Schubert and his works. Brief creative biography of Franz Schubert

16.06.2019

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Schubert Franz (1797-1828), Austrian composer.

Born on January 31, 1797 in Lichtentale near Vienna in the family of school teacher. Father and older brothers taught Franz to the violin and piano.

Since 1814, Schubert met in the school of his father, however, without feeling a special tendency to this. In 1818, he left teaching and fully engaged in creativity. Already during his short work at school, Schubert created about 250 songs, among which the masterpiece of world vocal lyrics "Forest Tsar" (1814; on the verses of I. V. Goethe).

Around the composer united like-minded people, fans and propaganders of his creativity. It is thanks to their efforts to Schubert, fame and recognition came. He himself was distinguished by life impracticality.

The basis of Schubert's creativity was the song. In total, more than 600 works of this genre are written. Among them, the vocal cycle "Beautiful Mellenchikha" (1823; on V. Müller) - a simple and touching story of the love of a modest impetus and the daughter of the master of the mill. This is one of the first vocal cycles in the history of music.

In 1823, Schubert became an honorary member of the Schinsky and Lentz musical unions. In 1827, they were written another vocal cycle on Muller poems - "Winter Way". Already posthumously, in 1829, the last vocal compilation of the composer was released - the Swan Song.

In addition to the vocal essays, Schubert wrote a lot for the piano: 23 Sonates (from them 6 unfinished), fantasy "Skitalets" (1822), "Exprompti", "Musical Moments", etc. From 1814 to 1828, 7 Mesis was written And "German Requiem" (1818) - the main writings of Schubert for soloists, choir and orchestra.

For the chamber ensemble, the composer has created 16 string quartets, 2 strings and 2 piano trios, etc. He also wrote Opera (Alfonso and Estrella, 1822; "Fjera-Bras", 1823).

P.S. Visitor to estate Elena L. Added short, capacious, wonderful comment. I cite completely and subscribe to each word. Elena, thank you very much!
Hello! As for Schubert: How not to remind readers about his masterpiece "Third Song of Ellen", a better known to a wide listener, like "Ave Maria"? And be sure to say that the boy has written this immortal music for 30 years from the family ...
P.P.S. Comment itself Do not place to avoid repeats.

Franz Peter Schubert.; January 31, Himmelpfortgrund, Austria - November 19, Vienna) - Austrian composer, one of the founders of romanticism in music, author about 600 songs, nine symphonies, as well as a large number of chamber and solo piano music.

Interest in the music of Schubert during his life was moderate, but significantly grew posthumously. The works of Schubert have not yet been popular and are among the most famous samples of classical music.

Biography

Childhood

In the study, Schubert was seriously given mathematics and Latin, and in 1813 he decided to leave a chapel. Schubert returned home, entered the teacher seminary, and then settled the teacher to school, where his father worked. In his free time, he composed music. He studied predominantly glitch, Mozart and Beethoven. The first independent works - Opera "Messenger Castle Satan" and Mass Major - he wrote in 1814.

Maturity

The work of Schubert did not correspond to his vocation, and he made attempts to establish themselves as a composer. But publishers refused to publish his work. In the spring of 1816, he was refused as Kappelmeister in Lybakh (now Ljubljana). Soon Josef von Schapown introduced Schubert with the poet Franz von Schuber. Schuber arranged Schubert a meeting with the famous Bariton Johann Michael Foglem. Schubert's songs performed by Vogly began to be very popular in Viennese salons. In January 1818, the first composition of Schubert entered the stamp - Song Erlafsee. (as a supplement to antholiology edited by F. Sartori).

In the 1820s, Schubert began health problems. In December 1822, he fell ill, but after staying at the hospital in the fall of 1823 his health improved.

Last years

The first grave of Schuberta

Creation

Cebert's creative heritage covers a variety of genres. They created 9 symphonies, over 25 chamber-tools, 15 piano sonatas, a plurality of piano for piano in two and four hands, 10 operas, 6 MES, a number of works for choir, for the vocal ensemble, finally, about 600 songs. Under life, and quite a long time after the death of the composer, it was valued mainly as the author of the songs. Only from the XIX century, researchers begin to gradually comprehend its achievements in other areas of creativity. Thanks to Schubert, the song for the first time became equal to the meaning of other genres. Her poetic images reflect almost the entire history of Austrian and German poetry, including some foreign authors.

In 1897, Brightkopf and heter publishers issued the critical publication of the compositions of the composer, whose chief editor was Johannes Brahms. Such composers of the 20th century, as Benjamin Britten, Richard Strauss and George Cralim, were either stubborn popularizers of Schubert's music, or made alluszy to her in their own music. Britten, who was a perfect pianist, accompanied the execution of many Schubert songs and often played his solo and duets.

Unfined symphony

The exact date of creation of symphony SI Minor (unfinished) is unknown. She was devoted to amateur musical society in Graz, and Schubert presented two parts in 1824.

The manuscript was kept for more than 40 years in a friend of Schubert Anselm Huittenbrenner, until the Viennese conductor Johann Herbeck found it and did not fulfill her at a concert in 1865. The symphony was published in 1866.

The secret of Schubert himself remained, why he did not complete the "unfinished" symphony. It seems that he was intended to bring it to a logical end, the first scherzo were completely finished, and the rest were found in sketches.

From another point of view, the "unfinished" symphony is a fully completed work, as the circle of images and their development exhausts itself within two parts. So, at one time, Beethoven created sonates from two parts, and later in composers-romantics of this kind, the works became the usual phenomenon.

Currently, there are several options for the completion of the "unfinished" symphony (in particular, the variants of the English musicologist Brian Newbauld (English. Brian Newbould) and the Russian composer Anton Safronova).

Works

Octet. Schubert autograph.

Piano Sonata - Moderato

Piano Sonata - Andante

Piano Sonata - Menuetto

Piano Sonata - Allegretto

Piano Sonata - Moderato

Piano Sonata - Andante

Piano Sonata - Scherzo

Piano Sonata - Allegro

Mass In G, Movement 1

Mass In G, Movement 2

Mass In G, Movement 3

Mass In G, Movement 4

Mass In G, Movement 5

Mass In G, Movement 6

IMPROMPTU IN B-FLAT, MOVEMENT 1

Impromptu in B-Flat, Movement 2

Impromptu in B-Flat, Movement 3

Impromptu in B-Flat, Movement 4

Impromptu in B-Flat, Movement 5

IMPROMPTU IN B-FLAT, MOVEMENT 6

Impromptu in B-Flat, Movement 7

Impromptu in A-Flat, D. 935/2 (Op. 142 No. 2)

Der Hirt Auf Dem Felsen
Help on playback

Operas - Alfonso and Estrella (1822; Statution of 1854, Weimar), Fi-Barras (1823; Statution of 1897, Karlsruhe), 3 unfinished, including Count von Glyahen, etc.;
Zingspille (7), including Claudina von Villa Bell (on the text Goethe, 1815, preserved the first of 3 acts; production of 1978, Vienna), twin brothers (1820, Vienna), conspirators, or home war (1823; production 1861 , Frankfurt am Main);
Music to plays - Magic harp (1820, Vienna), Rosamund, Princess Cyprus (1823, Ibid);
For soloists, choir and orchestra - 7 MESS (1814-1828), German Requiem (1818), Magnitiates (1815), offering, and other spiritual writings, Osoria, Cantata, including victory songs to Miriaam (1828);
For orchestra - symphony (1813; 1815; 1815; tragic, 1816; 1816; Malaya to Major, 1818; 1821, unfinished; unfinished, 1822; large to major, 1828), 8 overture;
Chamber instrumental ensembles - 4 Sonata (1816-1817), fantasy (1827) for violin and piano; Sonata for Arpedzhion and Piano (1824), 2 Piano Trio (1827, 1828?), 2 Strings Trios (1816, 1817), 14 or 16 String Quartets (1811-1826), Piano Quintet Trout (1819?), String Quintet (1819 1828), octet for strings and winds (1824), etc.;
For piano in 2 hands - 23 Sonata (including 6 unfinished; 1815-1828), fantasy (Skitalets, 1822, etc.), 11 expression (1827-28), 6 music moments (1823-1828), Rondo, Variations and other plays, over 400 dancing (waltzes, lenders, German dancing, menuets, ecosesa, hairs, etc.; 1812-1827);
For piano in 4 hands - Sonats, Overtures, Fantasies, Hungarian Divertiment (1824), Rondo, Variations, Polona, \u200b\u200bMachi, etc.;
Vocal ensembles for male, female votes and mixed compositions with accompaniment and non-escort;
Songs for voice with piano, (more than 600) including cycles "Beautiful Mellenchikha" (1823) and "Winter Way" (1827), Collection "Swan Song" (1828), "Third Elelen Song" ("Ellens Dritter G." ELLENS DRITTER GESANG " Also known as "Ave Maria Schubert").

In astronomy

In honor of the musical play, Franz Schubert "Rosamund" is named asteroid (540) Rosamund (eng.)russian opened in 1904.

Notes

It is now part of Alzergrund, the 9th Vienna District.
Schubert Franz. The encyclopedia of the colley. - Open Society. 2000 .. Archived from primary source May 31, 2012. Checked March 24, 2012.
Walther Dürr, Andreas Krause (HRSG.): Schubert Handbuch, Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel U.A. BZW. Stuttgart U.A., 2. AUFL. 2007, S. 68, ISBN 978-3-7618-2041-4
Dietmar Grier: Der Onkel Aus Preßburg. AUF Österreichischen Spuren Durch Die Slowakei, Amalthea-Verlag, Wien 2009, ISBN 978-3-85002-684-0, S. 184
Andreas Otte, Konrad Wink. Kerners Krankheiten Großer Musiker. - Schattauer, Stuttgart / New York, 6. Aufl. 2008, S. 169, ISBN 978-3-7945-2601-7
Kreissle von Hellborn, Heinrich (1865). Franz Schubert.pp. 297-332.
Gibbs, CHRISTOPHER H. (2000). THE LIFE OF SCHUBERT. Cambridge University Press, PP. 61-62, ISBN 0-521-59512-6
For example, Chrysl on page 324 describes interest in the work of Schubert in the 1860s, and Gibbs on page 250-251 describes the discharge of celebrations on the occasion of the composer century in 1897.
Liszt, Franz; SUTTONI, CHARLES (Translator, Contributor) (1989). An Artist's Journey: Lettres d'Un Bachelier ès Musique, 1835-1841. University of Chicago Press, p. 144. ISBN 0-226-48510-2
NEWBOULD, BRIAN (1999). Schubert: THE MUSIC AND THE MAN. University of California Press, PP. 403-404. ISBN 0-520-21957-0
V. Galatskaya. Franz Schubert // Music literature of foreign countries. Vol. III. - M.: Music. 1983. - P. 155
V. Galatskaya. Franz Schubert // Music literature of foreign countries. Vol. III. - M.: Music. 1983. - P. 212

Literature

Glazunov A. K. Franz Schubert. Al.: Osovsky A. V. Chronograph, list of works and bibliogr. F. Schubert. - M.: Academia, 1928. - 48 p.
Memories of France Schubert. Cost., Translation preluded. and notes. Yu. N. Khokhlova. - M., 1964.
Life Franz Schubert in documents. Cost. Yu. N. Khokhlov. - M., 1963.
Konen V. Schubert. Ed. 2nd, extra. - M.: Muzgiz, 1959. - 304 p.
Vulfius P. Franz Schubert: Essays of life and creativity. - M.: Music, 1983. - 447 p.
Khokhlov Yu. N. "Winter Way" Franz Schubert. - M., 1967.
Khokhlov Yu. N. On the last period of Cubert's creativity. - M., 1968.
Khokhlov Yu. N. Schubert. Some problems of creative biography. - M., 1972.
Khokhlov Yu. N. Schubert songs: Style features. - M.: Music, 1987. - 302 p.
Khokhlov Yu. N. The stubble song and its development from the glitch to Schubert. - M.: Aiditaryant Urals, 1997.
Khokhlov Yu. N. Piano Sonatas Franz Schubert. - M.: Editorial Urals, 1998. - ISBN 5-901006-55-0.
Khokhlov Yu. N. "Beautiful Mellenchikha" Franz Schubert. - M.: Editorial Urals, 2002. - ISBN 5-354-00104-8.
Franz Schubert: By the 200th anniversary of the birth: Materials of the International Scientific Conference. - M.: Prove, 1997. - 126 c. - ISBN 5-86203-073-5.
Franz Schubert: correspondence, records, diaries, poem. Cost. Yu. N. Khokhlov. - M.: Eiditaryial UrSS, 2005.
Franz Schubert and Russian musical culture. Ot. ed. Yu. N. Khokhlov. - M., 2009. - ISBN 978-5-89598-219-8.
Schubert and Schubertine: Collection of materials of the scientific music generalicular symposium. Cost. G. I. Ganzburg. - Kharkov, 1994. - 120 c.
ALFRED EINSTEIN: SCHUBERT. Ein Musikalisches Porträt. - Pan-Verlag, Zürich, 1952.
Peter Gülke: Franz Schubert Und Seine Zeit. - Laaber-Verlag, Laaber, 2002. - ISBN 3-89007-537-1.
Peter Härtling: Schubert. 12 Moments Musicaux und Ein Roman. - DTV, München, 2003. - ISBN 3-423-13137-3.
Ernst Hilmar: Franz Schubert. - Rowohlt, Reinbek, 2004. - ISBN 3-499-50608-4.
Kreissle. Franz Schubert. - Vienna, 1861.
Von Helborn. Franz Schubert.
Rissé. Franz Schubert Und Seine Lieder. - Hannover, 1871.
AUG. Reissmann. Franz Schubert, Sein Leben Und Seine Werke. - Berlin, 1873.
H. Barbedette. F. Schubert, SA VIE, SES OEUVRES, SON TEMPS. - Paris, 1866.
A. Audley. Franz Schubert, SA VIE ET \u200b\u200bSES OEUVRES. - P., 1871.

Links

Schubert Works Catalog, unfinished eighth symphony (eng.)

Schubert Franz (1797-1828), Austrian composer.

Born on January 31, 1797 in Lichtentale near Vienna in the family of school teacher. Father and older brothers taught Franz to the violin and piano.

For the chamber ensemble, the composer has created 16 string quartets, 2 strings and 2 piano trios, etc. He also wrote Opera (Alfonso and Estrella, 1822; "Fjera-Bras", 1823).

Hello! As for Schubert: How not to remind readers about his masterpiece "Third Song of Ellen", a better known to a wide listener, like "Ave Maria"? And be sure to say that the boy has written this immortal music for 30 years from the family ...

In Vienna in the family of a school teacher.

Exceptional Schubert's musical abilities manifested themselves in early childhood. From the age of seven, he studied the game on several tools, singing, theoretical disciplines.

At the age of 11, Schubert was a boarding school for Soloists of the court chapel, where in addition to singing studied the game on many tools and the theory of music under the leadership of Antonio Salieri.

During training in Chapel in 1810-1813, he wrote many writings: opera, symphony, piano plays and songs.

In 1813, he entered the teacher's seminary, in 1814 he began to teach at school, where his father served. In his free time, Schubert composed his first Mass and put on the music of the poem Johann Goethe "Gretchen for a spicy".

By 1815, its numerous songs include the "Forest Tsar" on the words of Johann Goethe, the 2nd and 3rd symphony, three masses and four Singgile (comic opera with conversational dialogues).

In 1816, the composer graduated from the 4th and 5th symphony, wrote more than 100 songs.

Wishing to completely devote yourself to music, Schubert left the work at school (this led to the rupture of relations with his father).

In the yellow, summer residence of Count Johanna Esterhazi, he performed the duties of the music teacher.

At the same time, the young composer became close to the famous Viennese singer Johann Foglem (1768-1840), which became a propaganda of Schubert vocal art. During the second half of the 1810s, numerous new songs came out from Per Schubert, including popular "Skitaletz", "Gamornad", "Forelen", 6th Symphony. His Zingspil "Gemini Brothers", written in 1820 for the Visor and delivered in the Viennese Kernorter-theater, did not have much success, but brought Schubert fame. A more serious achievement was the melodrama "Magic Harp", set several months later in the An der Wine Theater.

He enjoyed the patronage of aristocratic families. Friends of Schubert published on a private subscription of its 20 songs, but the Opera "Alfonso and Estrell" on the Libretto Franz von Schever, which Schubert considered his great luck, was rejected.

In the 1820s, instrumental works were created by the composer: lyric-dramatic "unfinished" symphony (1822) and epic, life-affirming up-major (last, nine-time).

In 1823, he wrote the vocal cycle "Beautiful Melnichikha" for the words of the German poet Wilhelm Muller, Opera "Fietobras", Zingspil "Conspirator".

In 1824, Schubert was created string quartets A-Moll and D-Moll (his second part - variations on the theme of the earlier song of Schubert "Death and Girl") and a six-part octet for wind and strings.

In the summer of 1825, in Gmunden near Vienna, Schubert made an outline of its last symphony, the so-called "big".

In the second half of the 1820s, Schubert enjoyed a very high reputation in Vienna - his concerts with Fogle gathered a numerous public, and publishers wouldingly published new songs of the composer, as well as plays and sonats for piano. Among the works of Schubert 1825-1826, piano sonats are allocated, the last string quartet and some songs, including the "young nun" and Ave Maria.

The work of Schubert was actively covered in the press, he was elected a member of the Vienna Society of Music Friends. On March 26, 1828, the composer with great success gave the author's concert in the publication.

This period includes the Vocal Cycle "Winter Way" (24 songs on the words of Muller), two notebooks of expression for piano, two piano trios and masterpieces of the last months of Schubert's life - Mass ES-DUR, three last piano sonates, string quintet and 14 songs, Published after the death of Schubert in the form of a collection called "Swan Song".

On November 19, 1828, Franz Schubert died in Vienna from Tifa aged 31 years. It was buried at the Wearing Cemetery (now Schubert Park) in the North-West Vienna Near the composer with Ludwig Van Beethoven, who died a year earlier. On January 22, 1888, Schubert's dust was reburied at the Central Cemetery of Vienna.

Until the end of the XIX century, a significant part of the composer's extensive heritage remained unpublished. The manuscript "Big" symphony was discovered by composer Robert Shuman in the late 1830s - for the first time it sounded in 1839 in Leipzig under the control of the German composer and conductor Felix Mendelssoh. The first execution of string quintet took place in 1850, and the first execution of the "unfinished symphony" - in 1865. Schubert's works catalog includes about one thousand positions - six MESS, eight symphonies, about 160 vocal ensembles, over 20 completed and unfinished piano sonatas and over 600 songs for voices with piano.

Material prepared on the basis of RIA news and open sources