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The table contains the titles and signs of the difference in the SS troops, as well as their comparison with other armed parts of the SS and with the military titles of the Wehrmacht of the Second World War. When comparing, it is necessary to consider belonging:

as well as historical origin and inheritance in Germany from the beginning of November 1939 to the end of the Third Reich in 1945.

In March 1938, members of the regiments "Leibstandart", "Doychland" and "Germany" were allowed to replace the SS should be replaced by the Communist Party; As a result, the left button was superfluous, since the title began to point epaulets. From May 10, 1940, for the SS troops, it was finally established that the soldiers of the lekestandart and "reserve divisions" are on the right pettice sign from the Rune SS, and on the left exclusively signs of the titles; The exception was the division "Dead Head", which was allowed to still wear the emblem in the form of a skull on both sides. The pre-war butterms depicting the Runic SS signs and the skulls with numbers, letters and symbols were banned by "for secrecy reasons" by order on the SS of May 10, 1940 and replaced with standard icons known for today.

The title of Reichsfürera SS in the third Reich had two people - Heinrich Himmler and Karl Khanka (until 1934 "Reichsführer SS" meant the position, not the title).

Special rules and exceptions existed for candidates for officers, Unter-Officers and SS Junkers.

So, for example, the title hauptsharfür We usually assigned to the executive duties of the elder in the company SS, the commander of the third (sometimes and second) platoon in the company, or was the title used for the personnel of a non-commissioned officer rank that served in the headquarters of the SS or security services (such as Gestapo and SD). The title of Hauptsharfür was also often used for the staff of the concentration camps and the personnel of the Ainzattz group. Hauptsharführer SS was older than obersturführer SS and younger than stormscharpetrer SS, with the exception of the general CC, where Hauptsharführer was the younger title at once after untershurmführer SS.

Rank sturmsharfür It was established in June 1934, after a night of long knives. In the reorganization of the SS, the SturmShirfür was created as the highest title of non-officers in the "Forces at the disposal of the SS" instead of the title of the Hauptttruppüter used in CA. In 1941, on the basis of "troops at the disposal of the SS" arose the organization of the SS troops, which inherited the title of the SturmSharfür from his predecessor.

Rank untersturmfücher In the SS, corresponded to the rank of lieutenant in the Wehrmacht, originated in 1934 from the position of the head of the SS division - troupe (it. SS-Truppe.). The troupe covered the city district, the rural district, according to the number of army suspension - from 18 to 45 people, consisted of three departments - balls (it. SS-Schar.), headed by Truppupür (Him. SS-TruppFührer.) or Untersturmführer (it. SS-Untersturmführer.), depending on the number. In the troops of the SS, Untersturmfücher, as a rule, held the position of the platoon commander.

Insignia			The title of troops ss	The corresponding titles in the land forces of the Wehrmacht (it. Heer)
Buttonhole	Pogon	Mask. costume
Generals and marshals
			Reichsführer of the SS and Field Marshal General of the SS troops (Him. SS-REICHSFÜHRER UND GENERALFELDMARSCHALL DER WAFFEN-SS )	General Feldmarshal
			ObristGrupenführer of the SS and Colonel-General CC Troops (Him. SS-OBERST-GRUPPENFÜHRER UND GENERALOBERST DER WAFFEN-SS )	Oberst
			Obergroupenführer SS and General of the SS troops (it. SS-OBERGRUPPENFÜHRER UND GENERAL DER WAFFEN-SS )	General kind of troops
			The MOP and the Lieutenant Lieutenant-General Troops (Him. SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der waffen-ss )	Lieutenant-general
			Brigadefürr of the SS and Major Major General (Him. SS-Brigadeführer und GeneralMajor Der Waffen-Ss )	Major General
Officers
			Obrafür (by the rank of SS troops) (it. SS-Oberführer.)	No conformity
			Standentenfür (Police servicemen and employees) (it. Standartenführer)	Colonel (Him. Oberst.)
			Obersturmbannfürer (Him. SS-OBERSTURMBANNFUHRER.)	Lieutenant Colonel (overst lieutenant) (it. Oberstleutnant.)
			Shurbannfür (it. SS-STURMBANNFUEHRER.)	Major
			Hauptsturmführer (Him. SS-HAUPTSTURMFUHRER.)	Hauptmann / Rothmistra
			Obersturmführer (it. SS-OBERSTURMFUHRER)	Ober-Lieutenant
			Untersturmführer (Him. SS-UntersturmFuehrer.)	Lieutenant
Unter-officers
			Stormscharpetrer (it. SS-STURMSCHARFÜHRER.). In Waffen-SS, in contrast to Ca, an even higher title was introduced - the SS stormspurr.	Headquarters Feldwebel
			Hauptsharfücher (Him. SS-HAUPTSCHARFÜHRER.). Rank hauptsharfür It became the title in the SS after the reorganization of the SS, which followed the long knives after night. For the first time, this title was assigned in June 1934, when it changed the old title of the wrapperpureer, which was used in CA. In the general SS, Hauptsharfür was a younger title, sitting immediately after the Untershurmführer of the SS. In the troops of the SS, Hauptsharfür was second to seniority after the sturmusharfür the title of Unter-Officers. There was also the position headquarters, corresponding to the duties of the post of a regular or battalion senior of the Soviet Army. In the SS, the title Hauptsharfürer was assigned to the executive duties of the senior in the company SS, the commander of the third (sometimes and second) platoon in the company, or was the title used for the personnel of the Unter-Officer Rank, which served in the SS headquarters or security services (such as Gestapo and SD ). The title of Hauptsharfür was also often used for the staff of the concentration camps and the personnel of the Ainzattz group.	Ober-Feldwebel
			SS StandarTencher (Him. SS-StandartenoberJunker)	Oberphenrich
			Obersharführer (Him. SS-Oberscharführer.). After a night of a long knife, the title wubblerfurr "rose" and became equal to the title of Truppürter Ca. The buttercup was changed, and there were two silvery squares on it, unlike one square with a silver strip, as in Ca. The title of Truppürr MOP was replaced by the Obersharfür MOP. In the troops of the SS, oversharfuers performed the obligations of the third (and sometimes second) platforms of infantry, sapper and other mouths, regular elders. In tank parts, oversarfuers were often tank commanders.	Feldwebel
			SC Standentenuncher (Him. SS-Standartenjunker)	FANENYUNECHER -FELDFEBEL
			Scarfuer (Him. SS-Scharführer.). In 1934, when reorganizing the structure of the titles of the SS, followed by the long knives, the old title of the SS scarf began to be called the SS unstrcherrier, and the SS scarf began to correspond to the rank of the wubbler. In the troops, the SS scarf, as a rule, held the position of commander of the department (calculation, tank), or deputy platoon commander (headquarters commander).	Unter-Feldwebel
			SS OberNaker (Him. SS-Oberjunker)	Fenrich
			Untershwerr CC (Him. SS-Unterscharführer.) In the army of MS, the rank of Untershruer was one of the ranks of the junior team composition of the company and platoon. The title was also equal to the first candidate rank in the officers of the SS forces - Juncker SS. Requirements for combat Unter-Officers were higher than to Untersraphuers of General SS	Unter-Officer
			Junker SS (Him. SS-Junker) Initially, the Junker was equal to the legal status for SA scarf, then to the UNTERSHARFUERS of the SS.	FANENENUNUNUKER -UNTEROFIER
Private ordinary
No conformity				Headfreitor
			Rottenführer (it. SS-Rottenführer). The Hitlergende also existed the title of Rottenfuer. In Luftwaffe, there was a position of Rottenfürera - commander of the pair (leading) in fighter and assault aviation.	Ober-Efreitor
			Stormmann (Him. SS-STURMMANN.). Rank stormmmann Assigned after the service in the ranks of Ca from 6 months to 1 year in the presence of basic knowledge and abilities. Stormmmann is elder over the title mann, with the exception of the SS, where in 1941 it was separately introduced the title obermann, and in the troops SS obershetse.	Efreitor
			ORSHUTER SS (Him. SS-OBERSCHUETZE.).	Ober soldier
			Mann SS (Him. SS-MANN.). In 1938, due to the increase in SS troops, the title mann was replaced by military rank jerk (arrows) SS (it. SS-Schuetze), but the title has survived mann.	Soldier, joke, Grenador.
Buttercup of the Universal SS			Candidate (Him. SS-ANWÄRTERER) Candidate to join the SS troops before the workout and training process. With the beginning of training anverter The title was automatically assigned jerk.	No conformity
SS-Beverber Challenger (Him. SS-BEWERBER.)					Volontar of Wehrmacht

Color coding of the kind of troops

White Flag of the 40th Panzergrenadadersky Regiment
Pursuit of the Obrafurera (Standandfürera) Waffen-SS Scarlet Pennant artillery lebstandart SS "Adolf Hitler"
Pursuit of Waffenmbannfürera Waffen-SS Veterinary service Karmin Tribunal and prosecutor's office Burgundy Military-geological service [check translation ! ] Light pink Automobile transport Pink (salmon color) Armored troops, including tank fighters Pink
Pursuit of the scariere -tricist troops ss Communication Divisions, Military Correspondents, Propaganda Rots Lemon Yellow
Pursuit of the Obersharfürera Waffen-ss Cavalry; Motorized (1942-1945) and tank intelligence units; parts with cavalry past Gold
Empon Waffen-SS Field gendarmerie and special services Orange
Sharp Unterstroke Waffen-ss Intelligence units (1938-1942) Light brown
Pursuit Hauptsturmführer Waffen-SS * Fitches "Dead Head"
* Personnel concentration camps Pale brown
Hawm of Hauptsharfürera concentration camps Security Service Poisonous green
Empon StormsCharfürera SD Mountain troops Green
Sharp Untersturmfürera Waffen-ss Pride confusers and personnel of reserve units Dark green
Empon Waffen-SS Logistics and transportation units Blue Shipping Hauptsturmfürer Waffen-ss Control Blue
Shipping Hauptsturmfürer Waffen-ss Sanitary service Cornflower
Pursuit of Standentefuer Waffen-SS Engineering troops The black
Pursuit Standardführer Waffen-SS

Sources

• ADOLF SCHLICHT, JOHN R. ANGOLIA. Die Deutsche Wehrmacht, Uniformierung Und Ausrüstung 1933-1945
  • Vol. 1: Das Heer (ISBN 3613013908), Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1992
  • Vol. 3: DIE LUFTWAFFE (ISBN 3-613-02001-7), Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1999
• . Checked on June 7, 2016.
• . Checked on June 7, 2016.
• Cook, Stan and Bender, R. James. Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler - Volume One: Uniforms, ORGANIZATION, & HISTORY. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender Publishing, 1994. ISBN 978-0-912138-55-8
• Hayes, A. SS Uniforms, Insignia and Accoutrements. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. 2000. ISBN 978-0-7643-0046-2
• Lumsden, Robin. A Collector's Guide To: The Allgemeine - SS, Ian Allan Publishing, Inc. 2002. ISBN 0-7110-2905-9
• Mollo, Andrew. Uniforms of the SS, Collected Edition Vol. 1-6. MotorBooks Intl. 1997. ISBN 978-1-85915-048-1

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- You know, I think, "said Natasha Shopot, moves to Nikolai and Sona, when Dimmller cumshot and he sat down, weakly crossed the strings, apparently leave in indecision, or start something new, - that when you remember, remember everything, remember everything , Before you are recommended that you remember what was before I was in the world ...
"This is Metamsikov," Sonya said, who always studied well and remembered everything. - Egyptians believed that our souls were in animals and again go in animals.
- No, you know, I do not believe it so that we are in animals, "said Natasha with the same Shopot, although the music ended, - and I probably know that we were angels there somewhere and here were, and it's all remember ...
- Can I join you? - said Quiet Dimmler and hooked against them.
- If we were angels, so why did we get lower? - said Nikolai. - No, it can not be!
"Not lower, who told you that below? ... why I know what I was before," Natasha objected with conviction. "After all, the soul is immortal ... it became always, if I always live, so I first lived, I lived the whole eternity.
"Yes, but it is difficult for us to imagine eternity," said Dimmler, who approached young people with a tearing contemptuous smile, but now he said as quietly and seriously as they.
- Why is it difficult to imagine eternity? - said Natasha. - Now it will be, tomorrow will, there will always be and yesterday it was and the third day was ...
- Natasha! Now your turn. Sing me something, "the voice of the Countess heard. - What you sat down, exactly conspirators.
- Mum! I don't want so much, "Natasha said, but at the same time I got up.
To all of them, even with elderly dipmaler, did not want to interrupt the conversation and leave the corner of the sofa, but Natasha got up, and Nikolai sat down for a keycorder. As always, becoming for the middle of the hall and choosing the most profitable place for resonance, Natasha began to sing his mother's favorite play.
She said that she did not want to sing, but she had long before, and long after did not sang as she sang this evening. Count Ilya Andreich from the Cabinet, where he talked with Mitinka, heard her singing, and as a student, a hurry to go, who had a lesson, confused in words, giving orders to the manager and finally silent, and Mitinka, also listening, silently with a smile, stood before Count. Nikolai did not descend his eyes off his sister, and with her translated his breath. Sonya, listening, thought about what a huge difference was between her and her friend and how it was impossible for her at least to be so charming as her cousin. The old countess sat with a happily sad smile and tears in his eyes, occasionally shaking his head. She thought about Natasha, and about her youth, and about how something unnatural and terrible is in this upcoming marriage Natasha with Prince Andrey.
Dimmler, felling to a decanter and closing his eyes, listened.
"No, Countess," he finally said, "This is a European talent, there is nothing to learn, this softness, tenderness, strength ...
- Ah! As I fear for her, as I am afraid, - said the Countess, not remembering with whom she says. Her maternal flair told her that something was too much in Natasha, and that she would not be happy. Natasha did not finish still singing how the enthusiastic fourteenth-year-old Peter's enthusiasts fell into the room, that they came in.
Natasha suddenly stopped.
- Fool! She screamed on his brother, ran to the chair, fell on him and buried so that he could not stop the long time.
"Nothing, mammy, right nothing, so: Peter frightened me," she said, trying to smile, but tears all flowed and sobbing squeezed her throat.
Dressed yard, bears, turks, innovatives, ladies, terrible and funny, bringing cold and fun with him, first robbing in front; Then, hiding one after the other, they were supplanted into the hall; And first shy, and then everything is more fun and more and more friendly songs, dances, choral and ingidial games. Countess, having learned the face and laughing at the dressed up, went into the living room. Count Ilya Andreich with a shining smile sat in the hall, approving playing. Young people disappeared somewhere.
After half an hour in the hall between other grooves, an old lady appeared in the fitihs - it was Nikolai. Turchanka was Peter. Paras - it was Dimmler, Gusar - Natasha and Circass - Sonya, with drawn cork mustache and eyebrows.
After indulgent surprise, the unrecognized and praise from the side of non-dressed, young people found that the costumes are so good that they had to show them someone else.
Nikolai, who wanted to ride everyone on his top three, offered, taking with him from the yard ten dressed, go to the uncle.
- No, well, you are his old man, upset! - said the Countess, - and nowhere to turn around him. To go, so to Melukov.
Melukov was a widow with children of diverse age, also with governess and governors who lived in four versts from growth.
"Here, Ma Chere, cleverly," picked up the stirred old graph. - Let's do now and go with you. I'll make a pole.
But the Countess did not agree to let go of the count: he had all these days a leg sick. We decided that Ilya Andreevich could not go, and what if Louise Ivanovna (M ME Schoss) goes, then the ladies can go to Meloiskov. Sonya, always timid and shy, stronger than everyone began to ask Louise Ivanovna not to refuse them.
Sony's outfit was the best. Her mustache and eyebrows were unusually walked to her. Everyone told her that she was very good, and she was in an unusual lively energetic mood. Some inner voice told her that now or will never be solved by her fate, and she seemed to be a completely different person in her men's dress. Louise Ivanovna agreed, and after half an hour, four troops with bells and buckets, squealing and whistling under the frosty snow, drove up to the porch.
Natasha The first gave the tone of the pile fun, and it is fun, reflected from one to another, more and more intensified and reached the highest degree when everyone went to the frost, and talking, rebeling, laughing and shouting, dusked in Sani.
Two troops were accelerated, the third three of the old graph with an Orlovsky Ryssack in the root; The fourth one's own Nicholas with his low, the crow, the Kosmaya Kornennik. Nicholas in his old woman, which he put on the hussars, subjected to the cloak, stood in the middle of his sleigh, pickover.
It was so light that he saw the places and eyes of horses on the monthly light of the light, frightened to the saddles, shovel under the dark canopy of the entrance.
In Sani Nikolai sat down Natasha, Sonya, M ME Schoss and two girls. In the Sani of the old Graph, Dimmler with his wife and Peter; The remaining dressed in the remaining yard.
- went ahead, Zakhar! - shouted Nikolai Kumor Father to make the case to overtake him on the road.
The top three of the old graph, in which Dimmler sat and others are rich, squealed by the crawls, as if about the snow, and stuck with a dense bell, moved forward. Pista-shed on the neck and rinsed, turning like sugar strong and shiny snow.
Nikolay tried behind the top three; Behind the rest and squeezed the rest. At first they drove a little trot along a narrow road. While the garden was driving, the shadows of the bare trees were often overnight of the road and hid the bright light of the moon, but as soon as they left behind the fence, the diamondly shiny, with the Sizem, the Snow Plain, the whole loudshot of the monthly radiance and stationary, opened on all sides. Once, times, Tolonul UHB in the front sleigh; In the same way, the following sleighs and the following and, boldly disturbing the chained silence, some others began to stretch the sleigh.
- Trail is a hare, many traces! - Natasha's voice sounded in the frosty custinous air.
- As you can see, Nicolas! Said Sony's voice. "Nicholas looked at Sonya and stuck up, so that closer to consider her face." Some kind of quite new, cute, face, with black eyebrows and mustes, in the moonlight, close and far, peeking out of the Soboley.
"It was before Sonya", I thought Nikolai. He looked closer in her and smiled.
- Are you Nicolas?
"Nothing," he said, and turned back to horses.
Leaving a car, a large road, brought by cranes and all the excised traces of spikes, visible in the light of the month, the horse themselves began to tighten the entrance and add the go. The left village, having started his head, twitch twisted her shorts. The root swollen, the reeling ears, as if asked: "Start or early yet?" "Ahead, it's already far separated and linking with a removing thick bell, clearly visited on the white snow black Troika Zakhar. They were heard from his sleigh shiny and laughter and voices of dressed.
"Do you, dismissed," Nicholas shouted, on the one hand, arguing squeezing and reducing the bunch. And only at a strengthened as if to meet the wind, and on the twitching of the pierce, and all the additives of the Skock, it was noticeable, as a troika was chib. Nikolay looked back. With scream and scream, Mahaya whips and forcing the ride of the indigenous, the other three slept. The indigenous persistently kneaded under the arc, without thinking to shoot down and promising and also need to need to be needed when it would take.
Nikolay caught up with the first triple. They moved from some kind of mountains, left for a widely detour road in a meadow near the river.
"Where are we going?" I thought Nikolai. - "On the oblique meadow should be. But no, this is something new, which I never see. This is not a slant meadow and not Dhamkin Mountain, and this God knows what! This is something new and magical. Well, what would be there! " And he, shouting on the horses, began to cross around the top three.
Zakhar restrained horses and wrapped his face already overlooked to eyebrows.
Nikolai launched his horses; Zakhar, stretching his arms forward, smoking and launched his.
"Well, I hold on, Barin," he said. - Thirdly fastened the top three, and the legs of galloping horses quickly changed quickly. Nikolai began to take ahead. Zakhar, without changing the positions of the elongated hands, lifted one hand with the windows.
"You are lying, Barin," he shouted Nicholas. Nicholas in Skok let all horses and overtake Zakhar. The horses fell asleep with the small, dry snow of the seedlings, next to them the frequent integrids sounded and fastened fast moving legs, and the shadows of a distilled triple. A whistle of polozov in the snow and women's swellings were heard from different sides.
Again, stopping the horses, Nikolai looked around himself. The circle was all the same impregnated with moonlight magic plain with filled stars.
"Zakhar shouts to take left; Why should I left? Thought Nikolai. Are we going to Mellyukov, is it a Melukovka? God knows where we are going, and God knows what is being done with us - and very strange and good what is done with us. " He looked back in Sani.
- Look, he has a mustache and eyelashes, everything is white, "said one of the sitd strange, pretty and other people with thin mustache and eyebrows.
"This one seems to be Natasha, Nikolai thought, and this M ME Schoss; And maybe not, and this Circassians do not know who, but I love her. "
- Isn't you cold? - he asked. They did not answer and laughed. Dimmler from the rear sledding something shouted is probably ridiculous, but it was impossible to hear what he shouted.
"Yes, yes," the voices answered laughing.
"However, this is some kind of magic forest with overflowing black shadows and glitter diamonds and with some kind of anfilage marble steps, and some silver roofs of magical buildings, and a shrill screech of some animals. "And if it really is Melukovka, it is even more strange that we drove God knows where, and came to Melukovka," I thought Nikolai.
Indeed, it was Melukovka, and girls and lakes with candles and joyful faces ran to the entrance.
- Who it? - asked from the entrance.
- Count-dressed, I see the horses, "answered voices.

Pelagia Danilovna Melukov, a wide, energetic woman, in glasses and swollen hood, sat in the living room, surrounded by daughters, which she tried not to miss. They quietly lily wax and looked at the shadows of the figures of the figures when they were keen on the front steps and visits.
Hussars, Baryni, Witches, Pajas, Bears, seeking and wiping facial injured frost in the front, entered the hall where the candles were hurried. Palts - Dimmler with ladies - Nikolai opened a dance. Surrounded by screaming children, muddy, closing the faces and changing the voices, turned out to be stamped before the hostess and lay down the room.
- Oh, you can not find out! And Natasha then! Look at whom she looks like! Right, reminds someone. Eduard then Karlych as good! I did not know. Yes, how dancing! Ah, father, and some kind of Circass; The right, as Sonushka goes. Who else who? Well, comforted! Tables, Take, Nikita, Vanya. And we sat so quietly!
- ha ha ha! ... hussar then hussar then! Exactly a boy, and legs! ... I can't see ... - I heard voices.
Natasha, the favorite of young Melukov, with them, together disappeared into the rear rooms, where the cork and various bathrobes and men's dresses were needed, which in the dissolved door took from the lacquer bare girl's hands. Ten minutes later, all the youth family of Mellyukov joined the ones.
Pelagia Danilovna, disposed by cleaning the place for guests and treats for the Lords and the courtyards, without removing points, with a smile restrained, walked between rich, looking at their face and not recognizing anyone. She did not recognize not only the growth and dipmaler, but also could not know either her daughters nor those man of galants and uniforms who were on them.
- And this whose one? - She said, turning to his governess and looking into the face of her daughter, representing Kazan Tatar. - It seems from the growth of someone. Well, you, Mr. Gusar, in what shelf serve? She asked Natasha. - Turk, the Turk of Paschail, "she said to a solved buffet: - This is not prohibited by their law.
Sometimes, looking at strange, but funny PA, who were distinguished by the dancing, decided once, that they are dressed up that no one knows them and therefore not confused, "Pelagia Danilovna closed with a scarf, and her all the fat body was shaking from the irrepressible good, the old laughter . - Sasha is mine, sash something! She said.
After Russian dance and dance Pelagia Danilovna joined all the yard and the Lord together, in one big circle; Brought a ring, rope and ripple, and got a common game.
In an hour, all the costumes were smashed and upset. Cork mustache and eyebrows smeared on sweating, worried and cheerful persons. Pelageya Danilovna began to recognize the ones, admired how they were well made costumes, as they were especially for the young lady, and thanked everyone for the fact that they were played. Guests were called dinner into the living room, and in the hall they ordered the treats from the courtyard.
- No, in the bath guess, it's scary! - the old girl who lived near Mulletukov said for dinner.
- From what? - asked the eldest daughter of Mellyukov.
- Do you won't go, it is necessary here.
"I'll go," Sonya said.
- Tell me how it was with the young lady? - said the second Melukov.
"But that's how one young lady went," the old girl said, "the rooster took, two appliances - as it should, sat down. I sat down, just hears, suddenly rides ... with the bells, Sani drove with the bubans; Hears, goes. Included at all in the image of human, as is the officer, came and sat with her for the device.
- BUT! And! ... - screamed Natasha, rolling his eyes with horror.
- Yes, how, he says so?
- Yes, as a person, everything should be, and became, and began to persuade, but she would have to take his conversation to the roosters; and she cried; - Only launched and closed with his hands. He picked her. It's good that the girls came running here ...
- Well, what to scare them! - said Pelagia Danilovna.
"Mom, because you ourselves wondered ..." said daughter.
- How do you guess in the barn? Sonya asked.
- But at least now, go to the barn, and they listen. What to hear: smoking, knocks - bad, and shrink bread - it's good; And it happens ...
- Mom tell me what was in the barn with you?
Pelagia Danilovna smiled.
"What, I have forgotten ..." she said. - After all, no one will go?
- No, I will go; Padagia Danilovna, let me go, I will go, "Sonya said.
- Well, if you are not afraid.
- Louise Ivanovna, can I? Sonya asked.
Whether they played in the ring, to the rope or ruble, were they talking about how now, Nikolai did not leave Sony and looked at her very new eyes. It seemed to him that he was now only for the first time, thanks to this cork mustache, quite recognized her. Sonya really had fun, lively and good, which never saw her Nikolai.
"So here is it, and I'm a fool!" He thought, looking at her shiny eyes and a happy, enthusiastic, from under the mustache, making smelters on the cheeks, a smile he did not see before.
"I'm not afraid of anything," Sonya said. - Can I now? - She got up. Sona was told where the barn, as she was silent to stand and listen, and filed a fur coat. She threw her on his head and looked at Nicholas.
"What is the beauty of this girl!" He thought. "And what I thought so far!"
Sonya reached the corridor to go to the barn. Nikolai hastily went to the front porch, saying that he was hot. Indeed, the house was stuffy from the crowded people.
There was the same fixed cold in the yard, the same month, just was still lighter. The light was so strong and stars on the snow was so much that he did not want to look at the sky, and the real stars were unnoticed. There was black and boring in the sky, there were fun on earth.
"Fool I, Fool! What was waiting so far? " I thought Nikolai and escaping on the porch, he went around the corner of the house along the path, which led to the rear porch. He knew that Sonya would go here. At half the road stood folded soothed firewood, they had snow, a shadow fell from them; Through them and with the side of them, intertwining, the shadows of old naked lip fell on the snow and the track. The track led to the barn. The chopped wall of the barn and the roof covered with snow, as carved from some kind of precious stone, glittered in the monthly light. A tree cracked in the garden, and again everything completely subsided. The chest seemed to breathe not by air, but some kind of young strength and joy.
From the maiden porch, legs were lit up on the steps, hid a ring on the latter, which was caused by snow, and the voice of an old girl said:
- Straight, right, here on the track, young lady. Just do not look around.
"I'm not afraid," Sony's voice answered, and on the track, towards Nicholas, they brought, whistled in thin shoes of Sony's legs.

One of the most cruel and merciless organizations of the XX century is the SS. The titles, distinctive signs, functions - all this was different from those in other types of troops in the Nazi Germany. Reichs minister Himmler and at all gathered all the scattered overs of guard (SS) into a single army - Waffen SS. In the article we will analyze the military ranks and signs of the difference in SS troops. And first a little about the history of the creation of this organization.

SS Education Backgrounds

In March 1923, Hitler was concerned that the heads of assault detachments (CA) began to feel their power and significance in the NSDAP party. This was due to the fact that both the party and Sa. had the same sponsors for whom the goal of National Socialists was important - they did not feed special sympathies to the leaders themselves. Sometimes it came out even before the open confrontation between the Ca - Ernst Leader - and Adolf Hitler. It is at this time that, apparently, the future Führer and decides to strengthen personal power, creating a detachment of bodyguards - a staff guard. He was the first prototype of the future SS. They had no titles, but the signs of differences appeared. The abbreviation of the guardianship was also CC, but it took place from the German word stawsbache. In each hundred Ca Hitler allocated 10-20 people allegedly for the protection of high-ranking party leaders. They personally had to bring an oath Hitler, and the selection was carried out carefully.

A few months later, Hitler renames the organization in Stosstruppe - the shock parts of the Kaiser Army were called during the First World War. The abbreviation of the MOP nevertheless remained the same, despite the fundamentally new name. It is worth noting that all Nazi ideology has been associated with a halo of mystery, historical continuity, allegorical symbols, pictograms, runes, etc. Even the symbol of NSDAP - the Swastika - Hitler took from the ancient Indian mythology.

Stosstrup Adolf Hitler - Adolf Hitler's Impact Detachment - acquired the final features of the future SS. The titles have not yet had the title, however, there were signs of the differences that will retain the gimmler - the skull on the heads of the heads, the black distinctive color of the uniform, etc. "Dead Head" on Uniform symbolized the readiness of the detachment by the price of his life to defend himself Hitler himself. The basis for the future usurpation of power was prepared.

The appearance of StrumStaffel - SS

After the "beer coup", Hitler was imprisoned, where he sat down until December 1924. So far, the circumstances that allowed the future Führer to get out of the attempt of armed seizure of power are incomprehensible.

Committing to freedom, Hitler first forbade SA to wear a weapon and position himself as an alternative to the German army. The fact is that the Weimar Republic could have only a limited contingent of troops under the condition of the Versailles peace treaty after the First World War. Many seemed that the armed divisions of the Ca are a legitimate way to avoid limitations.

In early 1925, the NSDAP was restored again, and in November - "Impact detachment". At first, he was called StrumStaffen, and on November 9, 1925 he received its final name - Schutzstaffel - "Support Squadron". There was no relation to aviation to organize anything. This name came up with Herman Gering - the famous fighter pilot of the First World War. He loved to apply the terms from aviation in everyday life. Over time, the "Aviation Term" was forgotten, and the abbreviation was always translated as "security squads". His favorites Hitler - Shrek and Shaub.

Selection in SS

SS gradually became an elite unit with good salary in foreign currency, which for the Weimar Republic with its hyperinflation and unemployment was considered luxury. All Germans of able-bodied age rushed into the SS detachments. Hitler himself carefully selected his personal guard. The following requirements were presented to the candidates:

1. Age from 25 to 35 years.
2. The presence of two recommendations from the existing members of the SS.
3. Permanent accommodation in one place for five years.
4. The presence of such positive qualities as sobriety, strength, health, discipline.

New Development in Henrich Himmler

SS, despite the fact that he was subordinate to Hitler and Reichsführer of the SS personally - from November 1926, this position was held by Josef Berthold, nevertheless was part of the structure of CA. The attitude towards the "elite" in the assault detachments was contradictory: the commanders did not want to have in the detachments of the SS members, so various duties were drunk on their shoulders, such as the spread of leaflets, conducting a subscription to Nazi agitation, etc.

In 1929, Henry Himmler becomes the leader of the SS. Under it, the organization has increased rapidly. SS turns into an elite closed organization with its charter, mystical ritual of entry, imitating the traditions of medieval knightly orders. This ESSITOUS should have had to marry a "exemplary woman." Henry Himmler introduced a new mandatory requirement for joining an updated organization: the candidate was to prove the certificate of purity of origin in three generations. However, it was not all: the new Reichsführer SS ordered all members of the organization to seek brides only with "clean" genealogy. Himmler managed to reduce the subordination of his organization SA, and then to get out of it from it after he helped Hitler get rid of the Ca Leader - Ernst Ryoma, who sought to turn his organization into the mass folk army.

The detachment of the bodyguards was transformed first in the regiment of the personal guard of the Fuhrer, and then to the personal army of the SS. The titles, the signs of difference, the form - everything said that the unit is independent. Next, let's talk about the signs of differences. Let's start with the title of SS in the third Reich.

Reichsführer SS

He headed Reichsführer SS - Heinrich Himmler. Many historians argue that he was going to usurp the power in the future. In the hands of this person there was no control over the SS, but also above the Gestapo - the secret police, political police and the security service (SD). Despite the fact that many of the above organizations submitted to one person, these were completely different structures that were sometimes confused among themselves. Himmler well understood the importance of an extensive structure from different services focused in some hands, so he was not afraid of defeat of Germany in the war, believing that such a person would be useful to Western allies. However, his plans were not destined to come true, and he died in May 1945, having embraced an ampule in his mouth with poison.

Consider the highest ranks of the SS in Germans and their compliance with the German army.

Hierarchy of the SS top command

The signs of the differences between the SS of the Higher Command were that nordic ritual symbols and oak sheets were depicted on the petakers on both sides. Exceptions - SS Standentenfühurr and Obrafurr SS - wore an oak leaf, but belonged to senior officers. The more they were on the petties, the higher the title was from their owner.

The highest ranks of the SS in Germans and their correspondence with the land army:

SS officer

Consider the features of the officer. Hauptstursmführer SS and the downstream ranks no longer had oak sheets on the leafs. Also on the right pettle they were depicted by the coat of arms of the SS - a nordic symbol of two zippers.

SS officer hierarchy:

SS	Perekkki.	Matching in the army
Obrafür SS	Double oak sheet	No match
SS Standentenführer	Single sheet	Colonel
Obersturmbannführer SS	4 stars and two rows of aluminum thread	Lieutenant colonel
Nurmbannführer SS	4 stars
Hauptsturmführer SS	3 stars and 4 rows of threads	Hauptmann
Obersturmführer SS	3 stars and 2 rows	Ober-Lieutenant
Untershurmführer SS	3 stars	Lieutenant

I would like to immediately note that the German stars did not resemble five-pointed Soviets - these were four-pointed, reminiscent, rather, squares or diamonds. Further in the hierarchy go unter-officer's ranks in the third Reich. Read more about them in the next paragraph.

Unter-officers

Hierarchy of Unter-Officers:

SS	Perekkki.	Matching in the army
Stormscharpetrer SS	2 stars, 4 rows of threads	Headquarters Feldwebel
SS StudarTencheter	2 stars, 2 rows of threads, silver cant	Ober-Feldwebel
Hauptsharführer SS	2 stars, 2 rows of threads	Oberphenrich
Obersturführer SS	2 stars	Feldwebel
SS Standentenununcher	1 star and 2 rows of threads (differed by row)	Fanenununker-Feldwebel
SS scarf		Unter-Feldwebel
UNTERSHARFYURER SS	2 threads at the bottom	Unter-Officer

Buttercups are basic, but not the only signs of differences in the ranks. Also, the hierarchy could be determined on the chains and stripes. Military titles of the SS were sometimes subjected to change. However, we submitted to the hierarchy and the main differences at the time of the end of World War II.

Signs Differences in the SS

The signs of differences on the shaped clothing of the SS members pointed to the personal titles of the SS, belonging to the nature of the SS troops, services, controls, etc., the system of loops with the designation of the titles is so familiar on the film - was introduced in 1926. Moreover, the signs themselves were similar to the fact that they existed in assault detachments (CA), - in that period SS was an integral part of the CA. The loops themselves were black, but signs of differences - white, silver or gray. Private, Unter-Officers, as well as officers to Obersturmbannfürera SS inclusive, wore signs of differences only in the left pettice (in the right pettice they wore the number of their standard, with the exception of the 87th Standard, whose members wore the image of the edelweiss, and the 105th Standard, Where since 1939, they wore an image of elk horns), and officers from the Standardfürera - in both buttercups. The staff of the SD and the security police in the rank to Obersturmbannfürer, the right buttons were clean - such well-known Dual Runes "Zig", who became the business card of the SS, were initially introduced in 1933. Originally for the "Labstandard SOC Adolf Hitler", and then distributed to all other German parts of the SS troops. Considered "belonging" of petrolery runes to the SS troops. So it was necessary that they were also worn on any field form of the SS and those who did not have attitude towards the military forces. In "Moments", without exception, the staff of the RSH and on black, and on gray, and on field form worn dual runes "Zig", Although the rights to this in the overwhelming majority do not have.

Starting from May 1933, the SS will wear one shoulder with a black form on the right shoulder.

Shares were six species, five of which pointed to belong to their owner to a certain category of ranks: to SS-Mann (ordinary), scarkers (UNTER-Officers), younger, middle and higher team formulation. At the same time, a specific chin on the pursuit was not indicated. The pursuit of the sixth type was only the Reichsführer of the SS. The titles were designated signs of distinction on the buttercups in the form of a combination of narrative strips and shishchets (four-sprockets) - not smooth cubes,like in a movie. On the left sleeve, the SD staff wore a violated stripe in the form of a black rhombus (among officers with silver cant) and the "SD" lites - such well visible in the film.

On the buttercups, the SS ranks were originally the following signs of differences:

Ordinary SS-Mannes had an empty loop;

Stormsmann - two sabotage strips;

Rottenfuers - four sabotage strips;

UNTERSHARFYURER - one shishk;

Scarfuers - one shishchka and two sabid strips;

Obersharfürs - two shishchers diagonally;

Hauptsharfürer - two bodies and two sabotage strips;

Stormscharpetrer - Two Beschechki and Four Judging Strips;

Untersturmfurerars - three shishchers diagonally;

Wrasturmphuers - three bumps and two sabid strips;

Hauptsturmphuers - three shishchers diagonally and four sabotage strips;

Svurbannfurerars - four bumps in the corners;

Obersbanknfuers are four bumps and two sabid strips;

Standentenfuers are straight oak leaves diagonally with stigs in a cutting;

Overalls - double curved oak leaves;

Brigadefurerars - double curved oak leaves and a bump;

Groupinfuers - Triple curved oak leaves;

Obergroupenfuers - Triple curved oak leaves and a bump;

The Reichsführer of Henry Himmler wore a triple bunch of oak leaves on the buttercups, surrounded by an open wreath of oak branches.

But not all these signs are distinguished until 1945 unchanged. On April 7, 1942, a small reform was carried out, and their design at the highest command formulation, starting with the CC Commier, has changed somewhat. In this form, they have already been existed until the end of the war. Thus, the ranks in the rank to the Standardfürera inclusive, the old signs of differences are preserved, and the senior officers received the following:

Obrafurers - Double straight oak leaves;

Brigadefureers are triple straight oak leaves with acorns in the lumens and the joint;

Groupinfuers - Triple Straight Oak Leaves and Shishchki;

Obergroupenfuers - Triple straight oak leaves and two bumps;

Orastgroupenfuers (this title was introduced just at the time) - three straight oak sheets and three shishchers.

In the film "Seventeen Moments of Spring", the authors failed to do without errors in the signs of differences, and in some cases explain why they were allowed simply impossible. Most of the highest ranks ("generals") in the film are quite appropriate to the moment of the pet rods of the 1942 sample. The exception to completely unknown reasons was only the Chef of Stirlitz - Walter Shellenberg. Already in the 1st series in the Scene of the Hitler's meeting, he appears in black uniform with the signs of the difference in the SS brigadephuer, canceled in April 1942. At the same time, it is impossible to even assume that he has retained the old signs of differences, - Shellenberg such lokes never wear it, since he received their title of brigadefuer SS for more than two years after reform, namely June 23, 1944!

Incorrect loops wear all the overshurmbannfuers in the film - including Aisman and Holtoff, "although they have four bodies on the looping, but only one story strip (In general, this strip is somewhat strange, it seems that just raised the lower edge of the loop). There were no similar loovers at all - with four shishchers, either there was no stripes at all (at the shturmbannfuers), or there were two strips (among the overshurmbannfuers). Rolf is in the film butterms are the same as the Holtoff, but in its characteristic it is called the Nutrumbannfürer(This is the 6th series of the film).

Until now, adolescents in cinemas (or during a more thorough study of the topic of photographs on the network) catch aesthetic buzz from the type of uniforms of war criminals, from the form of the SS. Yes, and adults are not lagging behind: in the albums of many older people, the famous Tikhon artists and armored persons are bangible in the appropriate pleasure.

Such a strong aesthetic effect is due to the fact that a talented artist, a graduate of the Hannover Art School and the Berlin Academy, a graduate of the Hannover Art School and the Berlin Academy, the author of the Karl Diebitsch Karl Diebitsch (Karl Diebitsch) was developed for the SS forces. When creating a final version with him, the designer and the Form model of the SS Walter Heck (Walter Heck) collaborated. And sewed outfit at the plants of a little-known then fashion designer of the Hugo Boss (Hugo Ferdinand Boss), and now his brand is famous for the whole world.

The history of the form of SS

Initially, the SC-guards of the party leaders of NSDAP (NationalSoziListische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei - the National Socialist German Workers Party), like Remem's attack aircraft (head of assault detachments - Sturmabteilung), went to a light brown shirt plus breeches and boots.

Even before the final decision on the feasibility of the existence of both two parallel "advanced security units of the party" and until the SA, the "Imperial Leader of the SS", Gimmler continued to be members of his squad to wear a black club on the shoulder of the brown jelly.

The black form was introduced by Himmler personally in 1930. The black cuitel sample of a military vermhigh jacket was wore over a light brown shirt.

At first, this twig one had three, then four buttons, the general view of the front and field shape was constantly refined.

When in 1934, the uniform of black color was introduced, developed by Dibic-Heck, from the time of the first SSEsovsky detachments, only red with a black edge of a swastika was left with a black cant.

The first time there was two sets of SS soldiers:

• parade
• everyday.

Later, without the participation of famous designers, field and camouflaged (about eight options for summer, winter, deserted and forest camouflage) uniforms were developed.

Distinctive features of SS parts for appearance for a long time.

• red bandages with black edge and swastika, inscribed in the white circle ─ on the sleeve of the uniform, jackets or sheinles;
• emblems on the kepins or caps ─ first in the form of a skull, then in the form of an eagle;
• exclusively for the Aryans ─ signs of accessories to the organization in the form of two runes on the right pettle, signs of military seniority on the right.

In those divisions (for example, "Viking") and individual parts that served foreigners, the runes were replaced by the division or legion emblem.

The changes affected the appearance of the SSS in connection with their participation in hostilities, and the renaming of "Allgemeine (General) SS" in Waffen (armed).

Changes by 1939

It was in 1939 that the famous "dead head" (skull, first made from bronze, then from aluminum or brass) was transformed into the famous eagle serials on the cokard of capards or pilots.

Skull himself, along with other new distinguishing features, remained the accessory of the SS tank corps. In the same year, SSEsovtsy received a white parade form (white twig, black breeches).

During the reconstruction of Algemein SS in "Waffen SS" (the purely "party army" was reorganized into combat troops under the nominal commocumboy of the Wehrmacht General Status) with the form of SSS, the following changes occurred under which:

• field shape of gray (famous "Feldgra") colors;
• parade white form for officers;
• black or gray soles, also with sleeve dressings.

At the same time, the chandeliers were allowed to wear unbuttoned to the upper buttons, so that it was easier to navigate in terms of differences.

After the decrees and innovations of Hitler, Himmler and (under their leadership) Theodora Eyka and Paul Khausser, the division of the SS for police officers was finally imposed (first of all, the divisions of the "Dead Head" type) and combat parts.

Interestingly, the "police" parts could be ordered solely by the Reichsfücher personally, but the fighting parts considered the reserve of the military command could be used by the Wehrmacht Generals. The service in Waffen SS was equated to the fulfillment of military service, and the police and security forces were not considered military units.

However, part of the SS remained under the closer attention of the Supreme Party Guide as a "sample of political force." Hence the constant changes, even during the war, in their uniform.

SS form in wartime

Participation in military companies, the expansion of SS detachments to full-blooded divisions and buildings spawned the rank system (not too different from the landarine) and differences signs:

• private (shyuzman, in the surprise, simply "mans", "PS man") wore ordinary black epaulets and loops with two runes on the right (left ─ empty, black);
• an ordinary "verified", after half a year of service (Obersuutice), received a "shishchka" ("star") of silver color to pursuit of field ("masking") forms. The remaining signs of differences were identical to Shutuzman;
• efreitor (Sturmman) received a thin dual silver strip on the left loop;
• the younger sergeant (Rottenfürer) had four bands of the same color on the left loop, and on the field form "Beshechka" was replaced with a triangular stripe.

The ONTER officer of the SS troops (belonging to it is easiest to determine the "ball" particle) received no empty black epaulets, but with a silver cant and included the title from Sergeant to Senior Feldfelfel (Headfieldebel Headquarters).

The triangles on the field form were replaced with rectangles, of various thicknesses (the thinnest in Untersharfürera, the fattest, almost square, ─ at the attachment of the stormscherfuer).

These sieves had the following signs of differences:

• sergeant (UNTERSHARFYURER) ─ Black straps with silver cant and a small "asterisk" ("Square". "Shishchka") on the right pettice. The same signs of the differences were the "Junker SS";
• senior Sergeant (scarf) ─ epaulets and silver strips on the side of the "square" on the loop;
• starin (Obersharfücher) ─ Shores The same, two strokes on a loop;
• ensign (Hauptsharfürer) ─ Buttercup, like a senior, but with stripes, on the pursuit of two shishchers;
• senior Ensign or Feldwebel (SturmShurfür) ─ Three-square shoulder straps, the same two "squares" on the loop, which has an ensign, but already with four thin stripes.

The last title remains quite rare: he was assigned only after 15 years of exhaust service. On the field form, the silver cant shoulder replaced green with the corresponding number of black stripes.

Shape of the SS officer

The form of the younger officer composition differed already on the chains of camouflage (field) form: black with green stripes (thickness and quantity depending on the title) closer to the shoulder and intertwined oak leaves above them.

• lieutenant (Untersturmfücher) ─ Silver "empty" shoulder straps, three squares on a loop;
• senior Lieutenant (Wrasturfürer) ─ Square on the pursuit, a silver band was added to the signs on the loop, two lines on the sleeve stripe under the "leaves";
• captain (Hauptsturmführer) ─ additional lines on the stripes and on the loop, the pursuit with two "bodies";
• major (Nurmbannfürer) ─ Silver "wicker" epaulets, three squares on the loop;
• lieutenant Colonel (Oberbang Branchurmführer) ─ One square on the vite pursuit. Two thin strips under four squares on a loop.

Starting from the Major title, the signs of differences have undergone insignificant differences in 1942. The color of the substrate in a twisted shoulder pursuit corresponded to the family of troops, on the pursuit itself sometimes was the symbol of military specialty (a sign of a tank part or, for example, a veterinary service). "Shishchiki" on the pursuit after 1942 from the silver turned into signs of golden color.

Upon reaching the title, the right butterfly changed above: instead of the rune SS, stylized silver oak leaves were placed on her (single colonel, triple with Colonel-General).

The remaining signs of the differences in senior officers looked as follows:

• colonel (Standentenfürer) ─ three stripes under dual leaves on the stripes, two stars on the pursuit, oak leaf on both buttercups;
• there is no analogues of the title overall (something like the "senior colonel) ─ four thick strips on the stripes, a dual oak leaf on the buttercups.

It is characteristic that these officers had black and green "camouflage" straps for "field", combat uniforms. The commanders of higher color grades became no longer such "protective".

Shape among the SS general

On the Mundra of the SS, the highest team composition (general) appear already golden colors of the shoulder straps on the bloody-red substrate, with symbols of silver color.

The shoulder straps "field" form are changed, since there is no need for a special disguise: instead of green on the black field among officers, the generals are fine gold signs. Shares become golden on a light background, with silver signs of differences (with the exception of the Reichsführer uniform with a modest thin black ride).

Signs of the difference in the highest command on the pursuit and buttercups, respectively:

• major Major General (in Waffen SS ─ Brigadefürer) ─ Gold Sewing without symbols, dual oak sheet (until 1942) with a square, triple leaf after 1942 without an additional symbol;
• lieutenant-General (MPLENFYURER) ─ one square, triple oak sheet;
• full General (Obergrupenfürer) ─ Two "Corses" and Oak Leaf Sharcress (until 1942, the bottom sheet was thinner on the butter, but there were two squares);
• colonel-General (ObristGrupenfüren) ─ Three squares and a triple oak leaf with a symbol below (until 1942, the Colonel-General also had a thin sheet at the bottom of the loop, but at three squares).
• reichsführer (nearest, but not an accurate analogue ─ "People's Commissar of the NKVD" or "Field Marshal") wore a thin silver pursuit with the silver tribal, and surrounded by a laurel leaf on a black background oak leaves in a loop.

As can be seen, the SS general neglected (with the exception of the ReichSministan) protective color, however, in the battles of them, with the exception of Zeppe Dietrich, had to participate less often.

Differences in Gestapo

In the Security Service of the SD Gestapo, they also wore a SDS, the title and signs of differences almost coincided with the titles in Waffen or in Algemeyne SS.

Employees of the Gestapo (later and RSH) were distinguished by the absence of runes on the buttercups, as well as a mandatory chest of security guard.

Curious fact: Stirlitz in the great televofilm of the Liosnova Spectator sees almost always in, although at the time of the spring of 1945, the black form almost everywhere in the SS was replaced by a more convenient for the front conditions "parade" of a dark green color.

In exclusively, the black kittel could walk Muller ─ and as a general, and as rarely chosen to the distant head of high rank.

Camouflage

After transformations of the security detachments into combat part of the 1937, the SS elite combat units began to flow the camouflated form samples by 1938. She included:

• case on helmet;
• jacket;
• mask for face.

Later, camouflated capes appeared (Zelltbahn). Pants (Breeches) before the appearance in the 1942-43 bilateral overalls area were from the usual field form.

The drawing itself on camouflated overalls could use many "fine-melted" forms:

• dotted;
• under oak (eichenlaub);
• palm (Palmenmuster);
• platanis leaves (Platanen).

At the same time, the camouflage jackets (and then bilateral overalls) had almost all the necessary spectrum of coloring:

• autumn;
• summer (spring);
• smoky (black and gray peas);
• winter;
• "Desert" and others.

Initially, uniforms from camouflaged waterproof tissues were supplied to VerfugungStruppe (dispositing troops). Later, the camouflage became an integral part of the form of "target" groups of the SS (EinsatzGruppen) of intelligence and sabotage detachments and units.

The German leadership in the years of war was creatively concerned about the creation of camouflaged uniforms: the finds of Italians (the first Camouflage Camouflage) and the development of Americans and the British were successfully borrowed.

Nevertheless, it is impossible to underestimate the contribution of the scientists of the German and cooperating with the Hitler regime, in the development of such famous brands of camouflage, as

• sS BERINGT EICHENLAUBMUSTER;
• sseichplatanenmuster;
• sSLEIBERMUSTER;
• sseichenlaubmuster.

Professor of physics (optics) worked on the creation of these types of colors, studied effects from the passage of light beams through the rain or foliage.
About the camouflazing overalls SS-Leibermuster Soviet intelligence was known less than allied: it was used on the West Front.

At the same time (according to American intelligence), the yellow-green and black lines were applied to the nipper and the tag of a special "light-absorbing" paint, which also reduced the level of radiation in the infrared spectrum.

On the existence of such paint in 1944-1945, it is still relatively little known, it is suggested that it was about "light-absorbing" (of course, partly) black tissue, on which drawings were later applied.

In the 1956 Soviet film "Square 45" you can see the saboteurs in the suits that are most reminiscent of SS-Leibermuster.

In a single copy, a sample of this military uniform is located in the Military Museum in Prague. So, no matter what mass sewing forms of this sample of speech can not be similar to such camouflages, so little was released that now they are one of the most interesting and expensive rabbles of the Second World War.

It is believed that these camouflages gave an impetus to American military thought for developing camouflage clothes for modern Commandos and other special units.

Camouflage "SS-EICH-Platanenmuster" much more often met on all fronts. Actually "Platanenmuster" ("Woody) meets on pre-war photos. By 1942, the "revolving" or "reversing" coloring jackets "Eich-Platanenmuster" ─ autumn camouflage on the facial, spring color on the back of the fabric became massively supplied to the SS troops.

Actually, this tricolor, with the broken lines of "rain" or "branches" combat uniforms and meets most often in movies about the Second World and Great Patriotic War.

Camouflage colors "Eichenlaubmuster" and "Beringhenlaubmuster" (respectively "oak leaves type" A ", oak leaves type" b ") were widely popular in" Waffen SS "in 1942-44.

However, mostly, from them, mostly capes were made, cloak tent. And the soldiers of the special forces are already independently (in many cases) sewed the jackets and fabrics.

MS form today

Further aesthetically solved black shape of the SS and today takes popularity. Unfortunately, most often not where you really need to recreate authentic uniforms: not in Russian cinema.

Above mentioned the small "LDAP" of the Cinema of the Soviet, but the Lozinova almost constant wearing with Stirlitz and other characteristics of black form could be justified by the overall concept of the "black and white" series. By the way, in the painted version, Stirlitz appears a couple of times in the "green" "parade".

But in modern Russian films on the theme of the Great Patriotic Horror, horror drives horror in terms of reliability:

• the infamous film of 2012, "Serving the Soviet Union" (about how the army was fed, but the political prisoners on the Western border were divided by SS sabotage units) ─ We observe the SSEs in 1941, dressed in something between Beringtes Eichenlaubmuster and even more contemporary digital camouflages;
• the sad picture "In June of the 41st" (2008) allows you to see on the battlefield of SSEsovts in full front black uniform.

There are many such examples, even the "anti-Soviet" joint Russian-German film of 2011 with Guskov "4 days in May", where the Nazis, in the 45th, mostly dressed in camouflages of the first years of war.

But the SSOs parade uniforms enjoys well-deserved respect for reconstructors. Of course, various extremist groups seek to give a tribute to the aesthetics of Nazism, and not even recognized as such as relatively peaceful "goths".

It is probably the fact that thanks to the history, as well as the classic films of the "night reception" of Kavani or the "death of the Gods" of Wisconti, the public has developed a "protest" perception of aesthetics of evil forces. No wonder the leader of "sex pistoliths" LED Vishers often appeared in a T-shirt with a swastika, in the collection of fashion designer Jean-Louis Cryrera in 1995, almost all toilets were ornamed or imperial eagles or oak leaves.

The horrors of the war are forgotten, but the feeling of protest against the bourgeois society remains almost the same ─ such a sad output can be made from these facts. Another thing, created in the Nazi Germany "Camouflated" fabric colors. They are aesthetic and comfortable. And therefore are widely used not only for games of reconstructors or works on household plots, but also modern fashionable couturiers in the world of great fashion.

Video

Signs of differences of titles
Security Service (SD) of Germany
(Sicherheitsdienst DES RFSS, SD) 1939-1945.

Preface.
Before describing the signs of the difference in security service staff (SD) in Germany, during the Second World War, it is necessary to give some clarifications, which, however, even more entitled readers. And the point is not so much in these signs and uniforms themselves, in which changes were repeatedly made (which confuses the picture even more), as in the complexity and intricacies of the entire structure of state bodies in Germany, which, besides, closely intertwined with the party bodies of the Nazi party In which, in turn, the SS organization and its structures played a huge role, often uncontrolled party authorities.

First of all, as if within the framework of the National Socialist German Working Party) and as it were, being a combat wing of the party, but at the same time not subject to party authorities, there was a certain public organization Schutzstaffel (SS), which initially presented a group of activists that They were engaged in the physical protection of rallies and meetings of the party, the protection of her senior managers. This public, emphasizing the public organization after numerous reforms 1923-1939. Transformed and began to consist of a CC public organization itself, the SS troops (Waffen SS) and parts of the concentration camps (SS-Totenkopfrerbaende).

The entire COP organization (and general SS, and the SS troops and part of the camps of the camps) submitted to the Rykhsführer of the SS Henry Himmler, who, in addition, was the head of the Police of all Germany. Those. In addition to one of the highest party posts, he also occupied the state office.

To implement the management by all the structures involved in ensuring the security of the state and the ruling regime, law enforcement issues (police bodies), exploration and counterintelligence were created in the fall of 1939, the main management of state security (Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA)).

From the author. Usually in our literature writes "Main Imperial Security" (RSH). However, the German word Reich translates as a "state", and not as the "empire". The word "empire" in German looks like that - Kaiserreich. The literally "state of the emperor". There is another word denoting the concept of "empire" - Imperium.
Therefore, I use words translated from German as they mean, and not however, as generally accepted. By the way, people are not very knowledgeable in history and linguistics, but inquisitive intelligence, often asked: "Why Germany Hitler was called the Empire, and the emperor was not even nominally nominally, as, say, in England?".

Thus, RSH is a state institution, but by no means a party and and not included in the composition of the SS. It can somehow compare it with our NKVD.
Another question is that this state institution is subordinated to the Rykhsführer of the SS G.Gammeler and he, naturally, in the staff of this institution first of all recruited members of the CC public organization (Algemeine SS).
However, we note that not all employees of the RSH were members of the SS, and not all RSH departments consisted of members of the SS. For example, the Criminal Police (5th Department of the RSH). Most of her managers and employees were not members of the SS. Even in the Gestapo there were quite many persons of the governing staff, which were not members of the SS. Yes, the famous Muller himself became a member of the SS only in the summer of 1941, although he led the Gestapo since 1939.

We now turn to the SD.

Initially in 1931. (i.e., even before the arrival of the Nazis to power), the SD was created (from among the members of the General SS) as the internal security structure of the SS organization to combat various violations of the procedure and rules, detecting among the MS members of the Government and hostile political parties, provocateurs, renegades, etc.
In 1934 (this is after the arrival of the Nazis for the authorities), the SD spread its functions for the entire NSDAP, and actually came out of the SS subordination, but was still subordinate to Rykhsführer SS.

In 1939, with the creation of the Main Department of State Security (Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA)), the SD entered its structure.

The SD in the structure of the RSHA was presented by two departments (AMT):

AMT III (INLAND-SD)which was engaged in issues of state construction, immigration, races and national health, science and culture, industry and trade.

AMT VI (Ausland-SD), who was engaged in intelligence work in North, Western and Eastern Europe, the USSR, USA, Great Britain and in South America. This is the department and led Walter Shellenberg.

And, too, many of the employees of the SD were not SESS. And even the head of subsection VI A 1 was not a member of the SS.

Thus, the SS and SD are different organizations, although subordinate to one leader.

From the author. In general, there is nothing strange here. This is quite common practice. For example, in today's Russia, there is the Ministry of the Interior (Ministry of Internal Affairs) to which two rather different structures are subordinate to the police and internal troops. And in Soviet times, in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs there were still fire protection and control structures of imprisonment

Thus, summarizing, it can be argued that the SS is one thing, and SD is something else, although there are a lot of member members among the employees of the SD.

Now you can go to the uniform and signs of the difference in SD employees.

The end of the preface.

In the picture on the left: soldiers and officer of the SD in the service uniform.

First of all, the SD staff wore a light gray outdoor tweeter with a white shirt and a black tie a similar shape of common MOP arr. 1934 (The replacement of the Black Uniform of the SS on the sullen continued from 1934 to 1938), but with its signs of differences.
Canta on the caps of officers from a silver flagella, and the soldiers and unter-officers are a green kant. Only green and no other.

The main difference in the form of employees of the SD is that there are no signs in the right loop(runes, skulls, etc.). All SD ranks have a pure black chinstraper to the wrappermannfuer.
Soldiers and Unter-Officers of the Butterphans without edging (until May 1942, Kant still had a black and white striped), the buttercup officers are edged with a silver flagella.

Above the left sleeves is sure to black rhombic with white SD letters inside. The officers of the Rhombick was born with a silver flagella.

The picture on the left: the violating stripe officer of the SD and the buttercups with the signs of the Differences of the Untersturmfuehrer Des SD).

On the left sleeve ahead of the collapsed officers of the SD, undergoing service in headquarters and management, black with silver strips along the edges of the tape, on which the service is indicated by silver letters.

In the picture on the left: the sleeve tape with the inscription, indicating that the owner passes in the management of the SD service.

In addition to the service uniform, which was used for all lifestyles (service, festive, weekend, etc.), CD employees could wear a field shape, similar to the field form of the Wehrmacht and the SS troops with their own differences signs.

On the picture on the right: field uniform (Feldong) Untersharfuehrer DES SD (Untersharfuehreh Des SD) of the 1943 sample. This uniform is already simplified - the collar is not black, but the same color as the uniform himself, pockets and their valve of a simpler design, there are no overalls. The right pure pettle and the only asterisk in the left, denoting chin is clearly visible. Introduction emblem in the form of a SSEs eagle, and at the bottom of the sleeve stripe with SD letters.
Pay attention to the characteristic view of the epaulence and the green edging of the pursuit of the police sample.

Special attention deserves the rank system in the SD. Employees of the SD were called in their SSOP, but instead of the SS console, before the name of the title, had the SD letters behind the name. For example, not "SS-Untersharfuehrer", and "UntershaRfuehrer Des SD". If the employee was not a member of the SS, he wore a police rank (and obviously a police uniform).

Shareers of soldiers and nonsense officers of the SD, not army, and a police sample, but not brown, and black. Please pay attention to the name of the ranks of the staff of the SD. They differed both from the titles of common SS, and from the titles of the MOP's troops.

In the picture on the left: the pursuit of Untersharführera SD. The pursuit lining is herbal-green color, on which two rows of a dual sbit cord are applied. Inner black cord, outdoor silver with black surprises. They enhance a button at the top of the pursuit. Those. In terms of its structure, this is a challenge of an Ober-officer type, but with cords of other colors.

SS-MANN (SS Mann). Sharing a black police sample without Kant. Before May 1942, the loops were edged with a black and white shoe.

From the author. Why the two very first ranks in SD SDS, and the title of common SS, it is incomprehensible. It is possible that the low-chapter positions of the SD staff were gained from among ordinary members of the general SS, who were assigned the signs of the distinction of a police sample, but did not allow the status of the staff of the SD.
These are my speculations, as Boehler does not explain this misunderstanding, but there is no primary source at my disposal.

It is very bad - to use secondary sources, since errors are inevitably arise. This is natural, since the secondary source is a retelling, an interpretation by the author of the primary source. But for lack of failure, it is necessary to use what is. It is still better than nothing.

SS-STURMMANN (SS Stormmmann) Pursuit of a black police sample. Outdoor series of dual southetic cord black with silver surprises. Please note that the SS's troops and in general MOP should be completely the same, and there is already a difference.
On the left butter, one series of dual silver southetic lace.

Rottenfuehrer Des SD (Rottenfuer SD) The case is the same, but in the bottom of the usual German 9 mm Aluminum Galun. On the left pettice, two rows of dual silver scent lace.

From the author. Curious moment. In the Wehrmacht and in the military SS troops, such a stripe indicated that the owner is a candidate for the assignment of a non-officer rank.

Unterscharfuehrer Des SD (Unterstroke SD) Pursuit of a black police sample. The outer row of a dual sorting cord is silver or light gray (depending on which made, aluminum or silk yarns) with black surprises. Pursuit lining forming as it were Cant, herbal and green. This color is generally characteristic of the German police.
On the left button one silver asterisk.

Scharfuehrer DES SD (SD Scarfurr) Pursuit of a black police sample. Outdoor double scent cord silver with black surprises. Pursuit lining formed as if Kant is herbal and green. The bottom edge of the pursuit is closed by the same silver with black surprises with a cord.
On the left pettice, in addition to the asterisk, one series of dual silver southetic lace.

OBERSCHARFUEHRER DES SD (ORBERFUER SD) Empon black police sample. The outer row of a dual sorting cord silver with black surprises. Pursuit lining forming as it were Cant, herbal and green. The bottom edge of the pursuit is closed by the same silver with black surprises with a cord. In addition, on the pursuit of one silver asterisk.
On the left loop, two silver sprockets.

HAUPTSCHARFUEHRER DES SD (Hauptsharfür SD) Empon black police sample. The outer row of a dual sorting cord silver with black surprises. Pursuit lining formed as if Kant is herbal and green. The bottom edge of the pursuit is closed by the same silver with black surprises with a cord. In addition, on the pursuit of two silver sprockets.
On the left button, two silvery asterisks and one series of dual silver southetic lace.

STURMSCHARFUEHRER DES SD (SD SturmShurcher) Empon black police sample. The outer row of a dual sorting cord silver with black surprises. In the middle part of the pursuit of weaving from the same silver with black surprise and black stern shoelaces. Pursuit lining formed as if Kant is herbal and green. On the left pettice, two silver sprockets and two rows of dual silver southetic lace.

It remains unclear whether this title has existed since the creation of the SD, or it was introduced simultaneously with the introduction of the title of SS-Stacksharfür in the SS troops in May 1942.

From the author. It seems that it is mentioned in almost all Russian-speaking sources (including in my works) the title of erroneous SS-Stormsharfür. In fact, it is obvious that the SS troops still in May 1942 introduced the title of CCs-Stacksharfücher, and in the SD Sturmsharfücher. But these are my speculations.

The following describes the signs of the difference in officers of the SD. Let me remind you that their epaulets were like the type of officer's pursuit of the Wehrmacht and the SS troops.

In the picture on the left: the pursuit of the Ober officer of the SD. Pursuit lining black, Kant herbal and green and two rows of a dual southetic cord, envelope buttons. Actually, this conjugant dual cord must be made of aluminum thread and have dim-silver color. At the thin end of light gray shiny silk yarn. But this pattern of the pursuit belongs to the final period of war and the cord is made of simple harsh unbrid cotton yarn.

The buttercups ended with aluminum silver flagella.

All Officers of SD, starting with Untershurmfürera and ending with an overwhelms empty, but in the left signs of differences. From the Standardfürera and above the signs of differences in the titles in both buttercups.

Stars in the buttercups of silver, on the rims are golden. Note that in the common SS and in the troops of the SS, the asterisks on the pursuit were silver.

1. Untersturmfuehrer DES SD (SD Untersturmfürer).
2.obersturmfuehrer DES SD (ORBERSFYUREER SD).
3.Hauptursturmfuehrer Des SD (Gauptshurmführer SD).

From the author. If you start viewing a list of the SD's governing line, then the question arises, which position occupied there "Comrade Stirlitz". In AMT VI (Ausland-SD), where he, judging by the book and the film he served, all the leadership positions (excluding the head of V. Slenberg, who had the General Chin) by 1945, ranked officers in the rank of not higher than the Obursmbannfürera (siren lieutenant colonel). There was only one standardophureer, who occupied a very high post of chief submissions VI B. Some Eugene Steimle. And the secretary of Muller, as Boehler claims, Scholz could not have a rank higher than Untersharfuer.
And if you judge by what I did in the movie Stirlitz, i.e. Private operational work, he could not have the rank above the Unterstand.
For example, open the Internet and make sure that in 1941, the Commandant of a huge concentration camp of Auschwitz (Auschwitz, as the Poles called him) was an officer of the Obrasturmürera (Art. Lieutenant) named Karl Fritz. Yes, and from other commandants no one was above the captain's level.
Of course, the film and the book are purely artistic, but still, as Stanislavsky used to say, "in everything should be the truth of life." The Germans were not scattered and assigned their scoop.
Yes, and then say, the title in military and police structures is a reflection of the level of qualification officer, its ability to hold appropriate posts. According to his position and is assigned the title. And then, not immediately. But it is by no means a certain honorary title or award for combat or service progress. There is orders and medals for this.

Shores of senior officers of the SD were similar in their structure of econctions of senior officers of the SS troops and the Wehrmacht. The pursuit lining had herbal-green.

In the picture on the left of the epaulets and the loovers:

4.Sturmbannfuehrer DES SD (NTurbannfür SD).

5.Obersturbannfuehrer Des SD (ORBERMBANNFYURER SD).

From the author. I intentionally do not contain information about the compliance of the titles of SD, SS and Wehrmacht. And even more so I do not compare these titles with the titles in the Red Army. Any comparisons, especially coming from the coincidence of signs of differences or from the consonance of names, always carry a certain twill. Even the comparison comparison suggested at one time, based on the posts, it also cannot be considered 100% true. For example, we have a commander of the division could not have the title above the Major General, while in the Weirmacht the division commander it was, as they say in the army "Fork position", i.e. Comda could be a Major General or Lieutenant General.

Starting with the title of the SD Standentenführer, the signs of differences in the titles were placed in both buttercups. Moreover, there were differences in petal signs until May 1942 and after.

Curious that straps
standartefuer and overalls were the same (with two asterisks, but loose signs were different. And I ask you to pay attention that the leaves until May 1942 are curved, and after direct. This is important when dating pictures.

6.Standartenfuehrer DES SD (SD Standentenfuer).

7.Oberfuehrer Des SD (Obrafurr SD).

From the author. And again, if the Standardfürera still can be equated to the oborce (Colonel), based on the fact that there are two stars on the pursuit of the stalls as a wicker in the Wehrmacht, then to whom to equate overall. Shoulder straps, and leaves in the leafs two. "Sverhead"? Or "non-henener", because until May 1942 and the Brigadefürer also wore two leaflers in the leafles, but with the addition of an asterisk. But epaulets are the brigadefuer generals.
Ensure to a community in the Red Army? So, our Combrigs unequivocally referred to the highest team composition and wore the signs of the highest, and not a senior committee in the petties.
Or maybe it's better not to compare and not equating? Just proceed from the existing scaly of the ranks and signs of differences.

Well, the ranks and the signs of the difference of koi are unambiguously can be assumed by the general. Weaving on the shoulder straps is not from a dual silver scent cord, but from a construction structure, and two extreme cords are golden, and the middle silver. Asterisks on silver straps.

8.brigadefuehrer Des SD (Brigadefuer SD).

9. Gruppenfuehrer DES SD (SD).

The highest rank in the SD was the title of Obergroupenführer SD.

This title was assigned to the first head of the RSH Rainhard Heydrich, who was killed by the English special services agents on May 27, 1942, and Ernstu Kaltenbrunneru, who occupied this post after the death of Heydrich and to the end of the existence of the Third Rai.

However, it should be noted that the overwhelming majority of the SD leadership were members of the SS organization (Algemeibe SS) and had the right to wearing the SS sys' uniforms with signs.

It is also worth noting that if members of the Algemeine SS general rank, not holding posts in the SS troops, the police, the SD had simply appropriate title, for example, SS-Brigadefuehrer, then "... and General MOC MOIL" . For example, SS-Gruppenfuehrer und General-Leutnant der Waffen SS. And those who served in the police, diabetes, etc. Added ".. and the police general". For example, SS-BRIGADEFUEHRER UND GENERAL-MAJOR DER POLIZEI.

This general rule, but there were many exceptions. For example, the head of the SD Walter Shelesenberg was named as SS-Brigadefuehrer und General-Major Der Waffen SS. Those. CS brigadefuer and major Major Major, although not a single day in the army of the SS served.

From the author. Along the way. Shelengrgg received a general title only in June 1944. And before that, he led the "archiving serviceive service of the third heaven" in the rank of just an overall. And nothing, coped. See, the SD was not so important and increasing special services in Germany. So, like our today's CVR (foreign intelligence service). And then the rank is likely. SVR is still an independent department, and the SD was just one of the departments of RSH.
Apparently, the Gestapo was more likely, if he headed by it since 1939, not a member of the SS and not a member of the NSDAP Ryakhskriminald-director G.Myuller, who was accepted only in 1939, was taken in 1941, he was accepted in the SS and immediately got the rank SS-Gruppenfuehrer und Generalleutnant DER POLIZEI, then Bouch SS-Grupenfurr Und der General of the police.

Introducing questions and requests, although it is somewhat not on the topic, we note that the Rykhsführer SS wore a few different differences from all signs. On the gray general shelter form introduced in 1934, he wore his former shoulder straps from the former black uniform. Only the pursuit was now two.

In the figure on the left: the pursuit and the loop of the Rykhsführera SS.

A few words in defense of the filmmakers and their "kinoaps". The fact is that the uniform discipline in the SS (and in the general SS and the SS troops) and in the SD was very low in contrast to the Wehrmacht. Therefore, it was possible to meet substantial deviations from the rules in reality. For example, a member of the SS somewhere in a spent Country, and not only, and in 45, it could stand in the ranks of the defenders of the city in its black surveillance uniform of the thirties.
That's what I found on the network when I was looking for illustrations for my article. This is a group of chins SD sitting in the car. The driver is ahead in the rank of Rottenfürera SD, though dressed in a gray cuitel arr. 1938, but his epaulets from his black old uniform (which was carrying one shoulder on the right shoulder). Pill Although gray arr. 38g., But the eagle on it is a Verchktovsky uniform (on the dark cluster valve and will be sewn from the side, and not in front. Behind him sits the Obersturfyurr SD with the pins of the sample until May 1942 (striped edging), but the collar will be trimmed in the Verkhovtsky type. Not a police pattern, but the SS troops. Perhaps there are no complaints only for Untersturmfürera sitting on the right. Yes, and then the shirt is brown, and not white.

Literature and sources.

1.P.Lipatov. Uniform of the Red Army and Wehrmacht. Ed.d.d. "Technique-Youth". Moscow. 1996
2. Journal "Sergeant". Shevron series. №1.
3.Nimmergut J. Das Eiserne Kreuz. Bonn. 1976.
4.Littlejohn D. Foreign Legions of The III Reich. VOLUME 4. SAN JOSE. 1994.
5.Buchner A. Das Handbuch Der Waffen SS 1938-1945. FriedeBerg. 1996.
6. BRIAN L.DAVIS. German Army Uniforms and Insignia 1933-1945. London 1973.
7. CA. Storm detachments of NSDAP 1921-45. Ed. "Tornado". 1997
8. Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Ed. "Lokhid-myth". Moscow. 1996
9. Brian Lee Davelvis. Uniforms of the Third Reich. AST. Moscow 2000
10.Sight "Wehrmacht Rank Insignia" (http://www.kneler.com/ wehrmacht /).
11.Sight "Arsenal" (http://www.ipclub.ru/arsenal/platz).
12.V. Shunk. Soldiers of destruction. Moscow. Minsk, Ast Harvest. 2001
13.A.A. Burylev. German Army 1933-1945. Astrel. AST. Moscow. 2009
14. W.Boehler. UNIFORM-EFFEKTEN 1939-1945. Motorbuch Verlag. Karlsruhe. 2009.