What style was writing Rachmaninov. Sergey Rachmaninov: biography, videos, interesting facts, creativity

27.06.2019

Biography Haruki Murakov Haruki Murakami emphasis

russian composer, pianist, conductor

short biography

Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov (April 1, 1873, Semenovo, Novgorod province - March 28, 1943, Beverly Hills, USA) - Russian composer, pianist, conductor. The principles of Petersburg and Moscow composer schools (as well as the traditions of Western European music) also synthesized in his work) and created his original style.

Sergey Vasilyevich Rakhmaninov was born in the noble family. For a long time, the place of birth was considered to be the estate of his parents Onega, not far from Novgorod, but recent years called the estate of Semyanovo Starus district of the Novgorod province.

Father of the composer, Vasily Arkadyevich (1841-1916), came from the nobles of the Tambov province. Family legend leads the origin of Rachmaninov from the "Grandson of the Moldovan Lord Stefan Great" Vasily, called Rachmanin. Mother, Lyubov Petrovna (nee Buttakov) - the daughter of the director of the Arakcheev Cadet Corps of General P. I. Butakov. The grandfather's grandfather's grandfather, Arkady Alexandrovich, was a musician, he studied the piano game from John Field and spoke with concerts in Tambov, Moscow and St. Petersburg. Romances and piano plays are preserved, including the "farewell gallop of the 1869th year" for piano in four hands. Rachmaninova's father was also a musically gifted man, but only amateur only musitis.

The interest of S. V. Rakhmaninov to music was discovered in early childhood. The first lessons of the game on the piano gave him a mother, then a music teacher A. D. Oryatskaya was invited. With its support in the fall of 1882, Rakhmaninov entered the junior branch of the St. Petersburg Conservatory in class V. V. Demya A private board of a famous musical teacher, Professor of the Moscow Conservatory N. S. Zverev. So in the fall of 1885, Rachmaninov moved to Moscow, to the guesthouse and at the same time was adopted on the third course of the younger branch of the Moscow Conservatory in the class of Professor Zverev. In the Guest House, Zvereva reigned a strict discipline: the disciples were to deal with six hours a day. An obligatory was to visit the opera performances and ensemble musitization, including several piano. Four years spent Rachmaninov in the Guesthouse of Zverev (where the Pianists A. I. Zyloti, K. N. Igumnov, F. F. Kenemann, L. A. Maksimov, also lived in different years, A. N. Kseshchenko ). Here, at the age of 13, Rakhmaninov was presented by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. However, four years later, a quarrel happened between Rakhmaninov and Zverev, Rakhmaninov left the board, but remained in Moscow, where his relatives were sheltered - satina, on whose daughters, also a pianist, he later married.

In 1888, Rachmaninov continued his studies on the older department of the Moscow Conservatory in the piano class of his cousin A. I. Ziloti, and a year later, under the leadership of S. I. Taneyev, and A. S. Roshensky began to study the composition.

At the age of 19, Rachmaninov with a large gold medal graduated from a conservatory as a pianist and as a composer. Already in the conservatory, he gained fame among the Moscow public. During training in the conservatory, they already wrote the first piano concert, a number of romances and piano for piano, including Prelude Du-Diez Minor (Op.3 No. 2), which later became one of the most famous works of Rachmaninov. The first opera Rachmaninov - "Aleko" was becoming the first opera, written in the work of A. S. Pushkin "Roma". Opera I really liked P. I. Tchaikovsky, in his insistence opera was set at the Bolshoi Theater, and he even worked on its inclusion in the repertoire of the Bolshoi Theater, together with his Opera "Iolanta", but soon Tchaikovsky unexpectedly fell ill and died, and his idea Not exercised.

At the age of 20, for the sake of earnings, Rachmaninov became a teacher in the Moscow Mariinsky, and then in Elizabethan and Ekaterininsky women's institutions. Rachmaninov also began to give private lessons, which, however, did not like very much. In 24, Rachmaninov, at the invitation of Savva Mamontov, became the second conductor of the Moscow Russian private opera, where he worked in just one season, but he managed to make a noticeable creative contribution and became famous as a conductor. There were friends of Rachmaninov and Fedor Shalyapin. Rachmaninov decided to leave the theater to focus on the composition.

Rachmaninov early, still studying at the Moscow Conservatory, acquired fame as a composer, a pianist and conductor. He was adored by the Moscow public. However, his successful career was interrupted on March 15, 1897 with an unsuccessful premiere of the first Symphony in St. Petersburg. Composer A. K. Glazunov then caught fire the idea to introduce the capital with the music of the young Moscow talent, but the premiere ended with a complete failure, as due to the poor performance of the conductor (the glazing was inexperienced), and - mainly - because of the innovative essence of music, not Understate neither the glazunov himself, nor the Petersburg public. Reviews were defeated. Caesar Kui, for example, wrote in his review that "if there was a conservatory, Rachmaninov in the hell would undoubtedly be in her the first student." Rakhmaninova's negative review of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, with whom he met in the Moscow Russian private opera and whose opinion really appreciated. The failure was the cause of Rachmaninov's deep depression. "I was like a person who had enough hit and from whom a head was taken away for a long time, and his hands ...", "so described Rachmaninov his state. For more than three years in 1897-1901, Rakhmaninov did not compose almost nothing, he spent most of the time in his room on the couch, rebuilding from the house only for private lessons. Only with the help of a well-known hypnoticism doctor of Dr. N. V. Daly He was able to overcome the creative crisis.

In 1901, he graduated from his second piano concert, the creation of which marked the output of Rakhmaninov from the crisis and at the same time - entry into the next, mature period of creativity. Soon he accepted an invitation to take the place of Conductor in the Moscow Bolshoi Theater, where two seasons conducted the entire Russian opera referee (a foreign repertoire was under the control of the main conductor of the Bolshoi Theater - I. K. Altani). After that, deciding to completely devote himself to the compositions, Rachmaninov left a large theater and, having committed a journey in Italy in 1906, settled in Dresden for three years, where he fruitfully composed. In 1909, Rachmaninov made a great concert tour in America and Canada, speaking as a pianist and conductor. In the same 1909, the third piano concert was written.

In 1911, Rakhmaninov, being in Kiev, at the request of his friend and colleague A. V. Osovsky, listened to the young singer Ksenia Durzhinskaya, fully appreciating her talent; He then played a big role in becoming an opera career of this famous singer.

Before the revolution, Rachmaninov composed a lot and often performed in Moscow. Concerts organized by A. I. Ziloti, where Rakhmaninov often conducted very popularity. He was engaged in a lot and the affairs of the Russian musical publishing house, whose artistic council was headed.

On February 21, 1917, the last concert performance of S. V. Rakhmaninov in Petrograd took place in the concert hall of the Tenishevsky school.

Soon after the 1917 revolution in Russia, Rakhmaninov took advantage of the proposal to speak at the concert in Stockholm and at the end of 1917 together with the wife of Natalia Alexandrovna (nee Satina; from Rurikovich's Rurikovichi, who has lost the princely title; accounted for a composer with a cousin on his father) and daughters Irina and Tatiana left Russia, almost without funds, leaving all his property.

Rachmaninov in life

According to the memories of the friend Rakhmaninov, A. F. Gediqa, who knew the composer since the time of study at the Moscow Conservatory and up to his emigration, Rachmaninov was a man true and modest, never lied and never bragged anything. He was also very neat and accurate, supported the perfect order in his office, never late, and in others it appreciated these qualities. He loved in advance to make the schedule of his works in advance and was very sidewrd, if you had to violate plans. Any creative zaminka very quickly led Rachmaninov to the loss of faith in herself, he had an obsessive thought that he would never be able to compose anything worthy in life, and he quickly fell into depression. In general, Rachmaninov was inclined to a pessimistic gloomy mood, and it had much more often from him than cheerful. Rachmaninov did not seriously sick in his youth, but it was extremely detail and often believed that he had a serious illness. If the doctors managed to convince him, he became cheerful and joyful, but only until the next attack of constitution. At the moments of good location of the Spirit Rachmaninov was a cheerful and cheerful, but still always restrained and never had been a fussy. He was distinguished by subtle humor and huge observation.

He began to write Rakhmaninov mostly in the morning if the work went well, he often sat down until the evening, but did not love to work at night. If the work did not go, the mood of Rachmaninov sharply spoiled, he could postpone or throw a work altogether. At the piano Rachmaninov was engaged irregularly and very little, mainly because everything was given to him on the instrument amazingly easily. If I played 1 hour a day, then 40 minutes did the exercises and only 20 minutes played works. At home, unlike concerts, loved to play quietly, listening to each sound, as if "tackling" executable. Many times hit the friends of Rachmaninov's incredible musical memory: hearing a big symphonic work only once than once, he remembered him almost by heart and remembered later for a long time.

Guests at Rakhmaninov were rarely, he mainly communicated with his numerous wife's relatives, the family lived very friendly. From his comrades, he (infrequently) was: M. A. Elephants, N. S. Morozov, N. G. Struve, A. A. Brandukov, N. K. Metener, Yu. E. Zonus, A. B. Goldenveyor , A. F. Gedica. Only occasionally Rakhmaninov traveled to symphony concerts and even less often in the theater. Summer spent in the Tambov province in the estate of satin - Ivanovka, who was very loved and then bought at the test. The estate was engaged in a lot, without sorry forces and funds, loved to delve into economic issues and organize the economy, acquired the latest technique for agricultural works.

The organizational talent of Rachmaninov also appeared briefly, when he, at the request of his friend, S. A. Kusvitsky, headed the artistic Council of the Russian musical publishing house, which gradually led to worldwide fame, despite his huge competition in Russia, and abroad.

Rachmaninov loved church singing, often even in winter he got up at seven o'clock in the morning and, honeying the cab driver, drove into church service, most often in Androniev Monastery on Taganka. Also Rakhmaninov loved the Gypsy singing, sometimes stuck until the night in the restaurants "Yar" or "Strelna". From this in Moscow rumored rumors that Rakhmaninov - Kutil, but it did not fit reality. From the closed lifestyle Rakhmaninov also had a rumor that he drinks a lot, but, according to family and friends, it was also a wrong.

Rachmaninov talked with thick low bass, quietly and leisurely. Very loved to quickly ride the car. Being a peaceful person, drove a car without glasses, which sometimes brought passengers to horror.

In the hard years of the civil war, Rachmaninov helped her friends and acquaintances. Some of its food packages just saved from hunger.

In emigration

In mid-January 1918, having left Russia, Rakhmaninov went through Malmo to Copenhagen. On February 15, he first spoke in Copenhagen, where he played his second concert with Cerizer Georghe Höberg. Realizing that it would not be able to do the composition now, and what can earn money only as a pianist, began to train hard at the piano. Until the end of the season, Rakhmaninov spoke at eleven symphonic and chamber concerts, which gave him the opportunity to pay off with debts.

Returning a fame in Europe, on November 1, 1918, Rachmaninov together with the family sailed from Norway to New York, where he was met with great interest. Starting a stormy concert activity in the United States as a pianist, Rakhmaninov did not stop her until his death, giving a lot of dozens of concerts per season. Rachmaninov's popularity as a pianist was huge. Practically from his very arrival and until the last days there were crowds of reporters, the paparazzi was laughed at unimaginable tricks to take the pictures of Rachmaninov, although he did not like attention to him, and the reporters have crossed him, sometimes withdrawing themselves. To disappear from unnecessary attention while touring in America, Rachmaninov at one time even lived in a personal railway car instead of hotels.

Until 1926, Rachmaninov did not write significant works. The creative crisis, thus lasted about 10 years. Many familiar touch it with deep longing in the homeland he felt. Rachmaninov, despite the glory and various numerous invitations, communicated mainly in the environment of Russian emigrants, surrounded by Russian friends and Russian servants, subject to homeland. According to the memories of relatives, only communicating with the Russians he was cheerful and satisfied. For all the years in Emigration, Rakhmaninov had almost no friends of foreigners, one of the few exceptions was Frederick Steinway, head of the company "Steinway and Sons", the piano manufacturer.

Only in 1926-1927 new works appear: the fourth concert and three Russian songs. During his life abroad (1918-1943), Rachmanins created only 6 works, which, however belong to the heights of Russian and world music.

Living and speaking mainly in the United States, from 1930 to 1940, Rachmaninov spent a lot of time in Switzerland, where he built a luxurious villa "Senar" with a large garden and overlooking the Lake of Lake and Mount Pilatus .. At that time, Rachmaninov often toured in Europe . He spoke with concerts at the Lucerne Festival. Soon, he was recognized as one of the greatest pianists of his era and the largest conductor, although he was conducted often.

In 1941 he graduated from his last work, many recognized as the greatest creation, - symphonic dances. This work was the most beloved for Rakhmaninov himself.

Although Rachmaninov could not tolerate Soviet power and to approach the lost Old Russia, the news of the attack of Germany in the USSR made a vast impression on him. During the Great Patriotic War, covered by almost panic for the fate of the Motherland, he gave several concerts in the United States, the entire money fee from which sent to the Red Army Foundation and advised all Russian emigrants to contribute to all Russian emigrants. The money fee from one of its concerts transferred to the USSR Defense Fund with the words: "From one of the Russians, the Russian people in his fight against the enemy. I want to believe, I believe in a complete victory. " It is known that the composer was built for the needs of the army combat aircraft. According to some reports, Rachmaninov even went to the Soviet embassy, \u200b\u200bwanted to go home shortly before death.

Sergey Vasilyevich smoked a lot, almost did not give a cigarette from his mouth. His grandson of his grandson Alexander Rachmaninov, the founder of the Foundation S. V. Rachmaninov, connects with this habit, on the slope of years in the USA. Rachmaninov himself did not suspect about his disease. Rachmaninov's last concert gave just six weeks to death.

Rachmaninov died on March 28, 1943 in Beverly Hills, California, USA, without surviving three days before its 70th birthday. He was buried at Cemetery Kensico. In his will, Sergey Rakhmaninov ordered him to bury him in New York next to his wife and daughter. About this the greatness of the composer Susan-Sofia Volkonskaya-Vanameaker reminded Radio Freedom correspondent.

Creative characteristic

The creative appearance of Rachmaninov-composer is often determined by the words "the most Russian composer". In this brief and incomplete characteristic, both the objective quality of the style of Rachmaninov, and the place of his heritage in the historical perspective of world music. It was the work of Rakhmaninov who made the synthesizing denominator who united and splaved the creative principles of Moscow (P. Tchaikovsky) and St. Petersburg composer schools in a single and solid Russian style. The topic "Russia and its fate", general for the Russian art of all species and genres, found in the work of Rakhmaninov an exceptionally characteristic and complete embodiment. Rachmaninov in this respect was as a continuer of the tradition of the Opere of Mussorgsky, Roman Corsakov, the Symphony of Tchaikovsky and the link in the continuous chain of the national tradition (this topic was continued in the work of S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, Sviridova, A. Schnitka and Dr.). The special role of Rachmaninov in the development of the national tradition is due to the historical position of the creativity of Rakhmaninov - the contemporary of the Russian revolution: it was the revolution, reflected in Russian art as a "catastrophe", "the end of the world" was always a semantic dominant topic "Russia and its fate".

Work portrait K. A. Somova

Creativity Rachmaninov chronologically refers to the period of Russian art, which is called "Silver Age." The main creative method of art of this period was symbolism, the features of which were brightly manifested in the works of Rakhmaninov. The works of Rachmaninov are saturated with complex symbolism expressed using symbol motives, the main of which is the motive of medieval cholation Dies Irae. This motive symbolizes the premonition of the catastrophe, the "end of the world", "retaliation" from Rakhmaninov.

Christian motives are very important in the work of Rachmaninov: being a deeply believer man, Rachmaninov not only made an outstanding contribution to the development of Russian spiritual music (liturgy St. John of Zlatoust, 1910, Vigrosive, 1916), but also in other works, Christian ideas and symbolism embodied in other works.

The technique of the musical composition of Rachmaninov did not respond to the "fashionable" innovations of the XX century. (such as dodecafonia, ultrahromaticism, aletoric, polystylation, etc.). At the same time, within the framework of the style, which is generally defined as "neoromantic", Rachmaninov managed to develop a specific, easily recognizable musical language. For the expanded tonality of Rachmaninov, for example, the so-called Rakhmaninovskaya subdominant is characterized by the "Rakhmaninovskaya harmony") and modalism (Dorian Lad, Gypsy Gamma, etc.), in Rhythm - Multioli in combination with regular groupings of durations (polyritmia). Recognizable and its specific piano texture.

Evolution of creative style

Creativity Rachmaninov is customary to divide into three or four periods: early (1889-1897), mature (it is sometimes divided into two periods: 1900-1909 and 1910-1917) and late (1918-1941).

Rakhmaninov's style, which grew up from the late romanticism, was subsequently undergoing significant evolution. Like its contemporaries A. Skryabin and I. Stravinsky Rakhmaninov at least twice (approx. 1900 and approx. 1926) radically updated the style of his music. Ripe and especially the late style of Rachmaninov comes far beyond the limits of the prescript tradition ("overcoming" of which began even in the early period) and at the same time does not belong to any of the stylistic flows of the musical avant-garde XX century. Creativity Rakhmaninov, therefore, stands by a mansion in the evolution of world music of the 20th century: by absorption many achievements of impressionism and avant-garde, the style of Rachmaninova remained uniquely individual and peculiar, not having analogues in world art (excluding imitators and epigal). In modern music, Parallel with L. Van Beethoven is often used: as well as Rachmaninov, Beethoven came out in his work far beyond the routing style of his style (in this case - Viennese classicism), without joining the romance and remaining alien romantic worldview .

First early period - Began under the sign of late romanticism, learned mainly through the style of Tchaikovsky (the first concert, early plays). However, already in the trio of re-minor (1893), written in the year of the Death of Tchaikovsky and dedicated to his memory, Rachmaninov gives an example of a bold creative synthesis of traditions of romanticism (Tchaikovsky), "Kuchksty", the ancient Russian church tradition and modern household and gypsy music. This work is one of the first in world music of examples of polystyption - as if symbolically hesmed by the continuity of tradition from Tchaikovsky - Rakhmaninov and the entry of Russian music in a new stage of development. In the first symphony, the principles of stylistic synthesis were developed even more boldly, which served as one of the reasons for her failed at the premiere.

Period of maturity It is observed by the formation of an individual, mature style based on the intonational baggage of the bannant manner, the Russian song and the style of late European romanticism. These features are pronounced in the famous second concert and the second symphony, in the piano preludes. 23. However, starting with the symphony poem "Island of the Dead" The style of Rachmaninov is complicated, which is caused, on the one hand, appeal to the subject of symbolism and modern, and on the other - the implementation of the achievements of modern music: impressionism, neoclassicism, new orchestral, textured, harmonic techniques. The central work of this period is the grand poem of the "Bell" for the choir, soloists and the orchestra, for the words of Edgar on translated by K. Balmont (1913). Bright innovative, saturated with new choral and orchestral techniques, this work had a huge impact on choir and symphonic music of the 20th century. The subject of this product is characteristic of the art of symbolism, for this stage of Russian art and creativity Rachmaninov: in it are symbolically embodied by various periods of human life, leading to the inevitable death; The apocalyptic symbolism of bells, carrying the idea of \u200b\u200bthe end of the world, presumably influenced the "musical" pages of Roman T. Manna "Dr. Faustus".

Late - Foreign Creativity Day - marked with exceptional peculiarity. Rachmaninov style is made up of one-piece alloy of various, sometimes opposite stylistic elements: the traditions of Russian music - and jazz, the ancient Russian bannyal manner - and the "restaurant" stage of the 1930s, the virtuoso style of the XIX century - and the rusting virtue of the avant-garde. In the very heterogeneity of stylistic prerequisites, the philosophical meaning is the absurdity, the cruelty of being in the modern world, the loss of spiritual values. The works of this period are distinguished by mysterious symbols, semantic polyphony, deep philosophical subtext.

Last work Rachmaninova - Symphonic Dances (1941), brightly embodulating all these features, many compared with the Roman M. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita", finished at the same time.

The value of the composer creativity Rachmaninova Hugely: Rachmaninov synthesized various trends in Russian art, various thematic and stylistic directions, and united them under one denominator - Russian national style.

Rachmaninov enriched Russian music by the achievements of the art of the 20th century and was one of those who brought the national tradition to a new stage. Himaninov enriched the intonational fund of Russian and world music by the intonational luggage of the ancient Russian bannant manner.

Rachmaninov (along with Sviabin) brought Russian piano music of the 20th century to the global level, became one of the first Russian composers whose piano works enter the repertoire of all pianists of the world.

The meaning of the performing creativity Rachmaninova Not less large: Rachmaninov-pianist became a benchmark for many generations of pianists of different countries and schools, he approved the global priority of the Russian piano school, the distinguishing features of which are: 1) deep content of execution; 2) attention to the intonational wealth of music; 3) "Singing on the piano" - imitation by means of piano vocal sound and vocal intonation.

Rachmaninov-Pianist left the reference records of many works of world music on which many generations of musicians learn.

A family

On April 29, 1902 in Moscow, in the Church of the 6th Grenadier Tavrichesky Regiment (Vichennik Anatoly Zamarayev) "The hereditary nobleman Sergey Vasilyev Rakhmaninov" was an applied with the "daughter of the State Advisor to the girl Natalia Alexandrova Satina", his cousin.

Rachmaninov's spouses had two daughters, Tatiana and Irina. Irina had the only daughter of Sofia, who lived in Costa Rica. Tatyana's daughter married a lawyer B. Yu. Cousy, her son Alexander accepted Rakhmaninov's surname. Being by profession a lawyer in the field of copyright, he led the Foundation S. V. Rakhmaninov. Alexandra remained two daughters - Marina and Emmanuel.

Memory

Coin of the Bank of the Russian Federation

Postage Mark Moldova, 1997

Monument to Sergey Rakhmaninov in Veliky Novgorod

Monument Rachmaninov in Tambov on ul. Rachmaninova.

Rakhmaninova's grave in Kesentiko Cemetery near New York

International Prize named after Sergei Rakhmaninova

Since 1982, Rakhmaninovskoe society has been operating in Russia in Russia, thanks to the efforts of which a monument to Rachmaninov at Passion Boulevard (1999), monuments in Tambov and Veliky Novgorod are established in Moscow, and the International Contest of Pianists.
In 1999, at the place of the former manor Semyranovo (12 km south of the village of Pinaev Gorki, Zalissky rural settlement, Novgorod region) have a memorial sign of birth here Rakhmaninova.

In 1968, a museum was created, and since 1987 - Museum-Usadba S.V. Rachmaninova in the village of Ivanovka of the Uvarovsky district of the Tambov region.
In 2011, the International Music Festival was founded in Kazan on the initiative of the artistic director and the main conductor of the State Symphony Orchestra of the Republic of Tajikistan. S. Rakhmaninova "White Lilac." The festival is held annually in May.
Rakhmaninov's name is Rostov State Conservatory, Tambov State Music and Pedagogical Institute, Kaliningrad Regional Music College, Chisinau Russian Music Lyceum (Former Middle Special Music School named after E. Koki), Rakhmaninovsky Hall of the Moscow Conservatory, Music School in Moscow (Moscow structural unit (Moscow City United Children's School of Art) "Izmailovo") and the Novgorod regional college of the arts.
Streets, named after Rakhmaninov, are available in Sochi, Kiev, Alma-Ata, Tambov, Penza, Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Morshansk, Krasnodar and in the New York district of Bronx.
On June 14, 2009, a monument to Sergey Rachmaninov's work was opened in Veliky Novgorod.
At the facade of the house number 5 on passionate boulevard in Moscow, where S. Rachmaninov lived and worked, a memorial boards of work of the sculptor N. I. Niss-Goldman was established.
In Moscow, in a mansion at Big Ordinke, 6/12 is supposed to open the composer museum; The Government of Moscow This building was leased to Rakhmaninov community until 2018.
In 2013, in Moscow, on the initiative of the Russian pianist, the laureate of international competitions, Professor Academy APS Violetta Egorova established the International Prize named after Sergei Rakhmaninov. The official awards ceremony is held annually at the Moscow Conservatory.
March 18, 2010, in honor of Rakhmaninov, the crater Rachmaninov was named on Mercury.
On October 5, 2017, the solemn opening of the monument to Sergey Rakhmaninov took place in the Museum "Ivanovka" (Tambov region).

Senar's estate

After the death in early November 2012, Alexander Rakhmaninova (1933-2012), the grandson and the only heir of the composer, the relatives planned to set the Searar's estate in Switzerland to the auction, followed by the sale in parts of the property and unique items of cultural heritage S. V. Rakhmaninov. In these circumstances, Russian pianist Denis Matsuev raised Vladimir Putin to the President of the Russian Federation, the question of redemption of the estate in favor of Russia for the device of the composer Memorial, holding music master classes, festivals and competitions. The issue price, according to expert estimates, is approximately 630-650 million rubles. President Putin agreed to make efforts to implement this idea.

Rakhmaninov's societies

International Rakhmaninovskoe Society in Darmstadt, Germany
St. Petersburg Rakhmaninovskoe Society
Rakhmaninovskoe society in Moscow
London International Rakhmaninovskoe Society
INTERNATIONAL RAHMANINOVO SOCIETY G.MAYAM, SAN JOSE

Work

Prelude Op. 23 No. 5.

In brackets - the end date of the work.

oR. 1 - Concerto for Piano with Orchestra No. 1 (1890)
oR. 2 - Two Pieces for Cello and Piano (1890)
oR. 3 - fantasy plays for piano (1892)
op. 4 - Romance (1892)
oR. 5 - Suite number 1 for two piano (1893)
oR. 6 - Two Pieces for Violin and Piano (1893)
oR. 7 - Symphonic Fantasy "Utös" (1893)
oR. 8 - Romance (1894)
oR. 9 - Elegy Trio No. 2 for Violin, Cello and Piano (1893)
oR. 10 - Salon Pieces for Piano (1894)
oR. 11 - Six Pieces for Piano Four Hands
oR. 12 - Gypsy Capricchio (1895)
oR. 13 - Symphony number 1 (1895)
oR. 14 - Romance (1897)
oR. 15 - six choirs for women's or children's voices (1897)
oR. 16 - Music Music For Piano (1897)
oR. 17 - Suite number 2 for two piano (1900)
oR. 18 - Concerto for Piano with Orchestra No. 2 (1900)
oR. 19 - Sonata for Cello and Piano Salt Minor (1901)
oR. 20 - Cantata "Spring" (1901)
oR. 21 - Romances (1902)
oR. 22 - Variations on Chopin (1902)
oR. 23 - Preludes for Piano (1903)
oR. 24 - Opera "Surround Knight" (1903)
oR. 25 - Opera "Francesca da Rimini" (1904)
oR. 26 - Romance (1907)
oR. 27 - Symphony number 2 (1907)
oR. 28 - Sonata No. 1 for Piano (1907)
oR. 29 - Symphonic poem "Island of the Dead" (1908)
oR. 30 - Concerto for Piano with Orchestra No. 3 (1909)
oR. 31 - Liturgy St. John Zlatoust (1911)
oR. 32 - Preludes for Piano (1910)
oR. 33 - Etudes-Piano Piano (1911)
oR. 34 - Romance (1911)
oR. 35 - Poem "Bells" for choir, soloists and orchestra (1913)
oR. 36 - Sonata No. 2 for Piano (1913)
oR. 37 - Vigil Vigil (1915)
oR. 38 - Six poems for Voice and Piano (1916)
oR. 39 - Etudes paintings (1917)
oR. 40 - Concerto for Piano with Orchestra No. 4 (1927)
oR. 41 - Three Russian songs for choir and orchestra (1928)
oR. 42 - Corelli Variations for Piano (1929)
oR. 43 - Rapseody on Paganini for Piano with Orchestra (1935)
oR. 44 - Symphony number 3 (1937)
oR. 45 - Symphonic Dances (1941)

Works without opus.

Sergey Rakhmaninov (creativity and biography of which are studied in all musical educational institutions not only our country, but also the world) is a great Russian composer, as well as a pianist and conductor. He is the author of a huge number of works of various genres - from etudes to the opera. Music S. Rachmaninova is impregnated with romance, energy, lyrics and freedom.

Briefly about the composer

Sergey Vasilyevich Rakhmaninov, biography, photos of which are presented in this article, was an outstanding composer. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky himself, when for the first time he heard a student of the Conservatory S. Rakhmaninov, predicted him a great future. The composer possessed an extraordinarily beautiful hearing and excellent musical memory. The first opera written by S. Rakhmaninov, "Aleco" was delivered in the Bolshoi Theater when the author was only 20 years old. Since 1894 S.V. Rachmaninov began pedagogical activities. In the years of the revolution, I emigrated from the country and the remaining life lived abroad, where it was very time for his homeland, but it was not destined to return.

Childhood and youth

Rachmaninov's biography is interesting from his children's years. The composer was born on April 1, 1873. Place of birth is definitely not installed. But all his childhood Sergey Vasilyevich spent in the estate called Onegg near Novgorod, who belonged to his mother. Although in some sources you can find a statement that he was born in an old community, in the manor Semyanovo. Sergey Vasilyevich was not the only child in the family. In total, his parents had six children. He had two brothers - Arkady and Vladimir, and three sisters - Varbara, Sofia and Elena. Music S. Rakhmaninov was engaged in 5 years.

Biography Rakhmaninova S.V. associated with such names as V.V. Demyansky, Nikolay Zverev and S.I. Taneyev. These are three great teachers who trained Sergey Vasilyevich. Higher musical education composer began to receive in St. Petersburg. But after 3 years of study, he moved to Moscow. Next, he studied in the metropolitan conservatory at two compartments: compositions and piano. He graduated from Sergey Vasilyevich Conservatory with a gold medal. Concrete S. Rakhmaninov began in student years. Petr Ilyich Tchaikovsky attended the exam at Sergey Vasilyevich and put him five with three pluses.

Parents of the composer

In the family of military and pianist, the composer Sergey Rachmaninov was born. The biography of his mother love is not known to be known too well. She was a daughter of General. Born in 1853, she died in 1929. She graduated from the conservatory in the class of piano. Her teacher was Anton Rubinstein. She had a rich dowry - five estates with large plots of land. One estate was Rodov, the rest were received by her father as a reward for the service.

Biography Rachmaninova Vasily Arkadyevich - Father of the Great Composer - is connected with the army and music. He was born in 1841 and died aged 75 years. He was an officer, hussar, at the same time he was gifted musical. He entered the service aged 16 years in the rank of Unter-Officer. A year later, he became a junker, and another year - an ensign. Then he visited the ranks: a podoruk, Kornet, senior adjutant, headquartered by Rothmistra, Lieutenant. Several times resigned for family reasons and returned to the ranks of the military.

Finally was dismissed from service for health in 1872. After that, it was appointed with several counties of the Novgorod province with a mediator of land. During the years of military service, he was awarded: a cross for the conquest of the Caucasus, a silver medal for the conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan, a medal for the doubt of Polish insurrection and a silver medal for the conquest of the Western Caucasus.

Spouse Sergey Vasilyevich

Biography Rakhmaninova S.V. It would be not quite complete without a story about his beloved spouse. In the personal life of the composer there were changes in 1902. With his future wife, Natalia Satina, he spent almost all his teenage years, they were very friendly. The composer dedicated her famous romance to her "Do not sing, beautiful, with me."

On April 29, 1902, a wedding of a loved pair took place in a small church on the outskirts of Moscow, after which the newlyweds immediately went to the station and went on a trip. In Russia, they returned only in a few months.

Soon their eldest daughter Irina was born. Sergey and Natalia were relatives - cousins \u200b\u200band sister. At that time, it was forbidden to marry close relatives, for this it was necessary to obtain permission from the emperor himself, and he gave such permissions only in particularly exceptional cases. Sergey Rachmaninov filed a petition of the king, but married loved, without waiting for an answer from him. Everything cost. A few years later they had the second daughter.

Descendants of the Great Composer

Loving father was Sergey Rachmaninov. The biography of his descendants is also associated with music. The composer had two wonderful daughters who loved their father very much and the memory of him was prevented. Irina studied in the United States, perfectly owned two languages \u200b\u200b- English and French. Long time lived in Paris. It was the wife of Prince P. Volkonsky. The marriage lasted only 1 year, the spouse passed away, although he was only 28 years old. Second daughter S.V. Rakhmaninova, Tatiana, also studied in America. In the 1930s, the 20th century moved to Paris. Her husband was Boris Zonus - the son of a violinist, a composer and a teacher who studied at a conservatory at one course with her father - S. Rakhmaninov.

Alexander Rakhmaninov-Cousy - Son of the daughter of the composer Tatyana. He is the only grandson of Sergey Vasilyevich. He inherited his grandfather's letters, his archive and autographs. Alexander was engaged in the organization of contests named after his grandfather, and also conducted celebrations dedicated to S.V. Rachmaninov in Switzerland.

The most famous opuses

A lot of works wrote Sergey Rachmaninov. Biography and creativity of this great Russian composer are significant for our country. He left a huge heritage for descendants.

Works of Sergei Rakhmaninova:

Operas: "Surround Knight", "Francesca and Rimini", "Aleko".
Sonata for Cello and Piano.
Concerts for piano with orchestra.
Vocaliz for voice accompanied by piano (dedication to the soloist Opera A. Nezhdanova).
Symphony.
Rhapsody on Paganini.
Poys: "Island of the Dead", "Bells" and "Prince Rostislav".
Suite "Symphonic Dancing".
Cantata "Spring".
Fantasy "Utøs".
Pieces fantasy for piano.
Sonatas for piano.
Capricichio on Gypsy themes.
Pieces for Cello and Piano.
The works for the choir A-Capella: "Vigil Vigil" and "Liturgy John Zlatoust."
Russian songs for choir with orchestra.
Pieces for piano in 4 hands.

As well as a large number of romances, preludes, Russian songs, etudes and much more.

Carrier activity

Composer Rachmaninov, whose biography is not limited to performing and writing activities, since 1897 began the conductor. He served as a cappermaster in the Opera Theater of the famous Petshenate Savva Mamontov. Here Sergey Vasilyevich met Fedor Shalyapin, with whom his whole life was in friendly relations. In 1898, Sergey Rachmaninov was on tour in the Crimea with the Opera House, there was his acquaintance with Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. A year later, the conductor S. Rakhmaninov first left for touring abroad - to England.

Emigration

During the 1917 revolution, Sergey Vasilyevich Rakhmaninov left for tour abroad. The composer has never returned to Russia. At first, the family settled in Denmark, and in a year she moved to America. There Sergey Vasilyevich lived until his death. He was very good at home and dreamed of returning. For a long time, living in emigration, he did not write new works. Only after 10 years, Muza again visited him, he continued composer activity, but as the conductor performed extremely rarely. Most of the works written by Sergey Vasilyevich abroad are impregnated with longing about the native country. In America, S. Rachmaninov had a huge success. The composer died on March 28, 1943. Buried under New York.

This article gives the full biography of Rachmaninov - from children's years to the last days of life.

A man was enthusiastic, honest, demanding to others and to himself was S. Rakhmaninov. Biography, interesting facts from which evidence of this was reviewed by us in this article. But few know that:

in childhood, Sergei Vasilyevich very much loved to be with his grandmother in the monasteries and listen to the ringing of bells;
the grandfather of the composer was a fan pianist, took lessons from John Fild, wrote music and several of his works were published;
at 4, Sergei Vasilyevich was already able to play four hands in a duet with grandfather;
the first love of the composer was the faith Scalon, she also fell in love with the young S. Rakhmaninov, he dedicated her a romance "in the silence of the night mystery" and a few more works, wrote her touching letters;
Sergey Vasilyevich was very punctual;
when the composer was angry, his face became terrible;
s. Rashmaninova had a very quiet voice;
the composer did not like being photographed;
preferred Russian cuisine;
favorite entertainment S. Rakhmaninova - Horse riding, skates, swimming, cars and motorboats, agriculture.

Sergey Rachmaninov Biography is summarized in this article.

Rakhmaninov Sergey Vasilyevich Brief biography

Sergey Rakhmaninov - Russian composer, pianist, conductor.

Born March 20, 1873 In the noble family. A long place of birth was considered to have the estate of His parents Onega, not far from Novgorod, but the studies of recent years call the estate of Semyanovo Starus district of the Novgorod province.

From the young age, Sergey Rachmaninov began systematically learn music. In 1882, he entered the St. Petersburg conservatory.

In 1885 he moved to Moscow and became a student of the Moscow Conservatory. Here Sergey Rachmaninov first met with Peter Tchaikovsky. The famous composer noticed a capable student and carefully followed his successes.

In 1891 Rakhmaninov graduated from a conservatory with a large gold medal as a pianist, and in 1892 - as a composer. Since the winter of 1892, the public speeches of Rachmaninov as a pianist began.

Bright artistic personality Rachmaninova revealed back in conservative years - in the first piano concert (1891) and opera "Aleco" (1892) Systiously written symphonic fantasy "Rock" (1893), the first symphony (1895), etc. indicated the diversity of his creative interests.

Genuine flourishing came at the beginning of the 20th century with the creation of such wonderful works as the second (1901) and the third (1909) piano concerts, the second symphony (1907), piano preludes and etudes paintings.

The first foreign speech of Rachmaninov took place in London in 1899. In 1900, he visited Italy.

In 1898-1900, he repeatedly performed in the ensemble with Fedor Shalyapin.

In 1904-1906, Rakhmaninov worked as a conductor in the Bolshoi Theater, wrote two single-acting operas - "Francesca da Rimini" (1904) on Libretto Modest Tchaikovsky on Dante Aligiery and "Surround Knight" (1904) in Pushkin.

Large instrumental opuses of the 1900s - Symphony No. 2 (1907) and concert number 3 for piano with orchestra (1909). The symphonic poem "The Island of the Dead" (1909) is distinguished by a gloomy colors (1909), inspired by the same name of the Swiss painter of Arnold Becklin.

Since 1906, three winters of Rachmaninov spent in Dresden, in the summer returning home. He often performed at that time in Europe as a pianist and conductor. In 1907, he participated in Russian historical concerts organized by Sergey Dyagilev in Paris, in 1909, first played in the United States, in 1910-1911 played in England and Germany.

In the 1910s, Rachmaninov paid a lot of attention to large choral forms.

In December 1917, Rakhmaninov went on tour to Scandinavia, he was not returned to Russia.

In America, Sergey Rakhmaninov achieved great success. Since 1918, the composer lived in America, where he achieved great success. In the US, he toured a lot and composed little. Only in 1941 created the greatest work of Rachmaninov - "Symphony Dances".

During the Second World War, Rachmaninov gave several concerts in the United States and the entire money was sent to the Soviet Army Foundation, which had very substantial assistance.

March 28, 1943 Rachmaninov died after severe illness in the circle of their loved ones in Beverly Hills, California, USA.

Rachmaninov was married to Natalia Satina - Father's relative. In 1903, the daughter of Irina was born in the family of Rachmaninov, in 1907 - Tatiana.

Introduction

rachmaninov Composer Piano Symphony

Rowing x1x - XX centuries. - The amazing period in Russian history. This is a holistic historical and cultural complex, characterized, on the one hand, outstanding discoveries and achievements, strong personalities and talents, economic modernization and lifting, and on the other hand - social catastrophes, wars and revolution. This is the time of large-scale unusually rapid yield of Russian culture into the international arena; Period of rapid development and nomination of new forces and flows russian culture, which is called "Silver Age". With comparative briefness, from about the beginning of the 1890s to 1917, the period was charged with high potential of creative energy, and left the richest heritage in all areas of art. Russian music during this period came to the avant-garde of world musical culture.

I.A. Ilyin somehow said: "There is no Russian art without a burning heart; There is no free inspiration ... ". These words can be used to use the curious Russian composer, a pianist and conductor of the late XIX - early XX centuries. Sergey Vasilyevich Rakhmaninova. In his music, the entire spectrum of spiritual quest for artists of the Silver Century is multifaceted and deeply captured - thirst for new, emotional raise, desire to "live a studied life" (A.A. Blok). Rachmaninov synthesized the principles of Petersburg and Moscow composer schools in his work, harmoniously connected the traditions of Russian and European art, creating his original style, which subsequently had a significant impact on Russian and world music of the 20th century, and approved the global priority of the Russian pianistic school.

And it's not by chance that the closure of the XXII Winter Olympic Games in Sochi passed to the music of Rachmaninov, where his famous second piano concert was performed.

. Sergey Vasilyevich Rakhmaninov - short biographical information

Rakhmaninov Sergey Vasilyevich (1873-1943) is a brilliant composer, an outstanding pianist-virtuoso and conductor, whose name has become a symbol of Russian national and world musical culture.

Rahmaninov was born on March 20, 1873 in the noble family in the estate of Onega belonging to his mother, under Novgorod. The early childhood of the future composer passed here. The attachment to the poetic Russian nature, to the images of which he more than once turned into his work, originated in the children's and adolescent years. In the same years, Rachmaninov had the opportunity to quickly listen to Russian folk songs, which loved her whole life very much. Visiting the Novgorod monasteries together with her grandmother, Sergey Vasilyevich listened to the famous Novgorod bells and the Old Russian ritual jerseys, in which he always noted national, government sources. In the future, this will affect his work (the poem Cantata "Bells", "Veligid Vigil").

Rachmaninov grew up in a musical family. His grandfather, Arkady Alexandrovich, who studied from John Fild, was a fan pianist and a composer, famous by the author of salon romances. Several writings were published in the 18th century. The Father of the Great Composer, Vasily Arkadyevich Rakhmaninov, was a man of exceptional musical talenity.

Interest S.V. Rachmaninov to music was discovered in early childhood. The first lessons of the game on the piano gave him a mother, then the music teacher A.D. was invited Ornah. According to the memoirs of the composer himself, the lessons delivered a "big displeasure" to him, but for four years he could already play four hands with his grandfather.

When the future composer was 8 years old, his family moved Petersburg. By that time, his musical abilities were quite noticeable, and in 1882 he was taken to the St. Petersburg conservatory, in the junior piano class V.V. Demyansky.

In 1885, Rachmaninova listened at the time very young, but the already famous musician, a cousin Sergey Vasilyevich, A.I. Silty. Making sure to give his cousin, Ziloti takes him to the Moscow Conservatory, to the class of famous Pianist-teacher Nikolai Sergeevich Zverev (whose student was also Scriabin).

In the famous Moscow private board of Music teacher Nikolai Zvereva Rakhmaninov spent several years. Here, at the age of 13, Rakhmaninov was represented by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, who later took great part in the fate of the young musician. The famous composer noticed a capable student and carefully followed his successes. After a while P.I. Tchaikovsky said: "I predict him a great future."

Having studied at Zverev, and then in Zylot (because Zverev was engaged only with children), at the senior department of the conservatory Rachmaninov begins to work under the leadership of S.I. Taneyev (counterpoint) and A.S. Arensky (composition). From the fall of 1886, he became one of the best disciples and received a scholarship named after N.G. Rubinstein.

Among the works written during the years of study: the 1st concert for the piano with the orchestra and the symphonic poem "Prince Rostislav" (by A.K. Tolstoy). Gifted by an extraordinary musical hearing and memory, Rachmaninov in 1891 at 18 years old, brilliantly graduated from a conservatory with a gold medal as a pianist in the piano class. A year later, in 1892, when he graduated from the Moscow Conservatory in the Working Class, he was awarded a large gold medal for outstanding performers and composer successes. Together with him finished the conservatory and Scriabin, who received a small gold medal, because Great awarded only to students who graduated from a conservatory in two specialties (Scriabin finished as a pianist).

The most significant of the early works is his thesis - the Aleko Opera Opera on Pushkin's Pushkin's poem. It was finished in an unprecedented short term - a little more than two weeks, - in just 17 days. The exam took place on May 7, 1892; The Commission put Rakhmaninov to the highest assessment.

For her, Tchaikovsky, who was present on the exam put his "musical grandson" (Rakhmaninov studied at Taneev, a beloved student of Peter Ilyich) a five plus, surrounded by four advantages.

The premiere of "Aleko" in the Bolshoi Theater took place on April 27, 1893 and had a huge success. The music of the opera, which conquers youthful passion, dramatic power, wealth and expressiveness of the melodies, received a high assessment of the largest musicians, critics and listeners. The musical world took away to "Aleko" not as school work, but as to the creation of the highest master. Especially highly appreciated the opera P.I. Tchaikovsky: "I really liked this adorable thing," he wrote to his brother.

In the last years of Tchaikovsky's life, Rachmaninov often communicates with him. He appreciated the creator of the "peak lady". A number of works compounds the first success and moral support of Tchaikovsky, Rakhmaninov after graduation. Among them are the symphonic fantasy "Utös", the first suite for two pianos, "musical moments", the Diez Minor's Prelude, which later became one of the most famous and favorite works of Rachmaninov. Romances: "Do not sing, beautiful, with me," "in the silence of the night mystery," "Islet", "Spring water".

At the age of 20, he became a Piano Teacher in the Moscow Mariinsky Women's School, in 24 years - Conductor of the Moscow Russian private opera Savva Mamontov, where he worked for one season, but managed to make a significant contribution to the development of the Russian opera.

Thus, Rachmaninov early acquired fame and as a composer, a pianist and a conductor.

However, his successful career was interrupted on March 15, 1897 with an unsuccessful premiere of the first Symphony (conductor - A.K. Glazunov), which ended with a complete failure of both due to poor performance and due to the innovative essence of music. According to A.V. Osovsky, a certain role was played by the inexperience of Glazunov as the head of the orchestra during rehearsals.

A strong shock led Rakhmaninov to the creative crisis. During 1897-1901, he could not compose, focusing on performing activities.

In 1897-1898, Rakhmaninov conducted performances by the Moscow private Russian opera Savva Mamontov, at the same time his international performing career began. The first foreign speech of Rachmaninov took place in London in 1899. In 1900, he visited Italy.

In 1898-1900, he repeatedly performed in the ensemble with Fedor Shalyapin.

By the beginning of the 1900s Rakhmaninov managed to overcome the creative crisis. The first major work of this period is the second concert for piano with the orchestra (1901), for which the composer was awarded to the Glinka Prize.

The creation of a second piano concert marked not only the yield of Rachmaninov from the crisis, and at the same time - entry into the next, mature period of creativity. The following decades have become the most fruitful in his biography: Sonata for Cello and Piano (1901); Joyful, spring minigration penetrated Cantata "Spring" (1902) on the poems of Nekrasov "Green noise", for which the composer also received the Glinkin Prize in 1906

A significant event in the history of Russian music was the arrival of Rakhmaninov in the fall of 1904 in a large theater for the post of Cerizer and the head of the Russian repertoire. In the same year, the composer completed his Opera "Surround Knight" and "Francesca da Rimini". After two seasons, Rakhmaninov left the theater and settled first in Italy, and then in Dresden. Here the symphonic poem "Island of the Dead" was written.

In March 1908, Sergey Vasilyevich became part of the Moscow Directorate of the Russian Music Society, and in the fall of 1909, together with A.N. Scriabin and N.K. Motton, - to the Council of the Russian Music Publishing House. At the same time, he created choral cycles "Liturgy of St. John of Zlatoust" and "Vesniggy".

The Moscow period Rakhmaninov ended in 1917, when the Great October Socialist Revolution occurred. At the end of 1917, he was invited to give several concerts in the Scandinavian countries. He drove together with his family and did not return to Russia anymore. He left his homeland, pulled away from the soil on which his work grew. Rachmaninov had experienced a deep internal drama until the end of their days. "Having left Russia, I lost a wish to compose. Having lost his homeland, I lost myself ... "he said.

At first Rachmaninov lived in Denmark, where a lot acted with concerts, earning a living, then, in 1918, moved to America. From the first concert in the small town of Providence in the state of Rhode Island, the concert activity of Rakhmaninov began, which continued without a break for almost 25 years. In America, Sergey Rachmaninov achieved stunning success, which ever accompanied here to a foreign executor. Rachmaninov-Pianist was a cumier of the concert audience, who conquered the whole world. Gave 25 concert seasons. The listeners attracted not only the high executive skill of Rakhmaninov, but also the manner of his games, and the external asceticism, followed by a bright genius of a brilliant musician.

Interestingly, the Americans consider Sergei Rakhmaninov - a great American composer.

In the emigration of Rachmaninov almost ceased its conductor performances, although in America it was invited to take the post of head of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and later the orchestra of Cincinnati. But he did not agree and only occasionally got up for the Caribbean remote, when his own essays were performed.

Living abroad, Rachmaninov did not forget about his homeland. He very closely followed the development of Soviet culture. In 1941 he graduated from his last work, many recognized as the greatest creation, "symphonic dancing".

During the Second World War, Rachmaninov gave several concerts in the United States and the entire money was sent to the Soviet Army Foundation, which had very substantial assistance. "I believe in a complete victory," he wrote. Apparently, it affected the loyal attitude of the Soviet government to the memory and heritage of the Great Composer.

In just six weeks before the death of Rachmaninov, he spoke with the first concert of Beethoven and with his "Rhapsody on Paganini". The attack of the disease was forced to interrupt a concert trip. Rachmaninov died on March 28, 1943 in Beverly Hills, California USA.

The great Russian composer died, and his music remained with us.

Pianists of this scale as Rachmaninov are born once every 100 years.

Years of life S.V. Rachmaninov coincided with the period of the greatest historical shocks, who were told on his own life and creative path, at the same time brilliant and tragic. He witnessed two world wars and three Russian revolutions. He welcomed the wreck of Russian autocracy, but did not take October. Having lived almost half of life abroad, Rachmaninov felt a Russian man before the end of the days. His mission in the history of world art can not be determined and evaluated otherwise as the mission of the singer of Russia.

2. Great Russian pianist and composer S.V. Rakhmaninov

2.1 General Creative Characteristics

For most musicians and listeners, the compositions of Rakhmaninova are an artistic symbol of Russia. This is the true son of the Silver Age, one of the most important elements of the Russian culture of the ages of the ages.

The topic "Russia and its fate", general for the Russian art of all species and genres, found in the work of Rakhmaninov an exceptionally characteristic and complete embodiment. Rachmaninov in this regard was as a successor of the tradition of the Opere Musorgsky, Roman Corsakov, the Symphony Tchaikovsky and the link in the continuous chain of the national tradition (this topic was continued in the work of S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, Sviridova, A. Schnitka and Dr.).

The special role of Rachmaninov in the development of the national tradition is due to the historical position of the creativity of Rakhmaninov - the contemporary of the Russian revolution: it was the revolution, reflected in Russian art as a "catastrophe", "the end of the world" was always a semantic dominant topic "Russia and its fate".

Christian motives are very important in the work of Rachmaninov: being a deeply believer man, Rachmaninov not only made an outstanding contribution to the development of Russian spiritual music, but also in the other works embodied Christian ideas and symbolism. His life-friendly compositions - Liturgy of St. Music have great importance for spiritual Russian music. John of Zlatoust (1910) and Vigil Vigil (1915). In 1913, the monumental poem "Bell" was written on poems Edgar software for soloists, choir and orchestra.

Numerous threads associate Rachmaninov's music with various phenomena in the literature and the art of that time. With White, Balmont, Merezhkovsky, Hippius Rakhmaninov relates some common aesthetic philosophical views. Rachmaninov understood art as an expression of the highness of human searches, the expression of a beautiful man in spiritual misery. Music is the expression of sensual beauty. Rachmaninov was close to those who tried to reveal the spiritual roots of Russia, to revive the old Russian music, the spiritual concert of the XVIII century, the parties singing. The culmination of the cultural renaissance was his "Veligid Vigil".

By the nature of taking Rachmaninov - a lig with open emotionality. It was characterized by a combination of two types of deeply lyrical method of saying: 1) Pathetic, emotion; 2) sophistication, sounding silence.

Lyric Rakhmaninov expresses love for man and nature and at the same time fear of unheard of change and rebellion. Beauty in perfect contemplative expression and rapidly bubbles - in this polarity Rakhmaninov acts as a man of his time. But Rachmaninov was not only a lyrik, the epic features are pronounced in his work. Rachmaninov is a writer artist Wooden Russia, bell tongues. His heroic epichacity (an emotional way to comprehend reality is combined with epic, narration).

Melody. Unlike his contemporary, Scriabin, always thinking in music in the instrumental forms, Rachmaninov from the very first essays showed the vocal nature of his dating. The vocal feeling of the melody has become a leading line of all its genres, including instrumental. Rachmaninov's music in general Pauloiding, in this one of the secrets of dustiness. Its melodies are inherent in breathing latitude, plasticity, flexibility. The origins are numerous: urban and peasant song, urban romance, banned sowing. His melodies had characteristic contours: a rapid splash with gradual rollbacks.

Harmony. Relied on the conquest of romantics. The multi-loop chords are characterized, the expansion of subdominant formations, Majoro-Minor tools, Alterated chords, polyharmonia, organions. "Rakhmaninovskaya Harmony" is a reduced introductory terrticvartakkord harmonic with Quarta (in Minor). Characterized by a diverse transit of bell tower. Harmonic tongue over time evolved.

Polyphony. In each product, there is a grain or imitation polyphony.

Metrortom. Characterized by Barcarol, flowing rhythms or marches, chased. Rhythm performs two functions: 1) helps to create an image (non-discontinued rhythmic Ostinato); 2) Forming.

Forms and genres. Begins as a traditional musician: writes piano miniatures in a three-part form, a piano concert, mastering the rules of the liturgical cycle. In the 900s. A tendency to synthesis forms is found, and then to the synthesis of genres.

.2 Evolution of creative style, musical language

The origins of Rachmaninov's creativity - in Chopin, Shuman, Grieg - outstanding lyrics of the XIX century, in the spiritual Orthodox culture, in the work of Mussorgsky and Borodin. Over time, the art of Rachmaninov absorbs a lot of new things, the evolution of the musical language occurs.

Rakhmaninov's style, who grew up from late romanticism, undertention has undergone a significant evolution: like its contemporaries - A. Skryabin and I. Stravinsky - Rachmaninov at least twice (approx. 1900 and approx. 1926) radically updated the style of his music. Ripe and especially late Style Rachmaninov comes far beyond the limits of the prescript tradition ("overcoming" which began in the early period), and at the same time does not belong to any of the stylistic flows of the musical avant-garde XX century. Creativity Rakhmaninov, therefore, stands by a mansion in the evolution of world music of the 20th century: by absorption many achievements of impressionism and avant-garde, the style of Rachmaninova remained uniquely individual and peculiar, not having analogues in world art (excluding imitators and epigal). In modern music, the parallel with L. van Beethoven is often used: as well as Rachmaninov, Beethoven came out in his work far beyond the rising style of his style, without joining the romance and remaining the alien romantic worldview.

Rakhmaninov's creativity is customary to divide into three or four periods: early (1889-1897), mature (it is sometimes divided into two periods: 1900-1909 and 1910-1917) and late (1918-1941).

The first - early period - began under the sign of late romanticism, learned mainly through the style of Tchaikovsky (the first concert, early plays). However, already in the trio of re-minor (1893), written in the year of the Death of Tchaikovsky and dedicated to his memory, Rachmaninov gives an example of a bold creative synthesis of traditions of romanticism (Tchaikovsky), "Kuchksty", the ancient Russian church tradition and modern household and gypsy music. This work is one of the first in world music of examples of polystyption - as if symbolically hesmed by the continuity of tradition from Tchaikovsky - Rakhmaninov and the entry of Russian music in a new stage of development. In the first symphony, the principles of stylistic synthesis were developed even more boldly, which served as one of the reasons for her failed at the premiere.

The period of maturity is marked by the formation of an individual, mature style based on the intonational baggage of the bannant manner, Russian song and the style of late European romanticism. These features are pronounced in the famous second concert and the second symphony, in the piano preludes. 23. However, starting with the symphonic poem "Island of the Dead" the style of Rachmaninov is complicated, which is caused by, on the one hand, the appeal to the subject of symbolism and modern, and with another implementation of the achievements of modern music: impressionism, neoclassicism, new orchestral, textured, harmonic techniques.

Late - a foreign period of creativity - marked exceptional peculiarity. Rachmaninova style is made up of one-piece alloy of various, sometimes opposite stylistic elements: the traditions of Russian music and jazz, the ancient Russian bannyal manner and the "restaurant" pop in the 1930s, the virtuoso style of the XIX century - and the rigid virtucy of the avant-garde. In the very heterogeneity of stylistic prerequisites, the philosophical meaning is the absurdity, the cruelty of being in the modern world, the loss of spiritual values. The works of this period are distinguished by mysterious symbols, semantic polyphony, deep philosophical subtext. The last work of Rachmaninov is a symphonic dance (1941), which brightly embody all these features, many compared with the Roman M. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita", finished at the same time.

.3 piano creativity

Creativity Rachmaninov is extremely multifaceted, its legacy includes various genres. Piano music occupies a special place in the work of Rachmaninov. He wrote the best works for his beloved tool - piano. This is 24 preludes, 15 etudes-paintings, 4 concerts for piano with orchestra, "Rhapsody on Paganini" for piano with orchestra and others.

Rachmanins as a pianist and piano composer brought a new hero - courageous, volitional, restrained-harsh, summarizing the best features of the intelligence of the time. This hero is devoid of division, mystics, he expresses thin, noble, elevated feelings. Also Rachmaninov enriched Russian piano music with new topics: the tragic, national-epic, landscape lyrics, a very wide range of lyrical states, Russian bell.

Rakhmaninov's legacy includes opera and symphonies, chamber-vocal and choral spiritual music, but most of all the composer wrote for piano. Creativity Rachmaninov can be considered the completion of the traditions of European romantic piano music. The heritage of the composer in the piano genre can be conditionally divided into 2 groups:

group - Large works: 4 concerts, "Rhapsody on the topic of Paganini" for piano with orchestra, 2 sonates, variations on the topic of Corelli.

group - Pieces for Piano Solo. Early: OR. 3 fantasy plays, op. 10 Salon plays, music moments. 16. Mature: Preludes OR. 23 and OR. 32, Etudes-paintings OR. 33 and OR. 39, concert polka, transcription of own romances and other authors.

Between two groups of works is a principal difference: the compositions of the 2nd group of Rakhmaninov finished writing in Russia (until 1917), and the compositions of the 1st group wrote from 1891 to 1934, they cover the composer's life. Thus, the works of large form most fully reveal the evolution of creativity, and the solo plays help to understand the formation. In addition, Rachmaninov addressed the opera genre. He is the author of the 3-axis operas "Aleco", "Surround Knight", "Francesca da Rimini".

Full list of works S.V. Rachmaninova is reflected in the application.

Rachmaninovsky pianism reflects the style of a large concert pop, for which the scale of forms, virtuosity, dynamics, power, relief is characteristic. Despite this, there are plays of the finest, filigree work.

Piano technique Rachmaninova - in the style of romantic pianism sheet, Rubinstein: double notes, octave-chord passengers, difficult jumps, passage of small notes, multi-handed chords with a large stretching, etc.

Each created image has a register, timbral uniqueness. Dominates bass sound. "Basy Life" (T. Mann), the foundations of being, to which the artist's thought is attached, with whom his emotional world correlates. The lower voices are dynamically and articulating the most expressive, most characteristic sound plan.

He loved to place a melody on average, cello register. Rakhmaninovsky piano is like a cello in a slow, in the ability to express slow flow.

Characterized by a downward movement that prevails over the ascending. Dynamic decline can be marked by the whole sections of the form. Creative the theme of Rakhmaninov began to care, the art of form he is always the art of care. In the plays of the small form Rachmaninov expresses the topic with all the fullness. Emotion is always coming. The descent is not interrupted, the hollow movement is felt in each section, in each phrase.

Rachmaninov's music is impressive by courageous force, rebellious pathos, an expression of limitless babysitting and happiness. At the same time, a number of works of Rachmaninov are saturated with sharp drama: a deaf painful melancholy is heard here, the inevitability of tragic and terrible shocks is felt. Such a sharpness is not accidental. Like its contemporaries - Scriabin, a block, Vrubel Rachmaninov was an expressive of romantic trends characteristic of the Russian art of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The art of Rachmaninov is characterized by emotional raising. Rachmaninov was a heartfelt singer of Russian Nature.

An important place in the works of Rakhmaninov belongs to the images of Russia, the Motherland. The national nature of music is manifested in a deep connection with the People's Russian Song, with the intonations of the ancient Russian church singing (sampled bias), as well as in a wide implementation in the music of bell sounds: a solemn chime, Nabatha. Rachmaninov discovered for piano music the region of belliness - the ringing of bells was the sound environment in which the musicians of Russia were. Rachmaninov found a gradual amount of care in the ring, the ringing was "an inappropriateness of non-existence." As a result, the sounding image of the piano created by Rachmaninov, there is an embodied experience of the latitude and grace of earthly elements, material being. Textual, dynamic, register, pedal solutions of Rachmaninov serve the transfer of solid, solid, filled property and the embodiment of being.

Phenomenal technician, virtuoso skill were subordinated to the game Rachmaninov high spirituality and the bright imagery of the expression. The melodiousness, power and completeness of "singing" are characteristic of its pianism. Steel and at the same time flexible rhythm and special dynamics inform the game Rachmaninov The inexhaustible wealth of shades - from almost orchestral power to the gentle Piano and expressiveness of living human speech.

One of the most famous works of Rachmaninov is a second concert for piano with orchestra, written in 1901. Here are characteristic of the composer the belliness and rapid turbulent movement. This is the national-color feature of the harmonic language Rakhmaninov. Spill singer, in Russian wide melodies, element of active rhythm, brilliant virtuality, subordinate content, distinguish the music of the third concert. It shows one of the original foundations of Rachmaninova's musical style - an organic combination of latitude and freedom of melodic breathing with rhythmic energy.

.4 symphonic creativity. "Bells"

Rachmaninov became one of the largest symphonists of the 20th century. The second concert opens a fruitful period in the compositional activities of Rakhmaninov. Fine works appear: Preludes, etudes-paintings. The largest symphonic writings of these years have been created - the second symphony, the symphonic poem "Island of the Dead". These years have been created, a wonderful work for choir and Cappella "Veligid Vigil", Opera "Skupoy Knight" by A.S. Pushkin and Francesca da Rimini on Dante. The symphonic heritage includes two cantais - "Spring" and "Bells" - their style determines the instrumental interpretation of the choir, the dominant role of the orchestra and a purely symphonic manner of the presentation.

"Bells" - a poem for choir, orchestra and soloists (1913) - one of the significant works of Rachmaninov, which is distinguished by the depth of philosophical design, magnificent skill, wealth and variety of orchestral flavor, and the breadth of genuinely symphonic forms. Bright innovative, saturated with new choral and orchestral techniques, this work had a huge impact on choir and symphonic music of the 20th century. It is written in the poem of Edgar software in translating K. Balmont. In the generalized-philosophical plan, the image of a person and the fatal rock strength pursuing it is revealed.

parts - the 4th stage of the life of a person who Rachmaninov reveals through different types of bell tongues. Even - "silver ringing" of road bells, personifying youthful dreams, full of light and joy. The "golden ringing", calling for a wedding and hearing about human happiness. Part - "Copper Ring" reproduces the formidable sound of Nabatha, announced about the fire. The "iron ringing" painting the funeral picture.

Thus, the first two parts draw an image of hope, light, joy, follow-up two - the image of death, threats.

The subject of this work is characteristic of the art of symbolism, for this stage of Russian art and creativity Rachmaninov: in it are symbolically embodied by various periods of human life, leading to the inevitable death. At the same time, Rachmaninov did not accept the pessimistic ending of the poem of E. software - its orchestral conclusion was built on a major version of the phillary of the final, wearing an elevated-enlightened character.

Rachmaninov himself, about the genre of the work, said that he could be called choral symphony. In favor of this, the scale, the monumentality of the plan, the presence of 4 contrast parts, a large role of the orchestra.

2.5 Rachmaninov's Creativity

The value of the composer creativity Rachmaninov is huge.

Rachmaninov synthesized various tendencies of Russian art, various thematic and stylistic directions, and united them under one denominator - Russian national style.

Rachmaninov enriched Russian music by the achievements of the art of the 20th century and was one of those who brought the national tradition to a new stage.

Rachmaninov enriched the intonational fund of Russian and world music by the intonational baggage of the ancient Russian bannyal manner.

Rachmaninov for the first time (along with Sviabin) brought Russian piano music to the global level, became one of the first Russian composers whose piano works are included in the repertoire of all pianists of the world.

The significance of the performing work of Rachmaninov is equally great.

Rachmaninov-Pianist became a benchmark for many generations of pianists of different countries and schools, he approved the global priority of the Russian piano school, the distinguishing features of which are:

) deep content performance;

) attention to the intonation wealth of music;

) "Singing on the piano" - imitation by means of piano vocal sound and vocal intonation.

Rachmaninov-Pianist left the reference records of many works of world music on which many generations of musicians learn.

Conclusion

Thus, completing this work, briefly allocate the main thing.

Rachmaninov is the largest Russian composer, pianist and conductor of the end of the XIX - early XX centuries.

Music Rachmaninova and today concerns and pleases millions of listeners, it fascinates the strength and sincerity of the feelings expressed in it, beauty and truly Russian latitude of melodies.

Rachmaninov's legacy:

The first period is an early, student (end of the 80s - 90s.): Piano miniatures, the first and second piano concert, the symphonic poem "Prince Rostislav", the fantasy "Utös", Opera "Aleko".

The II period is mature (900th. - up to 1917): vocal and piano miniatures, the third piano concert, the "Island of the Dead", Cantata "Spring", "Bells", "Liturgy John Zlatoust", "Veligid Vigil". The period is characterized by the contrast of moods, images, shapes and genres. After departure abroad, almost 10 years does not write anything, there is only concert-performing activities.

III Period - Late (1927-1943), created a number of masterpieces: "Variations on the topic of Corelli", the fourth piano concert, the third symphony, "Rhapsodia on Paganini", symphonic dances. Gradually enhances the tragic principle.

When Music Rachmaninov sounds, it seems as if you hear a passionate, figurative, convincing speech. The composer transfers his life - and the music is pouring an endless, wide river (second concert). Sometimes it boils like a rapid sighted stream (Romance "Spring Water"). Rachmaninov talks about those minutes when a person enjoys the peace of nature or rejoices the beauty of the steppe, forests, lakes, - and the music becomes especially gentle, light, some kind of transparent and fragile (the romances "well", "island", "Lilac") . In "Music Landscapes" Rakhmaninov, as in the descriptions of nature, his favorite writer A.P. Chekhov or in the paintings of the artist I.I. Levitan, finely and spiritualized charm of Russian nature, modest, non-market, but infinitely poetic. A lot of Rachmaninov and pages, full of drama, anxiety, a rebellious impulse.

His art is distinguished by the vital truthfulness, democratic focus, sincerity and emotional fullness of artistic statement. In his writings, passionate gusts of irreconcilable protests and quiet contemplation, loose alert and volitional determination, gloomy tragedy and the raptitude of the hymn are coexisted. The topic of the Motherland, central in the mature work of Rachmaninov, with the greatest completeness embodied in its large instrumental works.

Contemporaries recognized Rakhmaninov the greatest pianist of the twentieth century. Rachmaninov constantly concert in Russia and beyond. In 1899, he made a tour to France, who were accompanied by a deafening success. In 1909 he spoke with his works in the United States of America. His performances were brilliant, his virtuoso was its execution, distinguished by internal harmony and completeness.

Rachmaninov also known as one of the largest opera and symphonic conductors of their time, which has given a peculiar and multifaceted interpretation of many classic works written to it. For the first time for the conductor, he got up at the age of only twenty years, - in 1893, in Kiev, as the author of Opera Aleko. In 1897, his work began with the second conductor in the Moscow private Russian opera S.I. Mamontov, where Rachmaninov acquired the necessary practice and experience of performances.

Deep and versatile understanding of art, subtle ownership of the author's transferred to them, taste, composure, discipline in work, preliminary and final, - all this in combination with sincerity and simplicity, with the rarest personal musical gifting and selfless dedication to the sublime purposes, puts the execution of Rakhmaninov to Almost unfavorable level.

Bibliography

1.Vysotskaya L.N. History of Music Art: Tutorial / Sost: L.N. Vysotskaya, V.V. Amosov. - Vladimir: Publishing House Vladim. State University, 2012. - 138 p.

2.Emokhonova L.G. World Art Culture: Textbook / L.G. Emokhonov. - M.: Academy, 2008. - 240 s.

.Konstantinova S.V. History of world and domestic culture / S.V. Konstantinova. - M.: Eksmo, 2008. - 32 s.

.Mozheiko L.M. History of Russian music / L.M. Mozheko. - Grodno: UGSA, 2012. - 470 s.

.Rapatskaya L.A. The history of the artistic culture of Russia (from ancient times until the end of the XX century): studies. Manual / L.A. Rapatskaya. - M.: Academy, 2008. - 384 p.

.Rapatskaya L.A. World Art. Grade 11. Part 2: Russian Art Culture Tutorial. - in 2 parts / L.A. Rapatskaya. - M.: Vlados, 2008. - 319 p.

.Sergey Rachmaninov: History and modernity: Sat. Articles. - Rostov-on-Don, 2005. - 488 p.

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Sergey Rachmaninov - an outstanding Russian composer, a pianist and conductor born on March 20 (April 1) of 1873 in the manor of Semenovo Novgorod province.

Childhood and parents

The father of the future world celebrity was the retired Military Vasily Arkadyevich Rakhmaninov. He played well on different tools, but was engaged in this at the amateur level. Most likely, musical talents were passed on the father's line, as the grandfather played on the piano and in the cities of Russia with the tour went a lot. The works complicated them reached this day.

Mama Sergey called Love Petrovna. Her father headed the Cadet Corps and did not have a relationship. On April 2, the baby was baptized, dipping in the font of the local church.

Music talent showed up the boy early. His mother introduced a little Sergey with notes, held the initial lessons of the game on the piano. With a moving family, a specially invited music teacher, Mother's friend of A.D. Yornatskaya, who at one time studied at the Conservatory of St. Petersburg, is professionally begins to engage in the estate Ongi.

In young age

After a certain time, the Rachmaninov family moves to the capital of the Russian Empire. Relations between parents became very difficult, the father lost to the card all the dowry spouse and left the family. Love Petrovna, along with children, remained in absolute poverty, so Sergey had to live from his aunt to at least somehow alleviate a difficult position.

Two years later, with the support of the Ornah, young Rakhmaninov entered the conservatory. Granted to itself and not having any control, the boy began to skip classes. It was interesting for him instead of studying a touch letter to go on a skating rink or ride a horse. When it became known, it was decided to translate it to Moscow.

In a new place, in a private boarding house, Professor N.S. Zverev was strict and permanent supervision. Here Sergey was no longer before nonsense - six o'clock musication every day with compulsory visits to the Philharmonic and the Opera House.

Zverev developed in his students an artistic taste and a wide cultural outlook, inviting famous musicians to the guesthouse. There Rakhmaninov met Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, which became an important milestone in the biography of young dating.

Career

The very first essays of Rakhmaninov, who came to our time, date back to 1887, that is, when he was 14 years old. Three years later, Sergey on the poems of Russian poets wrote romances, and the "Waltz" so that sisters scallan, and there were three of them, could perform it on piano at the same time in six hands.

Big (it is written from the capital letter, probably to give significance) the Gold Medal was awarded Rakhmaninov at the end of the Moscow Conservatory, which he graduated from both a pianist and as a composer. The brilliant graduation work of the graduate musician was the Opera "Aleko", consisting of one act. It was very nice to Sergey from the realization that he highly appreciated his opera P.I. Tchaikovsky.

At the insistence of world celebrities, it was put on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater. Moreover, Tchaikovsky raised the question of the inclusion of "Aleko" into the repertoire of the most majestic theater in Russia, but it was not given to the idea. Peter Ilyich unexpectedly fell ill and died suddenly. Sergey dedicated to the genius of an Elegy trio, calling him the "memory of the Great Artist".

Rachmaninov began publicly acting as a pianist. To earn more money, he had to give piano lessons for students in a private manner. But for a long time Sergey was not enough, the talent is hard to teach ordinary mortals. They need to fully explain once, they do not know how to grab on the fly, there is no patience. In general, the composer did not like the composer at all, and did not hide it.

The premiere of the first symphony written by him at the age of 22 unexpectedly turned into a complete failure in 1897, which became an absolute shock for Rakhmaninov. The most severe critic was distributed to the work. He was not so ready for this that heavy melancholy struck Sergey. He did not want to do anything, the depression was overcome the musician.

The family of the bride, and he was then declared the official fiance of Natalia Satina, rushed to save him. With the help of the Moscow inhever, Nikolai Dalya, and rather his daughter's bright beauty of Lana, in which Rachmaninov falls in love, the composer managed to return to life and creativity.

Sergey declares him abroad, where he performs first in London, then in Italy. It happens just at the turn of the two centuries. The next 15 years become the best and most fruitful in the creative biography of celebrities. A mature period of the composer's activities begins, as evidenced by his second piano concert - important events for the world of classical music.

At the peak of glory

Rachmaninov comes insane popularity, it is surrounded by outstanding friends - Fyodor Shalyapin, Vladimir Horowice, Nathan Milstein. Three winters he lives in German Dresden, then in Paris he carries at concerts, leading to the local public enthusiasm, comes tour of the United States and Canada, where Muizitsy on the piano.

Compounds the third piano concert. Further - more: Romances "Lilac", "Well", "Daisy", piano plays, liturgical compositions, a symphonic poem, musical works for violin. He works in pleasure, everything is easily obtained.

Everywhere Sergey Vasilyevich accompanies success, he bathes in world glory. And at this point there is a October revolution. Hegemon proletariat, right in front of the musician, unceremoniously twisted his piano from the generic estate. A musical instrument, as a relic of bourgeois royal regime, flies from the second floor, like an unnecessary vehicle.

The composer did not perceive the Soviet power and at the first opportunity left Russia forever. By the way, he had a heavy gap with his mother, which did not go to emigration. It is not known what a conversation took place, but later the son almost did not communicate with her. In 1918, Rachmaninov settled in the United States.

Love for Russia, he will sweep until the end of his days, during the Second World War they will be given a lot of help from fray and individual people living in their homeland. A lot of money musician will list to protect the country from a formidable enemy, but a negative reaction will always cause him a mention of Soviet strictly, whose leaders Sergey did not remove.

Nine years of life abroad were marked by a large number of concerts on which the musician played and conducted. It took a lot of strength and energy, so Rachmaninov did not compose new music. It turned out such forced stagnation.

In general, for all the years of emigration, and this is not a lot, no, a quarter of a century, Sergey Vasilyevich created only six works. There was no such former "fountaining" creativity, when they asked: "How could I create so much for such a small period of time?" But all his musical compositions belong to masterpieces of musical art.

Personal life

After the young Rakhmaninov left the private boarding house of an outstanding musical teacher of Zverev, he began to live at his native aunt Varvara Arkadyevna Satina, who saved young genius from Nishchensky existence. Tetkin daughter Pianist Natalia Satina will be his future wife, that is, Sergey marries his cousin.

Rachmaninov's fellow heart will survive and other ardent moments. In the summer of 1890, he stayed in Ivanovka, where he was the estate of his native aunt on his father, and met there with sisters Scalon - Natalia, Lyudmila and faith. Mutual youthful love covered it and the healer, which he called "My Psychopaistus." Returning to Moscow, he writes more than hundreds of gentle, affectionate letters.

However, all this does not interfere with Rakhmaninov, almost immediately fall in love with the wife of his own friend Anna Logyanskaya. Yes, and the romance in her honor to devote with such a provocative name "Oh No, I pray, do not go!" What audacity.

With his wife Natalia

There is nothing surprising that the creative person is always on the writing of the sublime lyrics aims a love for a woman. At the end of his life, the musician only confirm the obvious. Sources of inspiration will call love, nature, poetry and through a long pause ... a beautiful lady.

A very contradictory and secretive was Rachmaninov, and it is not always possible to understand it. So, for example, he argued that the musician need to live alone, although his relatives testify to another. Whatever it claimed, and he himself could not carry solitude completely.

With his future wife Natalia Alexandrovna Satina, although they were already familiar for a long time, Sergey was carried away when he was twenty years old. It is she who dedicated to the romance "Do not sing, beautiful, with me." The wedding was played in 1902, the wedding passed in the military church. The couple had two daughters - Irina and Tatiana. Then the grandchildren appeared.

Secrets told many years

According to the grandson of the composer Alexander Rakhmaninov (now the deceased, he was not in 2012), an outstanding musician for forty years lived in a very burdensome love triangle for him. His heart belonged not only to the spouse Natalia, and she knew perfectly well from the very beginning of all the long and hidden from other stories. Externally, everything was fine, idyll in relationships.

But Sergey and the wife had no doubt that at the end of each concert, the pianist will be waiting for a small gift. It is always unchanged - a twig of white lilac. I wonder where Lana found her in the cold months of winter. Yes, this is exactly the most daughter of the doctor.

Natalia, on this occasion, did not suit her husband scandals, did not say any words of reproach, did not find out any relationship. What were the experience of a woman in the soul, it is better not to represent. What she was worth it, it's impossible to think here. It turns out that Natalia specifically came up with the legend that Rakhmaninov was covered with a long period of melancholy, which he goes to the hypnosis sessions to Dr.. Although he walked there for another occasion. You should talk about the grandeur of the musician's wife.

It was hard and Sergey Vasilyevich, in the heart of which the love of both women fell in harmoniously. Of course, he suffered because of this, but it was powerless to do anything, and punished himself for this several decades. None of them wanted to get rid of a great pianist and conductor.

Someone noted that the music of the composer looks like a sinner's plenty, asking for forgiveness. I will not say that we did not investigate this issue deeply.

When the outstanding composer left before death, Natalia Alexandrovna sent a shofope for Lana and she immediately arrived. At the time of the last sigh, the head of the Great Man was two women. "My good genius" - just as Sergey called his wife in gratitude for her wisdom and patience.

Died Rachmaninov hard. Due to the fact that he smoked a lot, he had oncology. True, the pianist himself did not suspect this and worked until the last days. The final period of life Sergey was in California. At some point, the musician seemed to play his "all-in-bed" on the street. In a moment, he went to the best of the worlds forever. Before his 70th anniversary remained three days.

It is believed that Rachmaninov has always been gloomy, unlike, with a difficult character. In the photos, he is unshapping, harsh, sometimes even frightened with high growth in 198 cm. American reporters could not understand his alienation from their own admirers, because the star should actually love to be in the spotlight.

I didn't like the composer when I climbed to take pictures, and I didn't love the interview at all and if I had answered the questions of the press, it was reluctant.

His grandson, who led the foundation named after his famous relative, was narrated by the little-known episodes of grandfather's life. It turns out that the composer was a simple person, with a good sense of humor inherent in him. He could have fun, joking, pinned over Chaliapin, with whom he was familiar from the end of the century. He also did not remain in debt, kindly speaking Sergey: "Morda You are my Tatar", knowing that the Tatar roots were in the genus.

It was somehow once Rachmaninov herself had fun when he entered a quiet note into a sharp-cooked case cooked for a chamber concert with a narrow circle of persons. Sergey knew in advance that the bass Fedor Ivanovich would not be able to take this note and therefore sat down modestly at the end of a small hall to be the first to exit.