Oral folk creativity: species, product genres and examples. Oral folk creativity: species, production genres and examples forum Oral Russian creativity
Throughout life, we surround various items and things. These are clothes, dishes, furniture ... They represent our second, man-made nature, reflecting the level of social development affecting spirituality. Therefore, it is of great importance, with what toys they play our children and what stuff serve us in everyday life. In the old days, people surrounded themselves with objects that today see us as Russian folk creativity are embroidered towel, colorful matretors, woven bright scarves, decorated with wooden and clay dishes, stitched from the doll fabric.
Today it is surrounded by household items made on the conveyor. We do not cut a kitchen mom as a gift and do not decorate it with a scorched ornament, do not embroider the towels, do not knit socks, because all this can be purchased ready, beautiful and new. But for some reason, our spiritual start is sad and impossible. We do not sing songs in front of bedtime and more and more often suffer from depression, it seems to create and make the joy of our loved ones. But at the same time, we vaguely remember that once the Russian was the basis of the education of the younger generation.
Today we earn money. Returning from work, we buy food along the way. We come home and hurry to turn on the TV. It seems that everything is fine, but some emptiness oppresses us. We lack in the life of spirituality and aesthetics, so manual crafts are again becoming very fashionable in all developed countries. The higher the level of human development, the more expensive to him our Russian folk art.
Foreigners go to Russia to get acquainted with the decorative and applied wealth of our people. Ceramics, Lace, Khokhloma, Palee, painted boxes and writing eggs are only a small list of wealth, which is Russian folk art - man-made, cheerful, with colorful character. Nature itself chose all the best from these nuggets and retained on the century, having transferred us unique traditions.
Even made not quite skillful hand crafts, drawings on the Lubke or Bereste have an amazing force and transmit a miraculous feeling of beauty, because unfortunate masters performed these items with love to please their relatives, decorate their hard life in the harsh northern country.
Sends us images formed by the worldview of people. Even puddling somewhere the plot for your product, the master adds his vision and soul to it. For example, become nobles in the XVIII century, decorate their palaces with lions in the XVIII century, and Nizhny Novgorod trees on a tree showed the appearance of these wonderful animals and decorated with them hungry, cutting on and window sills of very good-natured lions that resemble homemade cats.
Is it not a confirmation of the rule that Russian folk creativity does not copy anything? It is always a separate and unique art that has roots in ancient times. Walking, our Russian people believed in good forces and asked them. So, embroidery the towel or lower shirt, the woman portrayed among bright colors. According to popular belief, when this bird sings, people live in happiness long years in happiness and burning. Sitting for embroidery or behind a weaving machine, a woman sank sincere songs, attracting good and happiness to the house.
Medvedev M, Skusarev A, Voditsy, Azizov with
Students 5, 7, 8, 9 classes become participants in the project. Tasks are distributed to groups. Each group performs various project products, and also searches for information in different art types. The collection of materials was engaged in: Skusarevia Anastasia (9 CL.), Medvedev Maxim (5 cl.), Victor's leaders (8 cl.). In the preparation of products, Anastasia (9 CL), Medvedev Maxim (5 cl.), Azizov Sergey (7 CL), Victor's leaders (8 cl.).
The preparation of the project products took place in literature and visual art lessons. Pedagogues: Character Elena Yurevna - Teacher of Russian Language and Literature and Bilohvost Alla Yuryevna - Teacher of Fine Arts.
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Public general educational institution
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra
"Special Educational School No. 2"
Research project
on literature
"Reflection of images of Slavic mythology
in oral folk creativity
and Russian art of the XIX - XX centuries. "
Participants: Medvedev M., Skushevay A.,
About folklore of the Russian people
"The Russian people created a huge hectic literature: wise proverbs and cunning riddles, funny and sad ritual songs, solemn epics, - told the challenges, under the son of the string, - about the glorious expansion of the heroes, the defenders of the land of the people - heroic, magical, household and swinging fairy tales.
In vain to think that this literature was only the fruit of people's leisure. She was the dignity and mind of the people. She became and strengthened his moral appearance, was his historical memory, his soul festive clothes and filled with a deep content all his measured life, current on customs and rites associated with his labor, nature and admirement of fathers and grandfathers. "
The words A. N. Tolstoy very brightly and accurately reflect the essence of folklore. Folklore is a folk creativity, very necessary and important for studying folk psychology in our day. Folklore includes works that transmit the main most important submission of the people about the main life values: work, family, love, public debt, homeland. We are brought up on these works and now. Knowledge of Folklore can give a person knowledge about the Russian people, and ultimately about oneself
The word folklore is literally translated from English means folk wisdom. Folklore is a poetry created by the people and the popassal masses in which he reflects its career, public and household strengthening, knowledge of life, nature, cults and beliefs. In Folklore, the views, ideals and aspirations of the people are embodied, his poetic fantasy, the richest world of thoughts, feelings, experiences, protest against operation and the oppression, dreams of justice and happiness. This oral, artistic verbal creativity, which arose in the process of forming human speech.
The Russian heroic epic (epics) is a wonderful heritage of the past, testimony of ancient culture and art of the people. It has been preserved in living oral existence, possibly in the original form of the plot content and the main principles of form. The episodas received its name from the words "the word" called. This means that the epics reports that there was indeed indeed, although not all in the wrong. The epics are recorded from the list (often illiterate) who have perceived them according to traditions from previous generations.
The epic - old song, and not everything happens in it, it is told by a leisurely, solemn tone. Many Russian epics talk about the heroic feats of folk heroes. For example, the epics about Volga Buslaevich, the winner of the king Saltan Beketovich; Oh Hero of Sukhman, the winning enemies - nomads; About Dobryne Nikitich. Russian heroes never lie. Ready to die, but do not get away from the native land, they worship the service of Fatherland with their first and holy duty, although they are often offended by the princes do not trust them. Team tolded by the children teach them to respect the work of man and love their homeland. They were united by the genius of the people.
Throughout his life, folklore helps a person to live, work, relax, helps to make decisions, as well as fight enemies, as shown above on the examples.
In terms of its specificity, folklore is the most democratic form of art, and under any circumstances - the world of Lee on Earth or War, happiness or grief, the folklore remains stable, and also active.
1 page "Museum of Radic Creativity"
2 page "Treasures of folk art"
3 page "Right fairy tales"
4 Page "Music - Soul of the People"
Teacher's introductory word.
Our oral journal is dedicated to the art of the Russian people. The soul of each people is manifested in a lyrical song, a perky chastushka, a witty proverb. Mastery and talent of the people in each craft coming out of skillful hands.
The first page of the magazine is devoted to various crafts. Now we will get into the amazing Museum of Narinal Creativity. In the audies of this museum we will behave a guide - a student of our class.
Speech of student-guides.
Dear guests! Today I invite you to the Museum of Folk Creativity, where we will tell a lot of interesting things about the culture of the Russian people.
The first hall presents an exhibition of applied art products. At all times, people tried to decorate their life.
Here is a miracle of miracles - Khokhloma painting. Khokhloma is an old village, it was among the dense forests. As early as Ivan, Grozny knew about Khokhloy. Since the most ancient times, people have enjoyed wooden dishes: buckets and stars, bowls and spoons. But it is uncomfortable to use unpainted dishes: the tree absorbed the liquid, quickly contaminated. And then decided to paint the dishes. Wood products were covered with liquid clay, dried, smeared with flaxseed oil, sprinkled with tin powder and only then put paints. Through the paints were a tin powder, and it seemed that the thing was this golden. Hence the name "Golden Khokhloma".
In every peasant house you could see bristian objects of life: baskets, caskets, taues, in which stored barbell, flour and water. Beresta has a bactericidal property, so it is very helpful to keep food and water in such a dishes. Yes, and the lapties from Berestov wear useful. All barking products decorated with carvings and drawings. Basically portrayed flowers and birds. Since ancient times, bird has a symbol of happiness and health. There is such a legend:
"One peasant has a hard sense. Son. No one knew that this is the disease. No one could help the boy. The boy asked the Father all the time: "Batyushka, I so want to come for the summer and flew birds!". Father from despair did not know what to do, sitting and planing sticks. And suddenly he folded the bird from the pinch and hung her over the bed of a dying son. The boy woke up and shouted: "Battyushka! Birds flew. " And from that moment on, the boy began to go. Since then, people have become believing that the bird brings health and happiness, and that in every house you need to have birds. "
In everyday life in Russia used ceramics.So in the village of Gzhel made ceramic dishes. In the nineteenth century began to produce porcelain. All products of Gzheli are painted with blue and blue paints. Sometimes added gold paints. It turned out very beautiful, elegant.
And what beautiful and different toys Did you do in Russia! They were sculpting from clay, cut out of wood. In each area, clay toys had their own special look. Orlovskiy and Tula did from white clay, Gorodetsky and Dymkovsky - from Red. They represented an amazing world of fankxic animals, elegantly smashed ladies and cavaliers, fabulous warriors and pets.
Wooden toys cut out of birch and linden. Lipa is the most beautiful and soft tree. Mngie toys could be moved. Masters often worked for whole families. Nowadays, production has become decorative art.
Palehov miniature also applies to decorative art. This is the finest painting on the lacquer-mache lacquer products: boxes, boxes, decorations. Palee is an old village in the center of Russia, where masters of the icon paints lived from the XIV century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Palehov miniature began to produce there. In 1925, Phane products received the Grand Prix at the exhibition in Paris and won world fame. Themes of Palehov's works are varied: Russian songs, epics, fairy tales.
Favorite all kinds of folk art - fairy tales, proverbs, sayings. "Even those who are in a stroller, grandmothers love to tell the fairy tales," they say, emphasizing that this type of creativity is available to any age.
We go to the second page of our magazine. Will introduce us to her students of our class.
Folk songs. Fairy tales, riddles and sayings know and love both adults and children. They laid folk wisdom, knowledge, relations to one or another events occurring in nature and between people. We meet with them at every step and very often apply in conversation. Russian language is especially rich in proverbs and sayings.
Proverb - This is an expression that is very reasonable notes any phenomenon in life, for example:
Seven Fridays in the week.
Put your teeth on the shelf.
Proverb - It is a saying that carries a generalizing and necessarily instructive meaning, for example:
What goes around comes around.
Love to ride, love and sosochos to carry.
We do not know the names of the distant ancestors who have developed riddles, wise sayings, living many centuries and reached the present day. But we know the names of people - collectors of works of oral folk art.
One of these collectors of proverbs and sayings is Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, whose portrait you see on the screen. He traveled a lot around the country and recorded folk words, proverbs, sayings, booms, patters. Their great set.
Some of them talk about labor and laziness, about teaching, adjacent, friendship, for example:
learning is light and ignorance is darkness;
friend is known in trouble;
patience and work will achieve everything.
And you guys what the proverbs know?
It seems there is no such part of the life of people, about which there would be no proverbs or sayings.
And what is riddle? The riddle is a description in other words of some phenomenon or subject. The rational is based on the intelligence of guessing.
Let's guys, let's make riddles that you know.
Previously, the riddles were mandatory for various rites. For example, during the wedding, the bridegroom necessarily asked riddles. Thus, he was checked how smart he could find a way out of a difficult situation. After all, he needs to become the head of the family.
Now no one can say when they started singing epicsand tell fairy tales.At all times, the people accustomed amazing fairy tales, legends, songs, epics. They switched from grandfathers to the fathers, from fathers to children. It is called oral folk creativity.
Oral folk creativity is the language of the people, his observation, his mind.
Guys, name what Russian folk tales you know.
Great Russian writer A.S. Pushkin was raised by the folk fairy tales since childhood, who told him nanny Arina Rodionovna. When he began to compose his fairy tales, then many plots borrowed from them. Subsequently, he wrote: "What is the beauty of these fairy tales! Each is a poem! "
Folk fairy tales are always witty and fair. Evil and triumph are punished in them. The fairy tale raises people.
Many statements of the heroes of fairy tales became proverbs and sayings. Remember: "Bitted Nebitant lucky", "I left my grandmother, I left my grandfather ..", "you have roots, and I have a top", "Bear Kosolapiy on foot came" and many others.
Let's check how you know folk fairy tales. /Quiz/
My ears, ears! What did you do?
- We all listened.
- And you, the legs, what did you do?
- We all fled.
- And you, the tail?
- And I all interfered with you to run.
- A, you interfered! So I ask you! / Chanterelle with a rill /
Ka-ka-re-ku! I go on the heels
Carry a braid on the shoulders,
I want a fox session ... / Fox and hare /
Do you warm your maiden?
Are you warm, red? / Morozko /
Krasno Girl! Wlipe to me in the eye, and to another get out - everything will be worked out. / Trochka-Havroshchka /
Do not fuss Ivan-Tsarevich! Little Sleep-to-staying, Morning Evening Wisely! / Vasilisa Wheave /
Ah, my brother, Ivanushka,
Heavy stone pulls
Shelkov grass legs confused,
Yellow sands on the chest lay down! / Sister Alyonushka and Brother Ivanushka /
Fairy tales feed on the imagination of many artists. The next page of our magazine is devoted to the work of the great artist Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov.
We will tell us about the student of our class.
Ancient art that has long been known to man is painting. Unlike the writer, the artist can tell the plot of the works so detail.
The author of the picture speaks with us not with words, but with the help of a brush. Instead of a word, he has a color, instead of proposals - all sorts of shades of paints. As in fairy tales, various characters live in the picture: a horse with two heads, mermaids, unprecedented flowers and trees. Rich Russian Land Talented by artists: Repin, Surikov, Shishkin, Levitan, Queenji, Vrubel / Portraits or Reproductions of Patterns /.
Among the artists who "revived fairy tales" most famous for us Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov / Portrait and reproduction of paintings /. With him to Russian painting entered the world of Russian fairy tales. In the arts of the artist, we see and the resourceful and bold Ivan-Tsarevich, sad princess, Nedmeyan, courageous and good heroes. From childhood Vasnetsov loved folk tales, becoming an artist, wrote many paintings on fabulous plots, among them: "carpet-plane", "Ivan-Tsarevich on a gray wolf", "Vityaz on the crossroads", "three heroes" and others.
I love the picture "Alenushka" and I want to tell about her.
The picture is written on the plot of the famous Russian folk fairy tale "Sister Alynushka and Brother Ivanushka". Attention attracts the image of a girl, Alyonushka sits on a stone on the edge of the forest, on the shore of a deep pond. All her appearance expresses sadness: what kind of sad look is.
Alenushka is a fabulous character, but in the picture she seems to us with a simple peasant girl who thought about her difficult life. Here, as it would be intertwined and a fairy tale.
See how the nature of the girl's sorrow is "salserious". It is written in dark dusk paints, creating the impression of a dense autumn forest. Birches lowered her branches to the water itself and, as it were, trying to help Alyonushka, pull the brother out of the pond. There is no sunny ray on the picture, gray and dreary sky. And nevertheless, the picture is written brightly and juicy.
The whole picture is permeated with spiritual warmth, a sense of compassion. The picture is written with great love, like all the works of a talented artist. All the wonderful canvas Vasnetsov will be pleased with the same generation of people.
Teacher:
We turned another page of the magazine, go to the next - musical.
With her, the next student will introduce us.
Speech of the student:
I will tell about Russian folk songs. Many folk songs were composed at that distant time when no one studied music. Songs composed self-taught - fans of singing and playing folk musical instruments.
The songs most often composed in the villages. People sang that they were worried that they were expensive. These were dance, wedding, labor, soldiers' songs. In the lessons of music we listened and studied a lot of folk songs.
Let's listen to a few songs performed by the guys of our class.
None of the holiday did without dances, perky dancing. They are removed and funny, there are smooth and dance.
Look a dance dance "in the field of Bereza stood" performed by our students.
Teacher:
And so we turned the last page of our oral journal. If your heart was not indifferent, there was no boredom if you found out and saw something new, they showed interest in folk creativity, then we fulfilled our task.
In memory of our meeting, let us give our guests the souvenirs made by the hands of the guys.
Thanks to everyone! To new meetings!
Unnexted oral folk creativity. It was created for centuries, there are many types of its varieties. Translated from the English language "Folklore" is "matopic value, wisdom." That is, the oral folk creativity is everything that is created by the spiritual culture of the population for the century of his historic life.
Features of Russian folklore
If you carefully read the works of Russian folklore, it can be noted that it actually reflects a lot: and the game of fantasies of the people, and the history of the country, and laughter, and serious Duma about the human life. Listening to the songs and fairy tales of the ancestors, people thought about the many difficult questions of their family, social and labor life, reflected how to fight for happiness, improve their lives, which should be a person to make fun and porous.
Varieties of folklore
Varieties of folklore include fairy tales, epics, songs, proverbs, riddles, calendar chorus, the grade, sayings - everything that was repeated, passed from generation to generation. At the same time, the performers made often in the favorite text of something, changing individual details, images, expressions, imperceptibly improving and honing the work.
Oral folk creativity for the most part exists in the poetic (poems) form, since it was she allowed to memorize and transmit these works from the mouth for centuries.
Songs
The song is a special verbal musical genre. It is a small luriko-narrative or lyrical product, which was created specifically for singing. The types are as follows: lyrical, dance, ritual, historical. They are expressed in folk songs feelings of one person, but at the same time a lot of people. Love experiences, events of public and family life were reflected in them, reflections on severe fate. In folk songs, the so-called submission of parallelism is often used when they are transferred to the nature of the mood of this lyrical hero.
Historical songs are devoted to various famous personalities and events: the conquest of Siberia Yermak, the rebellion of Stepan Razin, the peasant war under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev, the battle of Poltava with the Swedes and others. The narration in historical folk songs about some events is combined with the emotional sound of these works.
Epics
The term "epic" was introduced by I. P. Sakharov in the 19th century. It is an oral folk creativity in the form of a song, heroic, epic character. There were epics in the 9th century, it was an expression of the historical consciousness of the people of our country. Bogatyri - the main characters of this kind of folklore. They embody the people's ideal of courage, strength, patriotism. Examples of the Bogatyurians, whom the works of oral folk art were depicted: Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets, Mikula Selyaninovich, Alyosha Popovich, as well as a merchant Sadko, Giant Svyatogor, Vasily Buslaev and others. Life foundation, while enriched with some fantastic fiction, constitutes the plot of these works. In them, heroes alone overpowers whole hordes of enemies, fighting with monsters, overcome instantly huge distances. It is very interesting this oral folk creativity.
Fairy tales
We need to distinguish from fairy tales. These works of oral folk art are based on invented events. Fairy tales can be magical (in which fantastic forces are involved), as well as household, where people are depicted - soldiers, peasants, kings, workers, princesses and princes - in a daily atmosphere. From other works, this type of folklore is distinguished by an optimistic plot: it always triumphs over evil, and the latter or tolerate defeat, or ridicule.
Legends
We continue to describe genres of oral folk creativity. Legend, unlike a fairy tale, is a popular oral story. The basis of it is an incredible event, a fantastic image, a miracle that is perceived by a listener or a storytellor as reliable. There are legends on the origin of the peoples, countries, seas, the suffering and exploits of fictional or actually existed heroes.
Puzzles
Oral folk creativity is represented by many riddles. They are an allegoric image of a certain object, usually based on a metaphorical convergence with it. The riddles in volume are very small, have a certain rhythmic structure, often underlined by the presence of rhymes. They are created in order to develop intelligence, guess. Riddles are diverse in content and subject. There may be several of their options about the same phenomenon, an animal, subject, each of which from a certain side characterizes it.
Proverbs and sayings
Genres of oral folk creativity also include sayings and proverbs. The proverb is rhythmically organized, brief, figurative saying, aphoristic folk statement. It usually has a two-part structure, which is supported by rhythm, rhythm, alliterations and associations.
The saying is a figurative expression that evaluates some phenomenon of life. She, unlike the proverb, is not a whole proposal, but only a part of the statement, which is in oral folk creativity.
Proverbs, sayings and riddles are included in the so-called small genres of folklore. What is it? In addition to the above species, it includes other oral folk creativity. Types of small genres are complemented by the following: Lullabous songs, Pestushki, Pestes, Supports, Game chorus, shallows, sentences, riddles. Let's stop a little more on each of them.
Lullabous songs
Small genres of oral folk creativity include lullaby songs. In the people they are called bikes. The name did this happen from the verb "Bat" ("Bailat") - "talk". This word has the following ancient value: "Tap, whisper". Lullaby songs got this name is no coincidence: the oldest of them have a direct relation to the conspiracy poetry. Fighting with a dream, for example, the peasants said: "Dundushka, get away from me."
Pottushki and fun
Russian oral folk creativity also represent the pests and functions. In their center there is an image of the younger child. The name "Pestus" comes from the word "to dream", that is, "go for someone, raise, nursing, wearing in your hands to raise." They are short sentences that in the first months of the baby's life comment on his movements.
You are unnoticed by the Pests go to the fun - the songs accompanying the Games of the baby with the fingers of the legs and the handles. It is very diverse this oral folk creativity. Examples of drills: "Forty", "Ladushka". They often have a "lesson", instruction. For example, in the "forty" Beloboka all fed a porridge, except for one lazy, albeit the smallest (it corresponds to the little finger).
Supports
In the first years of the life of children, nanny and mother sang songs already more complex content that are not related to the game. All of them can be denoted by a single term "add-on". By content they resemble small fairy tales in verse. For example, about the rooster - a gold scallop, flying on a Kulikovo field for oats; About chicken in a row, which "peas of Lesales" and "millet sowed".
In addition, as a rule, a picture of some bright event is given, or it depicts some rapid effect that corresponds to the active nature of the kid. They are noticeable to the plot, but the child for long-term attention is not capable, so they are limited to only one episode.
Sentences, Slashki
We continue to consider oral folk creativity. Its species are complemented by shafts and sentences. Children on the street are very early to study in the peers in various shallows, which are an appeal to birds, rain, rainbow, the sun. Datvora at the case shouting the name of the word in the case. In addition to the chain, in the peasant family, any child knew sentences. They are most often pronounced one by one. Sentences - appeal to the mouse, small bugs, snail. It may be imitued with various bird voices. The verbal sentences and songs are filled with faith in the strength of water, sky, land (then beneficial, then destructive). Their pronunciation acquired to work and the lives of adult peasant children. Sentences and shakes are combined into a special department called "Calendar Children's Folklore". The term emphasizes the existing link between them and the time of the year, the holiday, weather, all the life and building of the village's life.
Game sentences and chorus
Genres of works of oral folk creativity include gaming sentences and chorus. They are no less than ancient than shafts and sentences. They or associate parts of some game, or begin it. They can also perform the role of the ending, determine the consequences that exist when violating conditions.
Amazed games similarity with serious peasant activities: harvest, hunting, sowing flax. Reproduction of these cases in a strict sequence with the help of multiple repetitions made it possible to instill with the child from an early age respect for customs and existing order, teach the rules adopted in society. Game names - "Bear Bor", "Wolf and Geese", "Korshun", "Wolf and Sheep" - talk about communication with life and life of the rural population.
Conclusion
In folk epics, fairy tales, legends, the songs live no less exciting colorful images than in the artworks of classical authors. A peculiar and surprisingly accurate rhymes and sounds, bizarre, beautiful poetic rhythms - as if lace woven in texts of chastushki, flows, booms, riddles. And what bright poetic comparisons we can find in lyrical songs! All this could create only the people - the Great Wizard of the Word.