art of past epochs to zero and went completely different. Suprematism is translated as the highest / overcoming - these adjectives can characterize Malevich's creativity. It is worth noting that Malevich deliberately hung his square at the exhibition in a red corner, in the Russian houses at this place always hung icon.
If you are at least a little interested in the world of painting or visual art, then you must have had to hear about the black square Malevich. Everyone as one is perplexed to be as far as modern art can be meditar, allegedly artists draw what they fell, while become popular and rich. This is not a completely faithful idea of \u200b\u200bart, I would like to develop this topic, and tell you the story and even the prehistory of the picture « .
Quotes Malevich Pro. « Black square »
If humanity drew the image of a deity in his image, then maybe the square black is the image of God as the creatures of its perfection
What did the artist mean when said these words? We will try to learn about it together, but we can immediately say that the meaning in this picture is clearly available.
It costs to take into account the fact that this picture loses all its value, if it is removed from it the story and that huge symbolism in interlacing with the manifesto, which it is charged. So let's start from the very beginning, who drew a black square?
Kazimir Severinovich Malevich
Malevich against his work
The artist was born in Kiev in the Polish family, learned to draw in Kiev drawing school at Academician Nikolai Pimenko. After some time, moves to Moscow to continue learning painting at a higher level. But even then, in young years, he tried to invest ideas and deep meaning in his paintings. In his early works, they mixed such styles as: cubism, futurism and expressionism.
The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a black square
Malevich experimented a lot, and reached the point that he began to interpret allogis (deny the logic and the usual sequence). That is, he did not deny the fact that in his works it is difficult to find the logic responses, but the lack of logic also has a law, thanks to which it may be absent meaningfully. If you know the principles of the work of an alogombism, as he also called "Zai Realism" - then, the work will be perceived in a completely new key and sense of the highest order. Suprematism is the view of the artist on the items from the outside, and the usual forms to which we are accustomed to no longer used at all. The basis of Suprematism includes three main forms - a circle, cross and the same, our favorite square.
Black square on site icons, in the corner. Exhibition 0.10.
The meaning of black square
What is black square, and that Malevich wanted to convey to the viewer? This picture, the artist in his humble opinion, opened a new measurement of painting. Where there are no familiar forms, there is no golden section, combinations of colors and other aspects of traditional painting. All rules and foundations of the art of those years were violated, one sucking, ideological, original artist. It was the black square that divided the final gap with academism and became an icon into place. Roughly speaking, this is something at the level of the matrix with its science fiction proposals. The artist tells us your idea that everything is not at all as we imagined. This picture is a symbol after the adoption of which everyone should learn a new language in visual arts. After writing this picture, the artist, according to him, was in the present shock, I could neither eat for a long time or sleep. According to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe exhibition, he was going to bring everything to zero, and then go even a little in the minus, and he succeeded. Zero in the title symbolizes the form, and ten is the absolute meaning and the number of participants who had to put their suprematic work.
That's the whole story
The story turned out to be short, in view of the fact that there are more questions about the black square than the answers themselves. Technically, the work is made simply and trite, and the idea of \u200b\u200bit is stacked in two suggestions. It makes no sense to call accurate dates or interesting facts - a lot of them are invented or very inaccurate. But there is one interesting detail, which is simply caught by the side. The artist dated 1913 all important events from life and their paintings. It was this year that he came up with Suprematism, so the physical and actual date of creation of a black square did not completely worry. But if you believe art historians and historians, then it was really painted in 1915.
Not the first "C.e-square »
Do not be surprised, Malevich was not a pioneer, the most original was the Englishman Robert Fladd, who in 1617 created the picture "Great Darkness".
After him, another number of different artists created their masterpieces:
- "View of La Hog (Night Effect)" 1843 year;
- "Twilight History of Russia" 1854 year.
Then two humorous sketches are created:
- "Negro night fight in the basement" 1882 year;
- "Battle of blacks in a cave deep at night" 1893 year.
And only 22 years later, a presentation of the picture took place at the exhibition of paintings "0.10" « Black Suprematic Square »! It was represented as part of the triptych, it was also included in it "Black Circle" and "Black Cross". As you can see, Malevich's square is absolutely understandable and everyday picture, if they look at it under the right angle. Once a funny case happened to me, once I wanted to order a copy of the picture, but at the same time the woman did not know the very essence and plan of a black square. After I told her, she was a little disappointed and changed his mind to make such a dubious purchase. After all, in terms of artistic, black square is just a dark figure on the canvas.
Cost of black square
Oddly enough, this is a very frequent and trivial question. The answer to it is very simple - the black square has no price, that is, he is invaluable. Back in 2002, one of the richest people of Russia pouched him for the Tretyakov Gallery, for the symbolic amount of one million dollars. At the moment, no one can get it in his private collection, no money. Black square is included in the list of those masterpieces that should only belong to museums and the public.
January 25th, 2014
Marek Raczkowski.
Of course, everyone knows everything, but I will probably, perhaps everything in one place. It is possible that you will discover something new in this topic.
In 1882 (33 years before the Black Square, Malevich) year at "Exposition Des Arts Incohérens" in Paris, the poet Paul Beauley presented the picture "Combat De Nègres Dans Un Tunnel" ("Battle of Blacks in Tunnel"). True, it was not a square, but a rectangle.
The French journalist, the writer and the eccentric humorist Alfonsist Alla's idea liked so much that he developed it in 1893, calling his black rectangle "Combat De Nègres Dans Une Cave, Pendant La Nuit" ("Battle of Blacks in the Cave of Deep At night"). The picture was first exhibited at the exhibition "Torn Art" in the Vivien Gallery.
It looked like this masterpiece as follows:
Further more. And the white, and the red square was also first depicted by Alla Alphuison. "White Square" was called "the first communion of ingenuous girls in the snow" (and was also made in 1883). Looking this masterpiece like this:
Six months, the next picture of Alfons Alla was perceived as a kind of "coloristic explosion". The rectangular landscape "Cleaning the yield of tomatoes on the shore of the Red Sea by apoplexic cardinals" was a bright red one-color picture without the slightest signs of the image (1894).
The paintings by Alla Alphonx were perceived as a clean water of a banter and shocking - actually only for this idea and bring us their names. Apparently, therefore we know so little about this artist.
Thus, in twenty years before the suprematic revelations of Kazimir Malevich, the artist Alfons Alla became the "unknown author" of the first abstract paintings. Almons Alla also became famous for almost seventy years, it was unexpectedly anticipated by the well-known minimalistic music play "4'33" "John Cage, which represents four and a half" minutes of silence. " Perhaps the only difference between Alfons Alla from his followers was that he, exposing his stunning innovative works, did not try to look at the meaningful philosopher or a serious discoverer.
Who is he? Alfons Alla (October 20, 1854, Onfleur (Calvados Department) - October 28, 1905, Paris) - French journalist, an eccentric writer and a black humorist, known for its acute language and gloomy absurdist transfers, on a quarter of a century anticipating famous shots of Dadaistov and Surrealists 1910- X and 1920s.
Alfons Alla almost all his life was an eccentric writer, an eccentric artist and an eccentric person. It was eccentric not only in his aphorisms, fairy tales, verses or paintings, but also in everyday behavior.
Hasually finished learning and receiving a bachelor's title for seventeen years, Alfons Alla (as an assistant or an expert) entered the pharmacy of his own father.
Alphonse's father with great pride outlined a great chemist or pharmacist career for him. The future will show: Alfons Alla with glitter justified the hopes of his pharmacy father. It became more than a chemist and deeper than the pharmacist. However, even the very beginning of its activities in the family pharmacy has already been very promising. As debut, Alfons spent several bold experiments on the effects of high-quality placebo patients with its original formulation, the original fake drugs synthesized, and the "personally" put several extraordinarily interesting diagnoses. He will gladly tell about his first small pharmacy triumphs, in his fairy tale: "Height of Darwinism."
"... I found something for a lady, severely suffering from the stomach:
Lady: - I do not know what to me, first the food rises upstairs, and then goes down ...
Alfons: - I apologize, Madame, did you accidentally swallowed the elevator? "
(Alfons Alla, "Increased!")
Seeing the very first successes of her son in the field of pharmaceuticals, the Father gladly sent him from Ontoflera to Paris, where the rest of the life of Alfons Alle was passed.
Father sent him to be in a pharmacy of one of his loved one. More closely, a few years later, this pharmacy was a privileged Masonic Cabaret "Black Cat", where Alfons Alla continued to compose his recipes and heal the offenders. By this respected business, he was engaged practically until the end of his life. His friendship with Charlock Kro (the famous phonograph inventor) would have to return him to research, but this plans were not destined to come true again. The fundamental scientific works of Alfons Alla are a contribution to science, although today they are significantly less known than he himself. Alfons Alla managed to publish his serious studies on color photography, as well as extensive work on the synthesis of rubber (and stretching rubber). In addition, he received a patent for his own recipe for the preparation of lyophilized coffee.
At the age of 41, Alfons Alla married Margarita Alla, in 1895.
He died in one of the rooms of the hotel "Britain", where Alfons Alla spent a lot of free time. On the eve of the doctor stricully prescribed him for six months not to get up in bed, only then recovered was possible. Otherwise, death. "Funny people, these doctors! They seriously think that death is worse than six months in bed "! Hardly only the doctor disappeared behind the door, Alfons Alla quickly gathered and spent the evening in a restaurant, and to a friend who came back to the hotel, he told his last joke:
"Keep in mind, tomorrow I will already be a corpse! You will find that this is witty, but I will not laugh with you. Now you will stay laugh - without me. So tomorrow I will be dead! " In full compliance with his last cheerful joke, he died the next day, October 28, 1905.
Alfons Alla was buried at the Paris Cemetery of St. Uan. After 39 years, in April 1944, his grave was a steer from the face of the Earth and disappeared without the slightest remainder under the friendly bombs of the French liberation army of Charles de Gaulle. In 2005, the imaginary remains of Alfons Alla solemnly (with a big pomp) were postponed to the Montmartre hill.
After the Second World War in France, the political association of absolute apologists of Alfons Almons was organized in France (abbreviated "A.A.a.a.a.") (abbreviated "A.A.a.a.a.") This cohesive group of fanatically-minded people is a public body, in which Humor Alphonx comes above all other lovelies of life. Aaaaa, among other things, has its own legal address, bank account and headquarters in the "Little Museum of Alfons Alla" on the top street of Ontofler (Calvados, Normandy, Pharmacy).
Every Saturday is closer to the evening the Alphonse Museum is open to free visits to everyone. In the services of visitors Laboratory experiments "A la Alla", Chemical tastings "A la Alla", diagnoses "A la Alla", inexpensive (but very effective) gastric pills "Pur Alla" and even a direct conversation on an ancient phone "Hello , Alla. " All of these services can be obtained for some half an hour in the gloomy scenes of the onflore pharmacy, where Alfons Alla was born. This extremely close room was also announced by the smallest museum in the world, not excluding the world's smallest Museum of Alfons Alto in Paris, and the smallest Museum of Erik Sati's cabinet in the Ministry of Culture of France. These three most small museums in the world compete for the title, who are less. A permanent guide of Alle is a certain person, Jean-Yves Lorio, constantly having an official document confirming that he is illegal by the reincarnation of the great humorist Alfons Alla.
Alfons Alla broke with pharmacies and began to regularly publish a long time ago, it seemed to be in 1880-82. The first careless story of Alfons laid the beginning of his 25-year-old writing life. I did not tolerate about the order and directly declared "don't even hope, I am dishonest." He wrote in a cafe, workers, almost did not work above the books, and it looked like this: "Do not speak nonsense ... so that I sit, not taking off the ass, and Corpel over the book? - It's impossible to be funny! No, I'd rather, I'll still calm down! "
Basically, his literary creativity consists of stories and fairy tales, which he wrote on average two or three pieces per week. Having a "heavy duty" to keep a ridiculous column, and sometimes even a whole column in a magazine or newspaper, he also had a little afraid every other day "laugh for money." For his life, he changed seven newspapers, some had in turn, and three - at the same time.
Thus, first of all, alive eccentric, then a little journalist and editor, and only the last thing the writer, Alla worked forever in a hurry, wrote dozens of their "fairy tales", hundreds of stories and thousands of articles on the left knee, in need and most often at the table (or under the table) in the cafe. Therefore, much of his works was lost, the value was even more accurate, but most of all - it remained at the tip of the tongue - unwritten.
Alfons Alla never stopped on something one. He wanted to write everything at once, embrace everything, succeed in everything, but not specifically. Even purely literary genres is always confused, scattered and replaced one of the other. Under the guise of articles, he wrote stories, called fairy tales - he described his acquaintances, instead of poems wrote Kalambura, said "Basni" - but he meant the black humor, and even the scientific inventions in his hands were acquired by the cruel kind of satire on human science and human nature ...
In addition to classroom literature "under a table in a cafe," Alfons Alla had many more important duties in his life.
In particular, he was a member of the board of honorable hydropaths club, as well as one of the main participants adopted in the Governing Bodies of the Masonic Cabaret "Black Cat". It was there that, in the Gallery Vivien, during the exhibitions of "Torn Art", he first exhibited his famous monochrome paintings.
Perhaps the only difference between Alfons Alla from his followers was that he, exposing his stunning innovative works, did not try to look at the meaningful philosopher or a serious discoverer. That is, perhaps, led to the absence of professional recognition of his contribution to the history of art. His works in the field of painting Alfons Alla very accurately explained the old as the world of thesis: "It is not so important what you are doing is much more important - how you will serve it."
In 1897, he composed and "led the" mourning march for the funeral of the Great Deaf ", which, however, did not contain any notes. Only silence, as a sign of respect for death and understanding of the important principle that big grief is dumb. They do not suffer either fuss, no sounds. By itself, that the score of this march was an empty page of tank paper.
"Never postpone tomorrow what you can do the day after tomorrow."
"... With money, even poverty is moved easier, is it?"
"It is more difficult to survive - the end of the month, especially the last thirty days."
"While we are thinking, however better to kill time, time is making us a methodically."
"Get off - it's very little to die. But die - it's very much! "
"... as a man's widow told the three best doctors of Paris after the conservima:" But what could he do one, patient, against three - healthy? "
"... you need to be tolerant to a person, nevertheless, let's not forget about what a primitive era it was created."
(Alfons Alla, "Stuff")
And what about Malevich's square?
Kazimir Malevich wrote his "Black Square" in 1915. This is a cloth of 79.5 to 79.5 centimeters, which shows a black square on a white background, written by a thin tassel. According to the artist, he wrote it for several months.
Black Square 1915 Malevich,
Reference:
Kazimir Severinovich Malevich was born (11) on February 23, 1878 near Kiev. However, there are other information about the place and time of birth. Malevich's parents were Poles by origin. Father worked as a manager at the sugar factory of the famous Ukrainian industrialist Tereshchenko (according to other data, Malevich was the Belarusian ethnographer and folkloride). Mother was a housewife. Four Malevichi had fourteen children, but only nine of them lived to mature age. Casimir was the firstborn in the family.
To draw began to learn independently, after at the age of 15 years, the mother gave him a set of paints. At the age of 17, spent some time in the Kiev Art School. In 1896, the Malevich family settled in Kursk. There, Casimir worked as a small official, but quit the service for the sake of the artist's career. The first works of Malevich are written in the style of impressionism. Later, the artist became one of the active participants of futuristic exhibitions.
We are the life of K. Malevich seems incredibly saturated, complete contrasts, uplings and falls. But according to the master himself, she was not too long and rich in the events, as he dreamed. Long time Malevich dreamed of visiting Paris, but he could not do it. He visited the border only in Warsaw and Berlin. Malevich did not know foreign calls, as he had very sorry for all his life. He did not leaving the Zhytomyr. He failed to experience many aesthetic and everyday joys available to its more secured and educated colleagues.
"On the Boulevard", 1903
"Flower", 1903
"Grinder" 1912.
Malevich independently passed all the way from a modest self-taught to the world famous artist, he took part in two revolutions, composed futuristic poems, reformed the theater, played on the scandalous disputes, was fond of theosophy and astronomy, he taught, wrote the philosophical works, was sitting in prison, was the director of solid Institute and Unemployed ... Punin wrote that Malevich belonged to those people who were "charged with dynamite." Not every famous artists could polarize public opinion. Malevich was always surrounded by devotional friends and passionate rivals, he called the most rude broach, "his students are guarded as Napoleon Army." Even in our time you can meet people who have a sharply opposite attitude towards the heritage of Malevich, and to his personal human qualities.
All the meaning of Malevich's life was art. His characteristic explosive energy Malevich brought in his work. His evolution of the painter is really similar to a series of explosions and disasters. They were not particularly natural, the researchers said that it was "" test landfill, "on which the art of painting checked and honed his new opportunities." Therefore, it is possible to determine the directions in the history of the arts of the beginning of the XX century. Malevich was an outstanding artist who made his contribution to the development of the art of that time.
Malevich's "Square" was written in the exhibition held in a huge hall. According to one of the versions, the artist could not finish the work on the picture at the right time, so he had to smear the work of black paint. Subsequently, after the admission of the public, Malevich wrote new "black squares" already on clean canvas. Attempts to explore the cloth for finding the initial version under the upper layer were repeatedly performed. However, scientists and critics considered that the masterpiece could be caused by irreparable damage.
Wikipedia informs us that Malevich's black squares really are also not alone, but four:
* Currently, there are four "black squares" in Russia: in Moscow and St. Petersburg, two "squares": two in the Tretyakov Gallery, one in the Russian Museum and one in the Hermitage. One of the works belongs to the Russian billionaire Vladimir Potanin, who acquired him from Inkombank in 2002 for 1 million US dollars (about 28 million rubles) and transferred for indefinite storage in Hermitage.
Black Square 1923 Malevich, Wikipedia
Black Square 1929 Malevich, Wikipedia
Black Square 1930 Malevich, Wikipedia
Malevich and red square and white square, and a lot more. But the global glory won for some reason this particular, black square. However, it is not a square (corners not straight!) So it is also not quite black (at least, the file with the picture contains about 18,000 colors),
Maudded art historians Write:
The conceptual content of the "Black Square" is primarily to bring the consciousness of the viewer into the space of another measurement, to that single suprematic plane and economic and iconic. In this space of other dimension, three main directions - supremacy, savings and iconomy can be distinguished. By itself, the form in the suprematism due to its - nothing is depicted. On the contrary, it destroys things and makes sense as a primary element, fully subordinate to the economic start, which in symbolic expression there is "zero forms", "black square".
Again, considering that black, defined and pronounced in the form of a "black square", inextricably linked with a white background and without it, the color manifestation always remains incomplete and dim. It turns out another, no less significant formula for "black square" as a symbol: "Black Square" is an expression of unity of opposing colors. In this most generalized formula, black and white can be expressed as light and can be expressed as the two attributes of the absolute, existing and inseparable, and insensitive. That is, they exist as one, one - thanks to which one on the other , and here . Look back to work The original article is on the site Inforos Link to an article with which this copy is made -