Biography of the writer. Alexander Volkov

Volkov Alexander Melentievich (July 14, 1891, Ust-Kamenogorsk - July 3, 1977, Moscow) - Soviet Children's writer, playwright, translator. In 1926 - 1929 He lived in Yaroslavl.

Alexander Volkov was born in the family of the military (his father served as Feldfelm) and the dressmakers. Read the boy learned at a three-year-old. In 6 years he was accepted immediately in the second class of the city school. He studied at "excellent", moving from class to class only with awards, and in 12 years he graduated from the school as the best student. In 8 years, wolves learned to intertwined the books. The shortage of customers in the young rift was not. And he not only binding, but also read the works of Main Reed, Jules Verne and Charles Dickens. In 1904, after the preparatory course, the Volkov entered the Tomsk Teacher Institute, which he graduated from the right of teaching in the city and senior primary schools, except the law of God in 1910. First, the wolves worked as a teacher in the city of Kolyvan in Altai, and then Ust-Kamenogorsk returned, he taught in the school that he once graduated. Alone mastered German and French.

In 1915, Volkov met on New Year's balus with the gymnastics and dances of Ust-Kamenogorsk gymnasium Kaleria Rubin. Two months later, they got married, in a year they had a son of Vivian, after three years - Romuald. (In 1921, both died from infectious diseases. A few years later, the wolves were once again born two sons, and they gave them the same names.)

Wolves began to compose for another 12 years under the influence of the "Robinson Cruzo". In 1917, his poems were printed in the Siberian Light newspaper "Nothing pleases me" and "Dreams".

After the revolution, he was elected to the Ust-Kamenogorsky Sovde, participated in the issue of the newspaper of the teacher's union "friend of the people", taught on pedagogical courses. At the same time, the Volkov wrote for the children's theater of the play "Orlini Kryv", "in the deaf corner", "Rustic School", "Toga-Pioneer", "Ferrny Flower", "Home Teacher", "Comrade from the Center" ("Modern Auditor ") and" Shneterzon Trading House ".

In 1926, wolves moved to Yaroslavl. Headed the experimental school to them. M. Gorky at the Yaroslavl Pedagogical Institute. In parallel, externally passed the exams for the course of the physico-mathematical faculty of the pedigree.

In 1929, wolves moved to Moscow, worked as the head of the teaching part of Rabafak. In the forty years, he entered the Moscow State University, in seven months mastered the entire five-year course of the Mathematical Faculty and passed all exams. For twenty-seven years, there was a teacher (then associate professor) of higher mathematics at the Moscow Institute of non-ferrous metals and gold. In the same place, he led for students. Optional in literature was engaged in translations.

In the mid-1930 wolves, already knew several foreign languages, I decided to explore English. As a material for exercises, he took the book L. Frank Bauma "An amazing wizard from Oz." He read her, told her two sons, and decided to translate. But during the work of the wolves changed many plot lines, invented new heroes and new episodes. As a result, it turned out the arrangement, and not a translation. In 1936, Volkov showed the manuscript S. Ya. Marshak and received approval and support from him. In 1939, the book "The Wizard of the Emerald City was printed." Black and white illustrations for the first edition made an artist Nikolai Radlov. The book came out with a circulation of twenty-five thousand copies and immediately won the sympathy of readers. The next year, her re-edition appeared, and by the end of the year it entered the School Series, which circulation was 170 thousand copies.

In 1937, the wolves also wrote a story "The first aircapor". This is the historical story about the time of Elizabeth Petrovna. The main character of the story - the Son of the merchant Dmitry Rakitin - was concluded forever in the fortress, where the first balloon in Russia invented and fled from imprisonment with it (the story was published in 1940 called "Wonderful Ball"). In 1941, wolves became a member of the Writers of the USSR.

From November 1941 to October 1943, Volkov lived and worked in evacuation in Alma-Ata. Here he wrote the documentary books "Invisible Fighters" (about mathematics in artillery and aviation) and "Airplanes in the War", a radio cycle on a military-patriotic topic: "The counselor goes to the front", "Timurovtsy", "Patriots", "Deaf At night, "Fuffyka and others, historical essays:" Mathematics in military business "," Nice pages on the history of Russian artillery ", verses:" Red Army "," Ballad on the Soviet pilot "," Scouts "," Young partisans " , "Motherland", songs: "Hiking Komsomolskaya", "Song of Timurovtsev". I wrote a lot for newspapers and radio, some songs written on them were laid on music by composers D. Gershfeld and O. Sandler.

After the end of the war, the wolves write historical novels: "Two brothers" (1950) from the time of Peter I on the fate of the two brothers Egorov - the inventor and a fighter for folk freedom; "Architect" (1954), dedicated to the builders of the church of Vasily blissful; Skitania (1963), in the center of which is the fate of Jordan Bruno. In the story "Tsargrad captive" (1969), he spoke about the times of the reign of Yaroslav Wise, in the story of "Traveling in the Third Millennium" (1960) - about the construction of the Volga-Don Canal. The collection "Footage for feed" (1960) is devoted to the history of navigation, primitive times, the death of the Atlantis and the discovery of America by Vikings. In addition, Alexander Volkov published several scientific and popular books about nature, fishing, science history. The most popular of them - "Earth and Sky" (1957), introducing children to the world of geography and astronomy, withstood multiple reprints.

In 1959, Alexander Volkov met the novice artist Leonid Vladimir, and the "magician of the Emerald City" was published with new illustrations recognized later classic. In the hands of the post-war generation, the book fell in the early 60s, already in a processed form, and since then it is constantly reprinted. The creative Commonwealth of Volkova and Vladimirsky turned out to be long and very fruitful. Working side by side for twenty years, they became co-authors of the books-continuation of the "wizard": "Urfin Jus and his wooden soldiers", "Seven underground kings", "Fire God of Marranov", "Yellow Fog" and "The Mystery of the Abandoned Castle" .

The Volkov was engaged in the translation of Jules Verne ("The Unusual Adventures of the Expedition of the Barsaka" and "Danube Lotsman"), his peru belongs to the fantastic story "Adventure of two friends in the country of the past" (1963, pamphlet), stories and essays "Journey Petit Ivanov on an extraterrestrial station", "In the mountains of Altai," "Lapatinsky Bay", "On the River Busch", "Ramoram", "Good day", "by the fire", the story "and the blood did the Blend" (1975) and many other works.

The books of the Soviet Children's Writer and the teacher of Alexander Melentievich Volkov about the wonderful magic country, the Emerald city and the girl Ellie are familiar and loved by many. So loved - warm and unless there can be only fairy tales that we read in childhood. What could be closer to the world of children's imagination than stories about exciting travels to unknown countries, meetings with their terrible rulers, wonderful inhabitants, good wizards and evil sorcerers?

Not one generation of Soviet children has grown on the books of Volkov. No wonder they were bought, they were raised instantly - the owner of the "Wizard" instance was lucky. In the libraries on the books were recorded in the queue, they were rewriting and redrawn by hand. The cycle of the Volkova books can be compared with other masterpieces of children's literature in the genre of Fantasy - "Chronicles of Narnia" K. S. Lewis, "Hobbit" J. R. Tolkien, "Alice in Wonderland" L. Carroll, Tales of Charles Perro, fantastic stories of J. . Darella. How were these books were created, written and published?

Start history

It all started in the 1930s, when the question of the lack of children's literature was acute in the USSR. "Kamchatka, the Far East, the North Territory requires books for preschoolers. But what does it answer for distant outskirts when in Moscow and in Leningrad children do not have a set of books essentially necessary for their development? " - wrote A. M. Gorky. (Gorky M. Literature - Children // Gorky M. On children's literature. Articles, statements, letters. M., 1968. P. 112-113)

To solve the problem, the first specialized publishing house was created in the world - Childish. Calls A. M. Gorky and S. Ya. Marshak writing for children was distributed from pages of newspapers. And they found their addressee - the teacher of the Department of Higher Mathematics of the Moscow Institute of non-ferrous metals and gold A. M. Volkov, a man of a broad outlook and father of two sons.

Alexander Volkov has already tried himself in writing, and successfully - he was the author of the Pieces for school productions, wrote poems and translated, and also began his first historic story.

In the mid-1930s, the wolves took an important decision, without which there would be no "the wizard of the Emerald City" - namely, he decided to continue learning English. In this, he was helped by a circle for teachers in the native Minxvetmete, where the participants were distributed to the participants of the American writer Frank Limana Bauma "Sage of Oz" to the participants as a material for exercises.

The book liked the wolf so much that he read her with his sons of Viva and Adikikov who took her with delight. The fairy tale fascinated the teacher "his story and some surprisingly cute heroes." He decided to translate the "wisdom of Oz" into Russian, thoroughly recycled. The translation of the Volkova was so made away, which was ready for only two weeks - according to various testimonies, the work lasted from the 6th to 21st (or on the 26th) of December 1936.

The young writer risked to send his manuscript chief editor of the Children of N. Maximova and the writer S. Ya. Marshaku - and received their full approval. "The Wizard of the Emerald City" liked the Soviet teacher A. S. Makarenko.

However, despite the success, the children did not include books in publishing plans. The reasons were called different: lack of paper, the desire to print only classic works, not a fairy tale.

Ultimately, more than a year of November, the "magician of the Emerald City" was lucky - an agreement on its publication was signed on June 7, 1938 and "Earned the car! Artist, proofreaders, photographers, typists, typewriters, printers, rebakes ... And for their backs - wallets, textiles, etc. etc. The Great Chain of Human Labor! " He recorded Alexander Melentievich in October 1939. (Archive A.M. Volkov. Diary. KN. 1. L. 108)

Illustrations for the book Drew the artist N. E. Radlov - they were black and white and quite arranged the author. Interestingly, in the edition itself, the book was very loved: "It turns out that the editors are already familiar with my heroes. Leo they are friendly calling "Lev", horror - "chuck" ". (Archive A.M. Volkov. Diary. BN. 1. L. 34). The manuscript was even kept in a green folder.

The "magician of the Emerald City" was printed in September 1939 by a circulation of 25 thousand copies, and in December reissued once again - again by the number of 25 thousand.

The book had an incredible success of readers. Her heroes are a courageous, smart, good girl Ellie, smart and ingenious horrible, good iron woodcutter, brave lion, a small protector Totomy has become close and understandable to children. The extraordinary success of the fairy tale predetermined her exit in 1941 in the School Library series with a circulation of 177 thousand copies. Thus, the children of the whole country received as much as 227 thousand "Wizards"!

"The Wizard of the Emerald City" in the military and postwar years

The book arrived very in time - the Great Patriotic War began, and good fairy tales as never became necessary for children.

"Wizards" we read the whole class to holes. It was a surprisingly bright fairy tale. Leaving into it, we forgot about hunger, and about torn felt boots, and about the fact that the notebooks had to sew from old newspapers. In the shower, faith was born in good and justice "- I remembered the writer Yuri Kachayev.

The book was kept as the most expensive, took with them to evacuation among the most necessary things, read in the subway during the bombing.

After the war, the wolves offered to reprint the book again, but he received a refusal. Negatively on the fate of the book affected the struggle against cosmopolitan and foreign influence. Still, the American flavor of history would not go anywhere, but the homeland, where Ellie dreamed of returning - there were the United States.

Only in the mid-50s, they again started talking about the reprint of the "Wizard" in the USSR. And at that moment, a very important event was happening - namely, A. M. Volkov met the artist Leonid Viktorovich Vladimirsky, who became his friend and colleague for the next years. He came to the writer in 1957, offering to illustrate the "wizard of the Emerald City", and at the same time - publish a book in the new Publishing House "Soviet Russia".

By that time, the wolves significantly reworked the text of the story - he was influenced by work on the play on the "Wizard" for children's puppet theaters. Wanted writer: "To introduce a number of dialogs, using the play, brighter to straighten the restless and assertive nature of the horror, the sentimentality of the woodcutter. A sample of dialogs can serve "Alice in Wonderland." Fill the book by verses and songs, add a number of adventures ". (Archive A.M. Volkov. Diary. KN. 3. L. 25)

Volkov gave the Vladimirsky recycled manuscript, and Vladimir showed his work to the Writer. Both were very pleased with each other. Vladimirsky deployed active negotiations with the publisher.

In October 1957, he brought the regular drawings to Volkov and he left the delightful response: "Here is an active artist! He interferes with the construction of a book, asks for permutations, indicates unsuccessful places. For the first time I meet the artist, who relates to his work with such love and effort and for which the book is so road as its own creation ". (Archive A.M. Volkova. Diary. KN. 10. L. 34-35)

The writer really liked the heroes of the fairy tale created by Vladimir's images, especially the artist's interpretation approached the age of Ellie.

"For 14 years, which passed since the first issue of the" Wizard ", the image of the horror in the interpretation of L. Vladimirsky became classic. His funny physiognomy with mischievous eyes, with millions of book pages, leapped by young readers in our country and far beyond its turns. And the ironwood with a fun funnel on the head instead of a cap, with a few awkward movements, a tireless desire to help all those who suffer and offended? And a good-natured lion with a lush mane, a long tail and a tassel at the end, which he, persecuted, wipes tears? All these characters are also loved by young readers. Yes, what to talk about the guys, when even I, who had seen these "portraits", created by a good tenth of Soviet and foreign artists, imagine them only in the form, in which L. Vladimirsky introduced them. "- recalled by A. M. Volkov subsequently. (Volkov A. Union words and brushes // Children's literature. 1973. No. 8. P. 77-78)

As a result of the work done by the writer and the artist, a completely new edition of the book was obtained. This is the publication known to us.

Updated version of the "Wizard of the Emerald City"

What differed a new text of the "Wizard" from the old, initial?

First, Ellie's sirota acquires parents - Kansas Farmers John and Anna Smith, as wolves did not want the girl to cause a feeling of pity from readers.

Secondly, the wolves made a fairy tale more logical, with more obvious causal relations. He was a teacher of mathematics, and also believed that the children were sensitive to logical errors.

The wolves introduced the plot rod in the form of a motive of "three desires". According to the prediction of the good wizard Willina, to return home, Ellie should help three creatures to achieve the fulfillment of their most cherished desires. So there should be a mind, enchanted iron woodcutter - the heart, and the cowardly lion - courage. Thus, the actions of Ellie acquire purposefulness, and the plot of fairy tales and each episode becomes more thoughtful.

Thirdly, some new scenes were included in the fairy tale - for example, cooking the Magic Potion of the Gingham, acclating a hurricane, Willina, revealing the magic book, etc. They found their reflection and motives for the struggle for the social justice, characteristic of the Soviet society - so Ellie encourages citizens of the evil fairy of the Bastland to rebel against its power.

The new, revised "wizard of the Emerald City" was released at the end of 1959 by circulation of 300 thousand copies and became a real event in literary life. Finally, newspapers and magazines started talking about the book, and the publications followed one after another.

Since the 60s, the "triumphal march" of fairy tales began in the USSR and abroad. She came out with rather large circulations in Uzbekistan, Latvia, Armenia, Czechoslovakia, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus. Repringed several times in Russia, including in German in the translation of the Steinmer. Its translation in 1969 was first released in the GDR, in 1970 the book appeared in Holland.

The appearance of the book caused a new, unprecedented phenomenon - the children rewrite the book with their own hands and their own drawing illustrations. The writer fell out letters with gracious readers' reviews - from the smallest to the largest.

Wooden soldiers of Urphina Jus and seven underground kings

Alexander Melentievich, meanwhile, managed to get acquainted with other books F. Bauma from the series about the magic country of Oz. He wanted to write a sequel about the loved heroes, relying on the original. But unexpectedly found Bauum's books not very good.

In them - "Suction from the finger of stupid nonfilts and inventing a motley crowd of people and monsters - wooden, copper, rag, gingerbread, pumpkin heads, etc. etc. What a nonsense! If you do not restrain yourself as a bum defined by the literary framework, I can write such "fairy tales" on six per year! Very and very weak, Halursna This Ozian. " (Archive A.M. Volkov. Diary. KN. 10. L. 74-75).

Volkov decided to write a continuation, while relying in this entire fantasy. The idea for the plot came to him back in January 1958 - the "nail" of the narration should be lived water, rightly as in ancient Russian fairy tales. There, however, the water revived those who had already lived before. The wolves came up with the "live powder", which could distinguish absolutely everything, including objects.

Writer sat down for a new fairy tale on July 25, 1958 and worked until August 14. In June-July, the wolves refined a fairy tale in Perm, when Brother Anatolia was located - the book "Urfin Jus and his wooden soldiers" was born. The main villain in it is Urfin Jus (which means Urfin envious) - the minion of the dead sorcerer of Gingham and the usual joiner. This craft of wolves chose not by chance - it was interesting to show the turning of the hero with a purely peaceful profession in a militant aggressor, and in addition, the writer himself loved to join. In the hands of Urphine Jys, a life powder gets, with the help of which he creates a whole army of wooden soldiers and attacks the Emerald City. Ellie and her friend, single-legged sailor Charlie Black, saves the city.

The fairy tale began to be printed in 1962 in the Pioneer True newspaper in the abbreviated version, and in 1963 he published a separate book in the publishing house "Soviet Russia" with a circulation of 300 thousand copies.

After a year, the readers were waiting for the next cycle book - "Seven Underground Kings". According to the initial plan of Volkova in the fairy tale, 12 kings should have been, but the artist Vladimirsky advised to reduce their number to seven - in the number of rainbow colors. In this fairy tale there appears as a plowing man in a multi-month sleep, after which he wakes up completely updated and deprived of everyday experience. Sailor Charlie Blove Wolves replaced the Boy Fred Canning - Ellie's cousin.

"Seven underground kings" continued the tradition of a social fairy tale, started by "three fathers" Y. Oleshi. A. M. Volkov wrote: "I put big social problems in it and, if you can put it, political and economic order, of course, in the form of accessible to children. I do not use the terms "exploitation", "initial accumulation", etc., but, in fact, it is about that a question ". (Archive A.M. Volkov. Literary documents. T. 18). Social motive found its place in the following books of the series.

The book "Seven Underground Kings" became the last, where Ellie appeared. According to the author, the girl has grown too much and could not be the main heroine. The mouths of the queen of wild mice of wolves closed the road to her the magic country.

In abbreviated form, the fairy tale published the magazine "Science and Life" in 1964. The book "Seven Underground Kings" was first published in 1967 by edition of 100 thousand copies.

New dangers and new main heroine

Numerous letters of readers with requests to continue the series could not leave the author indifferent. In addition, he himself managed to attach to his favorite heroes for 30 years. Then the wolves introduced a new main heroine - Sister of Ellie, Annie Smith.

In the book "Fire God of Marranov", the main villain speaks back from the expulsion of Urfin Jus. For its milk plans, he uses the backward people of Marran (jumpers). The inhabitants of the conquered magic country come to the rescue and her friend Tim.

The fairy tale in abbreviated form began to be printed in 1968 in the magazine "Science and Life", having received a huge circulation - 3,300,000 copies.

"If each number reads only three and then the readers of the fairy tale will be ten million. With difficulty, I can realize the greatness of this figure. That in comparison with this book circulation ... "- wrote anneated A. M. Volkov. (Archive A.M. Volkova. Diary. KN. 17. L. 216)

The fifth fairy tale - "Yellow Fog" - was conceived by Volkov in July 1968 and was written in 24 days. In it, the enemy of the magic country is becoming a wizard of Arahan, who woke up from a fascinated sleep for five thousand years. She sat on the magic country a yellow fog that closes the sunlight. People come to the rescue again because of the mountains - Annie, Tim and Sailor Charlie. They build a huge iron giant Tilly Willy and defeat the sorceress.

In the reduced form, everything in the same magazine "Science and Life" appeared a fairy tale in 1970, and the book came out only in 1974.

The last book of the cycle, written by A. M. Volkov, "The Mystery of the Abandoned Castle" is scientifically fantastic. Her idea came to the Writer back in 1968 - mysterious creatures appear in the castle of Gurrykap, who kidnap children and organize the dirtiness to residents of a magical country. Mysterious creatures subsequently turned into aliens from the planet Ramery, which are divided into Menvitov and Arzakov. The first with the help of hypnosis was filled with second to slavery. Menvita want to capture not so much the magic country as the entire planet. The fairy tale was written in July-August 1969, then refined.

She first saw the light in 1971 under the title "Invasion of the Cvozoic" in the newspaper "Friendly guys". Cuts from the newspaper were glued together in the books and read not only by children, but also adults. A cosmic topic in a fabulous cycle turned out to be more than ever relevant in the century of space, which began the flight of Yuri Gagarin in 1961.

A separate book "The Mystery of the Abandoned Castle" came out after the death of the writer in 1982.

Afterword

Six fabulous ages A. M. Volkov about the Emerald city were translated into many languages \u200b\u200band published in general circulation of several tens of millions of copies. They found their fans in the former USSR countries and abroad, including in Germany and the United States.

According to the books from the "Wizard of the Emerald City" series, hundreds of theatrical and puppet performances, the film and film, doll and drawn cartoons were delivered. And in 2013, the popular fabulous epic was first translated into the format of audiobooks: six famous fairy tales of Alexander Volkova voiced the Honored Artist of the Russian Federation Alexei Barzunov. This work has become an excellent monument to the talent of a wonderful actor who has gone from life in the same year. And decorated new audio orders such familiar and favorite illustrations of Leonid Vladimirsky.

Alexander Melentievich Volkov was born on July 14, 1891 in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk in the family of Military Feldfel and Sea. In the old fortress, the little Sasha Volkov knew all the catches. In his memoirs, he wrote: "I remember, I stand at the gate of the fortress, and the long building of the barracks was decorated with garlands of colored paper lanterns, rockets take off high in the sky and scattered with multi-colored balls, flashes fire wheels with hiss ..." - so I remember A.M. Wolves celebration in Ust-Kamenogorsk Coronation Nikolai Romanova in October 1894. I learned to read at a three-year-old, but there was a little book in the house of the father, and from 8 years Sasha became masterfully to twist the neighboring books, while having the opportunity to read them. Already at this age, I read Main Reed, Jules Verne and Dickens; From Russian writers loved A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontova, N. A. Nekrasova, I. S. Nikitin. In the initial school studied only on perfectly, moving from class to class only with awards. At 6 years old Volkova took immediately into the second class of the city school, and in 12 years he graduated from his best student. In 1910, after the preparatory course, he entered the Tomsky Teacher Institute, which graduated in 1910 with the right of teaching in the city and senior primary schools. Alexander Volkov began working as a teacher in the old Altai city of Kolyvan, and then in the hometown of Ust-Kamenogorsk, in the school where he started his education. There he independently mastered German and French.

On the eve of the revolution of wolves, the feather tries. His first poems "Nothing pleases me", "dreams" were printed in 1917 in the Siberian Light newspaper. In 1917 - early 1918, he is part of the Ust-Kamenogorsk Sovildard and participates in the release of the newspaper "Friend of the People". Wolves, like many "older" intellectuals, did not immediately adopted the October Revolution. But the inexhaustible faith in a bright future captures it, and together with everyone he participates in the construction of a new life, teaches people and learn himself. He teaches pedagogical courses opening in Ust-Kamenogorsk, in the pedicer. At this time, writes a series of plays for the children's theater. His cheerful comedies and plays "Orlini Kryv", "in the deaf corner", "Rustic School", "Toga-Pioneer", "Ferrous Flower", "Home Teacher", "Comrade from the Center" ("Modern Auditor") and " Shneterzon and Co. trading house with great success in scenes Ust-Kamenogorsk and Yaroslavl.

In the 20s, Volkov moved to Yaroslavl as director of school. In parallel with this, he externally gives exams on the physico-mathematical faculty of the Pedagogical Institute. In 1929, Alexander Volkov moved to Moscow, where she works by the head of the teaching part of Rabafaka. By the time he entered the Moscow State University, he was already a forty-male married man, the father of two children. There, in seven months, he defeated the entire five-year course of the Mathematical Faculty, after which he was a teacher of higher mathematics at the Moscow Institute of non-ferrous metals and gold for twenty years. In the same place, he conducted an elective-literature for students, continued to replenish his knowledge of literature, history, geography, astronomy, was actively engaged in translations.

Here, there was the most unexpected turn in the life of Alexander Melentievich. It all began with the fact that he, a big expert of foreign languages, decided to study more English. As a material for exercises, he brought a book L. Frank Bauma "An amazing wizard from Oz." He read her, told her two sons, and decided to translate. But in the end, it turned out not a translation, but shifting the book of the American author. Something converted a writer, something added something. For example, came up with a meeting with a cannibal, flooding and other adventures. Pesk Totoshka spoke him, the girl was called Ellie, and the sage from Oz found the name and title - the great and terrible wizard of Goodwin ... many and other cute, funny, sometimes almost inconspicuous changes. And when the translation or, more precisely, the retelling was completed, then suddenly it turned out that this was not quite Baumovsky "Sage." The American fairy tale has just turned into a fairy tale. And her heroes spoke in Russian as easily and fun, as in the attachment before that they spoke English. Alexander Volkov worked on the manuscript and entitled her "the wizard of the Emerald City" with the subtitle "Processing of the Fairy Tale of the American Writer Frank Bauma." The manuscript was sent to the famous Children's writer S. Ya. Marshak, he approved it and handed over to the publisher, urged Volkov to engage in literature professionally.

Black and white illustration of the artist Nikolai Radlov made. The book came out of printing in a circulation of twenty-five thousand copies in 1939 and immediately won the sympathy of readers. At the end of the same year, her re-edition appeared, and soon she entered the so-called "school series", which circulation was 170 thousand copies. Since 1941, wolves became a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR.

During the war years, Alexander Volkov wrote the books "Invisible Fighters" (1942, about mathematics in artillery and aviation) and "Airplanes in War" (1946). The creation of these works is closely connected with Kazakhstan: from November 1941 to October 1943, the writer lived and worked in Alma-Ata. Here he wrote a radio cycle on a military-patriotic topic: "The counselor goes to the front", "Timurovtsy", "Patriots", "Deaf Night", "Fufiyk" and other, historical essays: "Mathematics in military business", "Nice Pages According to the history of Russian artillery, "poems:" Red Army "," Ballada about the Soviet pilot "," Scouts "," Young partisans "," Motherland ", songs:" Hiking Komsomolskaya "," Song of Timurovtsev ". I wrote a lot for newspapers and radio, some songs written on them were laid on music by composers D. Gershfeld and O. Sandler.

In 1959, Alexander Melentievich Volkov met the novice artist Leonid Vladimir, and the "magician of the Emerald City" was published with new illustrations recognized later classic. In the hands of the post-war generation, the book fell in the early 60s, already in a processed form, and since then it is constantly reprinted, using continued success. And young readers again go on a trip along the road paved with yellow bricks ...

The creative Commonwealth of Volkova and Vladimirsky turned out to be long and very fruitful. Working side by side for twenty years, they practically become co-authors of books - the continuation of the "wizard". L. Vladimirsky became the "court artist" of the Emerald city created by Volkov. He illustrated all five wizard continuations.

The incredible success of the Volkova cycle, who made the author to the modern classic of children's literature, largely delayed "penetration" on the domestic market of original works of F. Baum, despite the fact that subsequent books were not directly connected with F. Baum, only sometimes they melk Partial borrowings and alterations.

The "magician of the Emerald City" caused a large flow of letters to the author from his little readers. Children persistently demanded that the writer continued the fairy tale about the adventures of the good little girl Ellie and her faithful friends - the terrible, iron rover, a cowardly lion and a funny doggy tank. The letters of such a content of wolves responded to the books "Urfin Jys and his wooden soldiers" and "Seven Underground Kings". But reader letters continued to go with request to continue the story. Alexander Melentievich was forced to answer his "assertive" readers: "Many guys ask me so that I wrote a fairy tale about Ellie and her friends. I will answer this: there will be no more fairy tales on Ellie ... "And the flow of letters with persistent requests to continue the fairy tales did not decrease. And the good wizard walked the requests of his young fans. He wrote three more fairy tales - "Fire God of Marranov", "Yellow Fog" and "The Mystery of the Abandoned Castle." All six fabulous stories about the emerald city were translated into many languages \u200b\u200bof the world with a total circulation of several tens of millions of copies.

According to the "Wizard of the Emerald City", the writer in 1940 wrote the eponymous play, which was put in the puppet theaters of Moscow, Leningrad, and other cities. In the sixties, A. M. Volkov creates a version of the play for the theaters of the young viewer. In 1968 and subsequent years, according to the new scenario, the "magician of the Emerald City" is placed by numerous theaters of the country. The play "Urfin Jus and his wooden soldiers" walked in puppet theaters under the names of Urfin Jys, "defeated Urfin Jys" and "Heart, Mind and Bravery." In 1973, the Association "Screen" took off a puppet film out of ten episodes of fairy tales of A. M. Volkov "The Wizard of the Emerald City", "Urfin Jus and his wooden soldiers" and "Seven Underground Kings", which has been demonstrated several times on all-union television. Earlier, the Moscow studio of the diameters created the diameters based on the fabulous stakes "The Wizard of the Emerald City" and "Urfin Jus and his wooden soldiers."

In the publication of the second book by A. M. Volkov "Wonderful Ball", which the author in the original versions called "the first aircapor", Anton Semenovich Makarenko, who had just moved to Moscow, who had just moved to Moscow, who was completely given to scientific and literary work. "Wonderful ball" is a historic novel about the first Russian airplane. The shock to his writing served as a short story with the tragic end found by the author in the old annals. Other historical works of Alexander Melentievich Volkov - "Two Brothers", "Arch Republic", "Skitania", "Tsargrad Captive", a collection "Track for feed" (1960), dedicated to the history of navigation, primitive times, death Atlantis and the discovery of America by Vikings.

In addition, Alexander Volkov published several scientific and popular books about nature, fishing, science history. The most popular of them - "Earth and Sky" (1957), introducing children to the world of geography and astronomy, withstood multiple reprints.

Volkov engaged in the translation of Jules Verne ("The Unusual Adventures of the Barsaka Expedition" and "Danube Lotsman"), his peru belongs to the fantastic story "The Adventure of two friends in the country of the past" (1963, Pamflet), "Third Millennium Travelers" (1960), stories and Essays "Travel Petit Ivanov on an extraterrestrial station", "In the mountains of Altai", "Lopatinsky Bay", "on the river Bug", "Ramoram", "a good day", "by the fire", the story "and the blood was having a bang" ( 1975, not published?), And many other works.

But his books about the magic country are relentlessly reprinted with large circulations, pleaseing all new generations of young readers ... In our country, this cycle has become so popular that its continuation began to be created in the 1990s. Yuri Kuznetsov, who decided to continue epic and wrote a new story - "Emerald Rain" (1992). Sergey Sukhinov Children's writer, since 1997, issued more than 20 books of the Emerald City series. In 1996, Leonid Vladimirsky, Illustrator of the books A. Volkova and A. Tolstoy, tied two of his favorite heroes in the book "Buratino in the Emerald City".

Biography and episodes of life Alexander Volkova. When born and died Alexander Volkov, memorable places and dates of important events of his life. Quotes of the poet and writer, Photo and video.

Years of life Alexander Volkova:

born on June 14, 1891, died on July 3, 1977

Epitaph

"Court historian of Oz."
So called myself a writer Alexander Volkov

Biography

Once, to strengthen knowledge of knowledge in English, Alexander Volkov decided to translate the book of American writer Frank Bauma "An amazing wizard from Oz." As a result, he turned out not a simple translation, but a very high-quality interpretation. The author added some events to the original, changed some characters, and the American fairy tale seemed to have gained a new life. The manuscript was approved by the famous Children's writer Marshak, and Alexander Volkov himself received instruction seriously to engage in literature.

However, by the time the writer already had some literary experience over his shoulders, but professionally dealt with only teaching: he led the course of higher mathematics at the Moscow Institute of non-ferrous metals and gold. And this was by no means the only specialty he owned. Wolves gladly conducted student electives in literature, spoke in several languages \u200b\u200band, in the end, could teach any subject according to the school program besides the law of God. The striking was the tendency of Volkov to knowledge. So, for example, the course of higher mathematics, calculated for five years, Alexander Melentievich mastered in just a few months.

Alexander Volkov achieved huge recognition as the author of children's literature. At the same time, the wolves himself made a bet on a cognitive aspect in his own writings. Before creating a new story, the writer thoroughly worked as a conceived topic, as if he was preparing a scientific report, and then filed it in such a fascinating and relaxed form that it was not more difficult to read the story than a simple fairy tale. The total circulation of the works of Alexander Volkova, translated on tens of languages, exceeds twenty-five million copies.

By the way, wolves were talented since childhood. Read, for example, the boy has already started three years, that's just books in the father's house there were few. Haltur had to be decided: in the eight of the age, Alexander learned to intertwine the books and received orders from the neighbors. Thus, through his hands, hundreds of various books were held. Most Volkov loved Jules Verne, Main Reed and Dickens, and also, of course, Pushkin, Lermontov and Nekrasov. In general, when it came to school admission, Volkov took immediately into the second class, and already at the age of thirteen he received a certificate with honors.

The death of the writer on the eighty seventh year of life. He spent the last days under a sensitive guardianship of his granddaughter - Caleria Volkova. The cause of the death of Volkova was the rectal cancer. On the funeral of Volkova, only close was gathered. Despite the fact that the family of Alexander Melentievich reported on the tragedy to the Union of Writers, no newspaper wrote about the death of Volkova. Finally, the writer asked for a small rag buck with poems about the love, which he dedicated his hot beloved wife in his grave.

Life line

June 14, 1891 Date of birth of Alexander Melentievich Volkova.
1897 Little Alexander is credited immediately to the second course of the city school in Ust-Kamenogorsk.
1907 Alexander Volkov enters the Tomsk Teacher Institute.
1910 Wolves are arranged by a teacher in the Altai city of Kolyvan.
1917 The first verses of Alexander Volkov published in the Siberian Light newspaper.
1920 Volkov moves to Yaroslavl and externally enters the physico-mathematical faculty of the Pedagogical Institute.
1929 Alexander Volkov moves to Moscow.
1931 Volkov enters Moscow State University for higher mathematics.
1939 The most famous tale of Volkov is published - "The Wizard of the Emerald City".
1941 The writer moves into Almaty, where he produces a number of books and radio tracks.
1957 Volkov is retired.
July 3, 1977 Date of death Alexander Volkova.

Memorial places

1. The city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, where Alexander Volkov was born.
2. Tomsk Teacher Institute (now Tomsk State Pedagogical University), where wolves studied.
3. The city of Kolyvan in Altai, where Alexander Volkov has been met for several years.
4. The city of Yaroslavl, where the writer lived and worked.
5. Moscow State University, where the wolves studied the highest mathematics.
6. Moscow State University of non-ferrous metals and gold, where long time taught wolves.
7. The city of Alma-Ata, where he lived and worked as a writer after military evacuation from Moscow.
8. Kuntsevsky cemetery in Moscow, where wolves are buried.

Episodes of life

During the war, when the Volkov had to forced to leave Moscow, the writer worked on the Book of "Invisible Fighters", in which he investigated the topic of use of mathematics in military affairs. However, the manuscript was lost and Alexander Melentiev did not have anything else remained, how to restore labor work.

Alexander Volkov received a city school certificate of only 13 years. At that time, such a certificate gave good advantages, as, for example, the benefit of military service or the right to become a rural teacher. But the drama was that the teacher could have become only from 16 years old, and to get a public service in the army - from 18. Therefore, a wonderful certificate with round fives until time had to turn into a wall scenery.

With his future wife, the writer met on New Year's ball in Ust-Kamenogorsk. Two months later, the young got married, and in a year they had first-mentioned Vivian. At the age of five, the boy died of illness, and, alas, exactly the same fate awaited the second son of the Volkovoy - Romuald. Fortunately, in a few years, two boys were born again in the family, who were named after the same names.

Covenant

"Here it is, my reward! Let them feel silent about my fairy tales of critics, let them not speak in the reports from SSP, and my fairy tales guys rewrite from hand, reprint on cars ... and these stormy applause that boys and girls meet me in the column hall during the opening of the week of children's book, applause , the most prolonged and hot from all. Our "generals" is not the climate ... "

Cartoon on the fairy tale A. M. Volkov "Wizard of the Emerald City"

Sobolesnia

"... To put up with reality, he was always not easy. In childhood, I, of course, did not understand. Grandfather was a few, but I knew that sometimes he was hiding in his office under the pretext of work and crying ... "
Caleria Volkova, granddaughter

"You may be useful for children of our literature."
Samuel Marshak, writer

"Life is really cruel, you will not have time to end with one misfortune, another is already waiting for the threshold. So in our personal life, so in the life of all mankind, it turns out, in the magical country. "
Tatyana Kozhevnikova, Reviewer

- (1891 1977), Russian writer. By education mathematician. The most famous as the author of the cycle of fabulous age matters for children: "The Wizard of the Emerald City" (1939, the Book of the American Children's Writer F. Bauma "Sage from Oz"), "Urfin ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1891 1977) Russian writer. By education mathematician. The most famous as the author of the cycle of fabulous age matters for children: the wizard of the Emerald City (1939, the basis of the American Children's Writer F. Bauma Sage from Oz), Urfin Jus ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1891 1977). Rus. owls. Proser, playwright, translator, more famous made. Children. litig. Rod. In Ust Kamenogorsk, began to be printed since 1916. Sp. Fame V. brought free processing of the famous novel F. Bauma "Amazing ... ... Large biographical encyclopedia

Alexander Melentievich Volkov Date of birth: July 14, 1891 Place of birth: Ust Kamenogorsk, Russian Empire Date of death: July 3, 1977 Place of death: Moscow, RSFSR Citizenship: USSR Business activity: Writer ... Wikipedia

Volkov, Alexander Melentievich - (1891 1977) Writer. The author of the cycle of fabulous age matters for children: the wizard of the Emerald City (1939, the Book of the American Children's Writer F. Bauma Sage from Oz), Urfin Jus and his wooden soldiers (1963), seven underground ... ... Pedagogical Terminology Dictionary

Wikipedia has articles about other people with the surname of Volkov. Volkov, Alexander: Volkov, Alexander Aleksandrovich: Volkov, Alexander Aleksandrovich (General Lieutenant) (1779 1833) General Lieutenant, Head of the 2nd (Moscow) Corps district ... ... Wikipedia

Wolves surname, formed as a patronymic of an indercible male personal name of the wolf. In Russia, such a nickname was often given, in order to protect a person from predators. According to the ancient believers, who received the name of the corresponding animal or the elements, I took ... Wikipedia

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Books

• Tsargrad captive
• Tsargrad captive, Volkov Alexander Melentievich. Alexander Volkov with historical accuracy recreates the life of the ancient Russia of the XI century, when the recreation of Pechenegs was horrified on the inhabitants of the protein. Leaving the originated houses, destruction and ...