Genre of the Music Work of Shostakovich. Creativity D.

Dmitry Shostakovich's creativity of the Great Soviet Music and Public Worker, Composer, Pianist and Teacher briefly set out in this article.

Creativity Shostakovich Briefly

Music Dmitry Shostakovich is diverse and multifaceted by genres. It turned into the classics of the Soviet and world musical culture of the 20th century. The value of the composer as a symphonist is huge. He created 15 symphony with deep philosophical concepts, the most complicated world of human experiences, tragic and acute conflicts. The works are permeated by the voice of an artist-Humanist fighting against evil and social injustice. His unique individual style has undertaken to the best traditions of Russian and foreign music (Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven, Bahu, Maler). In the first Symphony of 1925, the best features of the style of Dmitry Shostakovich were manifested:

• polyphonylation of texture
• dynamics of development
• particle of humor and irony
• thin lyrics
• shaped reincarnation
• thematicism
• contrast

The first symphony brought him fame. In the future, he learned to combine styles and sounds. By the way, Dmitry Shostakovich imitated the sound of an artillery cannonade in his 9th Symphony dedicated to Leningrad's blockade. What do you think, with the help of which tools, Dmitry Shostakovich imitated this sound? He did it with the help of a lie.

In a 10-to-symphony, the composer has introduced multi-alignment and deployment techniques. Subsequent 2 products were marked by referring to the program.

In addition, Shostakovich contributed to the development of the musical theater. True, his activity was limited to editorial articles in newspapers. The Opera Shostakovich "Nose" was the real original musical embodiment of the story of Gogol. It was distinguished by complex means of composer equipment, ensemble and mass scenes, multidimensional and counterpunctic change of episodes. An important guideline in the work of Dmitry Shostakovich was the opera "Lady McBet Mtsensky County". It was characterized by satirical sharpness in the nature of negative characters, spiritualized lyrics, harsh and elevated tragedy.

Also, the impact on the creativity of Shostakovich had both Mussorgsky. This is advised by the truthfulness and juiciness of musical portraits, psychological deepening, a generalization of songs and folk intonations. All this manifested itself in the vocal symphonic poem "The execution of Stepan Razin", in the vocal cycle called "from Jewish folk poetry." Dmitry Shostakovich belongs to an important merit in the orchestral editorial office of Hovhanchina and Boris Godunov, orchestration of the vocal cycle of the Mussorgsky "Song and Dance of Death".

For the musical life of the Soviet Union, the emergence of concerts for piano, violin and cello with orchestra, chamber works written by Shostakovich. These include 15 string quartets, fugues and 24 foreplay for piano, memory trio, piano quintet, romance cycles.

Works of Dmitry Shostakovich - "Players", "Nose", "Lady McBet Mtsensky County", "Golden Age", "Light Creek", "Song of the Forests", "Moscow - Cherryomushki", "Poem about the Motherland", "penalty of Stepan Razin", "Hymn Moscow", "Festive Overture", "October".

Each artist leads a special dialogue with its time, but the nature of this dialogue depends largely on the properties of his personality. Shostakovich, unlike many of his contemporaries, was not afraid to close as much as possible to unsightly reality and make the creation of her mercilessly as a generalized symbolic image of the business and duty of his life as an artist. By the very nature, according to I. Sollertinsky, he was doomed to become a great "tragic poet."

In the works of domestic musicologists, a high degree of conflict was repeatedly noted in the works of Shostakovich (works of M. Aranovsky, T. Leie, M. Sabinina, L. Mazel). As a component of the artistic reflection of reality, the conflict expresses the ratio of the composer to the phenomena of the surrounding reality. L. Berezovchuk convincingly shows that in the music of Shostakovich, the conflict is often manifested through the style and genre interactions of Berezovchuk L.TIlylevy interactions in the work of D. Shostakovich as a way of incarnation of conflict // Questions of theory and aesthetics of music. Vol. 15. - L.: Music, 1977. - P. 95-119 .. Restal in the modern product. Signs of various musical styles and genres of the past can take part in the conflict; Depending on the composer's plan, they can become the symbols of the positive principle or the images of evil. This is one of the options for "generalizations through the genre" (term A. Alshvang) in the music of the 20th century in general, retrospective trends (appeal to styles and genres of past eras) become leading in various copyright styles of the 20th century (Creativity M. Reperer, P. Hindemit , I. Stravinsky, A. Shnitka and many others) ..

According to M. Aranovsky, one of the most important parties to the music of Shostakovich was a combination of various methods of incarnation of an artistic idea, such as:

· Direct emotionally open statement, as it were, "direct musical speech";

· Fine techniques that are often associated with cinematic images related to the construction of a "symphonic plot";

· Receptions of designations or symbolization associated with the personification of the forces of "Actions" and "Counteractions" Aranovsky M. Challenge of Time and Answer of the artist // Music Academy. - M.: Music, 1997. - №4. - p.15 - 27 ..

In all these manifestations of the creative method of Shostakovich, a clear support for the genre is visible. And in the immediate expression of the feeling, and in the visual receptions, and in symbolization processes - everywhere, the explicit or hidden genre base of the thematism bears an additional semantic load.

In the work of Shostakovich, traditional genres prevail - symphonies, operas, ballets, quartets, etc. The cycle parts also often have genre designations, for example: scherzo, speaking, etude, humorous, elegy, serenade, intermezzo, nocturne, mourning march. The composer also revives a number of old genres - Chakon, Sarandand, Passacklia. The feature of the artistic thinking of Shostakovich is that well-recognizable genres are endowed with semantics, not always coinciding with the historical prototype. They turn into peculiar models - media of certain values.

According to V. Bobrovsky, Passackology serves as the objectives of the expression of the sublime ethical ideas of Bobrovsky V. The transit of the genre of Passacalia in the Sonate-Symphonic Cycles D. Shostakovich // Music and Modernity. M..1. - M., 1962; The genres of Chakons and Sarabands play a similar role, and in chamber writings of the last period - Elegy. They are often found in the works of Shostakovich monologues-speaking, which in the middle period serve the goals of a dramatic or patte-tragedy statement, and in the late period, they acquire a generalized-philosophical meaning.

The polyphonicity of the thinking of Shostakovich naturally manifested itself not only in the invoice and methods of the development of thematism, but also in the revival of the genre of the Fugue, as well as the traditions of writing the cycles of prelude and fugues. Moreover, polyphonic constructions have the most different semantics: a contrasting polyphony, as well as a fugato is often associated with a positive articulated sphere, a sphere of manifestation of a living, human start. While the antichelovic is embodied in strict canons ("episode of invasion" of 7 symphonies, sections from the development of I part, the main topic II of part 8 of the symphony) or in simple, sometimes deliberately primitive homophone forms.

Scherzo is interpreted by Shostakovich in different ways: it is funny, mischievous images, and toy-puppet, in addition, Skezo - a composer's favorite genre for the embodiment of the negative forces of the action that received the genre predominantly grotesque image. Scratic vocabulary, according to M. Aranovsky, created a fertile intonational environment for deploying a mask method, as a result of which "... rationally comprehended bizarrely with irrational and where the line between life and absurd finally was finally erased" (1, 24 ). The researcher sees similarity with Zoshchenko or Hams, and, perhaps, the impact of Gogol, with whose poetics, the composer came closely in the work on the opera "Nose".

B.V. Asafyev highlights as a specific composer's style genre: "... It is extremely characteristic of the hasting rhythm of gallop in the music, but not a naive perky gallop of 20-30 years of the last century and not an Offenbachsky dust kankana, but a gallop-cinema, gallop final chase with all sorts of adventures. In this music there is a feeling of anxiety, and a nervous shortness of breath, and a banging bravada, but there is only laughter, infectious and joyful.<…> In them trepid, convulsion, fad, as if obstacles are overcome "(4, 312 ) Gallop or Cacano often become the Basic Basis of "Danses Macabres" - a kind of death dance (for example, in the Sollertinsky's memory trio or in the III part of the eighth Symphony).

The composer is widely used by the music of life: military and sports marches, domestic dances, urban lyrical music, etc. As you know, urban household music was poeticized not by one generation of composers-romantics, which in this area of \u200b\u200bcreativity saw a predominantly "treasury of idyllic sentiment" (L. Berezovchuk). If, in rare cases, the household genre was endowed with negative, negative semantics (for example, in the works of Berliosis, Leaf, Tchaikovsky), it always increased the semantic load, allocated this episode from the musical context. However, the fact that in the XIX century was unique, unusual, for Shostakovich became a typical feature of the creative method. Its numerous marches, waltza, polka, hairs, tights, kankanes have lost value (ethical) neutrality, explicitly belong to the negative impact area.

L. Berezovchuk L. Berezovchuk. Quota. Explains this is a number of reasons for a historical nature. The period in which the composer talent was formed was very difficult for Soviet culture. The process of creating new values \u200b\u200bin a new society was accompanied by a collision of the most controversial trends. On the one hand, these are new techniques, new topics, plots. On the other hand, an avalanche of the gulp, oversized and sentimental musical products, which swept the average of 20-30s.

Household music, an integral attribute of the bourgeois culture, in the XX century for advanced artists becomes a symptom of a mesh lifestyle, sorting machinery, confusion. This sphere was perceived by the seedler Evil, the kingdom of low-lying instincts capable of growing in a terrible danger to others. Therefore, for the composer, the concept of evil was connected with the sphere of "low" household genres. As M. Aranovsky notes, "in this Shostakovich performed the heir to Maler, but without his idealism" (2, 74 ). What was poeticized was towered romanticism, becomes the object of grotesque distortion, sarcasm, ridicule in such a relation to the "urban speech" Shostakovich was not alone. M.Aranovsky holds parallels with the language of M. Zoshchenko, deliberately distorted speech of his negative characters .. Examples of this are "Waltz Police" and most of the intermission from the opera "Katerina Izmailov", march in the "episode of invasion" from the seventh symphony, the main topic of the second part The eighth symphony, the theme of menuet from the second part of the fifth symphony and much more.

The so-called "genre alloys" or "genre mixes" began to play a major role in the creative method of mature shostakovich. Sabinina in his monograph Sabinina M. Shostakovich - Symphony. - M.: Music, 1976. Notes that, starting with the fourth symphony, the topics of the processes in which turning from the impression of external events to the expression of psychological states is becoming important. The desire of Shostakovich to fix and cover a single process of development of the chain of phenomena leads to combination in one topic of signs of several genres, which are revealed during its deployment. Examples of Togo are the main topics of the first parts of the fifth, seventh, eighth symphony and other works.

Thus, genre models in the music of Shostakovich are very diverse: vintage and modern, academic and domestic, explicit and hidden, homogeneous and mixed. An important feature of the style of Shostakovich is the relationship of certain genres with the ethical categories of good and evil, which, in turn, are the most important components acting by the symphonic concepts of the composer.

Consider the semantics of genre models in D. Shostakovich's music on the example of its eighth symphony.

Today we will learn about the Soviet and Russian composer and Pianist Dmitry Shostakovich. In addition to the names of the professions, he was also a musical and public figure, teacher and professor. Shostakovich, whose biography will be considered in the article, has many awards. His creative path was thorny as the path of any genius. Not in vain, he is considered one of the largest composers of the last century. Dmitry Shostakovich wrote 15 symphonies, 3 operas, 6 concerts, 3 ballet and many works of chamber music for cinema and theater.

Origin

Interesting heading, isn't it? Shostakovich, whose biography is the topic of this article, has a weighty pedigree. Praded composer was a veterinarian. In historical documents, information has been preserved that Peter Mikhailovich himself counted himself to the mill peasants. At the same time, he was a free student of the Vilen Medical and Surgery Academy.

In the 1830s, he was a member of the Polish uprising. After it was filed by the authorities, Peter Mikhailovich with his companion Maria was sent to the Urals. In the 40s, the family lived in Yekaterinburg, where a couple had a son in January 1845, which Boleslav-Arthur was named. Boleslav was an honorary resident of Irkutsk and had the right of ubiquitous residence. Son Dmitry Boleslavovich was born at the time when a young family lived in Naryma.

Childhood, youth

Shostakovich, a brief biography of which is represented in the article, was born in 1906, in the house, where later D. I. Mendeleev rented the territory for the urban calibration tent. Thoughts about music were formed at Dmitry for about 1915, at that time he became a student of a commercial gymnasium M. Shidlovskaya. To be more specifically, the boy said that he wants to tie his life with music, after watching Opera N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov called "Tale of Tsar Saltan". The most first piano lessons the boy taught his mother. Thanks to her persistence and desire, Dmitry, six months later, he was able to pass the entrance exams in the popular music school I. A. Glyasser at that time.

During the training, the boy achieved certain success. But in 1918, the guy left the school I. Glyasser at his own request. The reason for this was the fact that the teacher and the student had a different point of view on the composition. A year later, A. K. Glazunov, whose hearing was well replied about the guy. Soon the guy enters the Petrograd conservatory. There he learns harmony and orchestration under the leadership of M. O. Steinberg, counterpoint and fugue - N. Sokolova. In addition, the guy also studied the conducting. By the end of 1919, Shostakovich created the first orchestral essay. Then Shostakovich (brief biography - in the article) enters the class of piano, where he is studying jointly by Maria Yudina and Vladimir Sofronitsky.

At about the same time, its activities unfolds "Anna Fogt Circle", which focuses on the latest Western trends. One of the organization's activist becomes young Dmitry. Here he meets with such composers as B. Afanasyev, V. Shcherbachev.

In the conservatory, a young man studied very diligently. He had true zeal and thirst for knowledge. And all this despite the fact that the time was very tense: the First World War, revolutionary events, civil war, hunger and chaos. Of course, all these external events could not get around the conservatory side: it was very cold in it, and it was possible to get there in times. Learning in winter was a test. Because of this, many students missed classes, but not Dmitry Shostakovich. His biography demonstrates perseverance and firm faith throughout life. Incredibly, but almost every evening he attended the concerts of the Petrograd Philharmonic.

The time was very heavy. In 1922, Dmitry's father dies, and the whole family turns out without money. Dmitry was not confused and began to look for work, but soon he had to postpone the difficult operation, which almost cost him life. Despite this, he quickly recovered and settled to work with a pianist-taper. At this difficult time, he had great help to him, who took care of the fact that Shostakovich receive a personal scholarship and had additional ladies.

Life after the conservatory

What does D. Shostakovich do next? His biography explicitly shows that his life did not feel much sorry. Has his spirit soaring? Not at all. In 1923, a young man finishes a conservatory. In graduate school, the guy taught reading scores. According to the old tradition of the most famous composers, he planned to become a touring pianist and composer. In 1927, the guy gets an honorary diploma at the Chopin Competition, which was held in Warsaw. There he performed Sonatu, which he himself wrote for the graduation work. But the first of this Sonatu was noticed by the conductor Bruno Walter, who asked Shostakovich immediately send his score to Berlin. After that, the symphony was performed by Otto Clemperer, Leopold stocks and Arturo Tuscanini.

Also in 1927, the composer writes Opera Nose (N. Gogol). Soon he meets I. Sollertinsky, who enriches a young man with useful acquaintances, stories and wise advice. This friendship passes through Dmitry's life with red ribbon. In 1928, after acquaintance with V. Meyerhold, it works as a pianist in the sameater.

Writing three symphony

Meanwhile, life goes ahead. Composer Shostakovich, whose biography resembles American slides, writes Opera "Lady Macbeth Mtsensky County", which is delighted with a half season. But soon the "slide" goes down - the Soviet government simply destroys this opera with the hands of journalists.

In 1936, the composer finishes writing the fourth symphony, which is the peak of his creativity. Unfortunately, it turned out for the first time only in 1961. This product had a truly monumental scope. It combined Paphos and grotesque, lyrics and sex. It is believed that it was this symphony that marked the beginning of a mature period in the work of the composer. In 1937, a man writes the fifth symphony, which Comrade Stalin perceived positively and even commented on it in the Pravda newspaper.

This symphony differed from the previous pronounced dramatic character, which was skillfully disguised with Dmitry in a normal symphony form. Also from this year he taught the class of compositions in the Leningrad Conservatory and soon became a professor. And in November 1939, he presents his sixth symphony.

Time of war

The first months of the war Shostakovich holds in Leningrad, where he begins to work on the next symphony. The seventh symphony was executed in 1942 in the Kuibyshev Opera and Ballet Theater. In the same year, symphony sounds in a blockade Leningrad. He organized all this Karl Eliasberg. This has become an important event for a battle city. In just a year later, Dmitry Shostakovich, whose brief biography does not cease to surprise with his turns, writes the eighth symphony dedicated to Mravinsky.

Soon the composition of the composer acquires a different direction, since he moves to Moscow, where he teaches the tool and composition in the metropolitan conservatory. It is entertaining that for the entire time of teaching activity he studied such prominent people like B. Tishchenko, B. Tchaikovsky, Gallinin, K. Karaev and others.

In order to correctly express everything that has accumulated in the soul, Shostakovich resorts to chamber music. In the 1940s, he creates masterpieces such as Piano Trio, Piano Quintet, String Quartets. And after the end of the war, in 1945, the composer writes his ninth symphony, which regrets, sadness and resentment for all the events of the war, which indeliblely affected the heart of Shostakovich.

1948 began with charges of "formalism" and "bourgeois decadence". In addition, the composer brazenly accused of uniformity. In order to completely destroy his faith in himself, the authorities deprived of his title of professor and contributed to the speedy exile from the Leningrad and Moscow conservatory. Most of all A. Zhdanov attacked Shostakovich.

In 1948, Dmitry Dmitrievich writes a vocal cycle under the name "from Jewish folk poetry." But the public submission did not take place, as Shostakovich wrote "on the table". This was caused by the fact that the policy of "combating cosmopolitanism" was actively unfolded. The first violin concert, written by the composer in 1948, was published only in the 1955th for the same reason.

Shostakovich, whose biography, White and Black Spots, was able to return to pedagogical activities only after a long 13 years. He was employed in the Leningrad Conservatory, where he managed graduate students, among which were B. Tishchenko, V. Biebergan and G. Belov.

In 1949, Dmitry creates Cantatat under the name "Song of the Forests", which is a model of the pathetic "big style" in official art at that time. Cantata was written on the verses of E. Dolmatovsky, who talked about the restoration of the Soviet Union after the war. Naturally, the premiere of Cantata passed simply wonderful, as it suited power. And Soon Shostakovich received the Stalinist Prize.

In 1950, the composer takes part in the Baha Competition, which takes place in Leipzig. The magic atmosphere of the city and the music of Baha very inspires Dmitry. Shostakovich, whose biography does not cease to amaze, writes 24 foreplay and fugues for piano on arrival to Moscow.

Over the next two years, he composes a play cycle called "Dancing dolls". In 1953, he creates his tenth symphony. In 1954, the composer becomes the People's Artist of the USSR, after this, as the "festive overture" writes to the day of the opening of SVV. Creation of this period is full of cheerfulness and optimism. What happened to you, Shostakovich Dmitry Dmitrievich? The biography of the composer does not give us a response, but the fact remains: all the creations of the author are full of playfulness. These years are also characteristic of the fact that Dmitry begins to get more closely to the authorities, thanks to which there is good job posts.

1950-1970 years

After N. Khrushchev was removed from power, the works of Shostakovich began to acquire more sad notes again. He writes the poem "Babi Yar", and then adds 4 more parts. Thus, a cantate thirteenth symphony is obtained, which publicly sounded in 1962.

The last years of the composer were heavy. The Biography of Shostakovich, the brief content of which is given above, ends sadly: it sicks a lot, and soon he has a lung cancer. He also manifests itself a severe feet.

In 1970, Shostakovich came three times to the city of Kurgan for treatment in the laboratory of Ilizarov. He spent 169 days here. This great man died in 1975, his grave is located at the Novodevichy cemetery.

A family

Has family and children D. D. Shostakovich? A brief biography of this talented person shows that personal life has always been reflected in his work. In total, the composer had three wives. The first spouse Nina was a professor of astrophysics. Interestingly, she studied at the most famous physics Abraha Ioffe. At the same time, the woman refused science to completely devote himself to the family. Two children appeared in this union: Son Maxim and Daughter Galina. Maxim Shostakovich became a conductor and a pianist. He was a student of Christmas and A. Gauca.

Who chose after this Shostakovich? Interesting facts of biography do not cease to surprise: his chosen was Margarita Kaino. This marriage was only a passion that quickly passed. The couple stayed together at all long. The third companion of the composer became Irina Supinskaya, who worked as the editor of the Soviet composer. With this woman, Dmitry Dmitrievich was until the death of death, from 1962 to 1975.

Creation

What distinguishes the work of Shostakovich? He owned a high level of technology, knew how to create bright melodies, perfectly owned polyphony, orchestration, lived with strong emotions and reflected them in music, and also worked a lot. Thanks to all of the above, he created musical works that have a distinctive, saturated character, and also have a large artistic value.

His contribution to the music of the last century is simply invaluable. It still significantly affects anyone who ever understands music. Shostakovich, the biography and creativity of which were equally bright, could boast a large aesthetic and genre diversity. He combined tonal, lads, atonal elements and created real masterpieces that made it world famous. In his work, such styles such as modernism, traditionalism and expressionism were intertwined.

Music

Shostakovich, whose biography is full of attacks and falls, learned to reflect his emotions through music. For his work, such figures, as I. Stravinsky, A. Berg, G. Mahler, and so on. The composer himself devoted all his free time to the study of avant-garde and classical traditions, thanks to which he managed to create his own unique style. His style is very emotional, he touches his heart and encourages thoughts.

Strings quartets and symphonies are most bright in his work. The latter was written by the author throughout his life, but he composed string quartets only in recent years of life. In each of the genres, Dmitry wrote 15 works. It is believed that the fifth and tenth symphonies are the most popular.

In his work, you can see the effect of composers whom Shostakovich respected and loved. These include such individuals as L. Beethoven, I. Bach, P. Tchaikovsky, S. Rakhmaninov, A. Berg. If you take into account the creators from Russia, then the greatest devotion to Dmitry Putal to Mussorgsky. Especially for his opera (Khovovnia and Boris Godunov) Shostakovich wrote orchestration. The effect of this composer on Dmitry is particularly pronounced in some passages of the opera "Lady Macbeth Mtsensky County" and in different satirical works.

In 1988, a feature film called "Certificate" (Britain) came out on the screen. It was removed based on Solomon Volkov's book. According to the author, the book is written on the basis of the personal memories of Shostakovich.

Dmitry Shostakovich (biography and creativity are summarized in the article) - this is a man of unusually fate and a large talent. He did a long way, but Glory has never been his primary goal. He worked only because the emotions overwhelmed it and it was impossible to be silent. Dmitry Shostakovich, whose biography gives a lot of instructive lessons, is a real example of devotion to its talent and life durability. Not only novice musicians, and all people need to know about such a great and amazing person!

Dmitry Shostakovich. 1906 - 1975

Music
D. D. Sh.

There is something miraculous in it,
And in the eyes of her edge is grade.
She says alone with me
When others come to come afraid.
When the last friend took his eyes,
She was with me in my grave
And sang, as if the first thunderstorm,
Il as if all the flowers started talking.
Anna Akhmatova. 1957-1958

Shostakovich was born and lived in complex and ambiguous times. He did not always adhered to the Policy of the party, then conflicted with the authorities, then receiving her approval.
Shostakovich is a unique phenomenon in the history of world musical culture. In his work, like any other artist, our complex cruel era, contradictions and the tragic fate of humanity, were reflected, those shocks that had fallen into the share of his contemporaries were incarnations. All troubles, all the suffering of our country in the twentieth century. He missed through his heart and expressed in his works.

Memorial Plank on House 2 in Podolskaya Street, where Born Dmitry Shostakovich

Portrait of Mitya Shostakovich works by Boris Kustodiev, 1919

Dmitry Shostakovich was born in 1906, "at sunset" of the Russian Empire, in St. Petersburg, when the Russian Empire has lived its last days. By the end of the First World War and the subsequent revolution, the past was resolutely moored, as the country accepted a new radical socialist ideology. Unlike Prokofiev, Stravian and Rakhmaninov, Dmitry Shostakovich did not leave his homeland to live abroad.

Sofya Vasilyevna Shostakovich, mother composer

Dmitry Boleslavovich Shostakovich, Father composer

He was the second of the three children: his older sister Maria became a pianist, and the youngest Zoya is a veterinarian. Shostakovich studied in a private school, and then in 1916 - 18th, during the revolution and formation of the Soviet Union, was engaged in the school I. A. Glyasser.

Time for a change

Building of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, where in 1919 he entered thirteen-year-old Shostakovich

Class M. O. Steinberg in the Petrograd Conservatory. Dmitry Shostakovich stands extreme left

Later, the future composer entered the Petrograd conservatory. Like many other families, he and his loved ones were in a difficult situation - constant starvation weakened the body and, in 1923, Shostakovich was urgently left for a sanatorium in the Crimea. In 1925, he graduated from the conservatory. The thesis of the young musician was the first symphony, which immediately brought the 19-year-old young woman with wide fame at home and in the West.

The first edition of the first symphony. 1927 year

In 1927, he met Nina Warzar, a student learning physics on which he later married. In the same year, he became one of the eight finalists in the international competition. Chopin in Warsaw, and the winner was his friend Lion Worish.

Dmitry Shostakovich executes the first piano concert. Conductor A. Orlov

The world is in a state of war. 1936

Life was difficult, and to continue to keep a family and a widowed mother, Shostakovich composed music for films, ballets and theater. When Stalin came to power, the situation was complicated.

Frame from the movie "Return Maxim". Directed by Kozintsev, L. Trauberg, composer D. Shostakovich

Career Shostakovich was experiencing rapid ups and falls several times, but 1936 was turning in his fate, when Stalin visited him Opera "Lady McBet Mtsensky County" by N. S. Leskova and was shocked by her cutting satire and innovative music. The official reaction followed immediately. The Government newspaper "Pravda" in the article under the heading "Supbar instead of the music" subjected to the present defeat, and Shostakovich was recognized as the enemy of the people. Opera immediately removed from the repertoire in Leningrad and Moscow. Shostakovich was forced to cancel the premiere of his recently completed symphony No. 4, fearing that she could cause even more troubles, and began working on a new symphony. In those terrible years there was a period when for many months the composer lived, waiting for arrest at any time. He went to bed dressed and had a small suitcase at the ready.

The main representatives of "formalism" in Soviet music - S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, A. Khachaturian. Photo of the late 1940s.

At the same time, his relatives were arrested. His marriage was also threatened due to hobbies on the side. But with the birth of the daughter of Galina in 1936, the situation was corrected.
Pursued by the press, he wrote his symphony number 5, which, fortunately, passed with great success. She was the first culmination of the symphonic creativity of the composer, her premiere in 1937 conducted young Evgeny Mravinsky.

1941

Dmitry Shostakovich in exercise on handling Aviabomb. Leningrad, July 1941

And now came Grozny 1941. Since the beginning of the war, the composer began working on the seventh symphony. Symphony dedicated to the feat of his native city, the composer ended in Kuibyshev, where she was evacuated with his family. The composer graduated from symphony, but she could not sound in a blockade Leningrad. I needed an orchestra no less than a hundred people, we needed strength and time to learn the work. No orchestra, no strength, no time free from bombing and shelling, was not. Therefore, the "Leningrad" symphony was first executed in Kuibyshev in March 1942. After some time, one of the best conductors of the world Arturo Tuscanini introduced the public with this creation in the United States. The score was delivered to New York on a battle plane.
And Leningraders surrounded by blockade, collected forces. There were few musicians in the city who did not have time to evacuate. But they lacked them. Then the best musicians were sent from the army and fleet to the city. So in the besieged Leningrad, a large symphony orchestra was formed. Bombs rushed, collapsed and burned at home, people barely moved from hunger. And the orchestra learned the symphony of Shostakovich. She sounded in Leningrad in August 1942.

L. A. Rusov. Leningrad symphony. Conducts E. A. Mravinsky. 1980. Canvas, oil. Private Assembly, Russia

One of the foreign newspapers wrote: "The country whose artists in these harsh days create works of immortal beauty and high spirit, invincible!"
In 1943, the composer moves to Moscow. By the end of the war they were written to the eighth symphony dedicated to the wonderful conductor, the first performer of all his symphonies since the fifth, E. Mravinsky. From this time, the life of D. Shostakovich was associated with the capital. He is engaged in creativity, pedagogy, writes music for movies.

Frame from the movie "Young guard". Director S. Gerasimov, composer D. Shostakovich

Post-war years

In 1948, Shostakovich again had trouble with the authorities, he was declared a formalist. He was later dismissed from the conservatory, and his writings were prohibited. The composer continued to work in the theater and film industry (between 1928 and 1970 he wrote music for almost 40 films).
Stalin's death in 1953 brought some relief. He felt relative freedom. This allowed him to expand and enrich his style and create works that differed even more skill and range that often reflected violence, horror and bitterness of those times that the composer survived.
Shostakovich visited the UK and America and created several more ambitious works.
60s. Pass under the sign all worsening health. The composer carries two heart attacks, the disease of the central nervous system begins. Increasingly, you have to lie in the hospital for a long time. But Shostakovich tries to lead an active lifestyle, compose, although every month he is getting worse.

Last photo Dmitry Shostakovich, May 1975

The death of the composer rank on August 9, 1975. But after death, the omnipotent government did not leave him alone. Despite the desire of the composer to be buried in his homeland, in Leningrad, he was buried on a prestigious Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

Tombstone Shostakovich at Novodevichy Cemetery With the image of a tank monogram

The funeral was postponed on August 14, because foreign delegations did not have time to come. Shostakovich was the "official" composer, and His officially buried him with loud speeches of representatives of the party and the government, who were criticized so many years.
After death, he was officially proclaimed by a loyal member of the Communist Party.

Awards and Premium Composer:

People's Artist of the USSR (1954)
Laureate of the State Prize (1941, 1942, 1946, 1950, 1952, 1968, 1974)
Laureate of the International Peace Prize (1954)
Laureate of Lenin Prize (1958)
Hero of Socialist Labor (1966)

The name D. D. Shostakovich is known to the whole world. He is one of the largest artists of the 20th century. His music sounds in all countries of the world, she is listening and loved millions of people of different nationalities.
Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich was born on September 25, 1906 in St. Petersburg. His father, a chemist engineer, worked in the main chamber of measures and scales. Mother was a gifted pianist.
From nine years, the boy began to play the piano game. In the autumn of 1919, Shostakovich entered the Petrograd conservatory. The graduation work of the young composer was the first symphony. Her noisy success - first in the USSR, then in foreign countries - noted the beginning of the creative path of the young, bright gifted musician.

Creativity Shostakovich is inseparable from the modern era, from the great events of the 20th century. With a huge dramatic force and conquering passion, he captured the grand social conflicts. In his music, images of peace and war, light and darkness, humanity and hatred are faced.
Military 1941-1942 years. In the "Iron Nights" of Leningrad, illuminated by bombs and shells, the seventh symphony arises - "Symphony of the All-Labor Courage", as they called. It was performed not only with us, but also in the United States, in France, England and other countries. This work during the war years strengthened the faith in the triumph of the world over the fascist darkness, truth - over black lies of Hitler's fauna.

Last time went away. Shostakovich writes the "Song of the Forests". The bugger glow of fires replaces a new day of peaceful life - the music of this orator says about it. And after her choral poems, preludes and fugues for piano, new quartets, symphonies appear.

The content reflected in the works of Shostakovich demanded new expressive tools, new artistic techniques. He found these means and techniques. His style is distinguished by a deep individual peculiarity, genuine innovation. The wonderful Soviet composer belonged to the number of those artists who are going by the uncomfortable paths, enriching art, expanding its capabilities.
Shostakovich written a huge number of works. Among them - fifteen symphony, concerts for piano, violin and cello with orchestra, quartets, trio and other chamber instrumental writings, vocal cycle "From Jewish People's Poetry", Opera "Katerina Izmailov" on the leadership "Lady McBet Mtsensky district", ballets , Operetta "Moscow, Cheryomushki". He owns music for the films "Child Mountains", "Counter", "Great Citizen", "Man with a gun", "Young Guard", "Meeting on the Elbe", "Hamlet", "Hamlet" and others. Widely known song on Poems B. Kornilova from the film "The Counter" - "We Morning Morning Meets Cool."

Shostakovich also led an active social life and fruitful pedagogical work.