Russian portrait artists appeared at the beginning of the 14th century to our era. The masters of the brush of that time had limited tools, so often resorted to stylized drawings. It was impossible to be called surrealism, but the paintings were certainly suffered from insufficient study of the details. Later, Russian portrait artists and their work were reoriented to the design of temples. Sacred painting masters painted walls and ceilings churches and cathedrals.

Early portrait art

Russian artists-portraitists and their paintings had their own distinctive signs, they were recognizable - each painter traced his own style in the work, besides, he was reading both priests and parishioners.

The brightest representative of that time is Andrei Rublev (1370-1428), who left behind the network: "Savior Almighty", "Arkhangel Mikhail", "Trinity", and other masterpieces of icon painting.

The contemporary of Rublev was the famous Iconpo Poofan Greek (1340-1410). For a long time they worked together. In the 90s, the 14th century artists painted the Annunciation Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Other Russian portraitist artists participated in the work. The amount of work was quite large. The main icons of the deesus series wrote a "prophetic" and part of the upper "French" row belong to the brush of Andei Rublev. Significant data confirming that they wrote the brand of large icons of the lower row, no, but the hand of a talented icon painter recognizable in these works.

Early Masters Portrait Painting

At the beginning of the 14th century, the engineering equipment was somewhat improved due to the appearance of thin-touch paints.

Russian portraitist artists of a later time:

• Dionysius (1440-1502), the favorite of King Ivan III. The monarch used to entrust the artist with the painting of some temple, and then periodically visited the icon painter and watched the work.
• Alexey teeth (1682-1750) is the largest master of Russian engraving art of Peter's first era. He worked together with the Father, an outstanding icon painter Fedor Teeth. Together they painted the Armory of the Moscow Kremlin.
• Nikitin Ivan (1680-1742) is a Russian artist, one of the first Russian masters of portrait painting, which was educated in Europe. Was in a special location in Peter the first. The most famous works of the artist - the Polish king of Augustus II and the Duke of Mecklenburgsky.

Russian artists-portraitists of the 18th century

Masters of the brush of past centuries, as a rule, were engaged in church painting. However, the 18th century was the time of the origin of portrait art in its pure form, when the painter reflects on the canvas the image of a particular person. Russian artists-portraitime time adhered to the classic school of visual art, involving the exact reproduction of the smallest details. In portrait painting, this technique as it is impossible to answer the tasks set in front of the Contractor - to achieve such an image so that it wore all signs of artistic style and was as reliable as possible. Work seemed quite painstaking and responsible. Nevertheless, the well-known Russian artists-portraitiestvolpno cope with it. Orders were more than enough, the whole courtie know, as well as members of the merchant guild guilds, ordered portraits of themselves and their loved ones.

Wealthy people preferred to invite painters to their home, because in this case the whole family could observe the process, and this was considered a good tone. A Russian portrait artist usually lived, so tried to take as much orders as possible. If, at the end of the work, the image of the head of the family liked all the households, then the painter received the next order in the same house. Thus, the Russian portraitist artist is in demand in the Higher Society and has not remained without work. The most successful masters were invited to the royal chambers to fulfill particularly important assignments.

Flooring portrait art

When the period of Renaissance occurred in the art of painting, many talented masters appeared in Russia.

Russian artists-portraitists of the 18th century:

• Anthropov Alexey (1716-1795) - the famous Russian portraitist, participated in the decorative design of the Winter Palace in 1744 and Tsarskoselsky in 1749. Under his leadership, artists painted the Andreev Church in Kiev. Since 1761, Anthrops have been introduced into Orthodox synod as the main overseer of iconographic works. In the history of Russian art, the artist entered as a talented portrait of the Petrovsky period.
• Borovikovsky Vladimir (1757-1825) was born in Mirgorod. He became famous after a meeting with Catherine II, who drove into Crimea in 1787. The artist painted one of the palaces on the path of the Empress and was noticed by it. Catherine expressed his admiration and awarded Borovikovsky money, which he subsequently went to St. Petersburg.
• Venetsianov Alexey (1780-1847) is a Russian artist, the founder of the plot domestic genre in portrait painting. Fame he brought the work "Portrait of Mother", written in 1801. Studied art drawing u
• Cyprosen Oest (1782-1836) - an outstanding artist, debuted in 1804 with a portrait of A. K. Walbe, who was written in the manner of Rembrandt. The famous work "E. V. Davydov", created in 1809, strengthened the Renome of the artist. Many Cyprosen's canvases are stored in the Tretyakov Gallery.
• Tropinin Vasily (1776-1857) - a Russian artist who became famous after writing a portrait of A.S. Pushkin on the order of the poet itself. The picture was intended for S. A. Sobolevsky, a friend of Alexander Sergeevich. The portrait became a classic image of a great poet for all times.

Portrait art in the 19th century

Russian portraitist artists of the 19th century are a whole Pleiad of talented painters who applied to the genre of the image of a human face. The most famous of them:

• Neff Timofey (1805-1876) - a follower of academic style in art, historical portrait. He studied painting in the Dresden Art High School. In 1826 he moved to St. Petersburg, where he immediately acquired fame by writing a series of portraits of famous people. In 1837 he went on a long journey through Russia to familiarize themselves with the folklore deep and the life of a simple people. After returning, the church of the Winter Palace painted, the famous "Last Supper" was included in the number of these works. Got a professorship for the painting of St. Isaac's Cathedral, at the same time became the keeper of the Gallery of the Hermitage Painting.
• Zakharov Petr (1816-1846) - Russian portrait painter with difficult fate. A three-year-old boy was found in the abandoned Chechen Dadi Yurt. Russian General Yermolov took the child to upbringing. Noticing the ability of the adopted son to draw, he gave a little Petya for learning to Portraitist Lero Volkov. In 1836, Zakharov graduated from the course at the Academy of Arts and received the title of a free artist.
• (1822-1897) - a Russian painter, many paintings wrote for a long creative life. The artist's work, and portraits, including those created at different times, are located in the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Academy of Arts and Exhibition Halls throughout Russia. In 1844, Makarov moved to St. Petersburg, where he won the recognition of the metropolitan public.

Painter Pictretteist of Tyranov

The Russian portraitist (1808-1859) was engaged in icon painting creativity. In 1824, he met the artist Venetsianov, who determined the young man into his school of painting, and when he graduated from his studies, made a listener to the Academy of Arts. The further fate of the young painter has developed successfully, he received a small gold medal from the Academy, in 1836 he became a student at Mastytar Karl Bryullov. For his work, the "girl with Tamburin" was granted by the rank of academician. Being in Rome wrote his main faces: "Girl squeezing water from hair", "Angel with an oil branch", "Moisa's mother on the bank of the Nile." Then, on the return of the artist to St. Petersburg, the artist suffered a strip of failure, and he turned into a beggar. The shelter found in the house of Brother in the city of Kashin. There are Tyranov and died at the age of 51.

Unsurpassed portrait technique

Zarynko Sergey (1818-1870) - a wonderful Russian portraitist, famous for the indescribable game of light and shadow on his canvases. The artist's technique is so pronounced that the inner world of the person depicted on the canvas is assessed in the richness of shades and halftone. Total Zaryanko wrote about hundreds of portraits, most of whom are devoted to the emperor, his family and the highest courtly nobility.

Pupil Matra

Zheloieko Leonid (1827-1879) - Russian portrait painter, student of the Moscow artist Zaryanko and St. Petersburg Master Markova, teacher of the Academy of Arts. I wrote mostly female portraits. Got the title of academician for the picture "Girl behind Washing". He was a permanent participant in annual exhibitions under the auspices of the Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg.

Artist dramatic style

Kramskaya Ivan Nikolaevich (1837-1887) is an outstanding master of portrait painting, religious wall paintings, genre drawing. Author of cloths depicting famous writers, artists, artists, including: L. N. Tolstoy (year 1883rd), M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin (year 1879), I. I. Shishkin (year 1873 -Y), S. P. Botkin (year 1880th), P. M. Tretyakov (year 1876).

The artist all his life adhered to the philosophical and dramatic subtext in his works, especially this is noticeable in portrait pictures: "Unknown", "N.A. Nekrasov", "Rezazy Mountain", which were created in the period from 1877 to 1884. These masterpieces are located in the Tretyakov Gallery.

Art portraits in the 20th century

The twentieth century was a difficult period for Russia. Political shocks, two bloody wars imposed their imprint on the development of the country. And nevertheless, art was alive, painting, including portrait, was revived in the post-war years. Artists were a bit, but they all went through a good school.

Russian artists Portraitists of the 20th century:

• Engels Kozlov - Soviet portrait artist, was born in 1926, he graduated from the Yaroslavl Art School, then entered the course of painting of the Leningrad Institute of Repin. In 1956, presented his graduation commission of his thesis "will live!" He is a member of the Union of Artists since 1957. The main theme of Kozlov's creativity is portraits of contemporaries.
• Lomakin Oleg is a portrait painter of the Soviet period, born in 1924. Engaged in the Leningrad Art School, then in the All-Russian Academy of Arts. In 1942, he was called up to the Red Army, fought under Kursk, where he received a difficult injury and was expelled from the army series. Portraits written by the artist were exhibited at exhibitions since 1952.
• Neverštain Samuel (1904-1983) - a portrait of the painter, graduated from Vhutemas. On the artist's account several dozen works. The main theme of the creativity of the Neveršean was portraits of contemporaries. Portreet held five personal exhibitions, they all went through in Leningrad, the first show took place in 1944.
• Oreshnikov Victor (1904-1987) - Soviet painter and portraitist. People's Artist of the Soviet Union, laureate of two Stalinist premiums. In the work, the plots devoted to the achievements in the national economy and portraits of contemporaries were dominated.
• - Russian portrait painter, born in 1943. Creator of unique orientation. Actively participates in public life, a member of the Public Council under the President of Russia.

Famous artists portrait genre

For six hundred years who have passed since the appearance of pictorial art, not one generation of artists has changed. In addition to the painters already mentioned, there existed quite a lot of other masters.

Who are they - artists-portraitists Russians? The list is presented below.

• Musician Grigori Semenovich, a court artist-portraitist.
• Gzel Georg, Swiss painter, worked for a long time in Russia.
• Nikitin Ivan Nikitich, court artist.
• Vishnyakov Ivan Yakovlevich, portraitist for aristocracy.
• Bells Mina Lukich, fortress artist.
• Matveyevich, court portrait.

• Ugryumov Grigory Ivanovich, peasant artist.
• Noborian portrait painter.
• Oryolsky Alexander Osipovich, artist noble.
• Sokolov Peter Fedorovich, portraitist for aristocracy.

Famous Russian artists

In a motley, the years of distant childhood was especially bright in the memory of Vladimir Alexandrovich Vasilyeva one wonderful summer day. "I think this day decisive in my life of the artist. I first survived then the feeling of special happiness, the completeness of life, which so often covered me later, when I became an artist, in those moments, when you stay alone with nature and you will always have it with some new and joyful amazement.

Korovin Konstantin Alekseevich, famous Russian painter and theater artist. He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture - on the Architectural Office (1875), and then (from 1876) on the picturesque from I. Sanishnikova., V, Perov, L. Savrasova! and V. Polenova. For several months (1882-83) studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. End of art education in School (1883-1886).

Kramskaya Ivan Nikolaevich
(1837-1887)

Kramskaya Ivan Nikolaevich, an outstanding Russian painter and a progressive artisticist. Born in Ostrogogsk Voronezh province in the poor Meshchansky family. Initial knowledge received in the county school. Drawing was engaged in childhood alone. At sixteen, he entered the retouishes to one Kharkov photographer

Kindji Arkhip Ivanovich
(1842-1910)

A.I. Kindji was the son of a poor Greg's Supozhnika from Mariupol, early orphaned, and in just life he had to seek himself. In the early 1860s, the passion for drawing led him to St. Petersburg, where he tried twice to enter the Academy of Arts, but unsuccessfully. It was not enough training, because all his picturesque experience he acquired, being a retoucher in a photographic workshop.

Kustodiev Boris Mikhailovich
(1878 - 1927)

Kustodiev Boris Mikhailovich, outstanding Russian Soviet painter, schedule, theater artist, sculptor. Born in Astrakhan, his childhood, adolescence and youth passed on the Volga shores. Subsequently, being a famous painter, he lived in a village under Kineshma for a long time, built a house-workshop there, called "Terem". On the Volga Kustodiev grew up and matured as an artist. The Volga and Volzhanam devoted many of their cloths. The native land gave him a deep knowledge of Russian life and folk life, love for noisy crowded fairs to golyany, Balaganm, the bright and joyful paints that entered into Russian painting.

Lagorio Lev Feliksovich
(1827-1905)

Lagorio Lev Feliksovich - Russian painter-landscape officer, marinist. Born in the family of the Neapolitan Consul in Feodosia. His teacher was I. K. Aivazovsky. Since 1843, Lagorio was engaged in St. Petersburg at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg at the Academy of Arts and M. N. Vorobyeva.

Levitan Isaac Ilyich
(1861-1900)

Born in the town of Kibarda in Lithuania in the family of the railway employee. He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1873-74) at A. Savrasova and B, Polenov. From 1884 he spoke at the exhibitions of the Mobile Partnership; From 1891 - a member of the partnership. From 1898 - Academician of landscape painting. Levitan created many wonderful, penetrating images of Russian nature. In his work, it was developed that the lyrical beginning was inherent in painting of his teacher and mentor A. Savrasov.

Malevich Kazimir Severinovich
(1878-1935)

The name of Kazimir Malevich rapidly gained a place-like place in the history of Russian art, as soon as the official Soviet ideology collapsed. It happened with the greater ease that the great artist has long gained strong fame outside the Fatherland. The bibliography devoted to him to publish a separate publication, and for nine ties it consists of books and articles in foreign languages: numerous studies in Russian began to be published since the late 1980s, when the first large exhibition Malevich was held in his homeland after decades of squeezing and hula.

Malyutin Sergey Vasilyevich
(1859-1937)

The future artist was born on September 22, 1859 in the Moscow merchant family. Left for three years round orphans, he brought up in the house of aunt, his wife's small official. The boy was given to the commercial school, and then on accounting courses, after the end of which was determined to serve as a root in Voronezh. Artistic inclinations manifested him early. But the surrounding situation has little contributed to their development. Only in the late 1870s, hitting the mobile exhibition opened in Voronezh, Malyutin first saw genuine painting. Ancientary uncertain dreams have gained concreteness: the decision came, in spite of any difficulties, to become an artist.

Nesterov Mikhail Vasilyevich
(1862- 1942)

Nesterov Mikhail Vasilyevich, an outstanding Russian Soviet artist. Born in Ufa in a merchant family. He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1877-86) and at the Academy of Arts at V. Pryov, I. Spainishnikova and P. Chistyakov. Initially tried himself in the domestic genre: "victim of buddies" (1881), "Exam in a rural school" (1884). In 1882 he married Mary Martynova, who died in 1885 from childbirth. This tragedy has greatly influenced the continued creativity of the artist. He threw the lightweight genres and turned to historical - religious theme.

Perov Vasily Grigorievich
(1834-1882)

One of the prosecutors of realistic painting of the 60s was Vasily Grigorievich Pereov - The successor of Fedotov's accusatory tendencies. In the excitement and anxieties of Russian life it finds the soil for his work, that nutrient medium, without which the artist cannot exist. Perov boldly and openly rushes into battle, swaying falsity and hypocrisy of church rites ( "Rural procession for Easter", 1861), Tunes and Popov and Monks ( "Tea drinking in Mytishchi", 1862; Both in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow).

Polenov Vasily Dmitrievich
(1844- 1927)

Born in St. Petersburg in the art family. Mother is an artist, father - the famous archaeologist and bibliographer, a member of the Academy of Sciences, an expert and lover of arts. As a child, he studied music. He graduated from the gymnasium in Petrozavodsk and entered the Academy of Arts (1863) in the class of historical painting and at the same time at the Faculty of Law of the St. Petersburg University. However, he did not throw and sang at the academic chore for some time. In the years of study, he visited Germany and France, admiring R. Wagner and J. Offenbach.

Repin Ilya Efimovich
(1844-1933)

Repin Ilya Efimovich, an outstanding Russian artist, a representative of democratic realism. Born in Chuguev Kharkiv province in the family of the military settler. Thirteen years began to study painting in Chuguev at the artist N. Bunakova. He worked in icon painter artels. In 1863 came to St. Petersburg and entered the drawing school of society the promotion of art. I met I. Kramsky, who became a mentor of a young artist for many years.

Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich
(1874- 1947)

Roerich Nikolai Konstantinovich, outstanding Russian artist, art historian, archaeologist and public figure. Born in St. Petersburg. He studied in St. Petersburg in the Gymnasium Maya (1883-93). Brew drawing lessons at M. Mikeshin. He graduated from the Law Faculty of St. Petersburg University (1893-96) and the picturesque department of the Academy of Arts (1893-97) by class A. Queenji. The latter sought to develop in his student a sense of color decorative. Without refusing to work from nature, he insisted that the paintings wrote down in memory. The artist was supposed to enter the design of the painting.

Savitsky Konstantin Apollonovich
(1844-1905)

Savitsky Konstantin Apollonovich, Russian Painter and Genver. Born in Taganrog in the family of a military doctor. In 1862 he entered the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, but as a result of insufficient preparedness, it was forced to leave and after two years of enhanced independent work in 1864 he again entered the Academy. In 1871 he received a small gold medal for the picture "Cain and Abel". Already in the academic years, I. Kramsky was close to artist, and later to the partnership of mobile art exhibitions and was exhibited at the 2nd Mobile Exhibition (1873). This opened dissatisfaction with the Academy Administration, which, having herself to the first thing that happened (not surrendered due to the marriage of the exam), excluded Savitsky from the Academy (1873).

Savrasov Alexey Kondratievich
(1830-1890)

There are paintings, without which it is unthinkable to present Russian art, just as it is impossible to present Russian literature without the "war and the world" of Tolstoy, "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin, and it does not have to be a big and complex work. Such a genuine pearl of Russian landscape painting was the small modest picture of Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasova (1830-1897) "Gracchi flew". She appeared at the first exhibition of the mobile partnership of 1871.

Serov Valentin Alexandrovich
(1865-1911)

Lastly at the life of V. A. Serov, and even more so after his death, the historians of art and artists argued - who serov: the last painter of the old school of the XIX century. Or a representative of new art? The correct thing for this question would be answered like this: both. Serov traditional; In the history of Russian painting, he could be called the son of Repin. But the genuine continuents of traditions do not stop in place, but go ahead and are looking for. Serov searched more than others. He did not know the sense of satisfaction. He was all the time on the way. Therefore, he became the artist who organically connected the art of the XIX and XX centuries.

Surikov Vasily Ivanovich
(1848-1916)

Surikov Vasily Ivanovich, an outstanding Russian historic painter and a genrist. "The ideals of historical types brought in me Siberia." Born in Krasnoyarsk in the family of the Cossack officer. His father, a passionate music lover, greatly played the guitar and was considered the best singer Krasnoyarsk. Mother was an excellent embroidery.

Fedotov Pavel Andreevich
(1815-1852)

Pavel Andreevich Fedotov was born in Moscow on June 22, 1815. Father served as an official and went to the service every morning. Fedotov's family was big, lived unboven, but did not experience special needs. Neighbors around were people simple - minor officials, retired military, poor merchants. Particularly friendly was Pavlusha Fedotov with the sons of Captain Golovachev, who lived on the contrary, and a little sister, "Vostrazaya Lyubochka", as he called her, was friends with Katten Golovacheva, his own peer.

Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich
(1832-1898)

Enter the Tretyakov Gallery Hall, where the paintings of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin hang, and it will seem to you, as if he was rejoyed by a wet breath of the forest, fresh wind fields, became sunny and lighter. In the pictures of Shishkin, we see that early morning in the forest after the night storm, then endless expanses of the fields with a path running to the horizon, then the mysterious twilight of the forest thicket.

JUON Konstantin Fedorovich
(1875-1958)

Fate in all confusion K. F. Johnu.. He lived a long life. He had an uncomfortable happy marriage. The surroundings loved him. He never had to fight the need. Success came to him very early and always happened to him. After the revolution, honors, high awards, titles, guidelines, as it were, were looking for him. Advanced was less - this is a breaking over for several years with the Father (employees of the Bank) because of the marriage of John on the peasant and the early death of one of the sons.

Russian artists

N. P. Akimov He fell into St. Petersburg at all, and almost his whole life turned out to be firmly related to this city. He studied in the studio S. M. Zeydenberg (1915-18), after a few years he entered ah, but left her without having done. He was engaged in book graphics and managed to create a name for himself, but truly found himself in scenography. The work in the theater was so fascinated by him that in the late 1920s. He also appealed to the director, making it the second, if not the first, profession: in 1933 he headed the Leningrad Music Hall, and in 1935 the famous Leningrad Comedy Theater, whose artistic director remained to death (except 1949-55 . When was forced to go to another team).

Nissky Georgy Grigorievich
(1903-1987)

The artist's childhood passed on a small railway station near Gomel. Local painter V. Zorin, who saw the pictures of the young man, advised him to continue the classes of visual art. Having reached the Council, the Nissky entered the Gomel Studio of the Fine Arts named after M. Vrubel. His abilities were noticed and in 1921 sent to Moscow to preparatory courses at the highest artistic workshops in 1923, the Nissky moved to the picturesque department, where His teachers were A. D. Treet and R. R. Falk.

Pakhomov Alexey Fedorovich
(1900-1973)

In the Vologda region near the city of Kadnikov on the banks of the river, the village of Varlamov was spread. There, on September 19 (October 2), 1900, the peasant of Efimi Petrovna Pakhomoy was born a boy, who was called Alexei. His father, Fedor Dmitrievich, took place from the "specific" landpashers who did not know the horrors of serfdom. This circumstance played not the last role in the lifeguard and prevailing characteristics of the character, the ability to stay simply, calmly, with dignity.

XIX century left indelible prints on all types of art. This is the time of changing social norms and requirements, colossal progress in architecture, construction and industry. In Europe, reforms and revolutions are actively being carried out, banking and government organizations are being created, and all these changes directly affected artists. Foreign artists of the XIX century transferred painting to a new more modern level, gradually introducing such directions as impressionism and romanticism, which had to pass a lot of tests before becoming recognized society. Artists of the past centuries were in no hurry to endow their characters with stormy emotions, but depicted them more or less restrained. But impressionism had an unbridled and brave fantastic world in his features, which brightly combined with a romantic mystery. In the XIX century, artists began to think non-standard, completely rejecting the adopted patterns, and this power of the Spirit is transmitted in the mood of their works. During this period, many artists worked, the names of which we still consider the great, and their works are inimitable.

France

Spain

The Pyrenean Peninsula also presented us with a lot of famous names, including:

Netherlands

Vincent Van Gogh is one of the most outstanding Dutch. As everyone knows, Van Gogh suffered a strong mental disorder, but it did not affect his inner genius. Completed in an unusual technique, his paintings became popular only after the death of the artist. The most famous: "Starry night", "Irises", "Sunflowers" enter the list of the most expensive works of art all over the world, although Van Gogh had no special art education.

Norway

Edward Munk is a native of Norway, famous for his painting. The creativity of Edward Minka is dramatically distinguished by melancholism and some recklessness. The death of mother and his native sister in childhood and unfavorable relations with the ladies was very influenced by the artist's painting manner. For example, the well-known work "Creek" and no less popular - "Sick Girl" carry pain, suffering and oppression.

USA

Kent Rockwell is one of the famous American landscape players. His work combines realism and romanticism, which very precisely conveys the mood of the depicted. On his landscapes you can watch clocks and each time to interpret the characters in different ways. Few artists managed to portray the winter nature so that people looking at her truly experienced cold. Saturation of colors and contrast is a recognizable handwriting of Rockwell.

The XIX century is rich in bright creators who have made a huge contribution to art. Foreign artists of the XIX century opened the doors to several new directions, such as postpressionism and romanticism, which, in fact, turned out to be a difficult task. Most of them tirelessly proved the society that their work has the right to exist, but it managed to many, unfortunately, only after death. Their unbridled character, courage and readiness for the struggle are combined with the exceptional talent and ease of perception, which gives them the full right to occupy a substantial and significant cell.

Written directly from nature, lively communicating with the model, by directly studying it and observation, the portrait is the basis of realistic art. The development of realism begins with a portrait. In Russia, the portrait appeared later than in Europe. The Russian portrait Only to the Rubeze of the XVII and XVIII century finally took shape in an independent genre.

The Russian portrait developed amazingly quickly - from Parsun of the late XVII century to the portraits of Rockotov, Schubin, Levitsky, Borovikovsky in the XVIII century, which, with full right, you can put in one row with the best examples of modern European portrait art. This unusually fast and fruitful development is explained to a large extent that Russian artists knew the western masters well, they studied with them, never blindly impact, retaining their national peculiarity.

Humanism, special attention to person and cordiality make up one of the main features of Russian portrait art. Russian enlightenment, which has developed a high idea of \u200b\u200bthe value of the human person, had a large and fruitful influence on portrait art. It is successfully developing in the first half of the XIX century, reaching the vertices in the portraits of the bullov, affecting the emotionality of the images and the beauty of the plastic form.

The second half of the XIX century was sometimes the heyday of Russian realistic portrait art. It clearly reflects the new idea of \u200b\u200bthe value of the human person, the activities and the creative strength of which are aimed at serving the people. At this time, the circle of models is resolutely changing - portraits of advanced national culture figures prevail. Artists have always been very objectively gave an assessment to a person, his social significance and place in the life of Russian society. But the seal of the historic era and the clear features of the nationality did not muffle the brightness of the individual characteristics. The realistic portrait art of Democratic artists resolutely opposed the exhaust, flattering salon portraits of academic and court painters.

In the XIX century, no country of Europe had such a brilliant constellation of portrait artists, as Russia, where such masters such as N. Ge, V. Persov, I. Kramskaya, N. Yaroshenko, I. Repin were almost simultaneously worked. The names of V. Vasnetsov and V. Surikov must be deserved to deservedly. These artists are the main creators and the creators of not only the brightest portrait characteristics of outstanding Russian people, but also typical representatives of the people themselves. They are primarily in the portrait, they understood the beauty and spiritual value of the Russian man. Russian art has always had the overall, the main basis of its being. And this foundation is high humanism, peoples that permeate Russian historical and genre painting and brightly manifested in the portrait. The Russian portrait is impressive with its emotional strength, the ability to deeply express the inner world of man in its entirety and significance.

Trend of truthful, direct reflection in the painting of modern life with its social contrasts, interest and desire to express the deep inner world of the human soul, to reveal ethical values \u200b\u200bwith the inhuman of bourgeois social defendant - all this has acquired the fundamental character in the work of artists of the Democratic Russian school of the second half of the XIX century.

The second half of the XIX century in Russian painting was the time of the brilliant heyday of democratic realism. The decisive change that occurred in the literature and art in the 40s-60s of the XIX century, was primarily in the fact that Russian writers, poets, musicians and artists turned to the people, his thinks and aspirations. The life of the people has become the main content of their works. The consequence of this was the wide and intensive development of genre painting with its concrete plots from the life of the city and the village. Most genre artists were engaged in portrait painting.

Never in painting did not appear such a significant number of portraits of outstanding progressive era figures, and in each of these portraits, it is not only a vivid expression by an individual appearance of a writer or a scientist, a musician or artist, but the seal of the historical era and clear features of nationality. This is undoubtedly Russian people. And in portraits of ordinary people, artists celebrated the most valuable and bright sides of the national character.

The main view of the portrait painting was the portrait of the machine, but most of the semi-imaginary: the structure and position of the hands, not even gesticulating, always enhances the characteristic of the model. At this time, official front portraits were almost completely disappeared, so often found in the XVIII and in the first half of the XIX century, as well as pair marriage portraits (thanks to which the possibility of expressive contrast of characters). Now the artist's attention focused only on one personality. In addition, no group portrait was created for the whole second half of the century, with the exception of few family portraits.

Russian artists are representatives of democratic culture, they sought to capture a picturesque image of a reliable, distinguished convincing portrait of his contemporary.

The number of portraits of socially significant personalities is clearly dominated. It is appropriate to note the activities of P.M. Tretyakova, who, having started collecting a collection of portraits of Russian culture workers, assumed that this collection should be part of the national gallery conceived by him.

Already by the end of the 70s, the Tretyakov Gallery, continuously replenished, had almost all the best, which was created and again created by Russian realistic art.

The second half of the XIX century was a period of the heyday of Russian democratic art opposing the reactionary art of the ruling classes. Russian painting, which is an important part of the culture, has acquired a definitely democratic nature.

Absolutely, the appeal of Democratic artists to portrait painting. The portrait in the era of the 60-90s acquired an unprecedented value. Advanced artists, like other progressive figures of that era, understood the whole importance and value of the human personality, the activities and creative strength of which are aimed at serving the people.

The portrait in its essence, not a simple image of a person, and basically implies not only the transfer of external, but also the transfer of internal, the expression of properties, the essence, the soul of a person, and not just the image of his appearance, its external manifestations.

The Russian portrait Only to the Rubeze of the XVII and XVIII century finally took shape in an independent genre. Next, having passed a long way from a sign of social superiority, successfully develops in the first half of the XIX century, reaching the vertices in the portraits of the second half of the XIX century, affecting the emotionality of the images and the beauty of the plastic form. Humanism, special attention to the person is one of the main features of Russian portrait art. Thanks to these qualities, recognizing the value of the individual, the portrait gets particularly widespread development in Russian art.

07/06/2019 at 15:34 · VeraschegoLeva. · 11 620

Top 10 most famous portrait artists whose names should know each

Portrait is an image of a group of persons or one person with absolute accuracy. This is usually a drawing made in a certain style.

The artist-portraitist reproduces an image of memory or draws a person from nature. Through its paintings, portraights transfer not only the appearance of people, but also their unique features, character traits.

The portrait is the individual attitude of the artist to a specific person. Such an interpretation of the human elitism, exclusive and not everyone is available, so it is valuable and very attractive.

Consider the most famous portrait artists who best revealed the spiritual essence of people through paintings.

10. Antonis Wang Duck

Antonis Wang Dyk. - schedule and, master of religious plots and court portrait. His homeland is Belgium.

This artist was a welcome, he created his self portrait at fourteen years. When Van Dieka was eighteen, he was accepted in the Holy Luke Guild, which united the printers, sculptors and artists.

At the twentieth age, Wang Duck has already begun to create portraits of aristocrats, which were distinguished by incredible skill. Usually portraitists reached such a level to forty years.

The master always paid a lot of attention to his hands: they were beautiful, graceful, relaxed, with long fingers. Wang Dequean works can be found in the manner to draw hands.

Wang Duck lived in Italy, was a court artist in England.

Famous portraits: "Head of the Elder", "Family Portrait", "Portrait of Cardinal Guido Betetivo", "Portrait of Charles I on Hunting".

9. Hans Golbaine

Hans Golbien Jr. - One of the most famous German artists. He studied to draw a senior from the Holbaine, his father who specialized in altar painting.

Master became famous in twenty-year age. He was an artist at the court of Heinrich VIII.

Portraits created by Hans Holbein are very accurate, he with maximum clarity transmitted images, the characters of the people depicted. The artist with confidence played with a light, he loved to allocate various small details, emphasizing his design.

Many portraits of the master are not devoid of sarcasm and irony: they gave it a true attitude towards the depicted persons.

Famous portraits: "Portrait of Thomas Mora", "Portrait of Erasmus Rotterdam", "Portrait of Heinrich VIII".

8. Diego Velasquez

Diego Velasquez - Painter from Spain, court artist Philip IV. Velasquez began learning painting when he was ten years old.

Already in the eighteenth age, the artist managed to open his own workshop: Francisco Pacheco helped him, his teacher.

At the beginning of the creative path, Velasquez depicted still lifes, various kitchen scenes. The features of these paintings became blooming, color saturation.

Then the master moved to the capital and became a court painter. He not only wrote customary portraits, but also tried to capture the most unfortunate, humiliated people: freaks, jesters, dwarfs.

Famous portraits: "Instruener", "Old cook", "Portrait of the King of Spain Philip IV in the armor", "Portrait of a lady with fan", "Jester Juan Austrian".

7. Ilya Efimovich Repin

Ilya Efimovich Repin - Russian artist, professor, teacher, member of the Imperial Academy of Arts. One of the main representatives of Russian realism.

In his youth, the artist lived in poverty. He tried to earn, exposing his paintings for sale.

Then, for good studies in, Repin got the opportunity to go to Europe to study foreign art. By that time he had already won quite greater fame and began to receive major orders.

Distinctive features of Repin creativity are frequent appeals to emotional peaks, the display of social alarms and tasks, a subtle psychologist.

Famous portraits: "Portrait of a Lion Tolstoy", "Portrait of the Mussorgsky", "Portrait of Mother", "Portrait of Konstantin Petrovich Victoryossev".

6. Rembrandt Wang Rhine

Rembrandt. - Artist from Holland, Master of Lights, Engraver. He was one of the largest representatives of the Golden Age of Dutch Painting.

In his paintings, the whole range of human experiences was embodied. Rembrandt preferred minor details and reveal the mental state of the person's depicted.

The future master began to learn to draw when he was thirteen years old. He was constantly in creative search and created paintings in various genres: portraits, genre scenes, landscapes, still lifes and so on.

Famous portraits: "Young Sasquia", "Portrait of Yana Lambart", "Flora", "Portrait of Mary Trip".

5. Peter Paul Rubens

Rubens - Flemish painter, collector, diplomat. He became one of the main representatives of the Baroque art. In portrait art, the masters talent revealed to the fullest. For him, gesticulation, view, turn of the head, the pose of the model were always very important.

Depicting the representatives of the beautiful floor, Rubens, as it were, enjoyed their sensuality, femininity, pomp body.

The artist possessed very much ability to work: he could create pictures from morning to evening. Working, Rubens loved talking to talk with students and visitors.

Famous portraits: "Portrait of the Marquis of Brigitta Spinola Doria", "Portrait of Camerics Infanta Isabella", "Portrait of Elena Furman with two children."

4. Albrecht Dürer

Dürer - Graph and painter from Germany, one of the most famous representatives of the Western European Renaissance. He left behind not only paintings, but also treatises, engraving.

Albrecht Durer was engaged in improving the art of xylography. He lived in Italy, studied creative methods of Italian artists.

Durer created a lot of self-portraits, especially he liked to draw himself in his youth. His creativity permeates the desire to know the laws of nature, as well as the attraction to the ideal, harmonious beauty. It is imbued with high fellows of feelings, the Bunlet Spirit.

Famous portraits: "Portrait of Erasma Rotterdam", "Portrait of Bernard von Rizena", "Emperor Maximilian I".

3. Titian

Titian Veverielio - Famous painter from Italy. His creativity is associated with eternity and immortality. The brushes of this artist attributed magic properties in his life.

Titian created wonderful portraits: it seemed that the souls of the pictured people were hiding in them. He wrote a lot of epic paintings on mythological and religious topics.

Titian's path in creativity was fruitful and long: the artist lived almost to a hundred years. His paintings have repeatedly copied, but no one could achieve the same level of skill.

Famous portraits: "Portrait of Petro Aretino", "Portrait of Charles V", "Portrait of a young woman".

2. Rafael Santia

Raphael - Italian schedule, painter and. His paintings reflected the ideals of revival.

The world has become cleaner and kind when they began to watch the eyes of Rafael Madonne depicted by Raphael: Pasadinskaya, Siskstinskaya, Orleans, a contest.

He mastered the most different emotional shades in the pictures. Rafael was considered one of the most "balanced" artists. The master died very early, at the age of 37, but left behind a colossal artistic heritage.

Famous portraits: "Donna Velat", "Portrait of Castiglion", "Portrait of Julia II", "Portrait of Lion X with two cardinals".

1. Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci - Italian artist, architect, sculptor, scientist, musician,. He was a unique "universal person."

Research, discoveries, Creation Da Vinci ahead of the time not one era. He helped in the development of urban planning, anatomy.

The appearance of Da Vinci also struck: angel appearance, high growth and incredible power.

For this artist, painting was a supplement to science: he was always aimed at fixing reality.

Famous portraits: "Mona Lisa", "Lady with Mornostham", "Portrait of Jinerva de Benci", "Portrait of a musician".

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