January 07, 1899 - January 30, 1963

french composer, pianist, critic, visible from the participants of the French six

Youth Poilka coincided over the years of the First World War. He was called up to the army, it prevented him from entering the conservatory. However, on the musical scene of Paris, Pulenk appeared early. In 1917, an eighteen-year-old composer made his debut at one of the concerts of new music Negro Rhapsody for Bariton and the instrumental ensemble. This work had such a deafening success that Pulenk immediately became a celebrity.

Inspired by success, Polenk Following the Negro Rhapsody, creates a vocal cycle of the Bestiary (on poems by Guillaner Apolliner), Cokardi (on the poems of Jean Cokto); Piano plays eternal movements, walks; Choreographic concert for piano with orchestra Morning Serenade; Ballet with the singing of Lani, delivered in 1924 in Anthrepuriz Sergei Dyagilev. Miyo responded to this formulation of an enthusiastic article:

That's what Pulenk himself spoke about this time a quarter of a century later:

Starting from 1933, a lot acted as an accompaniator with the singer Pierre Bernakov, the first performer of many vocal essays of Polenka. During the 2nd World War, he participated in the movement of resistance.

He was buried in the Cemetery of Per Lashez.

Music

The heritage of the composer is about 150 works. The greatest artistic value is his vocal music - operas, cantata, choral cycles, songs, the best of which are written on poems P. Eluara. It is in these genres that the generous gift of Poolenka - melody opened this. His melodies, like the Melodes of Mozart, Schubert, Chopin, combine disarming simplicity, subtlety and psychological depth, serve as an expression of the human soul. It was the melodic charm that provided a long and incomplete success of the music of a bullet in France and beyond.

Pulenk entered the history of music as a participant in the creative Commonwealth "Sixer". In the sixth - the youngest, barely overshadled threshold of twenties, - he immediately won the authority and universal love with his talent - distinctive, alive, direct, and purely human qualities - an immeasurable humor, kindness and frequency, and most importantly - the ability to give people with their extraordinary friendship .

The period when Francis Pulenk consisted of a group of "six" is the most bright in his life and work, at the same time laid the foundations of its popularity and professional career. That's what Pulenk himself spoke about this time a quarter of a century later:

Pulenk in Russia

Works

• Operas "Terezia Breast" (1947), "Dialogues of Carmelite" (1957), "Human Voice" (1959).
• Ballets "Lani" (Fr. Les Biches; 1924, it would be more precise to translate "goats" or "Cuties", because we are talking about frivolous girls), "exemplary beasts" (1942).
• Cantata "Stabat Mater" (1950), "Drought", "Lick of Man" (1943), "Masquerade Ball",
• Negro Rhapsody for Piano, Flute, Clarinet, String Quartet and Voice (1917).
• Two march and intermented for chamber orchestra (1938).
• Two Intermezzo for Piano (1934) No. 1 (C-DUR) No. 2 (DES-DUR)
• Concerts: "Morning Serenade", a concert ballet for piano and 18 tools (1929), a rural concert for Chamblock (Clavsity) and orchestra (1938), a concert for 2 piano with orchestra (1932), a concert for an organ, string orchestra and Litavr (1938).
• Boxy cycles "Bestiary" on the poems of Apolliner and "Cokardi" to the poems of Cokto (1919), five romances to the poems of Ronsar, mischievous songs, etc.
• Mass Gloria
• Ball Masquerade. Silent Cantata for Bariton and Chamber Orchestra
• Sonata for two clarinets (1918)
• Sonata for Clarinet and Fagota (1922)
• Sonata for horn, pipes and trombone (1922)

Pulenk Francis

(7 I 1899, Paris - 30 I 1963, Ibid)

My music is my portrait.

F. Pulenk

F. Pulenk is one of the most charming composers who gave the world France in the XX century. He entered the history of music as a participant in the creative Union "Six". In the "six" - the youngest, barely overshadled threshold of twenties, - he immediately won the authority and universal love with his talent - distinctive, alive, immediate, and purely human qualities - unchanged humor, kindness and frequency, and most importantly - the ability to give people Unusual friendship. "Francis Pulenk is the music itself," D. Miyo wrote about him, "I don't know another music that would act as directly, it would be as simply expressed and would achieve the goal with the same ignorance."

The future composer was born in the family of a large industrialist. Mother - a wonderful musician - was the first teacher of Francis, she handed her son with his limitless love for music, worship before V. A. Mozart, R. Shuman, F. Schubert, F. Chopin. From 15 years, his musical education continued under the leadership of Pianist R. Vines and composer S. Köklen, who joined the young musician to modern art, to the creativity of K. Debussy, M. Ravel, as well as to new idols of young - I. Stravinsky and E. Sati. Youth Poilka coincided over the years of the First World War. He was called up to the army, it prevented him from entering the conservatory. However, on the musical arena of Paris, Pulenk appeared early. In 1917, an eighteen-year-old composer debuted at one of the concerts of the new music of Negritan Rhapsody for Bariton and the instrumental ensemble. This work had such a noisy success that Pulenk immediately became a celebrity. He was talking about him.

Inspired by success, Pulenk Following the Negro "Rhapsodia" creates the "Bestiary" vocal cycles (at Art. Apolliner), "Cokardi" (on Art. Zh. Kokto); Piano plays "Eternal movements, walks"; choreographic concert for piano with the Orchestra "Morning Serenade"; Ballet with singing "Lani", delivered in 1924 in Anthreprize S. Dyagilev. Miyo responded to this statement of an enthusiastic article: "Music" Lanie "is just like that and you can expect from its author ... This ballet is written in the form of dance suite ... with such wealth of shades, with such elegance, tenderness, charm, What kind of generous works are so generous and only the works of the Polenka ... The meaning of this music is incredible, the time will not touch it, and she will forever keep his youthful freshness and originality. "

In the early works of Polenka, the most essential sides of its temperament, taste, creative hand writing, a special purely Parisian color of his music, its inextricable connection with Paris Chanson. B. Asafiev, giving the characteristic of these works, noted "clarity ... and the liveliness of thinking, densit rhythm, acknowledged observation, purity of the pattern, compression - and concreteness of the presentation."

In the 30s. The lyrical talent of the composer blooms. He works with enthusiasm in vocal music genres: writes songs, cantata, choral cycles. In the face of Pierre Bernaka, the composer acquired a talented interpreter of his songs. With him as a pianist, he successfully toured over the cities of Europe and America for more than 20 years. Large artistic interest is the choral essays of Poilka on spiritual texts: Mass, "Litania to the Black Rocamadurian Our Lady", four motows for the time of repentance. Later - in the 50s. "Stabat Mater, Gloria", four christmas mottations will also be created. All writings are very diverse in style, they reflected the traditions of the choral music of France of various eras - from Gioma de Masho to Berlioz. The years of World War II Pulenk holds in deposited Paris and in his country mansion in NUAZ, sharing with his compatriots all the military life, deeply suffering for the fate of the homeland, their people, relatives and friends. The sorrowful thoughts and feelings of this time, but also faith in victory, reflected in the Cantata "LIC HUMAN" for the double choir A Cappella on P. Eluar verses. The poet of the French resistance Eloire created his poems in a deep underground, where the secret under the fictional name sent them to the bullet. The composer also kept the work on the Cantata and her edition. In the midst of war it was an act of big courage. It is not by chance that on the day of the liberation of Paris and his offend the score of the "Lick of Human" Pulenk proudly put in the window of his house next to the national flag.

An outstanding master of the playwright showed itself a composer in the opera genre. The first opera "Breast Terezia" (1944, on the text of the farce of Apolliner) - a fun, light and frivolous opera-buff - reflected the inclination of the Poilka to humor, joke, an eccentric. 2 Subsequent operas - in another genre. These are dramas with deep psychological development. "Carmelite dialogs" (Libr. J. Bernanosa, 1953) reveals the gloomy history of the death of the inhabitants of the Carmelitsky Monastery in the times of the Great French Revolution, their heroic sacrificial death in the name of faith. "Human voice" (in Drama J. Kokto, 1958) - a lyrical monodram, in which he sounds a living and stray human voice - the voice of longing and loneliness, the voice of an abandoned woman. Of all the works of Polenka, this opera brought him the greatest popularity in the world. It showed the brightest sides of the composer to give themselves. This is an inspirational essay, imbued with deep humanity, thin lyricism. All 3 operas were created on the wonderful talent of the French singer and actress D. Duval, which became the first performer in these operas.

The creative path of Poilka 2 Sonata - Sonata for Oboy and Piano, dedicated to S. Prokofiev, and Sonata for Clarinet and Piano, dedicated to A. Oneguer. A sudden death broke out the life of the composer during a period of great creative lifting, in the height of concert tour.

The heritage of the composer is about 150 works. His vocal music - operas, cantata, choral cycles, songs, the best of which are written on poems P. Eluara has the greatest artistic value. It was in these genres that the generous gift of a melodist Poolenka was truly opened. His melodies, like Motodes of Mozart, Schubert, Chopin, combine disarming simplicity, subtlety and psychological depths, serve as an expression of human soul. It was the melodic charm that provided a long and incomplete success of the music of a bullet in France and beyond.

Creative portraits of composers. - M.: Music. 1990 .

Watch what is "Polenk Francis" in other dictionaries:

Pulanc (Poulenc) (1899 1963), French composer, pianist. He entered the "six". Buffon Opera "Breast Tyrvicia", tragedy "Carmelite dialogues", Liriko psychological mono-source (for one artist) "Human voice" (1958), ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Francis Pulenk Francis Poulenc Photo by Roge ... Wikipedia

Francis Pulenk. Photo by Roger Viollet (1949) Francis Jean Marseille Pulenk (Fr. Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc; January 7, 1899, Paris January 30, 1963, Ibid) French composer, pianist, critic. Biography comes from rich and famous (by ... ... Wikipedia

Poolenc (more correctly Pulanc) (Poulenc) Francis (7.1.1899, Paris, 30.1. 1963, Ibid), French composer. Student R. Vines (Piano) and S. Köklen (composition). He entered the "six" (from 1920). Brought up on the samples of classic and ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Pulenk, Francis - Poolenc (Poulenc) Francis (1899 1963), French composer. Member "Six". Composer Lirik, Pulenk paid special attention to the melodies (the bullet was called "French Schubert"). Higher achievements are associated with the opera: Buffon "Breasts of Treezia" ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (Poulenc, Francis) (1899 1963), French composer and pianist. Born on January 7, 1899 in Paris. Pulenk was mainly self-taught, although in student years, instead of performing strict prescriptions of parents in relation to his education, ... ... Encyclopedia Color

"Its music is so frank that he immediately reaches his goal," the contemporaries spoke about the work of the French composer Francis Poolenka, which is more famous in the history of music, as a member of the famous Association "Sixer". The youngest of his participants with a direct and original talent, which has an incredible charm, kindness, sincerity and a subtle sense of humor, he gained such respect and authority that many of the creative personalities were looking for friendship with him. The multifaceted creativity of the composer, which absorbed all the best not only from classical, but also modern music, in combination with the charming power of the natural melodic gift, ensured the success of the music of Francis Poolenka for a long time not only in France, but also throughout the world.

A brief biography of Francis Poolenka and many interesting facts about the composer read on our page.

Brief biography Polenka

Francis Jean Marseille - such a name received a boy who appeared in the very center of Paris on January 7, 1899 in the family of rich French manufacturer Emil Poolenka. The child grew up in an atmosphere of a large veneration of art. His mother, who was called Zhanny, perfectly owned the piano and tried to instill with his children taste and love for music. Houses often, the works of great classics sounded in her performance: Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Schubert and Griga. In addition, a significant impact on the formation of the future composer was rendered by the theater, which little Francis began to attend from the seven-year-old age. A very bright impressions of the boy received from performances in the "Opera comedian".

Francis began his musical education at eight years, and since the game on the piano he gave great pleasure, he spent his own free minute for the tool. The young musician preferent with the reading of new works from the sheet, but soon he had a desire to try something to write himself. According to the biography of Polenka, in 1910 the Francis family was forced to leave Paris for a while and move to Fontainebleau. There, a young musician in an insatiable thirst for the knowledge of new works has acquired on occasion " Winter Path"F. Schubert - the vocal cycle, which played a key role in the decision of Francis to become a musician.

However, the desires of a young man did not coincide with the intentions of his father who had determined the young man into one of the best Paris lyceum to obtain a bachelor's degree. The boy with great difficulty mastered training, as he did not show much interest in subjects taught in an educational institution, but he spent back every free minute for the piano and in 16 years finally set a goal: to devote all his life to music. Initially, the bullet was very lucky: with him agreed to engage in the outstanding pianist-virtuoso Ricardo Vinz, who had a great influence on the formation of the future composer. The teacher developed in his student not only executive skill, but also helped in his composer endeavors, and also introduced to Eric Sati and George Orikom, in the future became very close friends of Francis.

Seasonal youth and the beginning of the creative way

In the summer of 1914, the First World War began. The front constantly had to replenish the new forces, did not escape military fate and seventeent-year-old Pulenk, which was mobilized in 1916. At first, he remained in Paris, then he was seconded in the vicinity of Vensen, an emergency compound, which was subsequently translated into Saint-Martin Island. Even here, Francis, not forgetting about his favorite occupation, found an old piano, which helped him to compose "continuous movements", sonate in four hands, and a little later - "Three pastorals."

Approximately by the same time the appearance of "Negro Rhapsody" is the works for Bariton, which was first fulfilled with success at the end of 1917. And the day after the premiere, all the musical Paris spoke about the newly appeared by the young talented composer. From the summer of 1919 to the fall of 1921, Pulenk was served in the Ministry of Aviation, which was located in the capital. While in Paris, he actively participated in concerts, in which the works of young composers supported by E. Sodi, who became extremely popular in the cultural environment. After one of such concerts, the birth of the famous "six" was proclaimed, in which Darius Miyo, Arthur Oneggger, Germain Daefer, Louis Dühre, George Orik and Francis Pulenk. This union began to perceive as an independent aesthetic community representing a new trend flow. All the time actively writing Pulenk by 1920 was the author of three-color suite and five expression, and in 1921 he writes ten piano plays called "Walking" and Comedy-Buff "incomprehensible gendarme".

At the same time, after demobilization from the army, Francis decides to seriously engage in the improvement of theoretical knowledge in the field of harmony and counterpoint for what turns to the better in Paris teacher on the composition of Charlek Köklenu, whose lessons helped in grinding of the composer mastery of Polenka.

In 1923, the composer receives an order from the Theater Worker S.P. Dyagileev for troupe " Russian seasons»Write ballet" Lani ", in the music of which the creative individuality and the style of Polenka have already been traced. The premiere of the performance was successfully held in Monte Carlo in early January 1924, and almost six months later in Paris. Approximately the same creative period of the composer includes "songs" on the poems of the French poet of the XVI century Pierre de Ronsar, "Funny songs" on the poems of anonymous authors of the XVII century, "Trio for Piano, Goboy and Fagota", "Pastoral", "Two Piano Namellets ", Clavician" and "rural" concerts, written for the famous Clavesicist Vanda Landovskaya. " A little later, from under the pen Poolenka, by order, the poetess Anna de Noai comes out the ballet "Morning Star", as well as the secular cantata "Ball Masquerade".

Again War

In the mid-30s, when the fascist threat was hung over Europe, in France, the fighters - anti-fascists created a "folk front", and advanced artistic intelligentsia united into an organization called "People's Music Federation". Francis Pulenk did not enter into one of the parties, nevertheless, the works of the composer of this period such as "drought", a concert for the organ, "" Litania to the Black Rocamadurian Our Lady "and" Mass "are filled with special drama. Autumn 1939 came, England and France in response to the attack of the Hitler's troops to Poland, declared war in Germany. For this reason, Francis Pulenka again called on the army, where he served until June 1940, until the truce was proclaimed, according to the terms of which the Germans occupied all France. Demobilized, the composer stayed at his cousin to Bordeaux until the autumn, working there above the new works: a cello Sonata and a series of children's piano plays "History of Iloning Babara". In October, he returned to his country house in the town of Nuazei and took up the composition of the one-act ballet "Exemplary animals", the basis of which the fables of Jean Lafonden were laid. The premiere of the play took place in August 1942 at the Theater of the Paris National Opera.

In the summer of 1943, after the perfect pilgrimage to the sanctipers of the medieval town of Rocamadura, Pulenk settled in the city of Ill-sur-Dordogne, there was a thought in his head to write a protesting occupation regime - Cantatha "Human Lick", then it is illegally published, thereby present it to the French Gift for the day of liberation from German invaders. In the spring of 1944, the composer returns to his house of Nuazei, where it starts working on the opera-buff "Breasts of Tyrumes" on the unrestrained - the funny work of the French poet - the avant-gardeist Gioma Apolliner. The opera was taken to stand out in the National Comic Opera Theater in 1945, but the premiere took place only in two years. The creative activity of Polenka from the mid-40s does not weaken, from under his pen there is one product after another, among them: the vocal cycle "Calligram" (verses of the city of Apolliner) and the work for the choir A Capella "Four Little Prayers Francis Assisky" .

Tours in the USA

Biography Polenka says that in the fall of 1948, Francis, together with Vocal Bariton Pierre Bernak, leaves in his first concert tour of the United States of America, where Music Poilka was often fulfilled and therefore was quite popular. Tours lasted two months, covering many cities of the country. The composer was lucky to perform in the famous New Yor Karnegie-Hall, there, together with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, he performed his "rural concert". A trip to America left a lot of impressions from Poilka. Here he met with a friend of his youth by Vanda Landovskaya, met and listened to the game of an outstanding pianist Vladimir Horowitsa, talked with Igor Stravinsky whom he considered a perfect genius. Returning to Paris in January 1949, the composer immediately began to compose the piano concert, the order for which he received from the Directorate of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The premiere fulfillment of this work was held in Boston in early 1950 during repeated tour of the United States.

The last stage of the creative way

In the fifties, Pulenk one after another loses his best friends, because of this, his creative focus changes significantly: the composer deepens into philosophical reflections and human experiences. An example of this can be the work of "Stabat Mater", which Francis devoted the memory of his friend - a talented artist Christian Berara. In 1953, after the next tour travel in the US, Canada, and then Italy, Pulenk starts working on the opera "Carmelite dialogues" for the scene of which the work of the French writer George Bernanosa was formed. The premiere of the play with a large triumph was held at the Milane Theater "La Scala" at the end of January 1957. In the last years of his life path, Francis continues to work as intensively. The most significant work of this period is Mono-Opera "Human Voice", written on the play of Jeanne Kato - a great creation, in which the composer realizedly displaced the entire tragedy of human feelings. In early 1963, returning home, after another concert tour of Holland, Francis called his friends and said that he could not meet with them, as I had a little blinded. It happened in the morning of January 30, and in the afternoon of the same day the composer did not become a heart suddenly stopped.

Interesting facts about Francis Polenka

• The most first musical instrument is a small toy piano - Francis received a two-year-old as a gift. Not quite well able to speak, the boy called him "my before, re, mi, laid out the colorful advertising prospectuses of stores and explained to everyone that these notes on which he plays.
• Francis's mother, being a good pianist, gradually began to engage in music with a boy when it turned four years. Some special abilities of the child could not be called, but at five years he could have played something on the instrument.

• Having brought up on the works of great composers who were constantly sounded performed by the Mother of Francis, the boy was experiencing special feelings, listening to music V.A. MozartAnd these impressions of childhood have been preserved at the Poolenka for life.
• Once in a youthful age, resting in the summer months with parents in a country house near Paris, Pulenk accidentally met Darius Miyo. Francis asked the autograph from the composer known already at the time, but received a refusal. A few years later they became good friends and participants of the famous Creative Association of Six.
• From the biography of Polenka, we learn that the composer did not study in any special musical educational institution. All his formation was made up of private lessons, which he took the piano, and then according to the composition.
• The Negro Rhapsody, written by eighteen-year-old Poilank, was successful at one of the events of the creative intelligentsia. Francis overwhelmed by social confession, Francis decided to seriously engage in composer practice. To replenish theoretical knowledge, he turned to the Antooue field see, the famous composer and conductor. Vidal, looking after the first tacts of the Negro Rhapsody, was very indignant, he was arugated a young man and drove away.

• In 1922, at the request of one American friend, Pulenk was supposed to write a choral work for students of Harvard University. The composer with joy who took an order, with diligence took up his execution by choosing the texts of the vaccine hymns of the 17th century. When the essay, which Francis called "drinking songs," was completed, Pulenk sent him to America, looking forward to a response. And what was the disappointment of the author, when he received a message, which said that, to great regret, the work could not be executed, as alcoholic beverages are chanting, while they are prohibited in the United States. "Feasty songs" were first fulfilled only after 28 years in 1950.
• Francis Pulenk was very proud of friendship with Sergey Prokofiev. They loved to play Bridge and chess, and before the performances of Prokofiev always rehearsed together on two pianos: the piano concerts lost from the beginning to the end (Pulenk performed on the orchestral party instrument). For each of them, such muscitis was very valuable: Prokofiev repeated the concert work, and Pulenk acquired to the creations of the composer, which was very valued.

• In 1944, Francis Pulenk, together with the singer Pierre Bernak, traveling in the Belgian Occupied by the Germans, at the end of one of the concerts performed the product of the composer, which sounded words about the suffering of the people of France. The audience, listening to the song, stood demonstratively, and the German officers present on the speech did not understand the text and this episode did not give any particular importance. There was no gestapovts at the concert at the concert, otherwise the musicians would have very big problems.
• Francis Pulenk never hidden and was not ashamed of his alternative orientation. However, he had a relationship not only with men, but also with women, for example, from the novel with Frederic Lebetfff, in 1946 he was born a daughter Marie-Ange, who after the death of the father became the beneficiary owner of his property.

Creativity Francis Pooleca

Francis Polenka's creative life, which lasted almost half a century, compared to other composers, can be called happy. He did not feel sorrowful disappointments due to the refusal of publishers to print his works, and his writings were not sent for a long time and almost immediately performed. Pulenk left the descendants a big heritage, which includes more than one hundred forty works written in different genres. These are operas, ballets, cantata, vocal cycles, concerts, piano and chamber-vocal essays. His creativity is very multifaceted and sometimes seemed even very contradictory. For example, comparing the composer's operas: Comedy-Buffa "Breasts Tyrumes", a tragic mystery poem " Dialogs Carmelite"And lyrical tragedy" Human voice", It is not easy to believe that these three popular works are written by the same author.

The world-famous vocal masterpieces of the composer are Cantata: "Lick of Man", "Drought" and "Masquerade", and from spiritual music: "Stabat Mater", motels and mass. In addition to vocal choral music, in which Pulenk most brightly expressed his melodic gift, the composer composer composed for piano - from small plays to major concerts, as well as in a duet with such instruments as cello, the flute, clarinet, french horn and bassoon.

Music Polenka in Cinema

Francis Pulenka's music can often be heard in the movies. To some movies, such as:

"Miaka, a girl with a bear" (1937), "Trip to America" \u200b\u200b(1951), "Symphony in White" (1942), "Duchess Lange" (1942), the composer wrote music specially. In addition, many directors use excerpts of the composer's works, including them in soundtracks for films, for example:

Francis Pulenk is a French composer and a pianist, one of the brightest representatives of the "six" group - is widely known in the musical world as the author of the opera "Human voice" and "Dialogues of Carmelite", Lani ballets and "Approximate animals" (on the bass of Lafontaine), Cantata "Lick Human" on the text of P. Eluar and Stabat Mater, a variety of writs for piano - from small plays to concerts with orchestra. And more - many romances on the verses of the city of Apolliner, M. Jacob, L. Aragon and Garcia Lorca, P. El ...

Francis Pulenk is a French composer and a pianist, one of the brightest representatives of the "six" group - is widely known in the musical world as the author of the opera "Human voice" and "Dialogues of Carmelite", Lani ballets and "Approximate animals" (on the bass of Lafontaine), Cantata "Lick Human" on the text of P. Eluar and Stabat Mater, a variety of writs for piano - from small plays to concerts with orchestra. And also - many romances on the verses of the city of Apolliner, M. Jacob, L. Aragon and Garcia Lorca, P. Eluara, Ronsar and R. Dosnosa - It is not by chance that the contemporaries of the composer told him "French Schubert".

Son of successful industrialist, F. Pulenk early discovered musical abilities. In the art of the game on the piano, he was cultivated at R. Vines. The lessons of the composition he was taught by S. Kequen - one of the patriarchs of French music, which was raised in the walls of the Paris Conservatory of many talented composers.

From youth, Pulenk was a regulance and great-wide salons, and noisy assemblies of artistic bohemia. He was in a sophisticated Society of the literary elite, whose evenings were held in the book shop on Square at the Odeon Theater. Among the close friends of Polenka - composers D. Miyo, J. Oric and E. Sati, poets of Apolliner and M. Jacob, P. Eloir, L. Aragon and R. Desna, singers D. Duval, J. Batori and P. Bernak, the famous Clavesicist V. Landovsk, a famous violinist E. Jourdan-Morants, music critic K. Rostan, writer and playwright P. Klodel. His creativity was awarded high praise M. Ravel and I. Stravinsky.

In his artistic preferences, Pulenk was absolutely free, he did not limit himself in any one style, and dismissed different directions enthusiastically. In his youth, was passionate about the eccentric, aesthetics of Music Hall, the ideas of urbanism. He was a man for the expression of A. Oneguger, "creating his own music." In his book "My Friends Musicians" E. Zhordan-Morange with his characteristic grace and poeticity devoted the following lines in the poetchiness: "Often, among the most stringent melodies, a playful song hears ... In his garden, Pulenk mixes seeds ... Rose, flourishing Near forget-me-not, it is no less beautiful. Everyone his time ... Pulenk, as well as Mozart in childhood, ready to ask: "Tell me, do you like me?" His music is a gift. There is no vulgarity in its ease. He creates as breathing. "

That's what contemporaries about Polenka said and wrote:

"How he is talented! If only he worked, "Maurice Ravel).

"Francis Pulenk is the music itself; I do not know another music that would act as directly, it would be just as pronounced and would achieve a goal with such an error in "(Darius Miyo).

"I did not know how to listen to myself, Francis - Thank you, Francis, from now on I hear my voice ..." (Paul Elolar).

"I admire the musician and a person who creates natural music that distinguishes you from others. In the whirlpool of fashionable systems, dogmas that try to impose the strengths of this world, you remain ourselves - rare courage, worthy of respect "(Arthur Ongger).

"Future generations will open Poolenka in his works as it was: in love with life, mocking, kind, gentle and bold, melancholic and sincere mystic, at the same time monk and a bad boy" (Stefan Odel).

Date of birth: January 7, 1899
Place of birth: Paris
Country: France
Date of death: January 30, 1963

Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc (Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc) is a French composer, a pianist, was a member of the French group of composers "Sixer" (Les Six). He composed music in all major genres, including: chamber music, oratorio, opera, ballet music, orchestral music and author's song.

Francis Pulenk was born in a famous and wealthy family of French manufacturers in Paris in 1899. The first music lessons and playing on the piano, he received from his mother who was a fan pianist, music was part of family life. And although later (in 1921), he studied at Charles Köklen (French composer and teacher) and other composers, he was still considered a self-taught composer.

He is called a musician spontaneity. His bright creative person is formed during the First World War, when Europe, despite the war, sought a new aesthetics, and Paris was a center where new ideas were born. In 1917, Pulenk enters a group of young composers, who gained fame thanks to the musical criticism of Henri Colli called "Six". Members of the Group unite their searches in creating a new style of music, using the achievements of the past and the freshness of American jazz, Brazilian dances and French waterville. With a significant effect of innovation, Eric Sati and the genius of Igor Stravian Pulenk created his own individual artistic style, which is easily recognizable by its bright colors, clear and clear rhythm and very beautiful diatonic harmony. He filled his works with a melody - the strongest side of his work. His music is possible less intellectual than that of Stravinsky, but more subtle and passionate than Sati. In essence, the essays of the Polenka are so individual that it is difficult to imagine that someone can be his teacher.

The most famous scenic works are the comic Opera "Tyrvia's chest" on the text of Guillane Apolliner (French poet), written in the last days of World War II and presented in Paris in 1947 and the tragic opera "Dialogs of Carmelitis" (1957) on libretto Georges Bernanosa (French writer) on the novel "Last on Eshafote" of the German writer Gertruda von Le Fort, telling about the execution of the nun-carmelitka during the French Revolution, entered the repertoire of the world opera. One of the most interesting works Polenka - filled with the humanism of the mono-pool "Human voice" (1959) on Libretto Jean Cocteau, a tragic effect on the separation of a woman with his beloved, an emotional vocal party, in which the melody flexibly transfers the feelings and mental experiences of the heroine, her longing for happiness. Francis Polenka's ballet "Les Biches" in Russian translation "Lani" (1923) took the first place at the contest in Monte Carlo in 1924

In addition to the opera and ballet, many other works entered the global music fund, he made a significant contribution to the art of French solo and choral singing, composed songs and music for movies. In concert work, he created a concert ballet for piano and 18 instruments (1929), a concert for 2 piano and orchestra (1932), a concert for the body and string orchestra (1938).

One of the few composers of the twentieth century, which showed the skills in the use of wind instruments. This ability is pronounced in a large series of works for wind instruments and piano. Particularly loved by wooden brass instruments and planned to create Sonatas for all of them, but managed to complete only for four: flutes, oboe, clarinet and an elegge for French horn and piano, to which you can add a trio for the bouse, a fagot and piano.

Having survived several tragic deaths of their loved ones, Pulenk after the death of Pierre Ferroud's composer in 1935 (Pierre-Octave Ferroud) returns to the Catholic faith of his childhood and creates several bright religious works, starting with Litania "? La Vierge Noire" (1936 ) and Mass Major Major for the Mixed Choir Capella (1937), after the death of Christian Berard's artist, he composed the hymn "Standing Mother [Grieving]" ("Stabat Mater") (1950), as well as "Glory" ("Gloria ") (1950) for solo soprano, choir and orchestra and the last cantata" seven answers from the shade "(" Sept Repons Des Tenebres ") (1961).

Francis Jean Marseille Pulenk died of heart failure in Paris in 1963 and was buried in the Cemetery of Per Lashez in Paris.