Women Amazon tribes. Wild tribes Amazon
The exact amount of African nations is unknown, and ranges from five hundred to seven thousand. This is explained by the fuzziness of the criteria of separation, in which the inhabitants of two neighboring villages can attribute themselves to different peoples, without any particular differences. Scientists are inclined to figure 1-2 thousand to determine ethnic communities.
The main part of Africa's nation includes groups consisting of several thousand, and sometimes hundreds of people, but at the same time - does not exceed 10% of the total population of this continent. As a rule, such small ethnic groups are the wildest tribes. It is to such a group that refers, for example, the Mursi tribe.
Tribal Journeys EP 05 The Mursi:
Residing in the southwestern Ethiopia, on the border with Kenia and Sudan, who settled in Mago Park, the Mursi tribe is distinguished by unusually tough customs. They are rightfully nominated for the title: the most aggressive ethnic group.
Proposed to frequent alcohol consumption and uncontrolled application of weapons (everything is constantly carrying Calashnikov vehicles, or combat sticks). In fights, they often can score each other almost to a suicide state, trying to prove their primacy in the tribe.
Scientists refer to this tribe to a mutating disorder, with distinctive features in the form of low growth, wide bones and curves, low and strongly compressed LBs, flattened noses and pumped short necks.
In more public coming in contact with civilization, Mursi can not always see all these characteristic attributes, but the exotic appearance of their lower lip is a business card of the tribe.
The lower lip is cut back in childhood, the bores are inserted there, gradually increasing their diameter, and the "plate" from the burned clay - Dabebe, (up to 30 centimeters !!) is inserted into her. If Mursi girl does not make such a hole in the lip, then a very small redemption will give it.
When the plate is pulled out, the lip will unscrew the long circular harness. Almost all Mursi lacks front teeth, tongue-cracked before blood.
The second strange and frightening decoration of Women Mursi are Monista, which are scored from human phaling fingers (NEC). One person has only 28 such bones in their hands. Each necklace is its victims of five-sixas, some of the jewelry of "jewelry" monista wrap the neck into several rows, boldly brilliance and publishing a sweet-riveted smell of funeral human fat, which each bone rubs out daily. The source for the bead never dedicates: a priestess of the tribe for almost every misconduct is ready to deprive the hands of a man's hands who violated the law.
This tribe is made to make scarification (applying scars). Men can afford only after the first murder of someone from their enemies or ill-wishers.
Their religion - animism, deserves a longer and shocking story.
Briefly: Women are the priestess of death, so they give their husbands daily daily drugs and poisons. Antidote distributes the Supreme Priestess, but sometimes salvation comes not to all. In such cases, a white cross is drawn on a plate of widows, and it becomes a very distinguished member of the tribe, which is not eaten after death, and bury in the trunks of special ritual trees. The posture is made in such a priest due to the fulfillment of the Main Mission - the will of the God of the death of the Yamda, which they were able to fulfill destroying the physical body, and freed the highest spiritual essence from their man.
The rest of the dead is waiting for collective eating to the whole tribe. Soft fabrics are welded in the boiler, the bones are used for amples-amulets and thrown on the tops, to indicate dangerous places.
What seems very wild for Europeans for Mursi is commonplace and tradition.
Film: Shocking Africa (Shocking Africa). 18 ++ The exact name of the film - Nude Magic / Magia Nuda (Mondo Magic) 1975.
Film: In search of tribes of hunters E02 Hunting in Calahari. San tribe
Multiple Africa, in a huge territory of which in 61 countries, with a population of more than a billion people, surrounded by cities of civilized countries, more than 5 million people are still living in the secluded corners of this continent.
Members of these tribes do not recognize the achievements of the civilized world and are content with the modest benefits that they got from their ancestors. The wise huts, modest food and minimal clothes are satisfied, and they are not going to change this way.
African b ...
Of various tribes and nationalities in Africa about 3 thousand, but the exact amount of them is difficult to call, since most often they or tightly mixed with each other, or vice versa are radically separated. The population of some tribes is only a few thousand or even hundreds of people, and often inhabit a total of 1-2 villages. Because of this, there are adverbs and dialects on the territory of the African continent, which sometimes be able to use only representatives of a particular tribe. And the diversity of rituals, cultural systems, dances, customs and sacrifices is huge and surprising. In addition, the appearance of people of some tribes just amazes.
However, since they all dwell on one continent, all African tribes still have something in common. Some elements of culture are characteristic of all the nationalities living in this territory. One of the main defining features of African tribes is the orientation for the past, that is, the construction of the culture and life of ancestors.
Most African peoples denies all new and modern, closes in themselves. The strongest of all they are tied to constancy and invariance, including in everything related to everyday life, traditions and customs leading their existence from the great-grandfather.
It is difficult to imagine, but among them there are practically no those who would not have been engaged in natural economy or cattle breeding. Hunting, fishing or gathering is completely ordinary classes for them. Just as many centuries ago, the African tribes are fighting among themselves, marriages most often consist inside one tribe, interpretable marriages among them are rare. Of course, such a life is kept not one generation, each new child has to live as a fate from birth.
The tribes differ from each other with their own, inherent in the system of life, customs and rituals, beliefs and prohibitions. Most tribes invent their fashion, often stunningly bright, whose identity is often easily amazed.
From the most famous and numerous today, tribes can be considered: Masai, Bantu, Zulus, Samburu and Bushmen.
Masai
One of the most famous African tribes. They live in Kenya and Tanzania. The number of representatives reaches 100 thousand people. Most often, they can be found on the mountainside, which occupies a prominent place in Masayev's mythology. Maybe the magnitude of this mountain affected the worldview of the members of the tribe - they consider themselves pets of the gods, the highest people and sincerely confident that there are no more beautiful people in Africa.
Such an opinion about himself gave rise to a contemptuous, often even a derogatory attitude towards other tribes, which was the cause of frequent wars between the tribes. In addition, in the custom of Masaev, steal animals from other tribes, which also does not improve their reputation.
The dwelling of Masayev is built from branches, covered with manure. They are engaged in the main women who are also needed by the duties of pack animals. The main share of nutrition is milk or animal blood, less often meat. The distinguishing feature of the beauty of this tribe is considered elongated uches. Currently, the tribe is almost completely exterminated or dispersed, only in remote corners of the country, in Tanzania, are still preserved by individual nomads of Masayev.
Bantu
The Bantian tribe lives in Central, South and East Africa. In truth, the Bantu is not even a tribe, but a whole nation, which includes many peoples, for example, Rwanda, Shono, Kong and others. All of them have similar languages \u200b\u200band customs, why they were combined into one big tribe. Most of the representatives of the bow speak two or more languages, the most frequently used of which is Suakhili. The number of members of the people bantum reaches 200 million. According to scientists, researchers, it is the Bantu, together with Bushmen and the Gottente, were the progenitors of the South African Color Race.
Bantu has a kind of appearance. They have very dark skin and an amazing hair structure - every hair spiral currens. Wide and wings of the nose, low nose and high growth - often above 180 cm - are also distinguishing features of people from a bantle tribe. Unlike Masaev, a bowl will not be celebrated civilization and willingly invite tourists to study walks in their villages.
Like any African tribe, a thorough part of the life of a bowl occupies a religion, namely traditional animistic beliefs for Africa, as well as Islam and Christianity. The dwelling of the bow reminds the house of Masai - the same round form, with a frame of branches, crowns. True, in some areas of the house, the bow is rectangular, painted, with double, single-sided or flat roofs. The members of the tribe are engaged in main agriculture. A distinctive feature of the bow can be called an enlarged bottom of the lip in which small discs are inserted.
Zulusi
The people of Zulus, the former once the largest ethnic group, now there are only 10 million people. Zulusi enjoy their own language - Zulu, originating from the Bantia family and being the most common in South Africa. In addition, among members of the people there are walking English, Portuguese, seven and other African languages.
The Zulus tribe suffered a difficult period in the era of apartheid in South Africa, when, being the most numerous people, was defined as the population of the second variety.
As for the beliefs of the tribe, most of the Zulus remained faithful to national beliefs, but among them there are Christians. Zulussian religion is based on faith in the Creator's God, Higher and Discarded from Casual Routine. Representatives of the tribe believe that you can turn to spirits through predictions. All negative manifestations in the world, including diseases or death, are considered as evil spirits or the result of unkind witchcraft. In the Zulussian religion, the main place is occupied by purity, frequent ablutions in the custom of representatives of the people.
Sambur
The Samburi tribe lives in the northern regions of Kenya, on the border of the foothills and the northern desert. About five hundred years ago, the people of Sambura settled on this territory and quickly settled the plain. This tribe is characterized by independence and confident in its elitism much more than Masai. The life of the tribe depends on livestock, but, unlike Masai, Samburi themselves grow their cattle and together with it they go from place to place. Customs and ceremonies occupy a significant place in the life of the tribe and are distinguished by the splendor of paints and forms.
Samburi huts consist of clay and skins, outside the dwelling is separated by a barbed hedge for sewn from wild animals. Representatives of the tribe brought their homes with them, collecting re-in every parking lot.
Samburu is made to share the labor between men and women, it concerns the children. The responsibilities of women include gathering, daughter of cows and water delivery, as well as harvesting firewood, cooking and leaving for children. Of course, in the jurisdiction of the female half of the tribe there is a general order and stability. Men Sambura is responsible for grazing, which is their main means of existence.
The most important detail of the people of the people is childbearing, sterile women are subjected to cruel persecution and bullying. Normally at the tribe to worship the spirits of ancestors, as well as witchcraft. Samburu believe in spells, spells and rituals, applying them to increase fertility and protection.
Bushmen
The most famous, since ancient times, Europeans have an African tribe - this is Bushmen. The name of the tribe consists of the English "bush" - "bush" and "man" - "man", but it is dangerous to call representatives of the tribe - this is considered offensive. It is more correct to call them "San", which in the language of Gottentotov means "someone else's". Externally, the bushmen differ slightly from other tribes of Africa, they have brighter skin, and the lips are thinner. In addition, they are the only ones who use ant larvae. Their dishes are considered a feature of national cuisine of this people. The construction of Bushmen's society is also different from the common tribal. Instead of leaders and sorcerers, Sanai choose elders from among the most experienced and respected members of the tribe. Elders lead the life of the people, while not using any benefits for someone else's account. It should be noted that Bushmen also believe in the afterlife, like the other African tribes, but they do not have a cult of ancestors adopted at the rest of the tribes.
Among other things, Sanov has a rare talent for stories, songs and dance. The musical instrument they can do almost all of them. For example, there are bows stretched with animal hair or bracelets made from dried insect cocoons with pebbles inside, which are used to beat the rhythm during dance. Almost everyone who has the opportunity to observe the musical experiments of Bushmen, try to write them to convey to future generations. This is all the more relevant that the current century dictates its rules and many Bushmen have to retreat from centuries-old traditions and go to the workers for farms for the sake of family and the tribe.
This is a very small number of tribes living in Africa. There are so many things to describe them all will need several volumes, but each of them boasts a unique system of values \u200b\u200band lifestyle, not to mention rituals, customs and costumes.
Video: Wild tribes of Africa: ...
In our age it becomes more and more difficult to find the corner of the globe, not touched by civilization. Of course, in some places the so-called national flavor still remains the main bait for tourists. But all this for the most part of the exotic is intake, artificial. Take, for example, Grozny Masayev is a business card of Kenya. After heating the sound of the engine of an approaching bus, representatives of this tribe hide away the TVs, phones and jeans and urgently give themselves a primitive look. Other things himba - Small tribe In the north of Namibia. They preserved in their everyday the tradition of the Stone Age. Not for the sake of tourists, but because they do not want to live otherwise.
The climate of the Kunen Province, according to which Khimba wander, you won't call soft. In the afternoon, the thermometer is inexorably striving for a mark of + 60 °, and sometimes falls at night. It affects the breath of the oldest desert on the planet - Namiba.
Himba moved to North Namibia about a few hundred years ago from East Africa. Once it was a big tribe, but in the middle of the XIX century it was divided. Most of it moved south, to the region more rich in water. Peero's breakacied by Himba began to be called Hero. They came into contact with the Europeans that they are ultimately, and destroyed.
Several tens of years ago, the indigenous population, which preserved the life and beliefs of the ancestors remained a bit. In general, Himba decided to leave alone and allowed them to live as they want. Any laws of Namibia on their territory take effect only after the approval of the tribal leader, which is called the king.
Like hundreds of years ago, the tribe leads a half-hour life. The main occupation is breeding cows, goats and sheep. The number of cows determines the social status, the burenks also serve as a payment facility. Himba money is practically not interested, because no industrial goods in everyday life are used. The exception is plastic canisters for storing and carrying water and various little things, accidentally falling into hand.
Chemicals live in Krales having a circular layout. In the middle there is a barnyard surrounded by a wicker fence. Around - round or square huts. They are built from stories covered in the ground and bonded with leather straps. The frame is deceived by clay, and the roof is covered with straw or cane. Paul in Earth's huts, there is no furniture. Sleep chemicals on mattresses stuffed with straw. At the entrance to the hut there is a focus that dries in black.
As pasture exhausions, they disassemble the huts and die. Water Himba earlier mined, digging deep pits in the sand, and the suitable place for this place was found in the slave way. Crall they never put close to the source so that the outsiders could not peel, where the water is taken. Not so long ago, at the disposal of the government on nomadic routes, artesian wells were pulled out. But the aborigines do not drink this water, except that they sing her herd.
By the Dedovo way, the living moisture can be obtained only for its own use, and then in the edge. About to wash, and there can be no speech. Helps a magic ointment, which Khimba is obliged to a red skin tinge. This is a mixture of oil whipped from milk cows, a variety of plant elixirs and unwrapped in the thinnest powder of bright red volcanic pumice. Get it in a single place - on the mountain on the border of the plateau, which Himba is occupied. Mountain, of course, is considered sacred, and they do not reveal to anyone.
This composition of Women Himba flashes all body and hair several times a day. Ointment protects from solar burns and insect bites. In addition, when the ointment ointment is scrupled, the dirt comes with it, which is albeit strange, but an effective means of personal hygiene. Surprisingly, the skin of women Himba is perfect. With the help of the same ointment, they make traditional hairstyle: other people's hair - usually male, most often from the father of the family - they wove into their own, creating on the head "Dreada".
As a rule, one crane takes one family, but there are settlements and larger. Almost all Himba can read, count, write their name and know several phrases in English. This is the merit of mobile schools who attend almost all children of the tribe. But more than two-three classes energize units - to continue learning, you need to go to the city.
Women only work in Kralias. They wear water, care for the cattle, whip oil, sew and read out of simple clothes. In addition, the weak floor is engaged in collecting so that the diet of the tribe consisted not only from dairy products. Of course, women are also engaged in raising children. By the way, the kids on their own and strangers do not share.
Cattle graze old men and teenagers. Himba men are not thrilled. Collect and disassemble the cravy - here, by and large, and all of their affairs. Hunting is not among the constant tribe classes, it is rather a hobby of men Chemicals. The permanent duty of representatives of strong sex is the extraction of the very reddish breed, which goes to the preparation of paint for the body. However, women also make the composition.
The weak floor is a kind of engine of progress. If tourists want to acquire some souvenir at the tribe, then you only have to bargain with women. In recent years, people have become unprecedented with bright polyethylene bags. For them, Himba is ready to give the latter. After all, in these bags so convenient to keep their poor belongings, decorations and, of course, scallops. With the help of the latter, it is very convenient to build fantastic hairstyles that are famous for Himba women. They, by the way, are considered a beauty benchmark on the African continent.
By 12-14 years, each chimba lacks four lower teeth. This is a consequence of the rite of initiation. Teeth knock down a stone. Want to be adults - Terepi. By 14 years, Khimba is allowed to marry, but the weddings happen infrequently, since the bride should pay a big ransom.
Wedding ritual is very original. Newlyweds spend the night in the hut of the bride's family. In the morning, they accompanied the future wife's girlfriends leave the parent house, choosing to the street at all on all fours. Then everyone climbs to the feet and, taking each other for the projected bandages, headed towards the "sacred fire", where the leader is already awaiting the leader to commit the ceremony. If someone from the procession gets stuck, the rite will have to repeat, but not earlier than a few weeks.
Participants of the ceremony are sitting around the fire, and the leader makes three vessels with milk - one of the sickness of the bridegroom, the bride and the leader himself. He relieves the sample, after which the remaining members of the tribe are applied to the vessels. After that, all those present are sent to the leader's hut, where newlyweds have to spend three days. In order for the first marriage night successfully, in front of the hut, the bride and the bride are again lowered on all fours and so bypass the house counterclockwise.
Even if a man and woman Himba are married, they are not obliged to observe marital loyalty. Every chimba may have so much wives as it is able to feed. Wives can be changed, and if a man goes to a long journey, then attracts his spouse to live with someone from acquaintances.
Such freedom of morals worries local authorities. More than 20% of the population of Namibia is sick AIDS, so Khimba is a kind of risk group. However, in the tribe to medical problems relate philosophically. The gods give life, they can pick it up, say Himba. In general, they are long-livers: almost all live to 70 years, and some and to a hundred.
Interesting and Justice System Himba. If, for example, the husband kills his wife or someone from her relatives, then must pay compensation in 45 cows. If a wife or someone from her relatives kills her husband, then no ransom is provided. The authorities of Namibia Khimba are not punished, considering all this by their internal affair.
Himba believes that their tribe happened from the progenitor Mukuur, who, together with his wife, came out of the sacred tree of Ommborombong. Mukuur created all the existence and endowed the souls of the dead ancestors of Himba supernatural abilities. But then the enemies kicked the tribe from his original lands and captured the tree. Someday Khimba will return there. By the way, without having no idea of \u200b\u200bgeography, any chapter of the kind will show your hand to the direction where it is worth looking for OMUMBOMBONGO.
In the middle of the XIX century, Khimba almost disappeared from the face of the earth. They covered the largest and most powerful tribe of Namibia - Nama. As a result of cruel raids, Himba lost all their herds and fled to the mountains. They had to be engaged in hunting, but such a life was not like them, and they went north, in Angola.
For some time it was believed that Khimba was extinct or mixed with other tribes, as they suddenly appeared again in the old place. It happened in 1903, when Nama raised the uprising against German colonialists. European troops quickly broke the Nama and the Hero allied to them, after which the real genocide was arranged. As a result, both tribe practically ceased to exist. He did not go around the "attention" the Germans and Himba. Almost all Khimba were killed or captured and sent to the camps for blacks. Fortunately, after the First World War, the colony from Germany was taken away. And if Hero with Nama did not recover from the blow, then Khimba "rebelled", like a Phoenix bird from the ash.
For the third time they were considered extinct in the mid-1980s. The terrible multi-year drought destroyed 90% of livestock livestock, and in 1988, the last focus was revealed in the last Khimbi stamp. The remaining people of the tribe were resettled to the city down as refugees. But in the early 1990s, Khimba returned. Now they have a little less than 50 thousand, and the population is growing. At the same time they live in the same way as their ancestors hundreds of years ago.
When it comes to the birth of a child, first of all the ordinary clinic comes to mind, then the hospital, and so on. But in remote corners of the planet, where life is still little different from the fact that it was a hundred or two hundred years ago, rites are preserved, accompanying childbirth in vivo. The founder of the Wild Born scientific and creative project travels around the world and removes the beauty of this purely female business - the sacrament of the tooling and the birth of a child.
(Only 11 photos + 1 video)
"Women in Indian tribes have broad traditional knowledge in the field of nature, which contributes to healthy pregnancy and childbirth. Women of the Cosos tribe prepare a deepening with boiled water, heated by stones, and throw a harvest from a fry tree, root and herbs. Then they sit on top of this deepening, allowing a couple to carry them out their body and relieve pain, help relax and recover after delivery. "
The project participants set themselves to learn the sociocultural, environmental and economic aspects of traditions and rites of natural childbearing in women from various aboriginal tribes that were on the verge of extinction due to the influence of civilization.
The project was founded by photographer Alegre Ellie in 2011. She wanted to study and capture traditional ways and sacred rituals associated with pregnancy and childbearing, as well as how they change over time. In the pictures taken during the expeditions, the role of ancient knowledge in childbearing, overhanging grandmothers, ecology, local flora and fauna for rites, anesthesia and nutrition is studied.
Girl from the tribe Taut Batu, Palawan (Philippines).
Every seven years, this tribe makes a rite to purify peace and restoring the space balance.
In 2011 and 2012, the expedition went to Papua - New Guinea to find out what it is like to give birth to the jungle. Next year, activists visited the Palaw, the Philippines. In 2014, they went through the way from pregnancy to childbirth with the Chemical tribe in Namibia, and this year will be monitored by how they cope with the birth of women's children in Yamal.
These bright pictures are reminded that it is necessary to take care of customs and traditions, try to keep the wealth and diversity of cultures, and that the birth of children is, perhaps, the most natural and at the same time the most mysterious process that can only watch.
On this video, the experienced attribute from the Chemical tribe in Namibia massages the belly of pregnant a few hours before delivery.
Before the birth of a child.
Newborn chemical tribe.
"On the way to the formation of a woman. I was a witness of several social rituals while Himba lived among the tribe, including the rite of the Girl Initiation. Having reached Pubertata, the girl leaves the village while during the rite will not lead to a new social status. With the support of women from the community, the girl leads to a special premises, where it is spiritually protected during the first menstruation. At this time, she gets a lot of gifts, and as soon as he is imagined, the change of status becomes official and the traditional leather crown is put on his head as a sign that it can be married. In the photo, the girls gathered in a small temporary tent, which was built for the rite of initiation to assign them the status of women with the beginning of the menstrual cycle. In the framework of the ceremony and on a regular basis, a woman harness various roots to get a fragrant smoke, which is used as perfume perfumes. "
- Go:; South America
Aboriginal Amazonia
In the jungle Amazon found an unknown tribe of the Indians
The Brazilian authorities were able to confirm the fact that in the jungle, near the civilized border with Peru, a primitive tribe lives from a civilized world, about 200 people.
And about where Brazilian aborigines inhabited by scientists managed to learn carefully considering pictures from space. And then in the reservation of Vale to Yarari (Vale do Javari Reservation), large areas of the rainforest, separated from wood vegetation, were seen. From the air, expedition participants managed to photograph the dwellings and their Aboriginal themselves. Men of this tribe paint themselves in red, and the hair on the head is littered in front, leaving them long rear. However, attempts to enter into contact, representatives of modern civilization with Aboriginal did not undertake, fearing that it could harm primitive people.
Currently, a special government organization is engaged in Brazil in Brazil - National Indian Foundation (FUNAI). Its functions mainly include an attempt to protect the savages from outside interference and from all sorts of encroachments on the land occupied by the farmers, forest harvesters, as well as poachers, missionaries, and of course those deltsov who grows in the wild dishes of narcotic plants. In essence, the National Indian Foundation protects and protects the aborigines from any external intervention.
Part of the modern official policy of the Brazilian government is the detection and protection of isolated aboriginal groups in the Amazon jungle. It has now been detected by 68 divorced from civilization groups, and including in the reservation of Vale to Yarari, they are already fifteen. From the air, the participants of the expedition were able to photograph the dwellings and their Aboriginal themselves the last detected group. They live in large straw barracks without windows, wear primitive clothes, although many of them do not wear anything at all. On the areas separated from forest vegetation, vegetables and fruits are growing: it is mainly corn, beans and bananas.
In addition to the awarded Aboriginal Group, another 8 seats of possible habit of savages were detected from space, which employees of the Funai National Indian Foundation undertake to "put them on register" in the near future. For this, they are definitely flying there and everyone will take pictures. For this purpose, they will possibly use helicopters to see the primitive Indians and the features of their life.
Almost unknown science wild tribes of Amazon Indians seem to be in danger due to constant unwanted contacts with the outside world. These Indians are once representatives of a big tribe, previously was forced to leave deeper into the forest due to the permanent invasions in their settlement. In the past few years, these residents of Amazon had to often face with other tribes of aborigines. Therefore, the currently existing ethnic question is difficult to solve, and, unfortunately, it will soon be impossible to maintain these tribes are truly "wild" and protect them from all external contacts. And most wild settlements are concentrated on the border of Peru and Brazil, where there are more than 50 tribes that have never contacted either the outside world or other tribes. Scientists believe that wild tribes need to be saved "wild" so possible longer, although the aborigines are now being exposed to more risk, since on the Peruvian territory, the development of rainforest is gaining its turnover ...