Triumphal Arch. Triumphal gate of the capital

14.05.2019

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Chyu, it is necessary to store the well-known, otherwise I darred everyone to half understanding the garbagers around my house. So, for the gage I decided to get sidewged over Kutuzovsky Avenue, why not? In general, Kutuzov such a nonposted field, which can be painted here for years, so I decided to touch the triumphal arch and the adjacent surroundings. For starters, I'll still figure out with the arch ...

The arrow indicates the actual arch.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe structure in Moscow of the Triumphal Gate as a victory monument belongs to the emperor Nicholas I. In April 1826, during coronation celebrations in Moscow, he made a desire to build a triumphal gate in the first-heart capital, similar to those who were built at the time in St. Petersburg: Architect V. P. Stasov resumed in a new place in the Narva Opportion in durable materials, a wooden triumphal arch J. Quince, built in 1814 in the Peterhof road.

The design of the project instructed the largest Russian architect to Osip Ivanovich Bow. He developed a project in the same year, but the decision on the new layout of the Parade Square at the main entry to Moscow from St. Petersburg led to the need to rework the project.

The new version that Beauvae worked for almost two years was adopted in April 1829. On August 17 of the same year, a solemn laying of Arches took place. The foundation of the gate lay a bronze mortgage plate and a handful of silver rubles of chasing 1829 - "For Happiness".

However, due to lack of money and indifference from the city authorities, construction stretched for five years. The opening of the monument took place only on September 20 (October 2) of 1834.
The sculptural decor of the Arch is made by sculptors Ivan Petrovich Vitaly and Ivan Timofeev, who worked in the drawings of Osipa Beve. The gates decorated Russian knights - allegorical images of victory, fame and courage. The walls of the arch were lined with a white stone from the village of Tatarov's village near Moscow, columns and sculptures were cast from cast iron.

The inscription on the attic argued Nikolai I. She said: "Alexander I's blessed memory, erected from the ashes and decisive with many monuments of the deception of the Peppermillers of this, during the invasion of galls and with them twenties, 1826. On the one hand, the arch was made in Russian, and on the other - on Latin.

In 1899, the first electric tram in Moscow was held under the arch of the triumphant gate. His line stretches from passionate area (now Pushkin Square) to Petrovsky Park. Conductor tram declared: "Tver wrap. Triumphal gate. Aleksandrovsky railway station. "
In 1936, according to the concept of the General Plan of 1935, under the leadership of A. V. Schusev, a project for the reconstruction of the area was developed. The arch was disassembled, some sculptures were transferred to the architecture museum on the territory of the former Don Monastery. After the completion of the reconstruction of the area, it was planned to restore the arch on the Square of the Belarusian station, but it was not done.

After the war, in honor of the 150th anniversary of the victory in the war of 1812 near the Poklonnaya Mountain, with Koya for the legend, Moscow, waiting for the keys from her, Napoleon was built by the Borodino panorama. And it was decided to transfer and restore the triumphal arch soon.

Yes, I must say that in those days it was for Districtcheg. Now arriving and do not realize that here, in a semi-kilometer from almost the central, now TTK half a century with a little back was, in fact, the village. The prestigious area of \u200b\u200bthe Kutzovsky Avenue (however, then it was kojoy Mozhayskoye Highway - Kutuzovsky will become only in 1962) was the place of walking cows of the surrounding collective farmers and all that.

Here, in fact, the Mozhayskoye highway in 1959 in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Outlines.

At home 2 to 2 of this Moscow, in fact, ended. You can make sure:

See - The sign of entry behind a landsanque collecting flowers on the side of the country tract? That's something.

Yes, of course, from the very end of the 40s, the construction of pompous quarters, which were now the face of Kutuzov and apotheraposis "Stalinist style", who expressed themselves in the "Late NKVD style" of the pleasing and now we are here or in Leninsky, but the construction went wrong with Shah Nakko, As can be seen on the previous photo - at home 2 (left) there is no whole wing, and at home 1 "a" and "b" toolo are built.

"Others" was still intact, according to her high slopes, hanging over Mozhaisk Highway and Moscow-River in the bushes hid biblot caps and the trenches remaining since 1941 ...

Thined the corner of the house 2 in Kutuzovsky. The beginning of the 60s.

Okay, leave until the unfortunate mountain and continue about the arch. In general, in 1968 decided to restore it in a new place.

Here at the photo of 1967, made from Yermolov Street on the left in the direction of the Avenue of the prospectus around the construction began:

Here is another photo of construction:

June 1967.

Brick vaulted overlaps Arches were replaced with reinforced concrete structures. The work on casting in the metal was produced in the Mytishchinsky factory for more than 150 models; For details of the only preserved column at the station "Stankolit" cast 12 cast-iron columns (height - 12 meters, weight - 16 tons).

During the reconstruction, the inscription on the attic was changed. The text was taken from the monument to the bronze mortgage board at the base: "These triumphal gates are laid as a sign of memories of the celebration of Russian warriors in 1814 and the renewal of magnificent monuments and buildings of the first-hearth country of Moscow, destroyed in 1812 by the invasion of Galov and with them of the two-month languages."

Horses were dragged from the Museum of Architecture, restored and set.

Here is a photo of 1972, about the same place as the previous one, from the opening of the arch:

Fotachka at different times:

1968.

1970-72.

Wooden triumphal gates in the Tverskaya Forep were constructed in 1814 to a solemn meeting of the Russian army, returning from Europe after the victory over Napoleon. In 1829-1834, new triumphal gates were built instead - a 28-meter single-pier "Roman" arch of a brick with a white-eyed facing, 12 columns, statues of Russian wars and "chariot of glory" from cast iron upstairs. The sculptural decor of the Arch is made by sculptors Ivan Petrovich Vitaly and Ivan Timofeev, who worked in the drawings of Osipa Beve. The gates are decorated with Russian Vityazi - allegorical images of victory, fame and courage. At some distance from the front entrance arch, on both sides from B. Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street, 2 Kordegardia (guard premises) were built, and the territory around was redeveloped and landscaped around.

Nicholas I personally approved the inscription on the triumphal arch: "Alexander I's blessed memory, erected from the ashes and is decorated with many monuments of the deception of the Peppermill, during the invasion of Galov and with them twenties, 1826.

Vladimir Gilyarovsky wrote in the book "Moscow and Muscovites" about the triumphant gate: "They said that all over Moscow and there are only two sober kouchera - one here, the other - on the front of the Bolshoi Theater. Only it was not a" coachcher ", but" Baba with Kalach, "local definition."

In 1966-1968, the Triumphal Arch was recreated at the present location - on the Victory Square along the axis of the Kutuzovsky Avenue, at the Poklonnaya Mountain. For construction used reinforced concrete; The white graveling cladding was replaced by granite, the walls are lined with the blocks of Crimean limestone. All missing sculptural details, as well as 12-meter columns were again cast from the cast iron according to the sample of the remaining column. When reconstructed, the arches proportions were somewhat violated.

Part of the authentic elements of the arches can be seen now in the courtyard of the Museum of Architecture. They are in the corner in the corner.

In the current arrangement of the Arc Triomphe there is a small incident: if initially the arch symbolically met the Russian army liberator, solemnly part of Moscow through the Tverskaya Zavverowa, now it stands at the site of entering the city of Napoleon's army.

Online "Photos of old Moscow" You will find a lot of interesting photos. If you have interesting pictures of Moscow, send them to me, or add through special shape on the site. . Also, I will be very grateful if you post information about this project in your journal.

And yes, a special account will be issued to everyone))).

It is believed that the ancient tradition brought to Russia Peter I: in 1696, he built a triumphal gate in honor of the take of Azov, and in 1709 he put seven arches at once in honor of the celebration of victory under Poltava. All of them, although skillfully decorated with painting, statues and allegorical figures, were temporary, mostly wooden. Editorial LJ Media

The triumphal gate on the Victory Square is one of the most recognizable attractions of the capital. And even this reminder of the important page of the Russian history - the Patriotic War of 1812. And a little left old-timers left, who saw a majestic building at all elsewhere ...

Triumphal arch on Kutuzovsky Prospect.

Triumphal Gate on Tver Shipping

In the summer of 1814, a wooden triumphal arch appeared on the Tver Apartment Square - she honored the Russian army, which was returned from Europe after the defeat of Napoleon. The place was chosen in no coincidence: usually here, at the entrance to the city, Moscow city universities, nobles and honorary citizens met the emperor arriving from the northern capital. This road later became known as Petersburg (now Leningrad) highway - it was opened in 1822.

The Arch itself was also fulfilled in the best traditions - a lot of such structures were built on the path of Russian warriors.

In 1826, Nicholas I decided that the memory of the victory deserves something more durable and commanded to replace the wooden gate by stone. Create them instructed the famous architect Osip Beauva. Construction began in three years, but ended after five: according to one information, there was not enough funds in the treasury - the city continued to revive after the grandiose fire of the 1812, according to others, the business of Moscow officials who for some reason did not believe the project.

In September 1834, the solemn opening of the monument was finally held. Alas, the author did not live a few months before that moment, and his younger brother Mikhail Beve was completed. The construction at the junction of architecture and sculptures was truly majestic: six pairs of columns framed high supplies with powerful antique warriors in isothechic helmets and lamellar armor. On the decorated frieze, the coat of arms of 36 of the Russian provinces were placed, whose inhabitants participated in the Patriotic War of 1812, and medallions with Monogram Nikolai I. Wallen Arch Chariot of Glory, standing in which the rules of the horses of Horses Nick - the winged goddess of Victory. The fronton on both sides was decorated with an inscription (addressed inside the city - in Russian, outward - on Latin), glorifying Alexander I as the Savior of the Fatherland.

Square of new triumphant gates.

Restless fate of the monument

In 1872, at the gate, a line of kondi from the Tver appendix to the Resurrection Square (now the Revolution Square is now). In 1899, it was replaced by the first electric tram in the city, launched from passionate area (now Pushkinskaya) to Petrovsky Park. Intensive movement could not not affect the state of the monument, and by the century anniversary of the Borodino battle of the gate experienced the first restoration - while cosmetic. The next repairs took place already under Soviet power, in the mid-1920s.

In the 1936th, Tverskaya Zavava began to redo in accordance with the general plan for the reconstruction of Moscow, taken a year earlier. The triumphal gate disassembled, planning later to return to the previous place after a thorough restoration. When dismantling specialists of the Museum of Architecture named after A.V. Schuseva measured the parameters of the structure were detailed drawings of the tiers and photographed the arch from all sides. Most elements have cleaned and updated, and then sent for storage at the museum branch in the Don Monastery. They were pretty organically fit into the overall composition: the figures of the warriors lined up along the central alley, the burners were placed on the wall niches, and the chariot of glory was installed on a special pedestal.

The recovery of the gate was postponed not an indefinite period - he was pushed off the Great Patriotic War, after which the capital, like the whole country, in fact, was rejected again. Elements in the Don Monastery were patiently waiting for their o'clock. Much less was lucky, for example, cast-iron columns: they were lying on the Mius Square for several years, and then they were overpaid for military needs - only one of the twelve was preserved. It seemed that the monument was destined to oblivion as one of the many "remnants of the past" ...

Arches and gates: a look in history

The triumphal gate came to us from the depths of the centuries: classic samples - the arches of the emperors of title, septimia of the North and Constantine in ancient Rome. They served as a benchmark for the construction of triumphal arches in Paris under Napoleon, and the gate on the Tverskaya Zoist, as well as the Narva Gate in St. Petersburg (also open in 1834), became a kind of "symmetric response" of Russia.

The first capital construction in this series was the red gates, built in 1753 with Elizabeth Petrovna on the spot of a wooden arch. They were trying to demolish in the middle of the XIX century, and in 1927 destroyed to expand the Garden Ring. The name of the monument has been preserved in toponym area, and in 1935 the metro station has been opened here.

View of the red gate from the span.

However, there are triumph arches and another "relative", which is not necessarily associated with victories, but denotes the central, the main entrance to the city and most often talks about its metropolitan status - it's about the golden gate. In Russia, they first appeared in Kiev under Yaroslav Mudrome (XI century); They were created according to the model of the Byzantine Arch of Emperor Constantine. Later, the Golden Gate was erected in other cities to show their greatness, for example in Vladimir (XII century).

Another analogue of the triumphant arches is the royal gates in Christian churches. They also inherit an antique tradition: in ancient Rome for any gate and the doors, two-limit Yanus was answered - a deity that looks at the same time and backward, to the future and the past, and connects different worlds. It was in his honor a month who begins a year called January. In the temple, the royal gates symbolize the transition from the village of the earth to the History of Heaven, in other words - entrance to paradise. In addition, according to some studies, in the era of classicism (the end of the XVIII - the beginning of the XIX century), iconostasis in the form of triumphant arches spread.

In general, the Soviet authorities had foundations skeptically refer to the bright symbol of imperial greatness, which was indirectly connected with religion.

Recreation of the triumphal gate: new place, new meaning

The victory in the Great Patriotic War made it possible to revise the ideological positions. In May 1947, a wide carved arch with traditional Russian patterns increased in Pushkin Square; In the evenings it was covered with multicolored lights. It was not just an entrance to the first post-warmer Fair "Spring Bazaar", and the symbolic transition from the time of hunger and destroyed to the era of abundance and prosperity.

Festively decorated entrance to the fair in the year of the 800th anniversary of Moscow.

In the early 1950s, large-scale, truly, the triumphal gate appeared at the main entrance of the Central Park of Culture and Rest named after Gorky and VDNH, which was then the main platform for mass folk festivities.

And in 1965, the Council of Ministers of the USSR finally recognized the greatest artistic value and socio-historical importance of the triumphal gate and ordered to restore them. But in the area of \u200b\u200bthe square of the Belorussian station, they no longer fit out, and they found a new suitable place - on Kutuzovsky Avenue, opposite the Panorama "Borodino battle".

Strictly speaking, the construction was not restored, but recreated: 30 years after dismantling, many details were lost or dismissed. Apparently, therefore restorers decided not to touch the reliefs and statues preserved in the territory of the Don Monastery. Using drawings and photographs of 1936, as well as the author's copy of the arch, which was kept in the museum of architecture, all the elements were re-made. For example, cast-iron columns manufactured at the plant "Stankolit", and sculptures, coat of arms and burners - on the Mytischinsky artistic casting plant.

Not without transformations: the basis of the structure has become reinforced concrete, and not brick, as in the original; Instead of white facing stone, granite and gray Crimean limestone were used. And the inscriptions on memorable boards changed: the mention of Alexandra I was removed, but the lines were quoted from the appeal of Kutuzov to the army. This is a clearly key point - the Savior of the Fatherland recognized the people, not the emperor. In addition, the triumphal gate was no longer traveling: they were installed on the island in the middle of the avenue, having grown a small hill with the earth, and on both sides of the highway staged underground pedestrian crossings.

The solemn discovery was timed, as it should be, to the revolutionary holiday: the ceremony took place on November 6, 1968. And in eight years, to the 30th anniversary of the end of the Great Patriotic War, the territory around the triumphal gate was called the Victory Square. The Military Memorial Complex and the Victory Park, which increased subsequently on Poklonnaya Mount, helped the recreated monument, dividing heavy dual load with him.

Arches of the New Century: Restoration and Reconstruction

Time flies quickly and does not even gent the stone and cast iron. At the beginning of the XXI century, experts noted that the triumphal goal was needed restoration, and they were held in 2012, to the 200th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812. Related not only the arch itself, but also the territory around it: the polls broke new flower beds, and the engineers redid the system of artistic illumination. The updated monument was one of the Gifts to Muscovites for the Day of the City.

For the work on updating the monument to the jury of the contest "Moscow Restoration" awarded several awards at once. The awards were awarded immediately in seven nominations, including for the best project and for the high quality of the work performed.

In addition, at the 18th international exhibition on the restoration, the protection of monuments and updating the cities held under the UNESCO patronage in Germany, the award was the reward of the Government of Moscow, where first of all presented the restoration of the Triumphal Arch.

Moscow Triumphal Gate - Triumphal Arch in Moscow, built in honor of the victory of the Russian people in the Patriotic War of 1812. As a rule, Muscovites do not use the full name of the monument and call it just a triumphant arch.

Triumphal Arch - Restored Monument: Initially, it was erected in 1829-1834 for the project Osip Bowe On the Square Tverskaya Zavna, then disassembled in 1936 during the reconstruction of the area and was again built in 1966-1968 on Kutuzovsky Prospect near Poklonnaya Mountain.

Arc Triumphal Arch

In 1814, when Russian and allied troops entered Paris, and the world was achieved, Russian cities began to prepare for the meeting of the troops returned from France. In the way of their following, the cities were built by a triumphal gate, and Moscow did not exception: near the Tver Ockowa, where the emperor was traditionally met with the honors, they began to build a temporary triumphal arch of wood.

In 1826, Emperor Nicholas I ordered to build a triumphal gate in Moscow as a monument to the victory of Russian weapons, similar to the Narva Triumphal Gate, which were built at the time in St. Petersburg. The development of the project was instructed to prominent Russian architect Osip bow; The master developed it in the same year, but the need to redevelop the area slowed down the process, and the project demanded changes.

The triumphal gate for the new Bove project was built in 1829-1834, laying in the base of the bronze mortgage slab and the handful of silver rubles "for happiness" - which, by the way, did not help: the construction was delayed for 5 years due to lack of funds. Sculptural design Arches performed sculptors Ivan Vitaly and Ivan Timofeev, Worked in Bove drawing. Columns and sculptures were cast from the cast iron, and the gate themselves elevated from the White Stone from the village of Tartarovo ("Tartar Marble") and a stone from a disassembled samotane channel.

At the Attika, the gate was applied (in Russian and Latin, from different sides):

In 1899, the first electric tram line was held right under the arch, and in 1912 and in the 1920s they even cleaned and restored.

Unfortunately, in 1936, in accordance with the general plan of the reconstruction of Moscow, the gate was disassembled for the reconstruction of the area. Initially, they were planned to restore near the previous place, so when dismantling were careful, and they kept some sculptural and architectural elements, but as a result, it was not to restore the gate.

Triumphal Arch on Kutuzov Prospect

In the 1960s, given the artistic value and historical significance of the gate, it was decided to return to the idea of \u200b\u200btheir recovery, and in 1966-1968, their copy was built near the Kutuzovsky Prospectus near the Poklonnaya Museum and Museum-Panorama of the Borodino battle.

The project was carried out under the leadership of Architect-restorer Vladimir Libson by a group of architects (I. Ruben, Vasilyeva, D. Kulchinsky). During the construction, the drawings and measurements were used when dismantling the gates, as well as the author's structure provided by the architecture museum.

Generally Triumphal Arch In Kutuzovsky Avenue, it is an external copy of the predecessor, but with a number of constructive changes: reinforced concrete in the designs of walls, arches and basement, the white stone was replaced by the Crimean limestone, and Cordhegardia and lattices decided not to restore. The preserved sculptures and details of the design did not use, and everything was cast from cast iron again. In addition, the texts were changed on the Attics - instead of the words about the emperor Alexandra I, lines appeared there from the order of Mikhail Kutuzov to Russian soldiers and excerpt from the inscription on the mortgage board of 1829:

In 2012, the Triumphal Arch was renovated during the preparation for celebrations on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Russia's victory in the Patriotic War of 1812.

The triumphal arch was located in the square, broken between the oncoming strips of the movement of the Kutuzovsky Prospect. In 1975, in honor of the 30th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, this Square became known as the Victory Square.

To date Triumphal Arch I became one of the recognizable symbols of Moscow: the types of the monument decorate the popular postcards and calendars, the arch is depicted in the paintings of artists and produce a large number of souvenir products with its way.

You can get to the triumphant archway from the metro station "Park Victory" Arbatsky-Pokrovskaya line.

Triumphal arch on Kutuzovsky Prospect.
The author I.S. Drills. Moscow. 1984

Triumphal Gate on Tver Shipping

The Arch itself was also fulfilled in the best traditions - a lot of such structures were built on the path of Russian warriors.

Square of new triumphant gates.
The author P.P. Pavlov. Moscow. End of the XIX - the beginning of the twentieth century

Restless fate of the monument

Triumphal gate.
Author unknown. Moscow. Beginning of the 1930s

Arches and gates: a look in history

View of the red gate from the span.
Author N.M. Schap. Moscow. April 20, 1902

In general, the Soviet authorities had foundations skeptically refer to the bright symbol of imperial greatness, which was indirectly connected with religion.

Recreation of the triumphal gate: new place, new meaning

Festively decorated entrance to the fair in the year of the 800th anniversary of Moscow.
Author - M. Chernov. Date of shooting - 1947

Arches of the New Century: Restoration and Reconstruction

Used sources

Kraevsky b.p. Triumphal gate. - M.: Moscow worker, 1984.
Kharitonova E.V. Triumphal gates of the capital // Moscow magazine. - 2012. - № 5 (257). - P. 91-96.
Mikhailov K.P. Moscow, which we lost. - M.: Eksmo, 2010.
Posternak K.V. Foreign borrowings in Russian church interiors of Petrovsky time // Bulletin of PSTU. Series V. Questions of the history and theory of Christian art. - 2015. - Vol. 3 (19). - P. 102-119.