All photos of Rodchenko with names. Laconic USSR Rodchenko (many photos)

The Soviet master of photo art Alexander Rodchenko is known as one of the founders of constructivism and creating a perfect new direction - design. For many years, he worked together with his wife by the artist Barbara Stepanova, studying at the same time photo, painting, graphics, design of books, sculpture and advertising design.

In the photo Rodchenko, the first place was set by the documentality and realism of the images created. It owns innovation in the field of experiments with an angle composition of the frame and photographing points.

Alexander Mikhailovich Rodchenko was born in 1891, his father worked as a theater butphor. At first, he studied on a dental technique, but a passionate passion for painting, ultimately, rearranged, and Rodchenko entered the Kazan Art School. It was there that he met his future wife Barbarus Stepanova, with whom he subsequently made many joint artistic projects.

Rodchenko was actively interested in painting and worked on the creation of abstract compositions. For some time he devoted himself to the so-called industrial art, which assumed the creation of utilitarian objects without any artistic filling.

After the 1917 revolution, Rodchenko becomes one of the secretaries of the trade union of painters in Moscow, organizing the necessary conditions for the work of young artists. During this period, he tries his hand in the design of the cafe "Pittoresca" in Moscow and at the same time heads the museum office. His life in art is constant experiments related to the creation of completely new graphic, picturesque and spatial projects.

In painting, Rodchenko introduced lines and points as independent scenic forms, in the field of creating spatial forms - folding and disassembly structures from flat cardboard elements. In the early 20s, he was engaged in teaching activities, learning his students the basics of creating multifunctional items for everyday life and public buildings.

Creative experiments gradually led Rodchenko to the photograph, which he considered the absolutely necessary means of expression for any modern artist. Its portrait and reportage snapshots, as well as interesting collages using, both own photos and clipping of magazines, immediately attracted attention to it.

Photographs Rodchenko began to print in such editions as "Evening Moscow", "Soviet photo", "give", "Pioneer" and "Spark". With the reputation of an innovator in photo art Alexander Rachenko soon received a proposal from Vladimir Mayakovsky about the illustration of his books. Rodchenko made several photomontasters for registration of the publication of the Poem Mayakovsky "Pro it" in 1923, which even served as the beginning of the new direction of modern art - illustration of books and design.

Two years later, at the international exhibition of modern decorative and industrial arts in Paris, Rodchenko's advertising posters were awarded a silver medal. At the same time, he appeals to the classic portrait photography in the photo - portraits of Mayakovsky, Aseev, Tretyakov, Melnikov and other art representatives. In 1926, its first auroras of buildings were also published in the Soviet Cinema magazine in 1926, including a series of photos "House on Myasnitskaya" and "Mosselprom House".

What distinguished Alexander Rodchenko from other photographers of the 20s? The fact is that the photograph of that time was characterized by creating images with a horizontal composition and straight aid. On the photographs dominated mainly static sculptural compositions that did not cause large emotions from the viewer.

Rodchenko, the first in the Soviet photo called on to abandon such dogmas in favor of images, as realistic to describe life. That is why he constantly experimented with an angle and shooting points to catch one or another object at those moments that would be the essence, movement.

In the photo, Rodchenko sought to reveal the content of the subject or the whole phenomenon. To do this, he skillfully "played" with photographing angles, used contrasting lights and worked on the original compositional construction of the frame.

Alexander Rodchenko entered the history of domestic and world photographs as the author of unique pictures made under the most various angles, in an unusual and unusual angle for the human eye. He believed that each photographer should "take off the eye from the eye, called -" from the Pup "... and shoot" from all points, except for Pup, until all points are recognized. "

In the 1930s, Alexander Rodchenko worked as a photoconductor Izogiz publishing house and artist-designer of the USSR magazine at a construction site, which allowed him to participate on a trip to the White Morod-Baltic Channel, where he made a series of reportage pictures. After a number of state propaganda projects inspired by the spirit of time and revolutionary romanticism, Rodchenko became interested in sports filming and photograph of the unusual world of the circus.

In the postwar years, he returned to painting and decoration. However, his original creativity soon entered the conflict with the position of the official authorities and in 1951 Rodchenko was excluded from the Union of Artists.

Alexander Rodchenko died in December 1956 in Moscow and was buried at the Don Cemetery. In the photo, it is often compared with Edward Weston and Tina Modotti. In many ways, the school of Soviet photography created with his participation opened many new outstanding names - Arkady Shaheth, Max Alpert, and others.

In 1998, a large-scale exhibition of works by Alexander Rodchenko was held at the Museum of Contemporary Art in New York, which made all his best projects in the field of painting, schedules and photos.

December 5, 1891 in Beautiful St. Petersburg. His mother was an ordinary laundry, and his father was an employee of the theater who was engaged in Butaforia. When the boy turned 11 years old, the family moved to live in a beautiful city - Kazan, in which Alexander graduated from elementary school in the church parish in 3 years.

In 1911, the young man enters the art school. N. I. Feshin, in which another 3rd after 3 years meets a beautiful girl named Barbara Stepanova. Being at the age of 23rd, lovers begin a happy joint life, moving to Moscow. At this age, he is called into the army, in which he served as much as 3 years. The future photographer has headed the economy of a single sanitary train under Moscow.

After the army, Rodchenko begins to work in the trade union of painters in Moscow, where mainly organizes normal labor conditions for all young and beginners. Simultaneously with this work, Alexander, together with his colleagues, is working on the design of a local cafe called "Pittoresca".

A year later, Alexander begins to develop a series of its own graphic, spatial, picturesque, abstract and geometric works. He was also interested in the direction of minimalism. After some time, Rodchenko begins to participate in the permanent exhibitions of the Russian avant-garde and in contests dedicated to architectural topics.

In small texts, under the names "All - Experiments" and "Line", he recorded personally accumulated creativity for considerable years. His attitude to art was simply phenomenal, Rodchenko characterized the texts as something new in his life, which could not be overlooked.

For him, all this was a great opportunity for self-expression and to self-improvement, since each artistic particle embedded in his work was a trace element of his big and good soul.

In 1918, Alexander Rodchenko wrote two impressive paintings "White Circle" and "Black on Black" - the latter was performed exclusively from oil paints.

Next year, the artist worked on creating a work of art consisting of three parts, which was performed from monochrome colors.

He constantly experimented and opened something new for himself. All he did in the field of art and painting led him to the design of real objects. In front of him stood the most difficult and interesting task: to create a new unique thing from his own ideas and thoughts.

Alexander in 1919 worked on the works from the flat elements of the cardboard - this composition was called "folding and disassembly". In 1920, he was interested in the hanging mobiles that were cut out of plywood of simple geometric forms - these works he called "planes reflecting the light".

And already in 1921, he invented spatial structures from ordinary wooden plates, of which a very interesting design "on the principle of the same forms" was published. In the same year, the painter summed up in this direction and decided to switch to production art.

Further career and personality development

After some time, Rodchenko begins to lecture on the woodwork, as well as on the metalworking faculty of the Moscow educational institution of Vhutemas-Vhutein. Over the past ten years, he works as a professor and teaches young people to design and create multifunctional items that use people both in everyday life and in large-scale purposes.

He showed how to give any manufactured object its unique and original expressive form, as well as the usual thing to give a transforming function. During the entire teaching activity, Alexander Rachenko worked at the Institute of Art Culture as Chairman of the Commission.

In the period from 1923 to 1930, Alexander was a member of the LEF and Ref Groups, part-time worked as an artist of two popular magazines: the "Lef" and a "New Lef".

Actively participated in the "unification of modern architects", and in 1925 he was sent on a business trip to Paris to professionally issue the Soviet section of the "international exhibition of modern decorative and industrial arts". There, the photographer carried out his first project on the interior of the "Work Club".

In the same year, Alexander received a silver medal at the Parisian exhibition for the best advertising posters, it was him that the authorship of the famous panels on the very home of Mosselprom in the Kalash Lane of the city of Moscow.

Since 1924, Alexander Rodchenko began to professionally study photo art, the most famous work of that time is the "portrait of the mother" and portraits of colleagues from Lef, as well as images on the pictures of famous artists and architects.

Two years later, he publishes the first own agencies of various buildings in the journal Soviet Cinema. He demonstrated their work from the photo shoots in such a way that they became a real propaganda of a completely new documentary view of our world. And Alexander always defended the position of the need to study and apply absolutely all points of view in photography.

1928 Rodchenko participated in the exhibition called "Soviet photo for 10 years." Its wide popularity and world fame arose due to its permanent experiments with an angles during the next photo shoot. A year later, he set the play on the basis of the play by A. G. Glebova "Inga" in the famous Moscow theater of the revolution.

At the beginning of the thirties, Alexander Rodchenko worked with a photoconduct in the newspaper called "Evening Moscow", and also did not leave the popular Soviet times magazines: "Radio listening", "Spark" and many others. I was actively interested and developed in the cinema industry, a reportage shooting, and was also a talented inventor of original furniture, unusual costumes and original scenery.

In 1930, when Rodchenko was nearly 40 years old, he became one of the creators of a photograph publisher called "October", which included talented and professional photographers who shared the principles of innovative photography. A year later, Alexander published several controversial photos under the names of Pioneer and Pioneer-Trubach.

And in 1931, he demonstrated his best dynamic photos of the Vakhtan Drying Plant, which caused a storm of a long time of criticism and accusations in formalism, since the photos did not correspond to the tasks of proletarian ethics.

After working in its own photograph for about two years, the photographer decided to leave this place and start developing the photocondant in himself, setting up a popular publishing house "Izogiz". A year later, he began working as one of the main artists-investors of the magazine under the name "USSR at a construction site".

Together with his charming wife, Varbaroi worked over the "10 years of Uzbekistan" photocalbs, Soviet aviation and many others.

Recent work and leaving life

Alexander Rodchenko continued his favorite activity of the painter, thanks to which he soon became a member of the jury and the artist of numerous exhibitions, was the presidium of photosection of the professional Union of filmmakers.

This brilliant person is currently known not only in the circles of the former countries entering the USSR, but also in the West. At the end of the twenties, he often sent his best work from photo shoots to France, Spain, USA, Great Britain and Czechoslovakia.

After in the middle of the thirties, socialist realism was legal as the only correct style and the method of presenting contemporary art, all the work of Alexander Rodchenko began severely criticized from all sides.

All this injury lasted until 1951, until he was removed from the Union of Soviet artists. And when all these disagreements were subsided and the opinions of critics came up with no, he was restored to members in 1954.

At the same time, the gifted master decided to return to painting and wrote for several years a whole selection of paintings dedicated to the circus and his employees. For all the time of the forties, the author created many different decorative-free work.

When the notorious Second World War began, he was evacuated with his family to the Ocher's city, and after they moved to live in Perm. In 1942, he returned to Moscow, where he again began to work as an artist-designer of various exhibitions of contemporary art.

A year later, he became the main picturesque artist of the capital's home appliances. Further, Roddenko again worked with V. Mayakovsky, they created a whole selection of monographic posters, and a year before their death, the photographer, together with his beloved wife, Varbaroi Fedorovna wrote sketches for the design of the famous poem of the Great Russian Writer called "Good!".

Constructivist Alexander Rachenko passed from life on December 3, 1956 in the 64th age in the city of Moscow, this outstanding photographer is buried on the new Don Cemetery.

What do you think about his life? Please write in the comments.

With absolute sincerity, Maxim Izmailov.

Rodchenko Alexander Mikhailovich

(23.11) 5.12.1891, St. Petersburg - 3.12.1956, Moscow

Painter, schedule, photographer, designer, teacher, member of the group of constructivist inhuka (Institute of Art Culture), Member of the October Group, Member of the Union of Artists by Graphic Section

In 1911-1914 he studied at the Kazan Art School, in 1916 he moved to Moscow. Exhibited as a painter since 1916, one of the organizers of the professional union of painters in 1917. From 1918 to 1922, he worked in the Department of Narkomples (Department of Fine Arts of the People's Commissariat of Enlightenment) as the head of the Museum Bureau and as a member of the Art College.

At the same time, a series of graphic, scenic and spatial abstract geometric minimalist works was developed. From 1916 he participated in the most important exhibitions of the Russian avant-garde, in the architectural competitions and the work of the Commission of the Zolkulptarh (the Commission on the picturesque, sculptural and architectural synthesis). In the texts-manifests "All - Experiments" and "Line" recorded its creative credo. Relevant to the art as the invention of new forms and opportunities, considered his creativity as a huge experiment in which each work represents the minimum scenic element in shape and is limited in expressive means. In 1917-18 he worked with a plane, in 1919 he wrote "black on black", works based only on the texture, in 1919-1920 introduced lines and points as independent scenic forms, in 1921 at the exhibition "5x5 \u003d 25" (Moscow) showed Triptych of three monochrome colors (yellow, red, blue).

Simultaneously with painting and graphics was engaged in spatial structures. The first cycle is "folding and disassembling" (1918) - from flat cardboard elements, the second - "planes reflecting the light" (1920-1921) - freely hanging mobiles from plywood concentric forms (circle, square, ellipse, triangle and hexagon ), the third is "according to the principle of the same forms" (1920-21) - spatial structures from standard wooden bars, connected by the combinatorial principle. In 1921 summed up his picturesque search and announced the transition to "industrial art".

In 1920, he became a professor of the picturesque faculty, in 1922 - 1930 - Professor of the Metalworking Faculty of Worthemas-Vhutein (the highest artistic workshops - the Supreme Art and Technical Institute). He taught students to design multifunctional items for everyday life and public buildings, seeking expressiveness not at the expense of jewelry, but by identifying the design of objects, witty inventions of transforming structures. In 1920-1924 was a member of Inhuka.

From 1923 he worked as a designer of a universal profile. He was engaged in printing, photo montage and advertising graphics (together with V. Mayakovsky), he was part of the LEF group (left front), later he was a member of the editorial board of the magazine "New Lef".

In 1925, he was sent to Paris to register the Soviet section of the International Exhibition of Decorative Art and Artistic Industry, carried out his project of the interior of the "Work Club" in kind.

From 1924 he was engaged in photography. It is known for its urgent psychological portraits of loved ones ("Portrait of Mother", 1924), friends and acquaintances from Lef (portraits of Mayakovsky, L. and O. Brik, Aseev, Tretyakov), artists and architects (Vesnin, Gan, Popov). In 1926, he published his first angle pictures of buildings (the "House on Myasnitskaya" series, 1925 and "Mosselprom House", 1926) in the journal Soviet cinema. In the articles "Ways of Modern Photography", "against a summarized portrait for a snapshot" and "large illiteracy or small nasty" promoted a new, dynamic, dynamic look at the world, defended the need to master the upper and lower points of view in the photo. Participated in the exhibition "Soviet photo for 10 years" (1928, Moscow).

In the late 20s, the beginning of the 1930s was a photoconductor in the newspaper "Evening Moscow", "30 days" magazines, "give", "Pioneer", "Spark" and "Radio listening". At the same time he worked in the cinema (artist films "Moscow in October", 1927, "Journalist", 1927-28, "Doll with millions" and "Albuum", 1928) and the theater (produced "Inga" and "Klop", 1929), Working out original furniture, costumes and scenery.

One of the organizers and managers of the "October" photographic group. In 1931 at the "October" exhibition in Moscow, a number of discussion pictures were put in the House of Print - shot from the lower point "Pioneer" and "Pioneer-Trubacha", 1930; A series of dynamic frames "Wachtan sawmill plant", 1931 - the target served to defeat criticism and accusations in formalism and reluctance to rebuild in accordance with the tasks of the "proletarian photography".

In 1932, he left the "October" and became a photoconductor in Moscow Izogiz publishing house. From 1933, he worked as an artist-designer of the Journal of the USSR at the construction site, photo albums "10 years of Uzbekistan", "The first equestrian", "Red Army", "Soviet aviation" and others (together with his wife V. Stepanova). Continued painting in The 30s and 40s. Was a member of the jury and the artist-designer of many photo exhibitions, was part of the Presidium of the Photosections of the Professional Union of Film Film Film, was a member of Moshai (Moscow Organization of the Union of Artists of the USSR) since 1932. In 1936 he participated in the "Exhibition of Soviet Masters Photo art. "Since 1928, he regularly sent his work on photographic salons in the USA, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Czechoslovakia and other countries.

Literature:

Chan-Magomedov S.O. Rodchenko. THE COMPLETE WORK. London, 1986.

A.M.odchenko and V.F. Steepanova. (From the series of art master master). M., 1989.

Alexandr M. Rodchenko, Varvara F. Stepanova: The Future Is Our Only Goal. Munich, 1991.

A.N. Lavrentyev. Raciers Rodchenko. M., 1992.

Alexander Lavrentiev. Alexander Rodchenko. Photography. 1924-1954. KKLN, 1995.

Alexander Rachenko. Experiments for the future. M., 1996.

Alexandr Rodchenko. (Published in Conjunction with the Exhibition Alexandr Rodchenko AT The Museum of Modern Art). NEW-YORK, 1998

And Lexander Rodchenko was one of the founders of constructivism and the creators of the first Soviet advertising. He worked on campaign posters, wrote abstraction, illustrated books and invented the techniques of artistic photographs that are used today.

"I was a commitment." Acquaintance with avant-garde

Alexander Rodchenko was born on December 5, 1891 in St. Petersburg, in the family of Mikhail and Olga Rodchenko. His mother worked as a laundry, father - theater butt factor. They lived in a small apartment right above the theater room; To go outside, you needed to pass right through the scene every time. Therefore, the early childhood of the boy took place in the "backstage" atmosphere. Mikhail Rodchenko did not want the Son to go to his footsteps, and insisted on receiving a "real profession." Immediately after the end of the four classes of the parish school, the boy went to study on the dental technician and even for some time worked as a prosthesis. However, in 1911, he entered the Wolved School of Art School in Kazan, where the family of Rodchenko moved to that time. Varvara Stepanova studied at the same school, which later became his wife and companion Rodchenko, a famous artist and designer.

In 1914, futurists arrived in Kazan during the All-Russian tour - Vladimir Mayakovsky, Vasily Kamensky and David Burlyuk. Their evening made a strong impression on Alexander Rodchenko: he realized that he wanted to engage in futuristic art.

At the end of 1915, Alexander, together with his wife, moved from Kazan to Moscow. There, through common friends, he met by the artist Vladimir Tatlin - one of the founders of the avant-garde movement. Tatlin suggested Rodchenko to take part in the futuristic art exhibition "Shop". Instead of an entrance fee, Alexander Rodchenko helped in organizing the event: I sold tickets and told the guests about the works presented.

"I've learned from him [Tatlin]: the relation to the profession, to things, to the material, to food and the whole life, and it left a track for life ... Of all the modern artists, which I met, no equal to Him."

Alexander Rachenko

Kazimir Malevich. White on white. 1918. New York Museum of Contemporary Art, New York

Alexander Rachenko. Black on black. 1918. Vyatsky Art Museum named after V.M. I am. Vasnetsov, Kirov

During these years, Rodchenko finally decided on the direction of his own creativity. Inspired by Malevich's picture "White on White" ("White Square on a white background"), he created a series of works "Black on black". However, if the Malevich's picture is built on the geometric forms and the game of shades, the main expressive means for Rodchenko became the texture - it was she who made the composition volume.

Illustrator, decorator, master of avant-garde poster

Alexander Rachenko became one of the founders of constructivism - his work was distinguished by conciseness and geometrism. The artist illustrated books, worked on the scenery for theatrical performances and filming, but his advertising posters became the most famous. In addition to traditional painting and graphics, Rodchenko used photomontage techniques, creating laconic and informative collages.

A whole series of advertising posters, the artist released jointly with Vladimir Mayakovsky: the poet was responsible for briefly memorable slogans. Constructivist posters fully fit into the revolutionary ideology of the young Soviet state. They were called and enlighten, and informed, and agitate.

In the technique of photomontage, Rodchenko created not only posters, but also illustrations for books and magazines. In particular, to the Poem Mayakovsky "Pro it".

Alexander Rodchenko, Vladimir Mayakovsky. "Nowhere, except in Mosselprom." 1925. Image: n-Europe.eu

Photo experimental Alexander Rodchenko

Photo Alexander Rodchenko began to engage in 1924. By that time, he was not only the artist who took place, but also a teacher - he taught at the Moscow Art and Technical Institute. At first, Rodchenko removed only to collect new materials for collages, but later his innovative works became very popular. Rodchenko used unusual perspectives, thanks to which his work acquired special dynamics and realistic. Most spectacular for those years, pictures with a diagonal composition appeared when the shooting was carried out from top to bottom or bottom up. Such methods contradicted the strict canons of photo art of that time. But Alexander Rodchenko's techniques quickly became popular with his colleagues, and many of them are used in professional photography to this day. However, some experiments criticized. For example, the work "Pioneer-Trubach": on it the boy with a mountain shot from the lower angle. About the snapshot said that the boy is more like a "corned bourgeois" than on the Soviet pioneer.

From the end of 1930, Alexander Rachenko stopped experimenting with themes and genres. He practically did not shoot and did not paint, just made the books with his wife.

After the Great Patriotic War, the artist became fascinated by pictorialism. This photo direction made snapshots similar to scenic work. Photo artists reached a similar effect due to special light and exposure settings. During this period, Alexander Rodchenko was interested in the circus and the theater and in the style of pictorialism often removed the artists.

The artist died on December 3, 1956. He did not live a little before the opening of his first photo exhibition, which his wife organized. Today, Name Rodchenko is wearing Moscow School of Photography and Multimedia, in which his grandson teaches, Alexander Lavrentiev.

As they say, a talented man is talented in everything.

Legendary Soviet photographer, artist, sculptor. The founder of constructivism, design and advertising in the USSR. Today we will tell you about Alexandra Rodchenko (1891 - 1956).

The beloved artist most people will call immediately, a favorite writer - too, but over the answer to the question about the favorite photographer, most likely, think. Alexander Rodchenko few know by name, but there is no man who would not see His pictures.

In his works, he was ahead of time, for which he was often criticized. So, one of his famous pictures "Pioneer-Trubacch" was once called firmly correct. The boy in the photo turned out to be too fasten, and this did not fit the Soviet propaganda.

Alexander Rodchenko did not adhere to the rules and created his own style. The most famous staff filmed by all the canons of photography of that time - this is a documentary work "Portrait of the Mother", which has become a classic shooting close-up, and a series of portraits of Vladimir Mayakovsky, who violated all the rules of pavilion shooting.

"Still from the subject, a building or a person and you think, and how to remove it: so, so or so? ... all old ... So they were taught us, raising the millennium in different pictures, to see everything according to the rules of the grandmother's composition. And you need to revolutionize people, see from all points and at all lighting. "
A.odchenko. Lef notebook. 1927

No less thank the work of the master "Girl with" Way ". It is captured by his student Evgenia Lemberg. The photo received world recognition, and in 1994 was sold at the Christie auction "S for 115,000 pounds.

The photographer seriously carried away the genre of sports photography, which has achieved great success. Its visiting card was the shooting of unusual angles, and in the frames shot on the sports arena, he was able to most fully use this technique. Even the most ordinary plots became memorable and bright.

Alexander Rodchenko is a multi-faceted person who achieved success in everything, for which he took. He worked on the design of the cafe "Pittoress" in Moscow, created a series of graphic, picturesque and spatial abstract-geometric minimalist works. He also participated in the exhibitions of the Russian avant-garde, for example, in the shop "Store", organized, and architectural competitions.

In 1918, Alexander Rachenko wrote a picturesque canvas "Black on black", based only on the texture. Later, lines and points that became independent picturesque forms appeared in his paintings. In art, he was an innovator, and looked at his work as a global experiment.

Alexander Rodchenko became one of the founders of Soviet constructivism. He showed himself not only in painting, but also in many other areas of art. The artist created geometric sculptures from various materials.

Rodchenko also declared itself as a designer of furniture and clothes, was the author of the scenery for the cinema and theater.

A noticeable trace in his work left cooperation with the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky: he illustrated some of his books and magazines "Lef" and "New Lef", made a series of advertising posters with him.

The ideology of Soviet art was transformed after the arrival of I. V. Stalin arrived. The state was actively suppressed by the free spirit of avant-garders. At this time, Alexander Rachenko left painting and began to engage only by photojournalism. His photographs personified the highest achievements of the era of Stalinism, solemn parades, folk construction sites, huge industrial enterprises, the life of Soviet collective farms.

These were pictures of victories and achievements, and the usual life of the country of that time remained behind the scenes, since photojournalists were categorically forbidden to display everything that threw the slightest shadow into power and its order.

In the 1920s, Alexander Rodchenko made a huge contribution to the development of European photography and photomontage. He left a big creative heritage, which influenced many artists and photographers.

In our time, Alexander Nikolaevich Lavrentiev, the grandson of the artist continues his time. He teaches at the Moscow School of Photography and Multimedia named after A. Rodchenko and MGHP named after Stroganov, and is also an editor and a consultant of scientific work on his famous ancestor.