What is the difference between the reserve from the National Park and from the reserve? What national parks differ from natural, as well as from nature reserves and reserves.

What is the reserve? Is it different from the National Park? In both cases, these are protected areas created in order to save the sections of nature in an immutable form and preserve their flora, fauna, geological or other natural features, as well as a gene pool of animals and vegetable species. Such zones provide a unique opportunity to observe and scientific research their natural environment and inhabitants. Basic difference: In reserves, the admission of unauthorized persons and any human activity, except for security and scientific, and tourism and limited economic actions are allowed in national parks.

Jurisdiction

Natural reserves (reserves) can be appointed, as well as overseer by state and research institutions, charitable organizations, in some cases - by private landowners. Depending on the level of their protection, nature reserves fall into various categories of IUCN, that is, the International Union of Nature Conservation, submitted by local law. In the case of unique worldwide significance, the object enters the sphere of protection of UNESCO. In the Russian Federation, 100 natural reserves and 50 national parks are jumped by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology.

History of modern reserves

The world's first modern reserve was created in 1821 by naturalist-researcher Charles Waterton around his family estate in West Yorkshire. He spent 9000 (unthinkable money for those times) pounds sterling for the construction of a 3-mile wall of 9 feet height to protect his park from poachers. Then the concept was first applied: what is the reserve. On this territory, Waterton created favorable conditions mainly for the life and breeding of wild birds, which produced scientific observations.

The first state reserve was Drachenfels, formed in Germany in 1836, when the Prussian government bought a plot to protect it from natural mineral mining.

Yellowstone in Wyoming, USA - the first largest National Park National Reserve, based on an area of \u200b\u200b8991 square meters. km in 1872. He followed: the Royal National Park near Sydney in Australia (1879) and the Barguzin Natural Reserve of Imperial Russia (1916), first created by the Government completely for scientific study of nature.

Biospheric reserve

The natural park or the reserve may refer to one of three types: biosphere, botanical and mineralogical or complex.

Biosphere reserves on the planet created 669, of which 564 reservations are a worldwide network: a special international project developed and organized under the UNESCO program. Its main task is to maintain a steady ecosystem, vegetable and animal gene pool of various natural zones of the planet, as well as to comprehensively explore the natural environment and the biological diversity of these and adjacent territories. Biosphere reserves are created on the basis of existing natural national parks and reserves. The program was attended by 120 countries. In Russia, there are 37 such reserves.

What is the Botanic Reserve?

This is a territory where it is important to save a unique flora: disappearing, relict and endemic species listed in the national or international red book. For this purpose, natural landscape and natural conditions for the reproduction of these plants are preserved, for example, the Homutov Steppe Reserve, where 1028 hectares of the steppe zone is preserved in the original state.

Mineralogical reserves

These are reserves, where the natural state of special natural standards is preserved: valuable from the point of view of science, geological and mineralogical formation. Such reserves are mainly created in places with karst caves, mineral sources, salt lakes, waterfalls, geysers and volcanic geolands, caves, ore veins with a rich variety of minerals and other interesting geological objects and phenomena. The first specialized facility of this kind in the world was Yellowstone, and in Russia - Ilmensky Reserve (1920) in the Urals.

Complex reserves

The term "Museum-Reserve" appeared in Soviet Russia, since 1922 he was first used to "Pushkin Corner". And from the 50s, the state form of appropriation with some historical and cultural complexes was established, with the territories adjacent to them, the provisions of reserves museums, which caused their safety and financing.

Now in Russia about one hundred reserves museums, which can be divided into several species, based on which objects are in their sites. It can be a combination of objects and territories of historical, architectural, archaeological, artistic, military, and even scientific and technical orientation. But what are the reserves of complex? Each of these museums, in addition to the main profile, connects several appointments: artistic and historical, architectural and historical, historical and archaeological, military historical and others. Therefore, all museums reserves can be considered complex.

Natural national parks and reserves are also comprehensive when, interesting landscape with geological and mineralogical formations for science forms a special environment for unique flora and habitats of rare animal species. And such a combination does not often occur on the planet.

In order to preserve rare species of plants and animals, the creation of specially protected territories is organized: national parks. They are federal objects. In order to maintain order in these territories, funds are allocated from the federal budget.

What is the difference between the reserve from the National Park? You can select several aspects. First of all, it is necessary to figure out what these territories are. What is the difference between the reserve from the National Park in different countriesoh, you can understand if you get acquainted with the aim of creating them.

National Park

For the purpose of human activity, special natural areas have been created. In national parks there is a limitation or a ban on any economic processes. A visit to natural objects by man is allowed. These territories may appear both tourists and ordinary nature lovers.

National Parks are called protected educational and research institutions, which are characterized by special ecological, historical and aesthetic value. The purpose of these objects is environmental, educational, scientific and cultural purposes, as well as in the regulation of tourism.

Each national park is surrounded by a zone on which limited environmental management is valid. All this land is divided into territories in which various regimes of protection are operating, for example, reserved, recreational, economic and regulated use zone.

Tasks

The main goal that the creators of national parks is pursued is the need to preserve natural objects, territories of cultural and historical significance, organization of regulated recreation areas. The main task is to restore previously disturbed natural, historical and cultural complexes, as well as in the introduction of special scientific ways to protect the surrounding nature. What is the difference between the reserve from the National Park? Tourism and rest are not prohibited in the latter.

Reserve

In order to preserve natural resources, specially protected areas and water area have been created. What is the difference between the reserve from the National Park and the reserve? First of all, by the fact that it represents the territory where absolutely everyone come under protection. These include soil, reservoirs, animal and vegetable world.

In order to visit the reserve, a special permission is required. In the limits of this zone, any economic activity is prohibited, there are no industrial enterprises. Here they also do not break the ground and do not make the grass, it is impossible to organize hunting, fishing, gathering mushrooms and berries.

The federal law, in which the status is prescribed to land and water territories in the indefinite use of the reserves.

The main task

The priority goals of nature reserves include maintaining diversity of biocompleks. These territories are organized by various scientific research and carry out environmental monitoring. Also, the main tasks of the activities of reserves include the processes of environmental education and assistance in the preparation of specialists in the field of environmental protection. This is a nationwide program that includes more than one hundred protected areas in Russia. The laws of our country provide them with the status of specially protected natural territories. What is the difference between the reserve from the National Park? In the first case is limited completely. There are no similar prohibition in national parks, but restrictions also apply.

Reserve

There are territories on which certain types of animal and plant world are protected. These institutions are called reserves, which anyone can visit. There is a permit for partial economic activity. Installation of tents, parking lots, riding a car or motorcycle are prohibited here. In the reserves it is impossible to breed fires, walking dogs, and also to hunt some animals.

What is the difference between the reserve from the National Park and the reserve? Relying on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the protected zones fall under the tougher control and protection. Unlike them, free visits to national parks and tourists only welcome.

Country of unique natural complexes

Tanzania is a very interesting and distinctive country in the environmental sense. Twelve national parks, thirteen reserves, as well as thirty-eight environmental territories turned this country in the best place for tourism lovers.

What is the difference between the reserve from the National Park in Tanzania? As in other countries, these are huge areas inhabit the incredible number of animals and birds. Non-intended natural complexes are under the protection of the state. Poaching activities are strictly punishable under the law, and visitors who hunt for rare types of animals will be expelled from the country. There are reserves in Tanzania and national parks, there are a large number of Rangers and veterinarians. They recalculate the number of livestock, as well as track the annual migration of animals.

What is the difference between the reserve from the National Park and from the reserve?

First of all, it should be noted that each project is created to preserve natural areas from the aggressive impact of human economic activity. The differences consist only in measures to limit such interference. Under the most stringent control are reserves, they are fully or partially isolated from economic use. A visit to these complexes occurs in coordination with the curators of the zone.

In national parks, any economic activity is excluded almost completely, but tourists are not limited to visitors. The reserves, in contrast to the reserves, are the territory of natural complexes, where the entire object falls under protection, but its separate components. These may be representatives of the plant and animal world, as well as historical, memorial or geological values.

Natural facilities in our country

What is the difference between the reserve from the National Park in Russia? All these territories are traditional and effective forms The main difference of projects is that land and water sections are in the continuous use of the reserves. It is curious that such a phenomenon is characteristic only for our country.

Thus, in this article we looked at what the reserve differs from the National Park or the reserve. Regardless of the name and purpose of objects, it should be remembered that their appearance is associated with the threat of the disappearance of certain biocomplexes. It is necessary to take care of nature not only in the territories of nature reserves and national parks, but also beyond.

Many believe that foreign national and natural parks are analogs of our domestic reserves. In fact, these are different types of environmental protection areas that differ from each other by the level of protection of ecosystems and a visit regimen. So, we propose to see what the different types of territories with the environmental regime are distinguished, which exist in Russia and other countries.

Nature Monument

Under the monument of nature is understood as a natural complex with a natural complex, as well as a separate object of natural or artificial origin. Lake, a waterfall, a cave, a spring, a unique tree or a whole relict grove, as well as objects having a high paleontological value can be as a monument to nature. At the same time, various environmental regime can act on the territory of the monument of nature - the reserve or the reserve, which happens less often.

Nature Monument Lake Seliger

Reserve

Reservations are created to protect any specific types of animals or plants, or to preserve the entire landscaped complex. These territories allowed economic activities that do not damage protected species. Research is conducted here, and people sometimes interfere with the inhabitants of the reserve, feeding in winter hoofs or adjusting the number of some animal species.

National Park

Human economic activity in the National Park is also limited, but allowed. In addition, tourists are visited by the territory of the National Park for which special routes have been developed and viewing platforms are equipped. National parks often combine environmental activities with educational events.

Nature Park

The environmental regime in natural parks is not as strict as in national parks, but the main purpose of their creation is the organization of recreation. Of course, the environmental component is also present, but natural parks are known primarily as popular places for outdoor activities and tourists are often visited.

Natural Reserve

Reserves include territories on which any economic activity is completely prohibited. This includes not only the hunting or cutting of the forest, but also fishing, the collection of berries, mushrooms and other Dijoros. In reserves, only scientific activities are allowed and ecotourism is possible in rare cases.

Biosphere reserve

The status of biosphere has reserves included in the international network of particularly valuable natural territories organized under the UNESCO Program. Control over their condition and scientific activities are conducted within the framework of international programs. At the same time, both the Natural Reserve and the National Park can serve as a basis for organizing the biosphere reserve. In total, there are more than 650 biosphere reserves in the world, and in Russia these environmental territories with international status - 37.

Human intervention in the ecological system in the process of active economic activity often leads to irreparable consequences. Under the threat of complete disappearance, individual types of animals are disturbed, the conditions of bird migration are violated, the species variety of floral world is narrowed, natural reservoirs and drinking sources suffer. To preserve natural areas and maintaining an environmental balance, state reserves, national parks and reserves are being created. Their status is determined by the executive authorities authorized to take appropriate solutions in the field of environmental protection and environmental protection.
According to the features of the protection regime reservations They are a natural zone on which or limited actions that disturb the structure of the ecosystem, negatively affecting the reproduction of individual species of animals and birds or entailing a change in the natural landscape.
Hunting reserves are most often created to preserve the populations of valuable animals. Their territory introduces a temporary ban on hunting and calfs, as well as activities that can lead to a change in their habitat. This applies to landlocative works, cutting down forests, use of meadows for grazing, gaskets of roads and the construction of various business objects.
In places with severe winters for the inhabitants of the reserves suffering from the lack of feed, they are satisfied with the detachable pads, and in flood areas, restrictive dams are built, warning flooding of holes of meadow rodents, anthills, bumblebery nests and bird masonry.
Botanical and hydrological reserves are natural scientific laboratories, which are observed for the processes of vegetation of plants and the condition of water bodies affecting the spawning of fishing fish. In landscaped reserves, phenomena are investigated, under the influence of which the soil structure changes, the transformation of rocky arrays, the formation of stalactite caves occurs. Security functions of such reserves are associated with similar research work.
Reserves - Strictly protected by the state territory, within which there are areas of sushi, forest arrays and water water areas inhabited by endangered animal species or representing a rare combination of community of plant organisms and unique geological formations. The protected status is usually assigned to terrain typical of a certain geographic area and at the same time representing scientific value as a natural object or national historical heritage.
In reserves, any kind of economic and industrial activities are prohibited, strictly limited movement and any actions that threaten the integrity of the natural complex and capable of leading the death of animals, birds, inhabitants of water bodies and vegetation,
In contrast to the reserves, where security measures are provided for on certain types of animals and plants, reserves retain the entire natural complex as a dynamic structure reflecting the adaptability of living organisms to the habitat.
The most significant reserves are among the biosphere reserves and have the appropriate UNESCO certificates. Among them - the Grand Canyon, which occupies the territory along the Colorado River with a length of 466 km, Fiouportland, who united the deepest Lakes of New Zealand, Iguazu Waterfalls on the border of Argentina and Brazil, a large barrier reef in the east coast of Australia. Biosphere reserves include our domestic: Taimyr, Baikal, Barguzinsky. Central Alibirsk and Caucasian.

the site has determined that the difference between the reserve and the reserve is as follows:

Reservations are created to preserve and develop individual populations of animals, birds or water inhabitants. Reserves retain all kinds of living organisms in their natural habitats.
In the reserves, temporary restrictions on some types of economic activities are introduced in order to avoid their detrimental effect on the processes of restoring the number of protected population. In reserves, any type of economic and industrial activity is under constant prohibition.
In the reserves, measures are being taken for feeding animals with unfavorable weather conditions. In reserves, such measures are not provided, since the goal is to preserve the natural development of the natural complex without active human intervention.
Reservations are divided into hunting, botanical and hydrological. Reserves are natural, landscaped, historical, archaeological. Museum-reserves, which may include part of the city, a park or a separate estate, representing architectural or historical value.
Natural reserves, unlike reserves, can be included in the number of biosphere reserves.

State Natural Reserves - This is fully seized from the economic use of specially protected natural complexes and objects (land, water, bowel, vegetable and animal peace), having environmental, scientific, ecological and educational importance as samples of natural environment, typical or rare landscapes, places of maintaining a genetic fund Plant and animal world.

At the same time, reserves are environmental protection, research and environmental-educational institutions that have the goal of preserving and studying the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique environmental systems.

Natural resources available on the territory of public native reserves are provided to them in perpetual use. All property reserves, including natural complexes and objects, is state property and cannot be the subject of any transactions on its alienation.

It is prohibited to withdraw or other termination of the rights to land and other natural resources of the State Natural Reserve.

The following tasks are assigned to the reserves:

Implementation of the protection of natural territories in order to preserve biological diversity and maintaining protected natural complexes and objects in the natural state;

Organization and conduct of scientific research, including the management of the chronicles of nature;

Implementation of environmental monitoring in the framework of the national environmental monitoring system;

Environmental education;

Participation in the state environmental impact assessment of projects and projects for the placement of economic and other objects;

Assistance in the preparation of specialists in the field of environmental protection.

The most characteristic feature of the legal regime of the State Natural Reserve is that any activity contrary to the specified tasks and rules of its special protection is prohibited. Staying on the territory of the reserves of citizens who are not workers in these reserves or officials of bodies in which these reserves are underway only in the presence of permits of these bodies or directors of the reserves.

In accordance with international environmental protection programs, biosphere reserves have been created in our country. They enter the international system of biosphere reserves that implement global environmental monitoring.

National parks - These are natural complexes and facilities with special environmental, historical and aesthetic value, which are intended for use in environmental, educational, scientific and cultural purposes and for regulated tourism.

As well as reserves, national parks are environmental protection, environmental and educational institutions. Their property is state property, provided to them in perpetual use, withdrawn from civil turnover and is not subject to privatization.

The main tasks of national parks are:

Preservation of natural complexes, unique and reference natural sites and objects, as well as historical and cultural facilities;

Environmental education of the population;

Creating conditions for regulated tourism and recreation;

Development and implementation of scientific methods for the protection of nature and environmental education;

Implementation of environmental monitoring;

Restoration of disturbed natural and historical and cultural complexes and objects.

Thus, unlike state-owned nature reserves, national parks perform not only environmental and scientific countries, but also recreational and educational programs: they create conditions for recreation and tourism of the population, familiarization with natural attractions.

For these purposes, the National Park is attached to the differentiated re refuse with the allocation of various functional zones:

Protected, within which any economic activity and recreational use is prohibited;

Especially protected, within which conditions are provided for the conservation of natural complexes and objects and in which a strictly adjustable visit is allowed;

Cognitive tourism, intended for the organization of environmental education and familiarization with the attractions of the National Park;

Recreational, intended for rest;

Protection of historical and cultural facilities, within which conditions are provided for their conservation;

Maintenance of visitors intended for accommodation of spaces of overnight, tent camps and other objects of tourist service, cultural, domestic and information service of visitors;

Economic destination, within which the economic activity required to ensure the functioning of the National Park is carried out.

Any other activity that may cause damage to natural complexes and objects of the National Park and contradicts its tasks is prohibited, including the development of minerals, the impairment of soil cover, the change in the hydrological regime, the provision of horticultural and country-country sites, the construction of roads, communications and other objects not related With the functioning of the National Park, cutting down forests, hunting and fishing, traffic, the organization of mass sports and spectacular activities outside the specially provided for this place, etc.

State natural reserves - These are territories (water areas), which are of particular importance for the preservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintaining an ecological balance.

State natural reserves are designed to preserve some natural objects or reproduction of natural resources in combination with limited and consistent use of others. At the same time, the territories on which the reserves are located may not be seized by the owners, owners and users of land plots, unlike the territories of nature reserves and national parks. At the same time, these entities of the rights to land plots, which are within the boundaries of the reserves, are obliged to comply with the regime established on their territory specially oh wound and carry responsibility for its violation.

State natural reserves may have a different program, in accordance with which the following types of reservations are allocated:

Complex (landscape) intended to preserve and restore natural complexes (landscapes);

Biological (zoological and botanical) intended to preserve and restore rare and endangered species of plants and animals, including valuable species in economic, scientific and cultural relations;

Paleontological intended to save fossil objects;

Hydrological (marsh, lake, river, marine), designed to preserve and restore valuable water bodies and environmental systems;

Geological, intended to preserve objects and complexes of inanimate nature.

The legal regime of state natural reserves is characterized by the fact that in their territories, any activity contrary to the objectives of creating a reserve or harm to its natural complexes and their components is constantly or temporarily prohibited.

To ensure the functioning of the reserves, their administrations are created.