Percent tests program. Tests in the process of software development

Test (from English Test - "Test", "Check") - standardized, short, time-limited tests designed to establish quantitative and high-quality individual differences.

One of the considerations based on the creation of tests - to have a tool for the rapid and relatively accurate estimation of large contingents of the subjects. The requirement of time savings becomes natural in mass processes, which is the formation.

Testing in pedagogy performs three main interconnected functions: diagnostic, training and educational:

• The diagnostic function is to identify the level of knowledge, skills, student skills. This is the main, and the most obvious test function. In objectivity, latitude and speed of diagnostics, testing exceeds all other forms of pedagogical control.
• The training function of testing consists in motivating the student to revitalize work on the assimilation of the educational material. To strengthen the learning test function, additional stimulation measures of students can be used, such as distribution by the teacher of an approximate list of questions for independent training, the presence in the test of leading issues and tips, joint analysis of the test results.
• The educational function is manifested in the frequency and inevitability of test control. This disciplines, organizes and sends the activity of students, helps to identify and eliminate gaps in knowledge, forms the desire to develop their abilities.

Testing is a more fair method, it sets all students in equal conditions, both in the control process and in the assessment process, almost excluding the subjectivism of the teacher.

The actual direction of the modern organization of test control is the individualization of control, leading to significant testing time savings. The main costs for testing fall on the development of high-quality tools, that is, have a one-time character. The costs of testing are significantly lower than in writing or oral control.

MyTest is a program system - student testing program, test editor and results log - to create and conduct computer testing, collection and analysis of results, assessment on the score specified in the test.

The program is easy and convenient to use. All students quickly and easily master it.

To create tests there is a very convenient editor of tests with a friendly interface. Any subject teacher, even owning a computer at the initial level, can easily compile its tests for the MyTest program and use them in the lessons.

If there is a computer network, you can organize a centralized collection and processing of test results using the magazine module. The results of the tasks are output with a student and depart by the teacher. A teacher can estimate or analyze at any time convenient for it.

The program works with seven task types: single selection, multiple choice Establishing the order, conformity, manual typing, manual text entry, selection of space in the image.

Each test has optimal test time, a decrease or excess of which reduces the qualitative test indicators. Therefore, in the test settings, it is planned to limit the execution time of both the test and any response to the task (for different tasks you can set different times).

Test options, tasks, images to tasks - everything is stored in one test file. No databases, no unnecessary files - one test is one file. The file with the dough is encrypted and compressed.

And finally, with the correct selection of the control material, the test content can be used not only for control, but also for learning. The use of test tasks in automated control and training programs allows the subject to independently detect gaps in the structure of their knowledge and take measures to eliminate them. In such cases, we can talk about the significant training potential of test tasks, the use of which will become one of the effective directions of the practical implementation of the principle of unity and the relationship between learning and control. When the learning mode is turned on, the student receives information about its errors and loyal responses.

With the help of programs you can organize both local and network testing. Do as more convenient for you.

More information about the program, as well as the latest version of the program you can find at http://mytest.klyaksa.net - section of the information and educational portal of KlyAKS @NET dedicated to this program. Questions, suggestions, error messages, send your tests by e-mail: [Email Protected] Or ask the forum in the "Computer Testing" section.

All rights to MyTest's program belong to its author. Author of the program: Bashlakov Alexander Sergeevich, Unech, Bryansk region.

MyTest is distributed is free (Freeware.). Any educational institution, teacher and student can use the program based on a license agreement without any cash deductions. For more information on the rights of use and distribution of the program, see the license agreement.

Website program -

Surely any adult person at least several times in his life passed tests. Sometimes testing was entertainment, sometimes I had to answer questions to pass the exam or get a job. Tests are so popular and in demand that there are quite a lot of specialized applications and online services for their creation.

The main, but far from the only category of people who can use the test program to create tests are teachers of educational institutions. A variety of questionnaires are constantly used by practicing psychologists, employees of personnel departments engaged in the selection of candidates for vacancies in the company, and so on. Testing is often necessary and in cases where the organization is inspected by the level of professional training of employees in a particular area. And, of course, the tests are actively used by webmasters, because there is no better way to keep the visitor on your site than to suggest it to find out to which psychotipu it treats, or let him check knowledge in the area where he considers himself an expert.

In our review we will look at four different programs for creating tests and polls.

⇡ Quiz Press 2.5.8 - Simple tests for publishing on the Internet

• Developer: Sol Robots
• Distribution size: 2.7 MB
• Distribution: Shareware.
• Russian Interface: No

With QUIZ Press, teachers can create tests to test students' knowledge. The program makes it possible to generate tests with questions of different types: those in which you need to choose the right answers from the proposed options, where you need to enter the answer yourself, where you need to specify whether the approval is false or true, and others. Moreover, one test may contain questions from different types. When drawing up questions, the teacher has the ability to use multimedia files (graphics, flash, sound). By default, one score is charged for each correct response to the student, but in the test settings you can install a different number of points, depending on the type of question. In addition, there is an opportunity to limit the time that the student can spend on solving tasks, add a reminder of the imminent completion of the allotted time, indicate whether it is necessary to take into account when evaluating the answers punctuation and whether words with a capital letter are written.

When creating tests, you can quickly print a sheet with correct answers. The very test, created using Quiz Press, is presented in the form of a set of files ready for hosting on the website. In addition, you can export the tests obtained to other popular formats.

The results are communicated to the student at the end of the test, and also sent to the teacher in encrypted form to the email address specified in the program settings, or are displayed.

⇡ Wondershare Quizcreator 4.01 - Flash tests and questionnaires

• Developer: Wondershare.
• Distribution size: 11.5 MB
• Distribution: Shareware.
• Russian Interface: No

If you need to create not only tests, but also the usual surveys in which it is not necessary to take into account the correctness of the answers, you can refer to the capabilities of the Wondershare Quizcreator program. With it, you can generate a questionnaire with a variety of types of questions.

Taking part in the study may be responsible for "yes" or "no", choose one or more options for answers from the proposed, position the options for answers in a certain order, to enter a short answer to the desired field, relate images with text inscriptions, picking up a couple for them, and so Further. The same issues of questions are available in the preparation of tests. In addition, tests may include questions that are hidden in the image. This option is convenient to use, for example, when checking knowledge on geography. The teacher can add to the test card and the task of the student will show certain areas on it. You can also create questions for which the student does not offer answer options. In this case, the answer must enter the answer manually, and it will be compared with those options that the teacher indicated when drawing up the test. In Wondershare Quizcreator there is a detailed description of all types of questions, so the program will not get confused in them. Note also that the program has the ability to import a list with questions from Microsoft Excel.

Each question may contain not only text information, but also various multimedia data. Moreover, they can act as part of the question and simply illustrate it. For example, by adding a question from the theory of relativity in the test in physics, you can place on the page of Einstein. The correct answer to each question is estimated at ten points by default. If you wish, you can set a certain number of points for each question. In addition, it is possible to take a certain number of points from the general result with an incorrect answer to the question, as well as set the number of attempts that are given to the student to find the right answer.

After the questions are added, the program proposes to define numerous test parameters. You can specify the author and contact details, add an introductory page with information about the test (it may be not only text, but also graphics, sound, video), determine how the test will respond to user actions in case of correct and incorrect answers, set the percentage of the right Answers, when achieving which the test will be considered passed, to specify which messages the user must receive in case of successful passage or dough fail. In addition, it is possible to configure the transition to a specified web page after the test is completed.

Not forgotten and means to protect. So, to start the test, you may need to specify a password or even account data. In addition, it is possible to allow the launch of the test only from a specific domain, which will protect it from copying when placed on the Internet. By default, the statistics about those who have passed the test is not going, but the author can make an obligatory entry of the name, email addresses and other data. You can also set a time limit for answers to certain questions or for the test as a whole, to allow or prohibit viewing your answers, repeated passage of the test and the transition to the next question when you do not answer the previous one.

Much attention in Wondershare Quizcreator is given to the appearance of the test. The user has the opportunity to choose one of the many designs offered, edit it (change colors and inscriptions, remove items, determine the position of graphic data, etc.), add an audio file that will be played in the background.

The test generated in the program can be saved in different formats, depending on how it is planned to distribute it. For example, you can save it in Word / Excel format to send to print, burn a disc from the autorun menu. However, the most advanced and interesting option, no doubt, is the creation of a Flash version of the test for hosting on the site. When this option is selected, it is possible to specify the email address to which the results will be sent, as well as allow the sending of the results to students.

As for polls, you can use most of the described settings and export capabilities. The exception is those that are relevant only when assessing the level of knowledge (different alerts for the correct and incorrect answers and other), which in the case of polls is insignificant.

Both tests and surveys can be saved on the network on the Quiz Management System service, which is also developing Wondershare. The convenience of this system is that it is possible to distribute tests only among registered users, view the results of completed tasks using a variety of filters, generate reports. And the Quiz Management System supports the import of issues created in Wondershare Quizcreator, and the assembly based on their new tests directly in the web interface.

⇡ Schoolhouse Test 3.1.6 - Assistant for teachers

• Developer: Schoolhouse Technologies
• Distribution size: 16.5 MB
• Distribution: Shareware.
• Russian Interface: No

Unlike previous programs, Schoolhouse test is oriented, first of all, teachers of educational institutions. The purpose of the program is to simplify work with the database of questions, as well as maximize the process of creating tests and verify the results. In this case, no possibilities for creating online tasks are provided - the program allows you to print the results of the work, as well as export tests in PDF.

Working with Schoolhouse Test begins with the formation of a base of questions. By adding questions, the teacher may indicate the knowledge area, as well as the level of student training and the number of points that will receive for the correct answer.

Questions may be accompanied by graphic files, and besides this, you can attach a picture to any of the answer options. Schoolhouse Test supports a variety of answers, among which is so unusual as drawing a student chart. It is also possible to create tests in which the student needs to insert the missed word. To create questions of this type, you need to enter the phrase entirely, then click on the word, in the place of which the skip must be in the task. Schoolhouse Test has flexible means to manage all questions. For example, when creating tasks with several replies options, each of them can be temporarily turned off or excluded from stirring randomly.

When the question database is created, the teacher can quickly specify which of them need to be included in the test, as well as create several different test options with a given number of questions in each.

Schoolhouse Test has three data presentation modes. In the first - Design View - work with the basic questions. Here the teacher can select the questions for the test, set their order, add accompanying graphic files, make other edits into the content content. In Document View mode, you can see how the print test will look like, change its design, footers, page print settings. For the convenience of the teacher in this mode, the ability to display correct answers is available. Thus, you can quickly view the pages with tasks and check if the error did not take.

When you go to the third data presentation mode - Answer View - the program generates a list of responses. It is convenient to use it to quickly check tests, as well as to save paper. When using it, it is assumed that students will receive questions separately and will fill out a sheet with questions, but their own sheet of answers.

⇡ ADIT TESTDESK 2.4 - full range of testing solutions

• Developer: Adit Software
• Distribution size: 41 MB
• Distribution: Shareware (there are several editions)
• Russian interface: yes

Adit TestDesk is a universal means for creating tests of the most different orientation. The peculiarity of this solution is that with the help of the utility you can not only generate tests, but also to organize testing. ADIT TestDesk includes several utilities: Editor test editor, means for creating complex scripted tests using the Scriptmaker programming language, the Reporter program to evaluate the results and their exports to the XML format, as well as a client to pass Tester tests. When using the network edition of the program, the TestServer utility is also available, with which you can organize testing on a local network or via the Internet. It is also possible to prepare a printed version of any test using a built-in text editor.

ADIT TestDesk offers several basic types of projects that differ in the estimation method. The type of "with the right responses" is suitable for creating tests in which you need to evaluate students' knowledge or employees. The type "psychological" provides for the possibility of installing a certain number of points for each of the options of answers. To compile a more complex assessment algorithm, you can use the type "script", and the option "Poll" is suitable in cases where the correctness of the answers does not matter and it is important to know the opinion of the respondents.

The program supports simply an incredible number of types of questions, many of which are not available in other applications. For example, you can create issues where a person who passes the test must put a point, build a graph, enter the time or date, compare the number to each statement, choose "hot" zones on the image, draw a circle, rectangle, cut or line etc.

By making questions, you can not just specify the correct answer or several answer options, but also to set special conditions to assess its correctness. To each question, you can attach a graphic, audio or video file, as well as create an educational example presented in the form of a tree of small texts.

Each project created in the program contains not only a list of questions, but also topics and profiles. Themes are used for a more convenient organization of questions: each question can be attributed to a certain topic, after which they are becoming much easier to search. In addition, if time limits is used to pass the test, you can separately set limits for questions related to different topics.

Profiles are a very convenient means of controlling a large base of questions. Thanks to profiles, you can create similar tests with different design and with different settings, as well as with different issues. This can be useful, for example, if the teacher creates several options for the same test for a group of students. Test design can be flexibly controlled using the "Text Designer" module. With it, you can change the color of the background, fonts, the location of various elements, add your own inscriptions or logos.

Separately, it is worth mentioning about the possibility of using variable tests. They allow you to change questions or other test parameters on the fly, in the process of testing, depending on which the answers the user gives. For example, if the respondent indicates that he is a man, one group of questions is shown, and if he reports that he is a woman, questions arise completely different. In addition, variables are convenient when evaluating psychological tests, where, when choosing one or another answer, points from the already dialed amount or a bonus is added. Variables can also be used to provide an auxiliary text information, which is displayed in the process of passing the test. For example, if there is unsatisfactory results during the assessment of knowledge, with the help of variables, you can withdraw text with links to educational materials that should help the student in further training.

A lot of attention in Adit Testdesk is given security. All tests are stored in encrypted form, and the test author can set the rights to view and change the data. For example, one users can be allowed to add new testing profiles, others can make changes to questions, and another group has the right only to browse the finished tests. Access to tests can be limited to the user's IP address, group identifier and login. You can also set test quotas, for example, limit the number of tests passed to users two per day. For those who plan to actively use Adit TestDesk for testing via the Internet, there is a special secure network edit. It implements secure data transmission using the SSL protocol, as well as secure remote administration with SSH protocol support.

⇡ Conclusion

Despite the fact that all four utilities discussed in this review are used for the same purpose - creating tests, each of them has its own purpose, which is determined primarily by how the use of finished tests have provided developers. Thus, the results of the work in Quiz Press can only be saved as a set of files to download to the FTP server, therefore it is obvious that the program can be used to create tests that are planned to be placed on the Internet.

Wondershare Quizcreator can save tests and polls in Flash format, which will be convenient for webmasters who want to diversify information on their website. With this program, you can also record tests on the disk. Schoolhouse Test is designed exclusively for creating paper tests and is a convenient tool for organizing questions in a convenient form for a teacher. Finally, Adit Testdesk proposes its own client for testing, and therefore, is primarily oriented, first of all, to use in organizations and educational institutions where it is required to implement a full test cycle.

Testing - The process of analyzing a program or controlled program execution on a finite multiple input data in order to detect errors

Static - Analysis of the text of the program

Dynamic - analysis of the controlled execution

Testing methods - A combination of rules governing the sequence of testing steps

Testing criteria - Assessments to judge the adequacy of the test

The test is considered to be a test that leads to a detection of an error. Testing is a destructive process.

Test - A set of input data, a set of expected results, a set of conditions designed to verify a specific program execution path.

Features

1) Frequent absence of a fully defined reference, which must be complied with the results

2) high complexity of programs eliminates comprehensive testing (checking all possible runtime routes)

3) low formalization criteria for completion of testing

Basic testing principles

1) It is impossible to plan testing in the assumption that there are no errors

2) should avoid testing the program by its author

3) a description of the intended values \u200b\u200bof the results should be an integral part of the test

4) tests for incorrect input data should also be developed carefully as for the correct

5) It should be understood, one hundred probability of the presence of undetected errors is proportional to the number of already detected

6) should not be disposed of tests, even if the program is no longer used

Test objects. Test Categories

1) Specifications of software modules, program groups and software complexes

Fullness and consistency of program component functions

Consistency of program component interfaces (for groups of programs and complexes)

2) software modules

Structure

Transformation of the data performed by the module

Fullness of functions performed by the module

3) programs combined to solve the completed functional task

The same as for modules

Interface between programs

4) Software Complex used to solve several functional tasks

Completeness of solving functional tasks

Functioning programs in critical situations

Testing consumption of resources

Evaluation of the reliability of the complex

The effectiveness of protection against the distortion of common data

5) Software for trial operation

Same as for 4)

Ease of installation of the working version of the program

Checking the work when changing the equipment configuration

Verification of availability and correctness of documentation

Test for compliance with the technical assignment

6) Software at the stage of maintenance

Convenience of modification, such as expanding functionality and efficiency

1 - Specifications

2 - modules

3 - programs of programs

4 - program complexes at the debug stage

5 - software complexes like products

Types and test methods

Features of downward testing:

Advantages:

From the very beginning, the main functions are checked - conceptual check

Disadvantages:

The need to develop plugs, often enough intellectual

Parallel development of modules of various levels does not always provide the possibility of the desired sequence of testing modules of different levels

Features of ascending testing

Advantages:

Ready low level modules are used for testing.

Disadvantages:

The need to develop test drivers to control the operation of the lower levels from the upper

Deferred verification of the basic concept of the functioning of the complex

1) Modular testing. Includes verification:

The correctness of the structure of the module

The correctness of the main constructive components

Fullness and quality of data processing functions

Structural correctness is checked by structural methods on the principle of "white box"

2) Integration Testing. Check:

Correctness of combining modules in a group or a set of programs

It is conducted on the basis of 2 approaches:

Monolithic testing in which the modules are immediately combined into a single complex and after that together are tested

Incremental (step-by-step), modules are connected to each other sequentially (bottom up or top down)

Uses the structural check of the plug-in modules and the functional check of the completeness and quality of the implementation of functions. Functional checks are carried out on the principle of "black box"

3) System Testing. Provides verification of software compliance with specified requirements in a given environment and functioning modes. Provides the following types of testing:

Testing functionality

Stress testing (testing at elevated loads for used resources)

Security testing (protection against unauthorized access)

Testing recovery in failures

Recently, alpha and beta testing has become widely used - these are types of testing performed with the participation of the customer. Alpha Testing is performed on the territory of the developer in conditions of limited time (no more than a week). Beta testing is performed after the introduction of a program into trial operation in the customer's territory is held sufficiently long (norm 1 year).

Error statistics in software products by type.

Testing methods

All methods are divided into two unequal groups:

Static (manual)

Dynamic (Machine)

The main methods are manual:

Inspection code

Through view

Dynamic methods:

Structural

Functional

Static testing methods

The overall trait - they use the visual control of the program according to its text group of 3-4 people, one of which is the author of the program. The purpose of verification is to detect errors, but not their elimination. The main concept - the presence of errors is not the author's wines of the program, but the imperfection of the program development tools and the complexity of the program as a certain system. In normal conduct, static testing methods allow you to detect 30-70% of the initial errors in the program. They, in contrast to the machines, allow you to detect typical groups of the author's errors.

Code inspection. The group includes 4 people: the head of the inspection, the author of the program, the designer and the tester. A week before the inspection, the head distributes to all participants listing programs that will inspect.

2) The program is analyzed by a typical list of common errors:

Data access errors (data uninitialation, index exit beyond arrays, links to empty memory)

Data description errors, matching specified types and values

Errors of calculations

Control errors (looping, correcting program termination)

Interface errors (errors associated with the interaction of parts with each other)

I / O errors

The result of the code inspection:

Through view. It starts as well as the inspection of the code, but in the process of the group meeting, the program is familiar with the program by a small number of manual testing sessions on simple data.

Dynamic testing

Structural testing of software modules

When structural testing is checked

Passage of tests based on the logic of the program, as the elements of which are vertices, arcs, routes, conditions and combinations of the conditions of the control graph of the program

Recently, the passage of the data flow of the information graph is checked, which reveals anomalies in data processing

Testing based on control flow

Enter the selection criteria for testing:

1) Coverage of operators (coating of vertices UGP, coating of rows of code). It is necessary to verify the execution of each operator at least once. It is necessary to implement the path A-C-E (for example, with a test set A \u003d 2, B \u003d 0, X \u003d 3, the result x \u003d 2.5). The passage of the path A-B - D is not checked. Separate conditions are not checked, for example, OR instead of &. It is the weakest criterion and is used only at the initial check.

2) coverage of branches (solutions). It is necessary to check each arc execution of the program. This criterion includes the previous one.

1) Cableduga-C-E, A-B-D

2) Cableduga-C-D, A-B-E. A \u003d 3, b \u003d 0, x \u003d 3ia \u003d 2, b \u003d 1, x \u003d 1

Does not detect all errors, for example, if instead of x\u003e 1 will be x<1. Критерий не является исчерпывающим

3) Criterion for coating conditions. Each condition used in the program must be performed at least once. The following conditions are used: a\u003e 1, b \u003d 0, a \u003d 2, x\u003e 1. You need to implement checks: a\u003e 1, a<=1, B=0, B!=0, A=2, A!=2, x>1, X.<=1. Для проверки этого достаточно следующей пары тестов: (A=1, B=0, X=3) идет по пути a-b-e и (A=2, B=1, x=1) идет по пути a-b-e. Оба теста проверяют один и тот же путь.

4) Combined Criterion "Conditions / Solutions", which should check all conditions in the program and at least once to go through each arc.

The following test sets: (a \u003d 2, b \u003d 0, x \u003d 4) A-C - E, (A \u003d 1, B \u003d 1, X \u003d 1) A-B-D.

5) combinatorial coating conditions. The following combinations of conditions should be covered:

(2) a\u003e 1, b! \u003d 0

(3) a<=1, B=0

(4) a<=1, B!=0

(6) a \u003d 2, x<=1

(7) a! \u003d 2, x\u003e 1

(8) a! \u003d 2, x<=1

Test sets:

(A \u003d 2, b \u003d 0, x \u003d 4) (1.5)

(A \u003d 2, b \u003d 1, x \u003d 1) (2, 6)

(A \u003d 1, b \u003d 0, x \u003d 2) (3, 7)

(A \u003d 1, b \u003d 1, x \u003d 1) (4, 8)

6) Call Criterion. Provides verification of the correctness of the call of each procedure or function in the program.

7) Criterion coverage paths. It is used in a limited version when only the use of cycles are considered when the cycle checks are considered: the cycle body is not satisfied. Never, the cycle body is performed once, the cycle body is performed k times (k<=n – максимально возможное число повторений), тело цикла выполняется n раз, тело цикла выполняется n+1 раз. Является очень сложным и громоздким, применяется только при очень тщательном тестировании.

Structural Testing based on Data Flow

The operation of any program is represented as processing of data flow transmitted from its output. If there is a managing graph of the type program

The information graph of the program is represented by dotted lines.

For each vertex I, the UGP can determine the set of DEF (I) - data defined in this vertex and the set USE (I) of the data used in this vertex.

For testing, it is necessary to highlight DU chains, which have the following form DU \u003d (DATA, I, J), DATA - this, I - the vertex in which this, j is a vertex that uses this one.

For our example, the set du chains:

Du \u003d ((a, 1, 4), (b, 1, 3), (b, 1, 6), (C, 4, 6)).

After forming a du set of the chain, the diabetes of the chains in the UGP fragments corresponding to the paths of determining and using this chain.

For chain (A, 1, 4), the path 1-2-3-4. According to the information graph of the program, the path is generated in the control column of the program, which is tested. This method is called "Strategy of Required Couples"

Disadvantage: The difficulty of choosing the minimum number of tests that ensure the effective check of all DU chains.

Functional Testing (FT)

Structural testing does not allow you to check all functions imposed on the program because some functions may simply be missing in the proposed implementation.

Functional testing is the testing required to verify the compliance of the software product with the functional requirements specified in the specification. When performing the FT, the logic of the program is ignored and all focuses on the output values \u200b\u200bobtained as a result of processing the specified input sets. Usually the FT is detected by the following types of errors:

1) incorrect or missing functions

2) interface errors

3) resource consumption errors (exceeding memory occupied or execution time)

4) initialization errors or completion of the program

To carry out the FT, you must have: Input sets leading to program execution anomalies, output sets that allow detecting defects in the program.

FT methods must provide:

1) Reduction of the required number of test options (checks are performed dynamically)

2) identify error classes, and not separate errors

The FT methods are usually applied at later testing stages than structural.

The method of dividing the equivalence classes.

The input data area is divided into equivalence classes (CLE), which are a set of data with common properties, the processing of which the program is performed completely equally. When processing, the same operators and the same links are used. CLE are divided into the right (permissible) and incorrect. CLE are determined by the specification on the program, for example, as follows: 20000<=x<=80000, правильный КлЭ - 20000<=x<=80000, 2 неправильных КлЭ – x<20000, x>80000. Development of tests consists of 2 stages:

1) Breeding on CLE

2) Test construction

Selection of CLE according to the specification - the process of heuristic

1) If the input audible input is represented as a range of values, one right class (inside the range) is built and two incorrect

2) if a concrete value is, one correct and two incorrect CLE are built

3) If the input condition describes a plurality of M \u003d (A, B, C), it is built according to one correct class for each of the values \u200b\u200band one incorrect class for values \u200b\u200bthat do not belong to the set (M! \u003d A) & (M! \u003d B ) & (M! \u003d C)

Construction of tests.

1) Each CLE is assigned a unique number

2) Tests are built for the correct CLE, so that every test covers as many of these classes as possible.

3) Tests are built for incorrect classes that should be individual, since checks with erroneous inputs can hide each other.

Analysis of boundary conditions.

The method is the development of the previous one in the sense that the boundary conditions are understood as situations arising from the borders of the input and output CLE.

Differs from the previous one

1) When choosing elements of the CLE, values \u200b\u200bare used on and near the borders of classes -1.0<=x<=1.0 x={-1.0, 1.0, -1.01, 1.01}

2) The method should consider not only the input, but BAC for output values.

General method of using the method:

1) Build tests for values \u200b\u200blying on the border of the area, and tests with incorrect data, slightly leaving the boundaries

2) If a certain number of files are processed in a given range, then build tests for boundary file values, 1 more and less upper and lower boundary respectively

3) Apply approaches 1, 2 for each output values

4) If an ordered set of many values \u200b\u200bis checked, then you must perform checks for the first and last elements.

The disadvantages of the considered methods are that they do not allow to check the combinations of conditions.

Method of functional diagrams (method of diagrams of causal relations of DPS)

The method allows you to formally generate the resulting tests, allowing to detect the ambiguity of the requirements of specifications when combining input conditions

A functional diagram is a formal graph-analytical language that allows you to describe specifications written in a natural language.

Methods of building functional diagrams

1) The specification is divided into "working sections", i.e. such sections for which the diagram will not be too cumbersome

2) Specifications are distinguished causes and consequences. The reason is a separate input condition or BAC of input conditions, a consequence - the output condition, the result of the program. Each reason and consequence is assigned a unique number

3) The semantics of information specified in the specification is analyzed, and a Boolean graph is built, which connects the causes and effects, which is a functional diagram. Each assembly node can take 2 values: 1 - is present (executed)

The following basic characters are used to represent diagrams:

The specification is specified. The file is updated if the character read in position 1 is a or or b, and the character in position 2 is worth the figure. If the first is erroneous symbol, then the message X1, if the second is not a digit, then the message x2.

1) the symbol in position 1 is equal to

2) symbol in position 1 is equal to

3) symbol in position 2 digit

Corollary

1) file updated

2) the message x1 is issued

3) a message x2 is issued

The diagram has a problem: the use of causes 1 and 2 is in no way limited.

To account for impossible combinations of reasons or consequences, additional basic elements are provided.

E - can not be at the same time

I - can not be at the same time 0

R - requires (a \u003d 1, then and b \u003d 1)

M - prohibits (a \u003d 1, then b \u003d 0)

With this in mind:

Generating table decisions

Using columns table solutions as tests

Solution Table Generation:

1) lines corresponding to reasons and consequences are formed.

2) some consequence is selected, which is value 1

3) There are a combination of reasons that ensure this value of the investigation

Excluded elements of rows of reasons can take any values.

Used tests will have the following type

Method based on the assumption of the error (negative testing method)

The essence is based on the experience of the tester and the idea lies in the listing of a certain set of possible errors, to ensure that tests are written. The method determines how to make the program make a mistake or stop execution. The designers identify the requirements for the successful implementation of the program and then the tests are developed, each of which violates one of the requirements. The sustainability of the program to exceptional situations is checked.

1) Running on another platform

2) permutation of values \u200b\u200bin the file

3) no data in database

4) incorrect or missing configuration parameter values

Total test development strategy

1) Check the logic program using structural testing methods for operators covering operators, covering branches (conditions), coating solutions of conditions, combinatorial coating conditions

2) Checking the functionality of the program using the FT methods. If there is a combination of input conditions, then it is necessary to start with the method of functional diagrams, then partitioning on the CLE, the analysis of boundary conditions, the method of negative testing.

Criteria for completing testing

Usually used 3 groups

1) Criteria based on a specific testing methodology, which determines the percentage of the coverage of the logic tests and the functionality of the program.

2) Criteria based on expert estimates of a possible number of errors available in the program of this class and the target.

3) Criterion based on a temporary testing diagram for each program development phase

Free program. With her you can organize test, survey, survey, check and control knowledge. In the content of the questions, you can use pictures and text formatting (color of letters and background, font, using formulas and tables). Options for answers B. It can be with a single and multiple choice, "yes / no" (lies or truth), entering a number or word, order, compliance, choosing a response area in the image, rearrangement of letters. The program implements training (error messages), penalties (points are passed, task skip), free (any sequence of questions) and the monopoly (the program window occupies the entire screen and do not collapse it) Learning modes. Program has a pleasant design and easy management of all the necessary features and settings. for testing.

Testing, editor and testing log

The MyTestX utility includes three modules - testing, editor and testing log. The testing module conducts a test from a saved file containing questions, responses and test settings, counts and tastes the correct and incorrect answers. Using test editing module, even a novice user without difficulty will make a new test or survey. Testing log stores the results of tests in the form of a detailed report.

Testing over the network

In a computer class using a local network, a teacher can check the knowledge of all students simultaneously and implement online monitoring of testing, pre-trusted tests and tasks over the network. Program for testing and knowledge checks Supports work on the local network, you can easily centrally organize the collection and processing of test results and view a detailed report using the testing log.

Protection of tests and their results

MyTestX program has a high reliability of protection against editing and viewing test results and test tasks. Turning a password to a test change or spoil it to third parties becomes impossible. All settings, parameters, questions and keys with answers of the jobs of a separate test are stored in one encrypted and compressed file.

In the MyTestX archive:

• mYTESTX 10.2 program;
• testing module for terminal classes;
• module for creating autonomous tests;
• program to import tests from text files to MyTestX 10.2 program format;
• programs for converting tests for MyTestX from one outdated format to another.

Official site: http://mytest.klyaksa.net
OS: Windows ALL.
Supported languages: Multilingual platform including Russian
Version: 10.2.0.3
License:freeware. (is free)

File size 16.9 MB
Password on the archive LOADBOARD

Without tests, there is no teacher today, whether it is a school teacher or a professor of a multi-thousand course. Selecting a variant of several is not the only way: in polls you can insert pictures and video, change the formats of task almost to infinity. Edutainme has chosen seven services that will make it easier for the preparation and testing.

Google forms

Google forms - part of the Google Drive office tool. Perhaps this is one of the fastest and most simple ways to create your own survey or test: We write a task, select the type of response (the choice of several options, writing your own) - Done! The resulting test can be sent to students by email or embed onto your site using a special code. To speed up the work, we recommend adding the Flubaroo plugin - it automatically checks the answers of students and sets evaluations on specified criteria. Forms are completely free - to use the resource you only need to have a Google account.

Using Quizlet, you can create tests where students will choose correct answers from the proposed, mapping images and information or enter their own options. It is very easy to use - in the interface you can figure out literally in a couple of minutes, in addition, Quizlet supports Russian and works on Android and iOS. Quizlet is free, but there is also a PLUS subscription for $ 10 - it will allow you to upload your own pictures and create an unlimited number of training groups.

Proprofs.

Proprofs prepares tests for every taste - you can propose to choose one or more options, ascertain to fill the missed word or write a detailed answer. The service allows you to insert text documents and presentations in tasks, PDF files, as well as images, audio and video files. After completing the test work, you can leave it in general access on the PROPROFS website or embed it on your page.

Although the service is free, Proprofs are expanding in paid tariffs. Teachers should pay attention to Basic and Professional tariffs. The first opens all the main features of the service and allows you to create an unlimited number of tests for $ 20 per month; The second permits to combine students in closed groups and cost $ 40. New users can use all the features of Proprofs within 15 days after registration.

Kahoot! Allows you to submit in the format of polls and tests almost all the educational material. To establish feedback with students, you can beat new topics in the form of simple questions and answers, and consolidate knowledge with more detailed testing. Kahoot! Designed for use in the class - the teacher shows the material on the main screen, and at this time, students respond to questions and discuss information using a special client for computers or a browser on smartphones (Android, iOS, Windows Phone). In order to enter the virtual classroom, students must enter a special code that the teacher will arrive. The service allows you to find out how every student answered questions, or build the performance chart of the whole class. Pupils themselves can follow their results in special tables. Kahoot! Free and fully accessible after registration.

Classmarker

In ClassMarker, you can make polls with different response formats - besides the usual options, there is even an essay. To start working, the teacher needs to create a virtual class and send invitation codes to students. ClassMarker stores the results of all tests conducted by conducting performance statistics. If the teacher has its own web page, it can embed test tasks for it.

In the free version of ClassMarker allows you to create no more than 100 tests. 400 tests per month will cost $ 16.50, and 1000 tests are already $ 33. The service has annual packages for those who rarely hold online testing. The minimum number of tests (50 per year) will cost $ 25 per year, and the maximum (5000 per year) will cost $ 1,000.

Mobile application for teachers helping to arrange polls right in the classroom. Students are issued special forms with response options (A, B, C and D) - hearing the question, they raise the necessary cards that the teacher scans the smartphone camera. Plickers allows you to analyze the results of a separate student or study statistics throughout the class. The application works on Android and iOS, and is downloaded for free.

Easy Test Maker

The most interesting thing in Easy Test Maker is the ability to create tasks where you need to choose faithful and false allegations. Texts can be formatted for the convenience of reading on the tablet or download in formats.pdf or.doc to test in a more traditional format. The service is able to mix the questions and options for answers so that students are harder to write off.

The free version of Easy Test Maker allows you to create 25 tests without the possibility of exporting to "paper" formats. The PLUS tariff ($ 44.95 per year) is available to test the English spelling, creating an unlimited number of tests and exports to offline formats. With PREMIUM subscription ($ 74.95 per year), the service will automatically check the results, as well as allow you to set a temporary limit to the passage of tasks and attach graphic files to polls.

Egor Antonenkov