Aivazovsky and biography of the artist. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky: works, biography Family and native city
Ivanovsky Ivan Konstantinovich, part1 (1817 - 1900)
I.N. Kramskaya argued that Aivazovsky "There is a star of the first magnitude in any case and not only with us, but in the history of art in general."
P.M. Tretyakov, wanting to buy a picture for your gallery, wrote the artist: "... Give me your magic water to such, which would be quite handed over your dislike talent."
In painting Aivazovsky was, above all, the poet. Artist said about himself: "The plot of the paintings are made in my memory, as the plot of poems at the poet, making an outline on the piece of paper, I start work and until then I do not leave the canvas until I expose to my brush."
For his long life, he wrote up to 6000 works. The best of them entered the treasury of world culture. His paintings are in many world galleries
Portrait of an artist Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky
1841
Canvas, oil 72 x 54.2
Moscow
Ivan (Ovasnes) Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was born 17 (30) July 1817 in Feodosia. Avazovsky ancestors in the XVIII century moved from Western (Turkish) Armenia to the south of Poland. At the beginning of the XIX century, Konstantin (Gevorg), Gaivazovsky moved from Poland to Feodosia. After the feudless Feodosius of the plague epidemic in 1812, the Gaivazovsky family lived not easy. To contain a family in which there were two daughters and three sons, helped Konstantin Ripsema's wife, a skilled embroidery.
The initial education Aivazovsky received in the Armenian parish school, and then graduated from the Simferopol gymnasium, in which he helped to determine the city architect Koh. In 1833, with the assistance of the Feodosi district, A. Kazanchaeva, Aivazovsky went to St. Petersburg, and on the presented children's drawings, he was enrolled in the Academy of Arts in the Landscape Class of Professor M. N. Vorobyeva. Then she studied in a battle class at A. Zaerwide and a short time among the invited from France Marinist F. Tanner.
Already in 1835, he was awarded a silver medal of the second dignity for the "Etude of Air over the Sea". In 1837, for three marine species and especially for the picture "Shtil", he awarded the first gold medal and reduce the academic course for two years with the condition that during this time he wrote the landscapes of a number of Crimean cities. As a result of the trip to Crimea, Yalta, Feodosia, Sevastopol, Kerch and Pictures "Moonlit Night in Gurzufe" (1839), "Storm", "Sea Beach" (1840) appeared.
Aivazovsky IK Moonlight night in the Crimea. Gurzuf.
1839
Sumy Art Museum
"Coast"
1840
Canvas, oil. 42.8 x 61.5 cm
State Tretyakov Gallery
Windmill on the seashore "
1837
Canvas, oil 67 x 96
St. Petersburg
Sea shore at night
1837
47 x 66 cm
Canvas, oil
Romanticism, realism
Russia
Feodosia. Theodosi art gallery. I. K.
Kerch
1839
In 1839, Aivazovsky took part as an artist in the naval campaign to the shores of the Caucasus. On board the ship, he meets with M. P. Lazarev, V. A. Kornilov, P. S. Nakhimov, V. N. Istomin, it gets the opportunity to learn the design of warships. Creates the first battle canvas - "landing of the landing at Subasha".
"Truck N.N. Raevsky at Subasha "
1839
Canvas, oil. 66 x 97 cm
Samara Art Museum
In the same place, he became acquainted with the Decembrists of M. M. Naryshkin, A. I. Odoevsky, N. N. Lorrah, who participated in the case at Subashi. The artist's Crimean work was successfully exhibited at the exhibition at the Academy of Arts, and a business trip to Italy was provided as a promotion of I. K. Aivazovsky.
"Marine battle at Narina (October 2, 1827)"
1846
Canvas, oil 222 x 234
St. Petersburg
"Sea battle at Vyborg on June 29, 1790"
1846
Canvas, oil. 222 x 335 cm
Higher Navy Engineering School. F.E. Dzerzhinsky
"Sea battle in Roer (May 9, 1790)"
1846
Canvas, oil 222 x 335
Naval School them. F. E. Dzerzhinsky
St. Petersburg
Russia
In 1840, Aivazovsky goes to Italy. There he meets the bright leaders of Russian literature, art, science - Gogol, Alexander Ivanov, Botkin, Panayev. At the same time, in 1841, the name of the Gaivazovsky artist changed to Aivazovsky.
Lady grotto. Naples
1841
74 x 100 cm
Canvas, oil
Romanticism, realism
Russia
Donetsk. Donetsk Art Museum,
View of the Venetian lagoon
1841 76x118.
The activities of the artist in Rome begins with studying and copying works by the masters of the past, he works a lot on the sacristy etudes. In one of the letters, Aivazovsky said: "I, like a bee, collecting honey from the flower garden." Throughout his life, he returned to the scenery of Italy, the harmonious coexistence of a person and the sea in this country imprinted in his memory as a beauty sample. Aivazovsky created about fifty major pictures in Italy. Success by the artist brought romantic sea landscapes "Burya", "Chaos", "Neapolitan Bay of the Lunar Night" (1839) and others. His picture "Chaos" acquired the Vatican Museum. Pope Gregory XVI awarded the artist with a gold medal. The artist's talent recognize the connoisseurs of art and colleagues. A. Ivanov notes the ability of Aivazovsky in the image of the sea, Enraver F. Jordan argues that Ayvazovsky is the discoverer of the marine painting genre in Rome.
"Chaos. World creation"
1841
Canvas, oil 106 x 75
Museum of the Armenian Congregation of Mkutarists
Venice. Island of St. Lazari
"Neapolitan Bay"
1841
Canvas, oil 73 x 108
View of Constantinople during evening lighting
1846 120х189,5
"View of Constantinople during lunar lighting"
1846
Canvas, oil 124 x 192
State Russian Museum
St. Petersburg
Russia
1850
Canvas, oil 121 x 190
Feodosia
"Neapolitan bay in the lunar night"
1892
Canvas, oil 45 x 73
Assembly A. Shaginyan
New York
In 1843, the artist's travel begins with an exhibition of paintings in Europe. "Rome, Naples, Venice, Paris, London, Amsterdam awarded me the most flattering incentives," recalled Ivazovsky. One of them is the title of academician, awarded by the Academy of Arts Amsterdam. As the only representative of Russian art, he participated in the international exhibition organized in Louvre. Ten years later, he was the first of foreign artists by the Kavaler of the Order of the Honorary Legion.
"Shipwreck"
1843
Canvas, oil 116 x 189
Theodosi art gallery. I. K. Ayvazovsky
Feodosia
Russia
In 1844, two years earlier than the scheduled time, Aivazovsky returned to Russia. Upon returning to the motherland, the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts honors his title of academician. The Naval Office awarded him the honorary title of the artist of the Main Maritime Staff with the right of wearing the Admiralty Mundar and instructed the "extensive and challenging order" - to write all Russian military ports on the Baltic Sea. During the winter months of 1844 - 1845 Aivazovsky performed a government order and created another number of beautiful marine.
"Russian squadron at the Sevastopol raid"
1846
Canvas, oil. 121 x 191 cm
State Russian Museum
In 1845, together with the expedition, F. P. Litke Aivazovsky visited the coast of Turkey and Malaya Asia. During this navigation, he made a large number of drawings with a pencil who served him for many years material to create paintings, which he always wrote in the workshop. Returning from the expedition, Aivazovsky leaves for Feodosia. "This is a feeling or habit, my second nature. Winter I willingly spend in St. Petersburg, "the artist wrote," but a little eating in the spring, I will attack me in my homeland - I pulls me in the Crimea, to the Black Sea. "
Type of Feodosia
1845
70 x 96 cm
Canvas, oil
Romanticism, realism
Russia
Yerevan. State Picture Gallery of Armenia
Feodosia. Sunrise
1852 60x90.
In Feodosia, the artist built a house-studio on the seashore and finally settled here. In winter, he usually had with his exhibitions in St. Petersburg and other cities of Russia, sometimes leaving abroad. During his long life, Ayvazovsky made a number of travel: he visited Italy several times, Paris and other European cities, worked in the Caucasus, walked to the shores of Malaya Asia, was in Egypt, and at the end of life, in 1898, journey to America. During marine swimming, he enriched his observations, and drawings accumulated in his folders. The artist spoke of his creative method: "A man who is not gifted by memory that preserves the impressions of wildlife, can be an excellent copywriter, a living photographic apparatus, but the true artist is never. The movements of the living elements are elusive for the brush: to write zipper, impulse wind, a wave splash - unthinkable with nature. The plot of the paintings is made in my memory as the plot of poems at the poet ... ".
Meeting of fishermen on the shore of the Naples Bay 1842 58x85
"Meeting of fishermen"
Canvas, oil. 58 x 85 cm
State Tretyakov Gallery
"Gatefere on the sea at night"
1843
Canvas, oil 73 x 112
State Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Tatarstan
Kazan
Russia
"Venetian lagoon. View of San George Island »
1844
Tree, oil. 22.5 x 34.5 cm
State Tretyakov Gallery
Mill on the seashore 1851 50x57
"Sunrise in Feodosia"
1855
Canvas, oil 82 x 117
Yerevan
"Georgievsky monastery. Cape Fiolent
1846
Canvas, oil 122,5 x 192.5
Theodosi art gallery. I. K. Ayvazovsky
Feodosia
Odessa View in Moon Night
1846
122 x 190 cm
Canvas, oil
Romanticism, realism
Russia
"View of Odessa from the sea"
1865
Canvas, oil 45 x 58
State Picture Gallery of Armenia
Yerevan
The painting of the Ayvazovsky fortieth-fifties is marked by the strong impact of the romantic traditions of K. P. Bryullov, who were told on the picturesque artist's skills. Like the Bullette, he seeks to create a grandiose colorful canvase. This was very brightly affected in the battle painting "Chesmen fight", written by him in 1848, dedicated to an outstanding seabed. The fight is depicted at night. In the depths of the bay, the burning ships of the Turkish fleet are visible, one of them - at the time of the explosion. Flame and smoke covered in the air, the wreckage of the ship is flying into the glowing bonfire. In the foreground, the flagship of the Russian fleet, to which, salute, is suitable for a dark silhouette, a boat with a team of Lieutenant Ilina, who exploded his brand among Turkish flotilla. On the water you can distinguish the wreckage of Turkish vessels with groups of sailors that appeal about help, and other details.
"Chesmen fight on June 25-26, 1770"
1848
Canvas, oil 220 x 188
Theodosi art gallery. I. K. Ayvazovsky
Feodosia
View of the Black Sea Fleet in 1849
1886 131x249.
"Brig Mercury, attacked by two Turkish ships"
1892
Canvas, oil
"Brig" Mercury "after the victory over the two Turkish courts, is found with the Russian squadron"
1848
Canvas, oil 123 x 190
State Russian Museum
St. Petersburg
"Storm at sea at night"
1849
Canvas, oil 89 x 106
Palaces Museums and Pets Petrodvorez
Peterhof, Leningrad region
The contribution of Aivazovsky to battle painting is significant. He captured the episodes of Sevastopol defense, repeatedly applied to the heroic feats of the Russian Navy: "Every victory of our troops on land or at sea," the artist wrote, "he pleases me as Russian in the soul, and gives a thought as an artist to portray it on The canvas ... "
"Storm"
1850
Canvas, oil 82 x 117
State Picture Gallery of Armenia
Yerevan
Aivazovsky was the last and most striking representative of the romantic direction in Russian painting. Its best romantic works of the second half of the 40s - 50s are: "Storm on the Black Sea" (1845), "Georgievsky Monastery" (1846), "Entrance to Sevastopol Bay" (1851).
Entrance to Sevastopol Bay 1852
View of Constantinople during lunar lighting
1846
124 x 192 cm
Canvas, oil
Romanticism, realism
Russia
St. Petersburg. State Russian Museum
View of the Leander Tower in Constantinople
1848
Canvas, oil
58 x 45.3.
Tretyakov Gallery
The largest marine in the Russian painting of the XIX century I.K. Ayvazovsky traveled a lot and often included images of famous architectural structures in their sea landscapes. The tower captured in the XII century, captured in the XII century) in the XII century on a small cliff at the entrance to the Stambul Harbor strait and has long served as a lighthouse and the mooring vehicle. As a lighthouse, it is used and so on. The tower rises against the background of a golden sky, the rays of the setting sun paint the surface of sea water into pearl tones, and the silhouettes of the buildings of an ancient city appear in the silhouettes. Soft sunlight romantizes the landscape created by the artist.
"Moonlight night"
1849
Canvas, oil 123 x 192
State Russian Museum
St. Petersburg
Sunset at the sea
1856
121,5x188.
"Night in the Crimea. View of Ayudag »
1859
Canvas, oil 63 x 83
Odessa Art Museum
Odessa
Storm
1857
100x49.
The fifties are connected with the Crimean War of 1853 - 1856. As soon as Ivazovsky reached the Sinopian battle, he immediately went to Sevastopol, asked the participants of the battle of all the circumstances of the case. Soon in Sevastopol there were two pictures of Aivazovsky, depicting the Sinop combat at night and during the day. Admiral Nakhimov, highly appreciating the work of Aivazovsky, especially the night battle, said: "The picture is extremely true."
"SOINSKY FIGHTING (DAY ORDER OPTION)"
1853
Canvas, oil
"SOFNG FIGHT 18 November 1853 (night after the fight)"
1853
Canvas, oil. 220 x 331 cm
Central Military Museum
Capturing a steamer "Russia" of the Turkish Military Transport "Messina" on the Black Sea on December 13, 1877
Battleship of the Vesta steamer with Turkish battleship "Feheti Buland" in the Black Sea July 11, 1877
In the work of Aivazovsky, you can meet pictures for a wide variety of topics, for example, images of the nature of Ukraine. He loved the boundless Ukrainian steppes and inspired them in his works ("Chumatsky Magazine" (1868), "Ukrainian Landscape" (1868)), while approaching the landscape of the masters of Russian ideological realism. In this attachment to Ukraine, the proximity of Aivazovsky to Gogol, Shevchenko, Sternberg played its role.
Chumaks on vacation
1885
Towing in Steppe
"Ukrainian landscape with plague in the moon"
1869
Canvas, oil. 60 x 82 cm
State Tretyakov Gallery
Windmills in the Ukrainian film at sunset
1862 51x60
"Otar sheep in a storm"
1861
Canvas, oil 76 x 125
Assembly A. Shaginyan
New York
Neighborhood Yalta at night
1866
Neighborhood Yalta
1863
20.2x28.
Storm on the North Sea
1865 269x195
Sunset on the sea
1866
Moonlight on Bosphorus
1894 49.7x75.8.
After a storm. Moon rise
1894 41x58.
"View of the sea from the mountains at sunset"
1864
Canvas, oil 122 x 170
State Russian Museum
St. Petersburg
"Global flood"
1864
Canvas, oil 246.5 x 369
State Russian Museum
St. Petersburg
"The death of Pompeii"
1889
Canvas, oil 128 x 218
Rostov Regional Museum of Fine Arts
Rostov
to be continued...
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The biography of Aivazovsky, like any creator, is full of interesting events, extraordinary people who met on the life path of the artist and faith in their talent.
Ivan Konstantinovich was born 17 (29) of July 1817 in Feodosia. As a child, Ivan was identified with music and drawing abilities. The first lessons of artistic skill were given to him by the famous Feodosi architect, Ya.Kh.kom.
Becoming a graduate of the school, Aivazovsky entered Simferopol gymnasium. After its end, on the protection of the Feodosi Gradorchlik, A.I.Kaznachayev, the future artist was credited to the Metropolitan Imperial Academy of Arts.
Further learning
In August 1833, Aivazovsky arrived in St. Petersburg. He studied from such masters like M. Vorobiev, F.Tanner, A.I. Cheeperweed. His paintings written during training were awarded a silver medal. Aivazovsky was such a gifted student that he was released from the Academy for 2 years ahead of time. For independent creativity, Ivan Konstantinovich was sent first in his native Crimea, and then into a foreign business trip for 6 years.
Crimean European period
In the spring of 1838, Aivazovsky went to the Crimea. There he created marine landscapes, engaged in battle painting. In Crimea, he stayed 2 years. Then, together with V.Sternberg, his companion on the landscape class, the artist went to Rome. On the way, they visited Florence and Venice, where the acquaintance of Aivazovsky with N.Gogol.
Anyone who is interested in the biography of Aivazovsky, should know that he acquired his player writing paintings in southern Italy. Many of the European periods were awarded the praise of such a mastted criticism as W.Terner. In 1844, Aivazovsky arrived in Russia.
Recognition of talent
1844 was a landmark for the artist. He became the main painter of the Russian Chief Maritime Staff. After 3 years, he was assigned the title of professor at the Academy of Arts St. Petersburg. For children interested in the life of the Great Artist, it is important to know that its main works are the paintings "Ninth Val" and "Black Sea".
But the battles and marine landscapes did not limit his work. He created a series of Crimean and Ukrainian landscapes, wrote several historical canvases. In just every life, Aivazovsky wrote more than 6,000 caved.
In 1864 the artist became an offacarious nobleman. He was also awarded the rank of a valid secret advisor. This title corresponded to Admiral.
Family artist
Aivazovsky's personal life was not rich. He married twice. The first marriage was concluded in 1848. The spouse of the artist became Yu.A. Grevs. Four daughters were born from this marriage. The happy union was not, and after 12 years, the spouses broke up. The main reason for separation was that Grevs, unlike his spouse, sought to live a secular life in the capital.
The second wife of Ayvazovsky became A.N. Sarkisov-Burrzanyan. She was younger than Aivazovsky for 40 years and survived it for 44 years.
Death
Aivazovsky died suddenly at night from hemorrhage to the brain on April 19 (May 2) 1900, in Feodosia. On the easel, the painting "Explosion of the ship" remained an unaccepting picture, which worked on the day before. He was buried in the Armenian Church of Surb Sarkis.
Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky - the world-famous Russian marinist artist, the battalist, collector, patron. The most outstanding artist of Armenian origin of the XIX century. Brother of the Armenian historian and Archbishop AAC Gabriela Aivazovsky.
Biography Ivana Aivazovsky
Born Ivan on July 29, 1817 in Feodosia. The first years of the biography of Aivazovsky passed in poverty as a result of the ruin of the Father. But all, he managed to enroll in the gymnasium of Simferopol. Pacely painting led him to the walls of the Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg, in which he studied from recognized masters. After graduating from the Academy traveled a lot in Europe. In 1847, in his biography, Ivan Aivazovsky became a professor of the Art Academy of St. Petersburg.
The most successful Aivazovsky was in marine landscapes. And since 1844, he was even an artist of the Maritime Staff. Also in the biography of Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky his own school of art was opened. Among the most famous pictures - "Ninth Val", "Black Sea". However, Aivazovsky wrote the canvas not only on marine topics. Among his other series of paintings: Caucasian, Ukrainian landscapes, Armenian history, Crimean war. For his biography, Ivan Aivazovsky created about six thousand works.
Ninth Tree Black Sea
In addition, the biography of the artist Aivazovsky has always been time for socially useful events. So Ivan Konstantinovich actively helped the development of his hometown - Feodosia. Built there the Museum of Antiquity, founded the art gallery, contributed to the laying of the railway track in Janka.
Colleagues-artists about Iivazovsky
Ivan Kramskaya claimed that Aivazovsky "There is a star of the first magnitude in any case and not only with us, but in the history of art in general." The great English landscape officer William Turner devotes him a poem and calls the genius.
Creativity Aivazovsky
Esivazovsky not only in Russia used, but also in Turkey. His acquaintance with the Ottoman Empire began in 1845. The Mediterranean Geographical Expedition under the leadership of F. P. Litke, which included Ivan Konstantinovich, went to the shores of Turkey and Malaya Asia. Then Istanbul conquered the artist. After the end of the expedition, they were written a large number of works, including with the views of the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
After the end of the war in 1856, along the way from France, where his work was exhibited at the international exhibition, Iivazovsky visited Istanbul a second time. He was warmly met by the local Armenian diaspora, as well as, on the protection of the court architect Sarkis Balyan, was adopted by Sultan Abdul-Medzhide I. By that time, the Sultan's collection had already had one picture of Aivazovsky. In addition to his work, Sultan was awarded Ivan Konstantinovich by the Order of Nishan Ali, IV degree.
Pictures I. K. Aivazovsky, who were in Turkey, were repeatedly exhibited in various exhibitions. In 1880, an exhibition of artist pictures was held in the Russian embassy building. Upon its end, Sultan Abdul-Hamid II was awarded I. K. Aivazovsky diamond medal.
In 1881, the owner of the artistic store Ulman Humbach conducted an exhibition of the works of famous masters: Wang Dequean, Rembrandt, Breaguga, Aivazovsky, Zheroma. In 1882, an art exhibition of I. K. Aivazovsky and Turkish artist Oskan Efendi took place. The exhibitions had a huge success.
In 1888, another exhibition was held in Istanbul, organized by Levon Mazirov (nephew I. K. Ayvazovsky), on which 24 paintings of the artist were presented. Half fees from her went to charitable goals. Just during these years, the first release of the Ottoman Academy of Arts.
In the works of graduates of the Academy, the manner of the Iivazovsky's letter is traced: "The death of the Ertugrull ship" in Tokyo Gulf "Artist Osman Nuri Pasha, the picture" ship "Ali Gemal, some Marina Diyarbakyr Takhsin.
In 1890 there was the last trip Ivan Konstantinovich to Istanbul. He visited the Armenian Patriarchate and the Palace of Jyldyz, where he left his paintings as a gift. In this arrival, he was awarded the Sultan Abdul-Hamid II of the Order of Medzhidiya I degree.
Currently, several famous paintings by Aivazovsky are located in Turkey. In the Military Museum in Istanbul there is a picture of 1893 "The ship on the Black Sea", the picture of 1889. "Ship and boat" is stored in one of the private collections. In the residence of the President of Turkey, there is a picture "Sunning during the Storm Ship" (1899).
Ivan Aivazovsky began to draw from an early age. In the role of the canvas, there were fences, houses, albums and even sand. Once the drawings in the city saw the local governor, who was so amazed by the talent of the boy, which demanded from subordinates to find it to get acquainted. Some time later, the future world-famous artist entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts with this person.
The artist never in life was a free creator. By occupying the position of the artist in the Main Maritime Staff, he was constantly going to the battleships for the operational image of the fighting, because to capture them in those days they could exclusively painters. At the same time, many paintings were written from eyewitness stories.
Ivan Konstantinovich was a very workable person, the evidence of what is more than 6,000 written paintings.
Ivazovsky believed that the ability to write in memory distinguishes the real artist from the unreal:
"The painter, only copying nature, becomes her slave. A person who is not gifted by memory that keeps the impression of wildlife can be an excellent copywriter, a living photographic apparatus, but a true artist - never. The movements of the living elements are elusive for the brush: to write zipper, glowing wind, a wave splash is unthinkable with nature. "
The windows of the Aivazovsky workshop looked in the direction of the courtyard, so the sea was not visible with them. He wrote his marins by memory, exclusively by exactly the various states of the sea.
Aivazovsky often came to his brother on the island of St. Lazarus. There he stayed exclusively in the room of George Bairon.
The most expensive among all pictures of Aivazovsky became "View of Constantinople and Bosphorus", bought in 2012 at the British Auction Sotheby's for 3 million 230 thousand pounds of sterling, which translated into rubles is more than 153 million.
Staying in Italy, the painter created the picture "Chaos. The creation of the world, "which produced such a furor, that in the consequence was acquired by the Roman Pontiff, who was awarded his gold medal.
Bibliography and filmography
Bibliography
- AIVAZOVSKY. LENINGRAD, AURORA ART PUBLISHERS, 1989.
- Ivan Constantinovich Aivazovski. Publishing house "Art", Moscow, 1965.
- Igor Dolgopolov, Masters and masterpieces. Publishing House "Fine Arts", Moscow, 1987.
- Popular art encyclopedia. Publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia", Moscow, 1986.
- Aivazovsky. Documents and materials. - Yerevan, 1967.
- Barsamov N. S. I. K. Aivazovsky. 1817-1900. - M., 1962.
- Wagner L., Grigorovich N. Ayvazovsky. - M., 1970.
- Sargsyan M. Life of the Great Marinist. - Yerevan, 1990 (on Arm. Yaz.).
- Churak G. I. Aivazovsky. - M., 2000.
- Khachatryan Sh. Aivazovsky famous and unknown. - Samara, 2000.
- Un PEINTRE RUSSE SUR LA RIVIERA: AIVAZOVSKY PAR GUILLAUME ARAL ET ALEX BENVENUTO, LOU SOURGENTIN N ° 192, Nice, Juin 2010 (FR.)
Quote Close-up V.V.
... Since then, I know that Ivazovsky is not just not just that the artist of the Chief Maritime Staff had a secret in his pocket, with which he knew how to make water on the canvas wet ...
- Understand V.V. Salid ice. In the storm and calm // Collected Works in 7 volumes (8 books). - St. Petersburg. : International Foundation "300 YEARS KRONSTADTU - Renaissance Shynign", 2001-2003. - T. 2. - 471 p.
Filmography
- 1983. "Aivazovsky and Armenia" (documentary);
- In 2000, the Russian Museum and Studio "Square film" created the film "Ivan Aivazovsky".
- There is also a plot about the artist in the project "Russian Empire"
When writing this article, materials of such sites were used:ru.wikipedia.org. , .
If you found inaccuracies, or want to add this article, send us information to the email address [Email Protected]website, we and our readers will be very grateful to you.
Ivan Aivazovsky - genius. His paintings are genuine masterpieces. And not even from the technique of execution. The first plan here comes to surprisingly truthful mapping of the fine nature of the water element. Naturally, a desire arises to understand the nature of the genius of Aivazovsky.
Any part of the fate was the right and insensitive addition to his talent. In this article, we will try to open the doors to the amazing world of one of the most famous marinists in History - Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky.
It goes without saying that world-class painting suggests a large talent. But the mansion always stood marinist artists. Transfer the aesthetics of "big water" difficult. The complexity here is primarily in the fact that it is on the canvases depicting the sea, the falsity is most clearly felt.
Famous paintings by Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky
The most interesting thing for you!
Family and native city
Ivan's father was a human sociable, enterprising and capable. For a long time he lived in Galicia, later moved to Valachia (modern Moldova). Perhaps for some time he traveled with the Gypsy Tabor, because Konstantin spoke of Gypsy. In addition to him, by the way, this curious person owned Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Turkish.
In the end, fate brought him to Feodosia, which quite recently received the status of Porto Franco. The city in which the 350 residents recently lived recently developed into a lively shopping center with a population of several thousand people.
From all south of the Russian Empire, cargoes were delivered to the Feodosiy port, and the goods from sunny Greece and Bright Italy took place. Konstantin Grigorievich, poor, but enterprising successfully engaged in trade and married Armenian named Ripsema. A year later, they were born the son of Gabriel. Konstantin and Ripsey were happy and even began to think about changing housing - a small house built on arrival in the city became cramped.
But soon the Patriotic War of 1812 began, and after her, the plague epidemic came to the city. At the same time, another son was born in the family - Gregory. Constantine's affairs went downstairs, he broke. The need was so great that almost all valuable things had to sell from the house. Father of the family engaged in heavy affairs. He was very helped by his beloved wife - repression was a skillful needlewoman and often nights stretched in order to later sell their products and support the family.
On July 17, 1817, Hovhannes appeared on the world, who became the famous world under the name Ivan Aivazovsky (he changed only in 1841, but we will call Ivan Konstantinovich so now, after all, he became famous as Aivazovsky). It is impossible to say that his childhood was like a fairy tale. The family was poor and already at 10 Yovannes went to work a coffee shop. The elder brother by that time left to study in Venice, and the average just received education in the county school.
Despite the work, the soul of the future artist is truly blooming in the beautiful southern city. Not surprising! Feodosia, despite all the efforts of fate, did not want to lose their brightness. Armenians, Greeks, Turks, Tatars, Russians, Ukrainians - Meszanin traditions, morals, languages \u200b\u200bcreated a colorful background of Feodosian life. But in the foreground was, of course, the sea. It is it that brings the very color that it will not be able to recreate artificially.
Incredible luck Vanya Aivazovsky
Ivan was a very capable child - he himself learned to play the violin and began to draw. The first easel was the wall of the father's house, instead of the canvas he was content with the plaster, and the brush replaced a piece of coal. An amazing boy noticed a couple of prominent benefactors at once. First, the Feodosian architect Yakov Christian Koh drew attention to the drawings of unusual skills.
He gave Vane's first visual art lessons. Later, having heard the game of Ayvazovsky on the violin, Him became interested in Grador Alexander Ivanovich Treaschaev. There was a funny story - when Koh decided to imagine a small artist Kaznowicheev, he was already familiar with him. Thanks to the patronage of Alexander Ivanovich, in 1830 Vanya enters Simferopol lyceum.
The next three years have become an important milestone in the life of Aivazovsky. Studying in a lyceum, he was distinguished from other completely unimaginable talent for drawing. The boy was hard - longing the longing of native and, of course, the sea. But he retained old dating and started new, no less useful. At first they were transferred to Simferopol Treaschaez, and later Ivan became in the house of Natalia Fedorovna Naryshkina. The boy was allowed to use books and engravings, he constantly worked, looking for new plots and techniques. Every day the skill of genius grew.
The notable patrons of the Talent of Aivazovsky decided to apply for his admission to the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, sent the best drawings to the capital. After reviewing them, President of the Academy Aleksey Nikolaevich Olenin wrote the Minister of the courtyard, Prince Volkonsky:
"Young Guyvazovsky, judging by his drawing, has an extraordinary location to the composition, but as he, being in the Crimea, could not be prepared there to draw and painting, so that not only to be sent to other regions and learn there without leadership, but even So, to enroll in full-time academists of the Imperial Academy of Arts, because on the basis of § 2nd adding to the establishments, it must have at least 14 years.
To draw well, at least from the original human figure, draw the order of architecture and have preliminary information in the sciences, then in order not to deprive the young man of the case and ways to develop and improve its natural abilities to the art, I believed the only one for the highest Locked on the definition of it to the Academy by a pensioner of his imperial majesty with production for its maintenance and other 600 r. From the Cabinet of His Majesty so that he was brought here on the execution account. "
The permissions that Olenin asked was received when Volkonsky showed drawings to Emperor Nicholas personally. July 22. St. Petersburg Academy of Arts took on the training of a new student. Childhood ended. But Aivazovsky rode to St. Petersburg without fear - rightly felt that there were brilliant accomplishments in artistic genius.
Big city - great opportunities
St. Petersburg period of the life of Aivazovsky is interesting at once for several reasons. Of course, an important role was played by training at the Academy. Ivan's talent was complemented by such the necessary academic lessons. But in this article, I want to tell about the circle of communication of the young artist. Truly, Aivazovsky has always been lucky on acquaintances.
Peterburg Aivazovsky arrived in August. And although he was heard about terrible St. Petersburg dampness and cold, in the summer nothing was felt. Ivan walked around the city all day. Apparently, the soul of the artist filled the longing of the usual south of the beautiful views of the city on the Neva. Especially Aivazovsky hit the Isaac Cathedral and a monument to Peter Great. The massive bronze figure of the first emperor of Russia caused the artist with genuine admiration. Still would! It was Peter who was obliged to existence this wonderful city.
Amazing talent and acquaintance with the Treaschair made ovansa favorite of the public. Moreover, this audience was very influential and helped young tissue more than once. Sparrow, the first teacher of Aivazovsky at the Academy immediately understood what talent he got. Undoubtedly, these creative people brought more music - Maxim Nikiforovich, as well as his student, also played a violin.
But over time, it became obvious that the Aivazovsky perception of Vorobyov. Then he was directed as a student to the French Marinist Philip Tanner. But with a foreigner, Ivan did not grow up with the characters and because of the disease (either fictional, or the real one) left him. Instead, he began working on a series of paintings for the exhibition. And it should be recognized, the canvas he created impressive. It was then that in 1835 he receives a silver medal for the work of the Etude of Air over the sea and "view of the seaside in the vicinity of St. Petersburg."
But alas, the capital was not only a cultural center, but also an epicenter of intrigues. Tanner complained to the authorities on the recalcitrant Aivazovsky, they say, what is his student during illness during illness? Nikolai і, a well-known adherent of discipline, personally ordered to remove the pictures of a young artist from the exhibition. It was a very painful blow.
Aivazovsky was not allowed to Handar - the entire public of Yaros was opposed to a non-profitable opal. Olenin, Zhukovsky, court artist Zaerweide petitioned Ivan's forgiveness. The wings himself personally came to console ovansa: "- What. Brother, French offends? Eh, what he is ... Well, God is with him! Do not be sad!..". In the end, justice triumphed - the emperor forgave the young artist and ordered to issue a reward.
In many ways, thanks to Cheerway, Ivan was able to pass the summer practice on the ships of the Baltic Fleet. Created only a hundred years ago, the fleet was already a formidable force of the Russian state. And, of course, for a novice marinist could not be found more necessary, useful and pleasant practitioners.
Write ships without the slightest idea of \u200b\u200btheir device - a crime! Ivan did not begged to communicate with the sailors, to carry out minor instructions of officers. And in the evenings, he played for the team on his beloved violin - in the middle of a cold baltic was heard the charming sound of the Black Sea South.
Charming artist
All this time, Aivazovsky did not stop correspondence with his old benefactor treasurers. It was thanks to him, Ivan began to enter the houses of Alexey Romanovich Tomilov and Alexander Arkadyevich Suvorov-Ramnica, the grandson of the famous commander. At the cottage, Tomilovy Ivan even spent the summer vacation. It was then that Aivazovsky got acquainted with Russian nature, unusual for Yazhnina. But the heart of the artist perceives beauty in any of her form. Every day, spent by Ayvazovsky in St. Petersburg or the surrounding area, added something new to the world weight of the future maestro of painting.
In the house of Tomilov, the color of the then intelligentsia was gathered - Mikhail Glinka, Orest Cyprosen, Nestor Dollman, Vasily Zhukovsky. Evenings in such a company were extremely interesting for the artist. The senior comrades of Aivazovsky accepted him in his circle without problems. Democratic tendencies of the intelligentsia and the extraordinary gifting of the young man allowed him to take a worthy place in the company of friends Tomilov. In the evenings, Aivazovsky often played a violin on a special, oriental manner - superposed the tool in his knee or putting it the end. Glinka even included in his opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" a small passage, played by Aivazovsky.
It is known that Ayvazovsky was familiar with Pushkin and loved his poetry very much. The death of Alexander Sergeevich was very painfully perceived by ovhannes, later he specially came to Gurzuf, exactly where the Great Poet spent time. No less important for Ivan was a meeting with Carl Bullylov. Recently finished work on the web "Last Day Pompeii", he came to Petersburg and each of the students of the Academy would passionately wanted that Bullylov was his mentor.
Aivazovsky Pupil Bryullova was not, but often communicated with him personally, and Karl Pavlovich celebrated the talent of ovansa. Nestor Dollman dedicated to Aivazovsky's extensive article at the insistence of Bryllov. An experienced painter saw that the subsequent training at the Academy would be for Ivan Rather Regress - there were no teachers who could give something new to the young artist.
He proposed to the Council of the Academy to reduce the term of training Aivazovsky and send it abroad. Moreover, the new Marina "Shtil" won the gold medal at the exhibition. And this reward just gave the right to travel abroad.
But instead of Venice and Dresden, ovansa sent for two years to the Crimea. Hardly Aivazovsky was not happy - he will again be at home!
Relaxation…
In the spring of 1838, Aivazovsky arrives in Feodosia. Finally, he saw a family, a favorite city and, of course, the South Sea. Of course, Baltika has its charm. But for Aivazovsky, the Black Sea will always be the source of the brightest inspiration. Even after such a long separation with relatives, the artist puts jobs in the first place.
It finds time for communicating with mother, father, sisters and brother - all sincerely proud of ovanes, the most promising artist of St. Petersburg! At the same time, Aivazovsky works hard. He writes the cloth for hours, and after the tired goes to the sea. Here he may feel the mood, then the elusive excitement, which from the small years caused the Black Sea in it.
Soon, the Treaschair came to visit the Aivazovsky. On a par with his parents, Jovarem's success was happy and the first thing I asked to show his new drawings. Seeing wonderful works, he did not hide the artist with himself, on a trip to the southern coast of Crimea.
Of course, after such a long separation, it was unpleasant after such a long separation, but the desire to feel the native Crimea translated. Yalta, Gurzuf, Sevastopol - everywhere found Aivazovsky material for new canvases. Treaschairs who served in Simferopol, urged the artist to visit, but he again and again grief benefactor refusal - work above all.
... before the fight!
At this time, Aivazovsky met another wonderful person. Nikolai Nikolayevich Raevsky - a traveler, an outstanding commander, son of Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky, the hero of the defense of Raevsky's battery in the Borodino battle. Lieutenant-General participated in Napoleonic wars, Caucasian campaigns.
These two unlike the first glance of people near the love of Pushkin. Aivazovsky, from the small years, admired by the poetic genius of Alexander Sergeyevich, found in Rajevsky soul. Long exciting conversations about the poet ended completely unexpectedly - Nikolay Nikolayevich suggested Aivazovsky to accompany him in the sea hike to the shores of the Caucasus and look at the landing of the Russian landing. It was an invaluable opportunity to see something new, and even on such a beloved Black Sea. Ovanes immediately agreed.
Of course, this trip was important in terms of creativity. But here were invaluable meetings, they would be a crime. At the steamer "Kolkhida", Aivazovsky met with Lvir Sergeevich Pushkin, Alexander's brother. Later, when the steamer joined the main squadron, Ivan got acquainted with people who were an inexhaustible source of inspiration for the Marinistered Artist.
Going from "Colchis" to the Sistorian battleship, Aivazovsky was represented by Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. The hero of Russia, the participant in the famous Navarrian battle and the discoverer of Antarctica, Novator and the competent commander, he was vividly interested in Aivazovsky and personally suggested that the "Silistria" to study the subtleties of the Fleet, which would undoubtedly come in handy in his work. It would seem wherever: Lion Pushkin, Nikolay Raevsky, Mikhail Lazarev - some of the whole life will not meet even one person of this scale. But Aivazovsky has completely different fate.
Later, he was introduced to Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov, the captain of the "Silibor", the future commander of the Russian fleet in the Sinopsky battle and the organizer of the heroic defense of Sevastopol. In this brilliant company, the young University, the future Vice Admiral and the captain of the famous sailboat "Twelve Apostles", was completely untared. Aivazovsky worked with a completely special passion these days: the situation was unique. Warm environment, favorite Black Sea and elegant ships, which could be studied how much soul wishes.
But the time of landing came. Aivazovsky personally wanted to take part in it. At the last moment they found that the artist was completely unarmed (still!) And he was given a couple of pistols. So Ivan and descended into the landing boat - with a portfolio for papers and paints and pistols at the belt. Although his boat, among the first, moored to the shore, did not watch the Aivazovsky fight. A few minutes after the disembarkation was injured, the friend of the artist - Michman Fredericks. Without finding a doctor, Ivan himself puts the wounded help, and then he supplements on the ship on the boat. But after returning to the coast, Ayvazovsky sees that the battle almost ended. He did not make a minute for a minute. However, let us give the floor to the artist, who in the journal "Kievskaya Starina" described the landing of almost forty years later - in 1878:
"... Coast, illuminated by the setting sun, forest, distant mountains, fleet, standing on anchor, boats dancing around the sea, support a message with the shore ... Moving the forest, I went to the glade; Here is a painting of recreation after a recent combat alarm: a group of soldiers sitting on the drums officers, the corpses of those killed and who came for harvesting their Circassian sorts. Deploying the portfolio, I armed with a pencil and began to draw one group. At this time, some Circassian took the briefcase from my hands, it suffered to show my drawing to his. Did he like the mountaineers - I do not know; I only remember that Circass returned to me a drawing with poured in the blood ... This "local color" remained on it, and for a long time shore is a tangible memory of the expedition ... ".
What words! The artist saw everything - shore, the setting sun, forest, mountains and, of course, ships. A little later, he wrote one of his best works "Truck at Subasha". But this genius threatened mortal danger during landing! But fate was shouted for further accomplishments. During the holiday of Aivazovsky, there was still a journey through the Caucasus, and intense work on the transformation of etudes into real web. But he coped with honor. As always, however.
Hi, europe!
Returning to St. Petersburg, Aivazovsky received the title of artist 14 class. Education at the Academy ended, ovanen overgrown with all his teachers and was given the opportunity to travel in Europe, naturally, with state content. He lealed with a light soul: earnings allowed to help parents, and live himself quite comfortable. And although at first Aivazovsky was supposed to visit Berlin, Vienna, Trieste, Dresden - most of all he was drawn to Italy. There was such a favorite southern sea and the elusive magic of the Apennine. In July 1840, Ivan Aivazovsky with his friend and Slashnik, Vasily Sternberg went to Rome.
This trip to Italy was very useful for Aivazovsky. He received a unique opportunity to study the work of great Italian masters. For hours, he was idle by the clouel, painted them, trying to understand the secret mechanism that Rafael's creations and Botichelli masterpieces. I tried to be in many interesting places, for example, the house of Columbus in Genoa. And what kind of landscapes he found! Apennines reminded Ivan his native Crimea, but with her, another charm.
Yes, and the feelings of kinship with the ground was not. But how many opportunities for creativity! And Aivazovsky has always enjoyed the opportunities to him provided. The level of artist's skill is eloquently, a remarkable fact: the painting "chaos" wanted to buy the Pope himself. Who is who, and the pontiff is used to get only the best! A threatening artist refused to pay, just giving "Chaos" Grigory XVI. Dad did not leave him without award, handing a gold medal. But the main thing is the effect of a gift in the world of painting - the name of Aivazovsky thundered to the whole of Europe. In the first, but not the last time.
In addition to work, however, Ivan had another reason to visit Italy, more precisely, Venice. It is there on the island of St. Lazaror lived and his brother Gabriel worked. Staying in San of Archimandrite, he was engaged in research work and teaching. The meeting of the brothers was held warm, Gabriel asked a lot about Feodosia and parents. But soon they broke up. The next time they will meet in Paris in a few years. Rome Aivazovsky met Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and Alexander Andreevich Ivanov. Even here, on someone else's land, Ivan managed to find the best representatives of the Land Russian!
In Italy, the exhibitions of Pictures of Aivazovsky took place. The public invariably came to admiration and was vividly interested in this young Russian, who managed to convey all the warmth of the south. All more often Aivazovsky began to recognize on the streets, come to him in the workshop and order work. "Neapolitan Bay", "Views of Vesuviy on the Lunar Night", "View of the Venetian Lagoon" - these masterpieces were the quintessence of the Italian spirit of the Iivazovsky's soul. In April 1842, he refers part of the paintings in Petrburg and notifies the venison about the intention to visit France and the Netherlands. Ivan no longer asks permission to travel - he has enough money, he loudly declared himself and will be welcome in any country. Requests only about one thing - that his sorry sent mothers.
Pictures of Aivazovsky were presented at the exhibition in Louvre and were so struck by the French that he was awarded the Golden Medal of the French Academy. But he did not limit himself with one France: England, Spain, Portugal, Malta - everywhere, where you could see such an expensive to the heart of the sea, the artist visited. The exhibitions enjoyed success and Aivazovsky unanimously showered critics and inexperienced visitors with compliments. There was no longer a shortage of money, but Aivazovsky lived modestly, given to work fully.
Artist of the Main Maritime Staff
Not wanting to delay your voyage, already in 1844 he returns to St. Petersburg. On July 1, he was awarded to the Order of St. Anne 3 degrees, and in September of the same year, Aivazovsky receives the title of Academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. In addition, it is ranked at the main sea office with the right wearing uniform! We know how the pita includes sailors to the honor of the uniform. And here it is worn by civilian, and also the artist!
Nevertheless, this appointment was welcomed in the headquarters, and Ivan Konstantinovich (it can already be called it - a world-famous artist, as-in no way!) Enjoy all possible privileges of this position. He demanded ships drawings, for him ship guns (so that he could consider the trajectory of the nucleus), Aivazovsky even participated in maneuvers in Finnish Bay! In short, I did not just served the number, but worked diligently and with the desire. Naturally, the canvas were also at the level. Soon the Pictures of Aivazovsky began to decorate the residence of the emperor, at home for nobility, government galleries and private collections.
The next year was very tense. In April 1845, Ivan Konstantinovich was included in the Russian delegation, which was sent to Constantinople. Having been in Turkey, Aivazovsky was fighting the beauties of Istanbul and the beautiful coast of Anatolia. After some time, he returned to Feodosia, where he bought a land plot and began to build his house-workshop, which designed personally. Many people do not understand the artist - the sovereign, a popular artist, why not live in the capital? Or abroad? Feodosia because wild wilderness! But Iivazovsky does not think so. He suits the exhibition of his paintings in a new-built house, which works in the bottom and Nostano. Many guests noted that despite the kind of household conditions, Ivan Konstantinovich was loyal and turned pale. But, in spite of everything, Aivazovsky finishes work and goes to Petersburg - he is still a serviceful person, it is impossible to treat this irresponsibly!
Love and War
In 1846, Aivazovsky arrived in the capital and stayed there for several years. The reason for this was the permanent exhibitions. With the frequency of half a year, they passed in St. Petersburg, then in Moscow in completely different places, then cash, then free. And at every exhibition was the presence of Aivazovsky. He received gratitude, visited the guest, took gifts and orders. Free time in this sustrone was rare. One of the most famous paintings was created - "Ninth Val".
But it is worth noting that Ivan traveled to Feodosia. The reason for this was archived - in 1848, Aivazovsky married. Suddenly? Until 31 years, the artist did not have a beloved - all his emotions and experiences remained on the canvases. And here such an unexpected step. However, Southern Blood is hot, and love, the thing is unpredictable. But even more surprisingly chosen by Aivazovsky - a simple maid of Julia Grace, Englishwoman, the daughter of Liebe Medica, who served the emperor Alexander.
Of course, this marriage did not pass the St. Petersburg unnoticed in the secular circles - many were surprised by the selection of the artist, many of him were frankly criticized. The charter, apparently, from close attention to his personal life, Aivazovsky with his wife and in 1852 leaves home in Crimea. An additional reason (or maybe the main one?) Was that first Daughter - Elenaalready at the age of three years, and second daughter - MariaRecently celebrated a year. In any case, Aivazovsky waited for Feodosia Feodosia.
At home, the artist is trying to organize art school, but receives a refusal of financing from the emperor. Instead, he, together with his wife, begins archaeological excavations. In 1852, the family is born third daughter - Alexander. Leaves Ivan Konstantinovich, of course, and work on the paintings. But in 1854, the landing land in the Crimea, Aivazovsky hops the family to Kharkov, and himself returns to the deposited Sevastopol to the long friend to Cornilov.
Kornilov orders the artist to leave the city, saving him from possible death. Aivazovsky obediences. Soon the war ends. For everyone, but not for Aivazovsky - he will still write brilliant paintings on the theme of the Crimean War.
Subsequent years are held in Skysotice. Aivazovsky regularly goes to the capital, engaged in the affairs of Feodosia, goes to Paris to a meeting with his brother, reveals the same school of art. In 1859 is born fourth daughter - Jeanne. But Aivazovsky is constantly busy. Despite the connectors, the creativity takes most of all. During this period, paintings are created on biblical topics, battle canvases that regularly appear at exhibitions - in Feodosia, Odessa, Taganrog, Moscow, St. Petersburg. In 1865, Aivazovsky receives the Order of St. Vladimir 3 degrees.
Admiral Aivazovsky
But Julia is dissatisfied. Why should her order? Ivan ignores her requests, she does not receive due attention and in 1866 refuses to return to Feodosia. The disintegration of the Aivazovsky family was experiencing hard, and to distract - everything goes to work. He writes paintings, traveling through the Caucasus, Armenia, pays all his free time to students of his artistic academy.
In 1869, he goes to the discovery, in the same year it arranges the next exhibition in St. Petersburg, and next one receives the title of a valid Stat adviser who corresponded to the rank of admiral. A unique case in Russian history! In 1872, he will have an exhibition in Florence to which he prepared for several years. But the effect exceeded all the expectations - he was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Fine Arts, and his self-portrait was decorated with the Gallery of Pitty Palace - Ivan Konstantinovich stood in one row with the best artists of Italy and the world.
A year later, setting the next exhibition in the capital, Aivazovsky leaves for Istanbul at the personal invitation of Sultan. This year was fruitful - 25 caved for Sultan was written! Sincerely admiring Turkish ruler, Peter Konstantinovich Ottore is the second degree. In 1875, Aivazovsky leaves Turkey and heads to St. Petersburg. But on the way, he visits Odessa - to see his wife and children. It was not necessary to wait for warmth from Julia to wait, he invites her with her daughter Jeanne next year to go to Italy. Wife accepts a proposal.
While traveling spouses attend Florence, Nice, Paris. Julia is nice to appear with her husband in secular receptions, Aivazovsky considers it secondary and devotes all his free time. Realizing that the former marital happiness is not to return, Aivazovsky asks the Church to break the marriage and in 1877 his request is satisfied.
Returning to Russia, he travels to Feodosiya along with his daughter Alexander, son-in-law Michael and the grandson of Nikolai. But Aivazovsky's children did not have to do in a new place - the next Russian-Turkish war began. Next year, the artist sends a daughter with her husband and her son to Feodosia, and himself goes abroad. For two years.
He will be in Germany and France, he will visit again, will prepare pictures for exhibitions in Paris and London. Constantly looking for promising artists from Russia, sending petitions to the Academy about their content. He painfully perceived the news of the death of Brother in 1879. In order not to Handing - the habit went to work.
Love in Feodosia and love for Feodosia
Returning to his homeland in 1880, Aivazovsky immediately rides the Feodosia and begins the construction of a special pavilion for the picture gallery. He spends a lot of time with the grandson of Misha, walking with him for a long time, gently puts an artistic taste. Every day, a few hours Aivazovsky dedicated to students of the Art Academy. It works inspired, with an extraordinary enthusiastic age. But it also requires a lot from students, strict with them and a few standing in Ivan Konstantinovich.
In 1882, an incomprehensible - 65-year-old artist married the second time! His choirs was 25-year-old Anna Nikitichna Bournazyan. Since Anna recently widowed (actually, it was at the funeral of her husband's husband, Aivazovsky drew attention to her), the artist had to wait a little before making a marriage proposal. January 30, 1882 of the Simferopol Sv. Assumption Church "Valid Stat Counselor I. K. Aivazovsky, divided by the decree of the Echmiadzin Sinoid dated May 30, 1877 N 1361 with the first wife from a legitimate marriage, he joined the right marriage with the wife of the Feodosiovsky merchant the widow of Anna MGRCHYAN Sarsisova, both Armenian-Gregorian confession. "
Soon, the spouses go to Greece, where Aivazovsky works again, including the portrait of his wife. In 1883, he constantly writes letters to the ministers, defending Feodosia and proving in every possible way that its location is best suited for the construction of the port, but a little later in the replacement of the urban priest. In 1887, the exhibition of paintings by the Russian artist takes place in Vienna, for which, right, he did not go, remaining in Feodosia. Instead, he gives all his free time with creativity, wife, disciples, builds the art gallery in Yalta. With Pompey, the 50th anniversary of Aivazovsky's artistic activity was celebrated. All the highest light of St. Petersburg came to welcome the professor of painting, which became one of the symbols of Russian art.
In 1888, Aivazovsky receives an invitation to visit Turkey, but does not go on political reasons. Nevertheless, several dozen of their paintings he sends to Istanbul, for which Sultan is in absentia by His Order of the first degree. A year later, the artist and his wife goes to a personal exhibition in Paris, where he was awarded the Order of the Foreign Legion. On the way back, the married couple still visits in so beloved Ivan Konstantinovich Istanbul.
In 1892, Aivazovsky marks 75. And he rides to America! The artist plans to refresh his impressions of the ocean, see the Niagar, visit New York, Chicago, Washington and present their paintings at the World Exhibition. And all this is the eighth ten! Well, sit yourself in the rank of Stat advisor in his native Feodosia surrounded by grandchildren and a young wife! No, Ivan Konstantinovich perfectly remembers, so that he rose so high. Diligence and fantastic dedication - without this, Aivazovsky will cease to be himself. However, he was not long in America for a long time and returned home in the same year. Returned to work. Such was Ivan Konstantinovich.
Wikipedia material - free encyclopedia:
After the end of the war in 1856, along the way from France, where his work was exhibited at the international exhibition, Iivazovsky visited Istanbul a second time. He was warmly met by the local Armenian diaspora, as well as, on the protection of the court architect Sarkis Balyan, was adopted by Sultan Abdul-Medzhide I. By that time, the Sultan's collection had already had one picture of Aivazovsky. In addition to his work, Sultan was awarded Ivan Konstantinovich by the Order of Nishan Ali, IV degree.
The third trip to Istanbul, at the invitation of the Armenian diaspora, I. K. Aivazovsky commits in 1874. In many artists, Istanbul, at the time, was influenced by the work of Ivan Konstantinovich. This is especially seen in M. Jivanian Marinister. Brothers Gevorc and Wagen Abdullahi, Melkop Telemaca, Hovsep Samandyjian, Mkrtych Melkishetykan remembered that Aivazovsky also had a significant impact on their work. One of the pictures of Aivazovskoy was presented by Sarkis Beey (Sarkis Balyan) Sultan Abdul-Aziz. The picture so much liked Sultan that he immediately ordered the artist 10 of the canvases with species of Istanbul and Bosphor. While working on this order, Aivazovsky was constantly in the Sultan Palace, made friends with him, as a result they were written not 10, and about 30 different canvases. Before the departure of Ivan Konstantinovich, an official reception was arranged to Padishah in honor of the award of his Order of Ottoman II.
After a year, Ayvazovsky again goes to Sultan and takes two paintings as a gift: "A view of St. Petersburg from the Saint Trinity Bridge" and "Winter in Moscow" (these pictures are currently being in the Collection of the Dolmabach Museum Collections).
Another war with Turkey ended in 1878. San Stefan Peace Treaty Signed in the Hall, the walls of which were decorated with paintings of the Russian artist. It was a symbol of future good relations between Turkey and Russia.
Pictures I. K. Aivazovsky, who were in Turkey, were repeatedly exhibited in various exhibitions. In 1880, an exhibition of artist pictures was held in the Russian embassy building. Upon its end, Sultan Abdul-Hamid II was awarded I. K. Aivazovsky diamond medal.
In 1881, the owner of the artistic store Ulman Humbach conducted an exhibition of the works of famous masters: Wang Dequean, Rembrandt, Breaguga, Aivazovsky, Zheroma. In 1882, an art exhibition of I. K. Aivazovsky and Turkish artist Oskan Efendi took place. The exhibitions had a huge success.
In 1888, another exhibition was held in Istanbul, organized by Levon Mazirov (nephew I. K. Ayvazovsky), on which 24 paintings of the artist were presented. Half fees from her went to charitable goals. Just during these years, the first release of the Ottoman Academy of Arts. In the works of graduates of the Academy, the manner of the Iivazovsky's letter is traced: "The death of the Ertugrull ship" in Tokyo Gulf "Artist Osman Nuri Pasha, the picture" ship "Ali Gemal, some Marina Diyarbakyr Takhsin.
In 1890 there was the last trip Ivan Konstantinovich to Istanbul. He visited the Armenian Patriarchate and the Palace of Jyldyz, where he left his paintings as a gift. In this arrival, he was awarded the Sultan Abdul-Hamid II of the Order of Medzhidiya I degree.
Currently, several famous paintings by Aivazovsky are located in Turkey. In the Military Museum in Istanbul there is a picture of 1893 "The ship on the Black Sea", the picture of 1889. "Ship and boat" is stored in one of the private collections. In the residence of the President of Turkey, there is a picture "Sunning during the Storm Ship" (1899).