Jan brueghel the younger paintings. Flemish painter Jan Brueghel (the Younger)

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Jan Brueghel the Younger is a member of a dynasty of Flemish artists who made their name a brand recognizable at first sight. His paintings - be they biblical subjects, or the image of a vase of flowers - are cinematic down to the smallest detail, and his co-authors are no less brilliant than himself.

"Magpie on the gallows"

Jan Brueghel the Younger was born on September 13, 1601 in Antwerp in the family of the Flemish artist Jan Bruegel the Elder (Velvet) (1568−1625), the son of the founder of the dynasty - Pieter Bruegel the Elder (Muzhitsky). His uncle is a talented painter - Pieter Bruegel the Younger (Infernal).

All the descendants of this family are so connected to each other that it is worth telling about the dynasty, starting with its founder.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder was born around 1525 (1530?). According to one version - in the city of Breda in the Kempen district, according to the other - in the nearest village to the town of Bruegel (or Bruegel) in the Netherlands. So the Bruegel surname comes precisely from the place of birth.

Little is known about the parents of Pieter Bruegel the Elder. It is believed that he was - either from a family of peasants, or - not too wealthy townspeople. In his youth, Pieter Bruegel moved to the port city of Antwerp, where he began to study graphics and painting in the workshop of the famous admirer of Italian painting Peter Cook (Cucca) van Aelst, ex-court painter of King Charles V.

Upon completion of his studies, Pieter Bruegel was admitted to the Antwerp Guild of Artists of St. Luke. In 1550, Cook van Aelst died, but Pieter Bruegel continued to communicate with his family.

In 1551 Bruegel went to work in the workshop of the enterprising publisher Hieronymus Kokku, who printed and sold prints. There he saw many prints from the paintings of Hieronymus Bosch, and on the instructions of Kokk began to make very exact copies of them, and then, and his own variations from his paintings. Bruegel is a virtuoso, but he mastered the style and technique of the great maestro, which was readily used by the resourceful Cook. For example, the engraving "Big fish eat small ones" was once sold for huge sums of money and signed by "Hieronymus Bosch." Soon the authorship was protested, and a scandal erupted.

In 1561 the artist moved to Brussels. In 1563 - he married the young daughter of his teacher Peter Cook - Maiken (Mary). In this marriage, he had two sons and a daughter, Maria: in 1564 - Pieter Brueghel the Younger and in 1568 - Jan Brueghel the Elder.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder for the time being was considered an artist - "humorist", as he often depicted with humor, or with irony, pictures of everyday life of ordinary peasants replete with precise details. For example, "Peasant Wedding", "Children's Games", "Hunters in the Snow", "The Battle of Maslenitsa and Lent". It is known that he himself often studied nature, showing up at a peasant wedding with his merchant friend under the guise of relatives of the groom or bride, and offering generous gifts.

However, later, behind the gloomy humor of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, they saw sarcasm and even an existential crisis, reflecting the historical realities of the modern era of change, which reshaped the borders of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries.

The Netherlands, under Spanish protectorate, was plagued by high taxes and religious wars. This was during the reign of Philip II, the heir to the Habsburgs.

His adviser, the Duke of Alba, nicknamed "Bloody", brutally suppressed any protests of the population, burned Protestant preachers, opened a witch hunt, competing in cruelty with the "achievements" of the Great Inquisition in Spain itself, and dealt with people on an anonymous denunciation.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder never kept diaries, did not write articles about art, and even burned a number of his sketches before his death, so that nothing would hint at his dissatisfaction with the regime and cause trouble for his wife.

Most likely, maestro Bruegel used the Aesopian language in both "peasant" and biblical subjects, which were written as scenes from the life of the Netherlands. For example, "Massacre of Babies", "Census of the Population in Bethlehem" (the snowy Central European landscape in the picture does not in any way resemble the north of Israel), "Triumph of Truth", "Forty on the Gallows". His most famous painting was The Tower of Babel.

Pieter Bruegel the Elder died of an unknown illness on September 5, 1569 in Brussels, when the youngest, Jan, was barely a year old, and the eldest, Pieter Bruegel the Younger, was 5 years old. He did not have time to teach his sons. And many of his paintings were sold out before they were born. Their mother died in 1678.

Jan Bruegel "Velvet" - master of flower miniature

Pieter Brueghel the Younger and Jan Brueghel the Elder took care of the grandchildren and the teaching of painting by their maternal grandmother, Maria Verhulst Bessemers.

The brothers made copies from the prints and sketches of their father, but Pieter Brueghel the Younger, although he created brilliant works, remained captive to the glory and style of the famous ancestor, and Jan tried to go out and find his own style: bright, sophisticated and optimistic. Perhaps his work was influenced by a talented grandmother - Maria Verhulst Bessemers.

“It was said about Maria Bessemer that she accepted the challenge of miniaturist Anna Smeiters. To the image of a mill half the size of a grain of wheat, she added a boy holding a toy mill in his hand - also quite distinguishable, ”writes Claude Henri Roquet. “However, to tell the truth, Maria's talent was not at all in such tricks — not in the ability to“ shoe a flea ”or create another curiosity that cannot be made without a jeweler's or watchmaker's magnifying glass, but in the power of imagination and originality of compositional solutions. If I were to write a scientific (albeit imaginary) biography of Bruegel, I would undoubtedly reject the idea that he was taught painting by Peter Kukke. Maria Verhulst is more suitable for this role. It was she who could teach Peter - as she taught her grandson Jan thirty years later. She could convey to Peter the technique of miniature and the technique of painting with tempera on linen canvas. After all, Bruegel, as it seems to me, combines in his paintings the principles of monumental composition, characteristic of tapestries, and the subtlety of miniature. "

Jan Bruegel the Elder, nicknamed Velvet or Floral for his love of elegance and luxury, also had a chance to study painting with the artists Peter Gutkint (Goetkindt) and Gillis van Conninckloh in Antwerp. Then he went to Italy to perfect his craft, like his famous father.

He spent 5 years in Rome, bringing together artists from Northern Europe. There he met a great connoisseur of art - Archbishop Frederigo Boromeo, who became his patron until the end of his life, and went with him to Milan.

In 1596, Jan Brueghel the Elder returned to Antwerp, was admitted to the Guild of St. Luke, and soon became the court painter of the Archduke Albrecht. In 1606 he became dean of the guild.

Jan Brueghel the Elder painted amazing landscapes, paintings based on biblical subjects, as well as flowers in vases of amazing detail. It was rumored that with the advent of primroses, he abandoned all works of a different genre until the very beginning of August, when "you can't wait for beautiful flowers." And only after the end of the "flower" season came the time for landscapes. He mastered all the styles of cabinet painting.

Jan Bruegel put art in a commercial way. He also traded in works of art, and his workshop was loaded with orders from patrons for many years to come.

He worked and traveled a lot, collecting paintings and other art objects. His work was admired by Peter Paul Rubens, who considered Jan Bruegel the Elder - the elder brother in art. It is not for nothing that they painted together the paintings "Return from the War", as well as - "Earthly Paradise", where the landscape belongs to Bruegel, and Adam and Eve belongs to Rubens. They say that Jan Brueghel the Elder felt the soul of flowers, and not just skillfully conveyed their color, texture and shape.

Jan Brueghel the Younger: burdened by fame

Two years after his birth Jan, his mother died and his father married Katharina van Marienburg, with whom he had 8 children.

Against the background of the successes of his grandfather, father and uncle Jan Brueghel the Younger, who also showed artistic abilities, there is nothing to do but go to his father's apprentices, making numerous copies and "re-singing" of the plots of his paintings, together with the artists who worked in the studio.

Having learned all the intricacies of the craft, in 1622 he went to Italy to improve his craft. Jan Brueghel the Younger, following the example of his father, went to Rome, to Milan, then to Palermo, where he met his childhood friend Anthony van Dyck.

In Italy, France, Austria, Jan Brueghel the Younger, like his father, did not go unnoticed by high-ranking patrons of art. In Milan, he fulfills the orders of his father's patron, Federico Borromeo. Not without his recommendation, he receives the first orders from the royals, and then becomes a famous artist, not inferior to the famous Jan Brueghel the Elder in skill, drawing details, love of floral arrangements and optimistic landscapes.

The paintings of Jan Brueghel the Elder and the Younger are sometimes indistinguishable to the point of confusion, which did not bother the members of this talented family at all. But it really hindered collectors and art critics who studied their work. Only modern methods of painting research provided invaluable help to connoisseurs.

Unlike his father, Jan Brueghel the Younger prefers larger paintings of flowers and landscapes to miniatures. For example, "A large bouquet of lilies, irises, tulips, orchids and peonies in a vase decorated with images of Amphitrite and Ceres."

According to art critics, this picture is one of his most successful creations. It is worth noting that the flowers depicted on it never bloom at the same time. Tulips - at the very beginning of spring, then - irises, lilies, and closer to autumn - peonies. They personify the triumph of nature, and ceramic vases - the frailty of everything earthly. The goddesses Amphitrite and Ceres are the most important union of Water and Earth for flowers.

In 1626, cholera raged in Antwerp, which claimed the lives of Jan Brueghel the Elder and his three youngest children - Peter, Elisabeth and Maria. His eldest son, Jan, has to interrupt his trip to Italy and return to the Netherlands in order to head his father's workshop.

For some time he worked there with his childhood friend Anthony van Dyck, then with his younger brother Ambrosius. Many of their paintings - landscapes, allegories framed with flowers, bright flowers in vases - continue the traditional themes of the first two generations of Bruegels. For example, "Christmas", "Madonna and Child in a flower garland", "Madonna and Child with little John the Baptist."

Jan Brueghel the Younger is a talented painter who for a long time remained in the shadow of the glory of his famous father. On some of his paintings, he put his signature, and then sold. Perhaps his own paintings were not so willingly bought.

Jan Brueghel the Younger creates such paintings as "Allegory of War", "Diana and Nymphs after the Hunt", "River Landscape with Birds". But their colors, according to critics, are poorer, the palette is more subdued than that of his father. Perhaps this is the psychological pressure of stellar ancestors.

Allegorical paintings by Jan Brueghel the Younger, like those of his uncle, Pieter Brueghel the Younger, always contain animals. True, in Jan Brueghel the Younger they become not just participants in the action, as in the "peasant" paintings of Pieter Brueghel the Younger, but also the main characters.

The state of affairs with recognition and low self-esteem changed only after his son took over the leadership of the workshop. Some believe that the palette has changed as well.

Upon his return from Italy, Jan Bruegel worked in collaboration with other famous artists of Antwerp, including Rubens, Hendrik van Baelen (1575-1632), Lucas Van Uden (1596-1672), David Teniers the Younger (1610-1690). Wonderful picture "Rural landscape with a well", demonstrated at the Bruegel exhibition in the Pushkin Museum im. Pushkin, was performed jointly with Jos De Momper the Younger.

Jan Brueghel the Younger is happy to give the landscape part of the work, because in the depiction of nature all Brueghel painters are outstanding masters.

Glory comes to Jan Brueghel the Younger along with the development of affairs in the workshop, and here he decides on his own signature: as "Breughel" instead of "Brueghel".

In 1626, Jan Brueghel the Younger married Anne-Marie Jenssens, the daughter of the painter Abraham Jenssens (or Jansens) van Nuyssen (circa 1567-1632), with whom he collaborated for some time as a co-author. In 1930 he became dean of the Guild of Saint Luke. In the same year, he received orders from French and then Austrian ships.

The well-known painting by Jan Brueghel the Younger "Allegory of Taste" depicts a young lady and a satyr eating oysters in a gallery against the backdrop of a typical Central European city located in the distance. He also writes Allegory of Smell, Allegory of Air, Temptation of Adam, Allegory of Peace and Order, Allegory of Arts.

Having established work in the workshop, Jan Brueghel the Younger moved with his family to Paris, where he lived until 1657. Then he returns to Antwerp. The artist died on September 1, 1678, 2 weeks before his birthday.

Jan Brueghel the Younger had eleven children, and five of them: Jan Peter, Abraham, Philips, Ferdinand and Jan Baptist, became his students, as did his nephew, Jan Kessel, and later became independent painters. They also worked in a family workshop in Antwerp.

It should be noted that the paintings of the younger Bruegels were not appreciated by the public and collectors for a long time. There were significantly more of them than the works of the elder. In addition, some of the paintings were painted by other artists based on their work.

However, in the twentieth century, there was an unexpected reassessment of values. At an exhibition in 1934 in an Amsterdam gallery, their work was exhibited, which aroused undoubted interest among the public. After the end of World War II, their paintings were again exhibited at various venues, from Budapest and Vienna to Moscow, Brussels and Tel Aviv.

The paintings unexpectedly find depth, a kind of double or even triple meaning, and an artistic value that is not at all characteristic of copies of paintings by great masters.

1601-1678
Jan Bruegel the Younger (Dutch Jan Bruegel de Jonge, IPA: [ˈjɑn ˈbrø: ɣəl]; September 13, 1601 - September 1, 1678) is a representative of the South Dutch (Flemish) Bruegel dynasty of artists, grandson of Bruegel the Muzhitsky. *** Biography Yang was the eldest child in the family. Two years after his birth, his mother died and his father married Katharina van Marienburg, with whom he had 8 children. As the firstborn, Yang continued his father's dynasty and became an artist. At the age of ten, he became an apprentice to his father. Throughout his career, he created canvases in a similar style. Together with his brother Ambrosius, he painted landscapes, still lifes, allegorical compositions and other works full of small details. He copied his father's works and sold them under his signature. The works of Jan the Younger are distinguished from those of Jan the Elder in slightly lower quality and illumination. Jan was traveling in Italy when he received news of his father's death from cholera. He interrupted his voyage and immediately returned to head the Antwerp workshop. He soon reached a prominent position and became dean of the Guild of St. Luke (1630). The best works of Jan the Younger are large landscapes.

Short biography:

Jan Brueghel the Younger- the great Dutch artist. Representative of the Bruegel dynasty of artists. He is the grandson of Pieter Brueghel the Elder and the son of Jan Brueghel the Elder. Although he is not such a famous painter as Pieter Bruegel the Elder, he still occupies an honorable and very high place in the history of world painting. His paintings are in the most famous museums in the world and inspire many contemporary artists to create.

Jan Brueghel the Younger born in 1601 - died in 1678. Jan was the oldest child in the family. Two years after his birth, his mother died and his father married Katharina van Marienburg, with whom he had 8 children. As the firstborn, Yang continued his father's dynasty and became an artist. At the age of ten, he became an apprentice to his father. Throughout his career, he created canvases in a similar style. Together with his brother Ambrosius painted landscapes, still lifes, allegorical compositions and other works full of small details. He copied his father's works and sold them under his signature. The works of Jan the Younger are distinguished from those of Jan the Elder in slightly lower quality and illumination.

Jan was traveling in Italy (1590) when he received news of his father's death from cholera. He interrupted his voyage and immediately returned to head the Antwerp workshop.

The best works of Jan the Younger are large landscapes. In his works, all the same allegories, as if the continuation of the work of the entire family dynasty of artists. His teacher was his own father, who in turn studied with his father. From that, the style of the paintings of all Brueghel artists are somewhat similar. They are distinguished only by their own handwriting of each of the painters. You can philosophize and say that the entire dynasty of artists was one continuous artist for four generations, who from time to time changed the style of approach to the image, but always remained faithful to allegory and mythology.

"Paradise", approx. 1620, Berlin National Gallery

The art of Jan Brueghel the Younger was especially expressed in large canvases, where he could show all his skill. His approach to painting was very meticulous and precise. Art critics note the tracing of the smallest details, which makes the works unimaginably full. After the death of his father, he headed the Antwerp workshop, and later became dean of the Guild of St. Luke.

Jan Brueghel the Younger. "Allegory of the four elements" Together with Hendrik bath Balen the Elder wood (oak) oil.

Jan Brueghel the Younger "Landscape with travelers on the road near the forest" wood (oak) oil.

Pieter Bruegel (the Younger) "Winter landscape with a bird trap" 1620s oil on wood Moscow, The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

Jan Brueghel the Younger "Landscape with travelers on the road near the forest" wood (oak) oil

Metropolitan Museum: Jan Brueghel the Younger - Basket of flowers

Basket of flowers

Bouquet of flowers in a vase

Bouquet of flowers in a wooden pot

Still life with flowers

Bouquet of flowers in a vase

Flowers in a vase

Bouquet of Flowers in a Vase

Flowers in a stucco vase

Lilies, irises, tulips roses, primroses and peonies in a vase decorated with figures of Ceres and Amphitrite

Flowers in a carved gilded vase (with Frans II Francken)

) - Dutch (Flemish) artist, representative of the South Dutch (Flemish) dynasty of Bruegel artists, grandson of Bruegel the Muzhitsky.

Biography

Jan was the oldest child in the family. Two years after his birth, his mother died and his father married Katharina van Marienburg, with whom he had 8 children. As the firstborn, Yang continued his father's dynasty and became an artist. At the age of ten, he became an apprentice to his father. Throughout his career, he created canvases in a similar style. Together with his brother Ambrosius, he painted landscapes, still lifes, allegorical compositions and other works full of small details. He copied his father's works and sold them under his signature. The works of Jan the Younger differ from those of Jan the Elder in a slightly lower quality and illumination.

Jan was traveling in Italy (1625) when he received news of his father's death from cholera. He interrupted his voyage and immediately returned to head the Antwerp workshop. He soon reached a prominent position and became dean of the Guild of St. Luke (). The best works of Jan the Younger are large landscapes.

Genealogy

Pieter Bruegel Senior

Pieter Bruegel Jr

Jan Bruegel Senior

Marie Bruegel

Ambrosius Bruegel

Jan Bruegel Jr

Anna Bruegel

David Teniers Jr

Abraham Bruegel

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Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

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Excerpt from Bruegel, Jan (the Younger)

He himself imagined himself of enormous stature, a powerful man who hurls cannonballs at the French with both hands.
- Well, Matvevna, mother, don't give it out! - he said, moving away from the gun, as a strange, unfamiliar voice rang out over his head:
- Captain Tushin! Captain!
Tushin looked around in fright. It was the headquarters officer who drove him out of Grunt. He shouted to him in a breathless voice:
- What are you, out of your mind. You have been ordered to retreat twice, and you ...
"Well, why are they me? ..." Tushin thought to himself, looking with fear at his boss.
“I… nothing…” he said, putting two fingers to the visor. - I…
But the colonel did not finish everything he wanted. A cannonball flying close made him, diving, bend over on his horse. He fell silent and was just about to say something else, when the core stopped him. He turned his horse and galloped away.
- Retreat! All retreat! He shouted from afar. The soldiers laughed. A minute later the adjutant arrived with the same order.
It was Prince Andrew. The first thing he saw, driving out into the space occupied by Tushin's cannons, was a horse unharnessed with a broken leg, neighing beside the harnessed horses. Blood poured from her leg as from a key. Several dead were lying between the limbs. One cannonball after another flew over him as he approached, and he felt a nervous shiver run down his spine. But one thought that he was afraid raised him again. “I cannot be afraid,” he thought, and slowly dismounted from his horse between the guns. He passed the order and did not leave the battery. He decided that he would remove the guns from position with him and withdraw them. Together with Tushin, striding over the bodies and under the terrible fire of the French, he began cleaning up the guns.
- And then the authorities came now, they were more likely to fight, - said the fireworks to Prince Andrey, - not like your honor.
Prince Andrey did not say anything to Tushin. They were both so busy that they didn't seem to see each other. When, having put on the surviving two guns on the limbs, they moved downhill (one broken cannon and a unicorn were left), Prince Andrey drove up to Tushin.
“Well, goodbye,” said Prince Andrey, holding out his hand to Tushin.
- Goodbye, my dear, - said Tushin, - dear soul! goodbye, darling, ”said Tushin with tears that, for some unknown reason, suddenly came into his eyes.

The wind died down, black clouds hung low over the battlefield, merging on the horizon with gunpowder smoke. It was getting dark, and the clearer was the glow of the fires in two places. The cannonade became weaker, but the clatter of guns from behind and to the right was heard even more often and closer. As soon as Tushin with his guns, bypassing and running into the wounded, came out of the fire and went down into the ravine, he was met by his superiors and adjutants, including the headquarters officer and Zherkov, who had been sent twice and never reached Tushin's battery. All of them, interrupting one another, gave and passed orders on how and where to go, and made him reproaches and remarks. Tushin did not give orders and silently, afraid to speak, because at every word he was ready, without knowing why, to cry, rode behind on his artillery nag. Although the wounded were ordered to be abandoned, many of them dragged behind the troops and asked for guns. The same brave infantry officer who jumped out of Tushin's hut before the battle was, with a bullet in his stomach, laid on Matvevna's carriage. Under the mountain, the pale hussar cadet, supporting one hand with the other, went up to Tushin and asked to sit down.

Yang was the oldest child in the family. Two years after his birth, his mother died and his father married Katharina van Marienburg, with whom he had 8 children. As the firstborn, Yang continued his father's dynasty and became an artist. At the age of ten, he became an apprentice to his father. Throughout his career, he created canvases in a similar style. Together with his brother Ambrosius, he painted landscapes, still lifes, allegorical compositions and other works full of small details. He copied his father's works and sold them under his signature. The works of Jan the Younger are distinguished from those of Jan the Elder in slightly lower quality and illumination.

Jan was traveling in Italy when he received news of his father's death from cholera. He interrupted his voyage and immediately returned to head the Antwerp workshop. He soon reached a prominent position and became dean of the Guild of St. Luke (1630). The best works of Jan the Younger are large landscapes.