Shocking masterpieces of classical painting. Earth Beauty: Women in painting of different directions NU Picture genre

Your nude body should only belong to someone who will love your nude soul.

Charlie Chaplin

"The beautiful female legs turned upside down not one page of history," they say the French. And they are right: because it is not only about the scale of the state. In the personal history of the outstanding Spaniard Francisco Jose de Goya-I-Lusatenes, just this happened. Contemporaries of the artist who knew About his lovingness and impermanence, assured: everything has changed when Maestro met the beauty-Duchess Maria Teshesia Caethan Del Pilar de Alba, heiress an ancient aristocratic clan. Some admired her with unearthly beauty, called the queen of Madrid, compared with Venus, assured: "She wished everything Men Spain! " "When she walked down the street, everyone looked out of the windows, even the children threw their games to look at her. Each hairs on her body caused the desire," the French traveler ends them. Others envied beauty and wealth, sick for freedom of morals. But Duchess preferred not to pay attention to the whole of this excitement. She herself chose friends and enemies. Moreover, the beloved, no one embarrassing the presence of a husband. Judging around, the spouse did not attach a special meaning of his wife's love relations. Because her new hobby of the court painter found the usual priest. By the way, the couple was together the patronization of Goya, since in addition to the turbulent personal life, he was engaged in patronage and charity. On the basis of the art of Caetan with Francisco and met.

Their relationships withstood the test of time and serious artist's illness, the result of which was the loss of hearing. He wrote her portraits, imprinted his beloved woman in different angles and outfits. One of them is "Duchess Alba in Black" - according to some, explicit proof of their close relationships. The fact is that after the restoration of the picture held in the sixties of the twentieth century, engraving with the names of Alba and Goya was discovered on the rings of beauties. The graceful finger of the Duchess points to the sand, where the eloquence of the inscription is visible: "Just Goya". It is believed that this cloth the author kept the house "for personal use" and never exhibited. Just like Alba, two others, even more spicy, who appeared on the world after the death of her legitimate husband. There is an opinion that, burying the spouse, the "saddened" widow went to be sad in one of his places in Andalusia. And in order not to be at all seed alone, I invited Goyuy to make her company. Then they were written "Mach nude" and "Maha dressed." (Mahami, at that time, called all the flirtary dressed girls from the lower layers of society.)

True, the fact that the person shown on both canvases is also the shower duchess itself, so far many cause doubt. It is assumed that the magnificent lady in the style of Nu is one of the mistresses of Prime Minister Queen Mary-Louise Manuel Godoya: in his meeting "Mahi" were in 1808. Other sources claim: this image is collective, and only the third do not doubt that Muse Goya is exactly the Caetan, which he painted Nagya, so that he understood that the Alba was passionate about others. Be that as it may, the image of the naked nature in Spain of the XVIII century could be worth a life in any other way: discovering the canvas in 1813, the police of the morals represented by the underestimating Inquisition immediately called them "obscene". The author, who appeared before the court, was sent to prison, but did not open the name of his model. Who knows how his fate would have developed if it were not for the intercession of a high-ranking patron ...

Alba, of course, would appreciate his bold act, but by that time she had been in the world in the world for many years. The death of Caetan, unexpected for everyone, and especially for Goya, shook Madrid. The duchess found in her palace of White Vista in the summer of 1802 after the magnificent reception, arranged on the eve of the engagement of the young niece (Alba's own children). Among the guests was Francisco. He heard Kaetan reasoned about the colors, told about the most poisonous of them, joking about death. And in the morning Solva ruined the sad news. Then everyone else who knew the duchess personally, she was remembered by her words about what she wants to die young and beautiful, - which kind of it captured the magic brush Goya.

After the city, a long time discussed the causes of the death of Alba. It was assumed that she was poisoned: alas, this woman had a lot of enemies. They said that the poison she accepted herself. But for Goya, it was no longer any meaning. He survived the magnificent beloved by almost a quarter of a century, having carried away with him the mystery of "Mahi". It was not even descended to solve her alven. To defeat the name of Caetan, they conducted a study, hoping to prove in the size of the bones: another lady was depicted on the canvas. But in the process of "operation", it turned out only that the tomb of the Duchess was repeatedly revealed during the time of Napoleonic campaign, and therefore, such an examination is absolutely meaningless ...

The enchanting and incomprehensible called her those who took on faith, enthusiastic stories gave about his Museum, Queen, goddess - Gale. Less trusting and today consider her predatory Valkiria, captivated genius. There is no doubt that only one fact is: the mystery, which was surrounded by the life of this woman, is not solved.

Salvador gave "Atomic Leda", 1947-1949 Dali Theater Museum, Figueras, Spain

Since in 1929, the artist Salvador Dali saw her for the first time, a new era was started in his personal history named Gala. Many years later, Maestro described the impressions of the day in one of the autobiographical novels. However, the words printed by typographic font on the white sheets of books published by thousands of people were not transferred to the hundredth of passions that were raised in his soul on that sunny day: "I approached the window that went to the beach. She was already there ... Gala, the wife of Eloara. It was her! I recognized her naked back. She had a gentle body like a child. The line of shoulders is almost perfect roundness, and the muscles of the waist, outwardly fragile, were athletically tense, like a teenager. But the bending of the lower back was truly feminine. The graceful combination of a slender, energetic torso, an aspen waist and a gentle thigh made it even more desirable. " He himself, he and the decades later, not tired of repeating that she was his deity, Galatea, Gradiva, Holy Elena ... And if the concepts of holiness and sinlessness did not correlate from the beloved Salvador, the name Elena had a direct attitude towards her. The fact is that it was called her at birth. But, as the family legend says, Elena Dyakonova, repeatedly retold in the life writings, Dali's future Madame, "the girl since childhood preferred to be called ... Galina.

So she introduced himself as to the novice French poet eloar, when the case brought them on one of the Swiss resorts. "Oh, Gala!" - as if he exclaimed, reducing the name and uttering him to the French manner with an emphasis on the second syllable. With his light hand, everyone began to call her exactly that - "celebration, holiday", as the gala sounds in translation. After four years of correspondence and infrequent dates, they, despite the desire of the parents of the field, got married and even gave birth to the daughter of Cecil. But, as you know, free morals based on family relationships are not the best way to keep marriage. Four another four years passed, and the artist Max Ernest appeared in the life of the couple's lives, settled in the house of spouses on the rights of official beloved Gang. They say, hide a love triangle none of them tried. And then she met Dali.

"My boy, we will no longer part," Just said Gala Ellar and forever entered his life. "She cured me thanks to her unparalleled, bottomless love from ... Madness," he said, sinking his name and the appearance of the beloved to all the Lada - in prose, poetry, painting, sculptures. The difference is ten years old - according to the official version, it was born in 1894, and he did not confuse them in 1904. This woman has become a mother, wife, his mistress - Alfoy and Omega, without which the artist no longer thought of his existence. "Gala is me," he assured himself and others, seeing his reflection in it, and signed work is not otherwise as "Gala - Salvador Dali." It is difficult to say what the secret of Her Magic Power was on this man: it was probably himself he never tried to analyze, immersed in the feeling as in the endless sea. Just as it is impossible to understand who she is actually and from: the data that has so far been in all directories, not so long ago, the researchers questioned - and for this there is grounds. But is it important? After all, the gala is a myth, created by the imagination given and its own desire to save it.

Gala is my only muse, my genius and my life, no nobody.

Salvador Dali

On one of the dozens of her portraits, made in the style of Nu, the artist portrayed the beloved in the form of a mythical heroine, inhaling the old sense in the ancient as a world. So Born his "Atomic Led".

According to legend, Leda, the daughter of Tsar Festiya, was married to the ruler Sparta Tyndaram. Captured her beauty, Zeus seduced a woman, having flown to her in the image ... Swan. She gave birth to the twins Castor and Poland and daughter - beautiful Elena, known as Elena Troyanskaya. Such a comparison, the wizard was given to those who surround the unearthly charm of his beloved Galya-Elena: Salvador himself in the exclusiveness of its external data did not doubt for a minute, considering his wife the most beautiful among mortals. Probably because this emal portrait of Gang performed in accordance with the "divine proportion" of Fra Luke Packache, and some calculations at the request of the master did for the painting mathematician Mathila Gick. Unlike those who believed that the exact sciences are outside the art context, Dali was sure: each significant work of art should be based on the composition, which means that the calculation. It is worth noting that it took a scrupulously withdrawn not only the ratio of objects on the canvas, but also the internal content of the picture, depicting a passion in accordance with the modern theory ... "non-competitiveness" of intra -omic physics. His Leda does not touch the swan, does not relieve the seat soaring in the air: everything is removing over the sea, which is not in contact with the shore ... "Atomic Leda" was completed in 1949, ascending Gulla, according to Dali, at the level of the "goddess of my metaphysics ". Subsequently, he never missed the case to declare her exceptional role in his life.

Nevertheless, on the slope of the years, they cooled them. Gala decided to settle separately, and he gave her a castle in the Spanish village of Pole, who did not dare to visit, without having received the previously written permission of the spouse. And that year, when she died, did not and gave: although after her care he remained on Earth seven long years, the existence lost its meaning, because his holiday was over.

Karl Bromlov "Baths", 1832 State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

The story of the intricacies of the fate of charming Bathsavia attracts the attention of historians, poets and even astronomers: an asteroid is named after her honor. One way or another, but it is the surplus external data that has become the cause of all the seafood and joys. Some blamed Warasevia in unworthy behavior, others believed that the only crime of this woman consisted only that she was unable to beautifully.

And this story began that completely changed the life of the heroine, about the nine hundredth of the year before our era ... "Once in the evening, Tsar David, putting out the bed, walked on the roof of the royal house and saw a bathing woman; And the woman was very beautiful. And sent David to integrate, who is this woman. And they told him: this is Baths, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uria Hatteyanin. David sent servants to take her; And she came to him ... "- so describes the book of books the moment of their acquaintance. As can be seen, the news that I liked the special was married to his commander, the king was not embarrassed. What feelings owned by Virsawiya, the story is silent. In order to eliminate her spouse, David ordered "to put urius where the strongest battle will be, and retreat from him, so that he was amazed and died." No sooner said than done. Soon the ambassador informed David that his will was fulfilled. So, nothing prevents him from Taking Wirmsavia into legitimate wives.

After a last time, she gave birth to the king of the Son. Everything calculated the prudent ruler, carefully clearing the road to married happiness. Not only one thing was considered: the violation of the commandments was punished. For his sins, he and his beloved responded in full - their firstborn lived only a few days. Solomon became the second heir of the couple, with the name of which many myths and legends are connected. But this is a completely different story.

The plot and painters did not pay attention, on all the frets that beat the fateful moment for a woman. Among them - both "Great Karl", as his contemporaries called Bryrukov. True, the Master "Light and Air" attracted not so much biblical narration, how much the opportunity to shine with their "decorative gift". The highlighted silhouette, the water has lovely legs, barely noticeable dragonfly with transparent wings near the hand ... "The marble whiteness of the skin shall shake the figure of a black maid, bringing a light taste of erotica in the picture," art historians write about her. And remember sensuality ...

There is an assumption that the model for this canvas and the left unfinished, the beautiful beloved artist Julia Samoilova, the shocking countess, the legends of which there is no less than the participants of this historic epic. "Fear her, Karl! This woman is not similar to others. She changes not only affection, but also the palaces in which he lives. But I agree, and you will agree that you can go crazy from her, "they say, so Prince Gagarin, in the house of which the acquaintance, warned Bryullov: He deals with fire. However, the flame of Yulia Pavlovna, who had fallen the hearts of others, in the case of Carl turned out to be a life-giving. Over the years, they supported each other, staying, among other things, close friends. "I love you more than clarifying you, I embrace you and I will be mentally committed to the coffin. Yulia Samoilova "- Such messages, a mischievous millionaire sent" Milic Bristy "from different countries where he himself was at that moment. And he gave eternity to the appearance of his beloved, hanging her the features of the most beautiful women on their numerous canvases. Perhaps only Samilova managed to restrain a sharp, quick-tempered army of the maestro - for him of other laws, it seems, did not exist. "For the appearance of the young Ellinsky God, space was hidden, in which hostile starts were mixed and then he was erupted by a volcanic passion, they lured sweet brilliance. He was all the passion, he did nothing quietly, as ordinary people do. When passion was boiled in it, the explosion of them was terrible, and who stood closer, and it got more, "the contemporary written about Bullylov. Karl himself was not affected by what was talked about the character, because his talent did not cause doubt.

By the way, Mrs. Samoilova is one of the few who supported him at the time of despair, when, after ridiculous marriage, a forty-year-old artist was in the center of universal attention and unkind curiosity. His wife became eighteen years old Emilia Timm, daughter of Riga Burgomaster. "I fell in love with passionately ... Parents of the bride, especially the Father, immediately made a plan to marry me on it ... The girl so skillfully played the role of in love that I did not suspect a deception ..." he later told him. And after they "slandered me in the public ..." The true cause of the "waving" with the newly new wife was a dirty story in which she was involved. "I felt so much with my misfortune, my shame, the destruction of my hopes for home happiness ... that I was afraid to lose your mind," he wrote about the consequences of a marriage, which lasted just a few months. At that moment, Julia appeared in order to tear off the "Brish" from gloomy thoughts and to captivate in the whirlpool of balls and masquerads, which graffs in the beloved estate. Later she sold "Slavyanka" and went to meet new love and new adventure. Bullels also long stayed at home: Poland, England, Belgium, Spain, Italy - He traveled a lot and painted, painted, painted ... During the next trip and died - in the town of Manzian near Rome.

Julia survived Charles for twenty-three years, buried two husbands - the ex-wife of Count Nikolai Samoilov and the young singer Peri. "Eyewitnesses who saw it during this period of life said that widow mourning was very much to her, emphasizing her beauty, but she used him very original. On the longest loop of the mourning dress Samoilova, Sazhala Dither, and herself ... Rolled the laughs from the delight of children on the mirror parquets of their palaces. " Time later married again.

It is not known what promised the sky or people legendary beauty Bathsavia, whose name is translated as a "daughter of an oath", but we can say with confidence: Yulia Samoilova has given himself a word not to lose heart and kept.

Rembrandt Harmens Wang Rhine "Dana" 1636 Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Over the centuries attracted the attention of artists an ancient Greek beauty Dana. Rembrandt Wang Rhine, who had a mythical princess, who had a mythical princess, who had two beloved women were at once had a mythical princess.

This story began in time immemorial when the ancient Greek gods were in all like people and easily communicated with them, and sometimes even tied romantic relations. True, often, enjoying the charms of earthly charming person, left her for an arbitrary of fate, returning to the top of Olympus, so that surrounded by the Divine friends to forget about his fleeting passion. This is exactly what happened to Danay, the daughter of the Argos Tsar Akrismia.

Subsequently, to tell the world about the peripeties of her life considered their duty talented men: the playwrights of Eschil, Sofokl, Eurypid devoted to her dramas and tragedies, and even Homer mentioned in "Iliad". And Titian, Korredjo, Tintoretto, Klimt and other painters depicted on their canvases. And it is not surprising: it is impossible to be indifferent to the fate of the girl who had rocked rock. The fact is that once the oracle predicted her father's death from the hand of the grandson - the Son, who would give birth to. To protect yourself, acrossa took everything under strict control: ordered to conclude a daughter in the dungeon and put the maid to her. All accounted for the prudent king, except for one thing - that it feels in love with a simple mortal, and Zeus himself is the main of the Olympic gods, for which all the obstacles were nipple. He took the appearance of the golden rain and penetrated into the room through a small hole ... The moment of his visit was for artists the most attractive in this confusing story. The consequence of Randene Zeus and Danai became the son of Perseus, whose mystery of birth soon revealed: Grandfather acrycius heard a crying came from underground chambers ... Then he ordered to plant a daughter and baby in a barrel and throw them in the open sea ... But it did not help him Avoid prediction: Perseus grown up, returned to his homeland and, participating in the competition for throwing a disc, accidentally pleased them into acrycia ... "Fatum ..." - the witnesses of what happened. They would know that the fate of the "Danai", born brush Rembrandt, will be no less dramatic! ..

"Which of the pictures in your collection is the most valuable?" They say that it was with such a question in the morning of June 15, 1985 to the loopholester of one of the halls of the Hermitage visitor. "Dana" Rembrandta "," the woman replied, pointing to the cloth, depicting a luxurious nude lady. When and how the man pulled out the bottle and splashed a liquid into the picture, she did not know: everything happened suddenly. The employees who escaped on the cry saw only how the paint bubbles and changes the color: the liquid was sulfuric acid. In addition, the attacker managed to hit the picture twice with a knife ... The fact that the Maigis's forty-way resident of Lithuania was later recognized by mentally unnewned and sent for treatment, he facilitated the severity of his crimes. "Seeing it for the first time in the process of restoration, I could not hold back tears," Mikhail Piotrovsky was recognized as director of the Hermitage. - In many ways, because it was another "Dana". Although after the restoration, the last twelve years, the canvas returned to the museum, 27 percent of the image had to be completely recreated: whole fragments made by the brush of the maestro were irrevocably lost. But he wrote this portrait with special love: the model for him was the adorable woman - his spouse Saskovia. Their marriage lasted a little over eight years: Rouching her husband of four children, from which only one survived - Titus, she died. A few years later, Rembrandt became interested in the governess of the son of Hergete Dirks. There is an assumption that it was in favor of her "Dana" acquired new features that came to this day: the face and the posture changed, the "protagonist" of the plot was disappeared - golden rain. But this circumstance was revealed only in the middle of the twentieth century, when with the help of x-ray under the layer, the paint managed to find an earlier image of Saskovia. Thus, the artist combined portraits of both women. However, this taperais did not help to save relationships with her: Soon she opened a harvest against Rembrandt, accusing in violation of the marriage obligation (allegedly he, contrary to promises, did not marry her). It is believed that the present cause of the gap was the young Hendercine Staffels, his new maid and the beloved. By this time, the cases of the once lucky, popular and wealthy painter were smoldered: orders were becoming less and less, the state was melted, the house was sold for debts. "Dana" remained with him to the sales itself in 1656, then her trail was lost ...

It was discovered only in the XVIII century - in the collection of the famous French collector Pierre Croze. After his death in the 1740th, she, together with other masterpieces, went to the inheritance one of the three nephews of the art connoisseur. And then, on the advice of the philosopher, Denis Didro was acquired by the Russian Empress Catherine II, just at this time of the stained picture for the Hermitage.

"He was an eccentric of the first grade, which all despised ... Busy work, he would not agree to accept the very first monarch in the world, and it would have to leave," the Italian Baldinucci was written about Rembrandte, whose name was preserved in history only due to What he had the opportunity to become a biographer "Craid" Rembrandt.

Amedeo Modiganiani "Sitting nude on the sofa" ("Beautiful Roman") 1917, a private meeting

This picture, put in almost a century ago, in one of the Paris galleries, among other works of Modigliani, depicting the naked beauties, caused a grand scandal. And in 2010 it became one of the most expensive lots of a prestigious auction.

"I order you immediately remove all this rubbish!" - Commissioner Russo met by the famous gallery player Bert Wail, caused by him in the site on December 3, 1917. "But there are experts that do not share your opinion," Berta noticed, in which the first exhibition of thirty-year-old Amedeo Modigliani opened in the gallery for a few hours ago Having gathered a numerous crowd. The main bait for visitors was located in the showcase of the images in the style of Nu. Actually, the Pole Leopold Zborovski, a friend and the discoverer of Mio, who became his new art agent and the initiator of this supernisage: what is neither naked nature, Can you attract any dute attention ?! I did not take on Leo only that the police station was located in the house and that his inhabitants would be very interested in the reason for such a cluster of people. "If you immediately do not fulfill my disposal, I drove my police to confiscate everything!" - In resentment, the commissioner shouted. And Berta, with difficulty holding back smile, thought: "What kind of idyll: every policeman with an excellent nude in his hands!" However, it was not decided to argue and immediately closed the gallery, and the guests there helped her remove it from the walls of the "obscene" canvases. Canvas written by Zborovsky during the 1916-1917, was about thirty, but a lot of time passed before the sophisticated experts and Painting connoisseurs recognized them with masterpieces and taped "triumph of nudity". However, the entire Paris spoke about the exhibition, and some French and foreign collectors were seriously interested in the creativity of "homeless tramp" Dodo, as his acquaintances called.

Although it is necessary to say justice that by the time the homeless he was not: in the summer of 1917 Amedeo and his beloved young artist Jeanne Ebutern, with whom he met shortly before the events described, removed the little apartment - two empty rooms. "I am waiting for the only one that will be my eternal love and which often comes to me in a dream," the artist admitted one of his friends once. Those who knew Modi personally said that after meeting with Zhanne sleep and reality for Amedeo united. Portrait in a hat, on the background of the door, in a yellow sweater - cauldron with her image for the four lived together, it turned out to be more than twenty. Dodo himself called them "recognition in love on canvas." "She is the perfect simulator, knows how to sit like an apple," without moving and so long, as I need it, "he wrote to his brother.

Zhanna loved Amedeo in such a way, what he was, - noisy, unrestrained, sad, rampant, unsettled - and badly followed him, wherever he called. Also, as subsequently, without thinking, I took any decision of Modi: he should write three dozen naked charnitsa, staying with each of them aunt-a-a-a-a-a-one day? So it is necessary! "You just imagine what was happening with the ladies at the sight of a walking along the Montparnas Boulevard with a sketchnik, the handsome model of Modigliani, dressed in a gray velor suit with protruding frequencing of colored pencils from each pocket, with a red scarf and in a large black hat. I do not know a single woman who would refuse to come to him in the workshop, "recalled the familiar painter Lui Chekhovsk. They served as models for a shock show.

Later, Amedeo has once again returned to a favorite topic - portrait of a friendly companions and casual simulators who posed him in the costumes of Eve, - for the hobby of which there were orders. But he did not give any values, because the Modi himself seemed: it is obvious that it attracts not the surface of the "bodily construction", but its inner harmony. Is beauty can be shameless? By the way, on this soil, Dodo had a conflict with an elderly genius of Auguste Renoir, on the rights of Matra, taking advice to the young fellow: "When you write a bare woman, you must ... gently-gently drive a tassel on the canvas, as if caressing." To which Modigliani flared and, sharply sprinkled about Starikovsky Sweistance, left without saying goodbye.

About the "unique worship of the temptation" and "erotic filling" of his paintings later, when the singer of naked flesh will not be alive. After conducting the author to the world of other, grateful descendants, finally, will see the works of "Nacing Dodo" and will begin to evaluate them in millions of dollars, arranging the auction battles for the right to pay more competitors. Such an excitement caused and "sitting nude on the sofa" ("Beautiful Roman"). She was put up for sale in New York on November 2, 2010 on the famous Sotheby's and left for a private collection for almost sixty-nine million dollars, "setting an absolute price record." "The name of the new owner, as usual, not posted

"Why are you not trying to somehow influence him, because he dies from drunkenness, from progressive tuberculosis?" - asked Ebutern one of the close friends of the couple, understanding how sick is Amedeo. "Modo knows what should die. So it will be better for him. As soon as he dies, everyone will understand that he is a genius, "she replied. The day after the death of Modigliani Jeanne followed him in eternity, stepped out of the window. And someone from those who came to say goodbye to the artist and his muse remembered the words of the master: "Happiness is a wonderful angel with a sad face." ",", "dryly reported the media that followed the elite trading.

Pierre Auguste Renoir "Nude" 1876 \u200b\u200bState Museum of Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin, Moscow

"Singer of women, nudity, lord of the Damed Kingdom" - so painted the artist, one of the biographers for the virtuoso ability to transmit nude nature on canvas. However, the favorite theme of the maestro fell to the taste of not all of his contemporaries.

"I have not worked yet, and I have already liked to write a lady," - often repeated Auguste. "If Renoir said:" I love women, "there was no playful hint in this statement, which began to invest in the word" love " XIX century. Women everyone understands perfectly. The world becomes completely simple with them. They lead everything to their true essence and perfectly know that their wash is not less important than the Constitution of the German Empire. Feeling confident about them! He was not difficult to give me a presentation On the comfort and sweets of a warm nest of his childhood: I myself grew up in the same gentle atmosphere, "famous French director Jean Renuar, assured in his memoirs, assured that rich love experience led the Father to the fact that at the end of his life he created his own The original "concept of love". The essence of it was boiled down to the following: "Stupidity do, while young people do not matter if you do not believe any obligations."

Renoir Sr. knew what he said: he himself married at the age of forty nine years old and since then, according to the stories of loved ones, became the most exemplary husband and a caring dad for three sons, whom his beloved woman Alina Sherigo gave birth to him. When they met, the girl was a little more than twenty, and the artist was preparing to celebrate his fortieth birthday. The pretty portmith Alina, which he met every day in a cafe near his house, turned out to be absolutely in his taste: Fresh young leather, rosy cheeks, shiny eyes, beautiful hair, juicy sponges. And although Sherigo did not understand the painting, and Maestro himself was neither rich, nor handsome, besides the official offer I had to expect for almost ten years, it did not prevent the beauty of seeing the future husband in him - the only and unique. And the Renuar herself to find in it not only a devotee, but also the best model in the world - she often picked up, confessing: "I did not understand anything, but I liked to look at how he writes." "Renuara attracted women like" cats ". Alina Sherigo was perfection in this genre, "Jean's son wrote. And Leno-Wicker Edgar Degas, seeing her at one of the exhibitions, said that she was like the Queen, visiting the stray acrobats.

The model must be present to light me, make it invere something that I would not have come to my mind without it, keep me in the borders if I am too carried away.

Pierre Auguste Renoir

"I'm sorry for men - the conquerors of women. Grave for their craft! Day and night in the post. I knew the artists who did not create anything worthy of attention: Instead of writing the ladies, they were seduced by "," "Posted" somehow on colleagues, the cooler Renoir. What kind of relationships with his youth with numerous pallets, gooslets, Georges, he preferred to be silent. Nevertheless, they, who are not burdened with excessive scrupulousness of the inhabitants of Montmartre, often praised painting. One of them is Anna Leber - a buddy led in his workshop, and after a time he learned the familiar features in the picture "Nude in the Sunlight": the artist put it with a canvas at the second exhibition of Impressionists. Some art historians believe that Anna became a model and for the famous "naked" - it is also called a "swimmer" and, thanks to a special color reproduction, "Pearl". If the guesses of scientists are true, then the fate of this luxurious woman "in the juice" turned out to be unenviable: she infected with smallpasses, she died in a heyday of years and beauty ...

However, in 1876, neither Anna nor Auguste, who had not yet met Alin, did not know what expects them in the future. Therefore, he could, without constraining a day, peely peering into the bends of her body lines to give a portrait (this is exactly what this work is called) the tangibility. No wonder revealed: "I continue to work on naked in nature until I wanted to pinch the canvas."

By the way, "picturesque symphones" and "masterpiece of impressionism", to whose number, and "nude", his paintings began to call only years later. At the venice of those years, art critic Alber Wolf, seeing one of the Renoar Nude, broke out on the pages of the newspaper "Figaro" angry Tiraja: "Confers Mr. Renuar, that a female body is not a journey of a decaying flesh with green and purple spots that indicate that that the corpse is already in full swing! " The master himself, endowed with a happy characteristic of the character to perceive the world in bright colors, did not give him a lot of importance and continued to write in the manner characteristic only to him on the joy of admirers - the real and future. After all, besides love for the family, only one passion was owned by his soul to the end of the days - painting. And even when, as a result of the disease, the fingers could not keep the brush, he continued to draw, tie her to his hand.

"Today I have comprehected something!" - They say, these words uttered a seventy-year-old Renoir before going to the last path - to meet with adorable Alina, who went into the world with another four years earlier.

Diego Velasquez Venus with a mirror (Venus Rokebi) 1647-1651. The National Gallery, London

The contemporaries of Diego Velasquez considered him the ballet fate: the artist was not only lucky in all endeavors, but also fortunate enough to avoid the fire of the Inquisition for the image of female nudity. But his scandalous canvase from "retaliation" failed ...

"Where is the picture?!" - the French poet-romantic Torifer Gautier exclaimed, admiring one of the webs of the Spaniard of Diego Rodriguez de Silva-I-Velasqueza. And the Roman Dad Innocent X remarked: "Too truthfully". However, courage and skill do not embellish the reality, which have become a master's business card, Not everyone fell to taste: the surroundings of the King of Philipp IV, the dignity of Diego's evaluated Darius, found him with an arrogant and narcissistic attachment. But Velasquez, who was passionate about his art, did not spend the forces on wording, why the quality of work only won, and his education caused admiration The admirers. For example, one of the biographers, Antonio Palomino, wrote that in the young Diego's young years "he took up the study of elegant literature and in knowledge of languages \u200b\u200band philosophy surpassed many people of their time." Already the first portrait, to pose for which the king convinced the powerful slander and the leaving from Seville Duke de Olivares, so liked the ruler that he suggested that twenty Extended Velasquez to become a court artist. And he, of course, agreed. Soon between them a friendly relationship established. Painter and theoretics of art Francisco Pacheco, whose student in his youth was Diego, wrote later that "the great monarch turned out to be surprisingly generous and favorable to Velasquez. The artist's workshop was in the Royal Apartments, where the chair was installed for His Majesty. The king, who had the key, came here almost every day to watch work. " How did Pacheco tremble towards the fact that his talented ward since then began to leave the family for a long time, going to other countries as a court, the story silent. Although the wife of Velasquez Juan Miranda is known quite a bit - and only the fact that she was a pacheco daughter. Juan gave her husband to the daughters of Francisk and Ignasius. By the way, Franciscis repeated the fate of the mother - also married a favorite student of Father Juan Batystu Del Mazo. True, in the life of loved ones, apparently, Diego took much less participation than in the affairs of state.

"A perfectly educated and educated person who has a sense of self-esteem," said Venetian artist and writer Marco Boskini about him. Such a messenger was an excellent representative of the Spanish yard outside the Motherland. Although Philippe released a pet fastening his heart, Velasquez had a chance to visit long-term foreign long-lasting arrows. The first time he went on a trip to Italy in 1629 and with admiration for himself a whole world of Italian painting. The second journey to this country has been launched from 1648 to 1650: on behalf of Philip Diego engaged in the selection of works of art for the royal collection. It is believed that this trip is associated with the appearance of one of the most famous and amazing pictures of Velasquez: to create a "shameless" masterpiece allegedly inspired by the canvas of the Great Italians Michelangelo, Titian, Georgeon, Tintoreretto, with the courage of the brightness of the preparing charms of naked mythical beauties.

"Venus and Cupid", "Venus with a mirror", "Venus Rokebi" - as soon as they called the canvas for centuries! But his uniqueness is not only in the artist of the author: this is the only one of the preserved nude of Velasquez. As you know, great inquisitors, whose cruelty and uncompromising in relation to those who crime the laws established by them have gained sad glory, considered such liberty unacceptable. "Creating a voluptuous nude figures on the canvas, painters become guilts of the devil, supply adherents to him and inhabit the kingdom of hell," said one of the Yarya preachers of Vera José de Jezus Maria. In this case, beautiful - with a mirror or without - was the best illustration of the said. And Diego would be born if not in hell, then exactly on the fire, do not save all the participants in the "crime" in secretly all that concerned this image. It is possible that the highest patronage saved from her creator. Presumably, the work was commissioned by one of the most significant people in Spain, and the first mention of it was dated 1651: it was discovered during an inventory collection of a relative of influential Olivares, Markise Del Carpio. About who from the ladies served as a model, argue so far. According to one of the versions, Diego posed the famous Madrid actress and the Damian dancer, who was the mistress of Marquis, a passionate collector, a connoisseur of arts and pretty women. According to another assumption, the Italian gave his body to Venus. Perhaps she became a secret beloved Velasquez: they say that the novel really had a place to have evidence. Just as evidence that soon after the artist's departure to Spain, his son was born, the content of which Diego sent funds.

And this is not the last mystery of Venus. Fans of mysticism assure: every subsequent owner ruled and was forced to put a picture for sale. Thus, she naochesed out of hand to hand, until he found himself in the English estate Rokbi Park, in the county of Yorkshire, who gave it one of the names. And in 1906, the National Gallery of London's canvas: there, March 10, 1914 the next story happened ...

Where is painting? Everything seems real in your picture, as in a glass of mirror.

Francisco de Kesvedo

In the hall where the canvas was located, did not fit a remarkable girl. Going to the masterpiece, she snatched a knife because of her sinuses and, before the security managed to stop her, caught seven blows. During the investigation, Mary Richardson explained his act: "Venus with a mirror" became the subject of lust for men. These sexists look at her as a pornographic postcard. Women all over the world are grateful to me for putting it an end! " Later it turned out that Miss Richardson was a sofaway - a member of the movement for providing the ladies of election rights. And so unorigally tried to attract the attention of the public to the fate of Emmelin Pankherst, the head of this movement, which once again was in prison, where he declared a hunger strike.

And "Venus" was renovated: in three months she returned to the gallery. And there, as the centuries ago, admires its reflection.

Eduard mana "Olympia" 1863 Museum of Orseta, Paris

This picture, written exactly 150 years ago, is considered to be a masterpiece of impressionism, and many collectors dream of having it in his meeting. However, its first appearance on an authoritative opening day in the XIX century caused one of the most loud scandals in the history of art.

Probably, the precharged not the best reception, Edward Mana in no hurry to exhibit his work for everyone to review. After all, in the same 1863, he had already managed to distinguish itself, presenting a jury "Breakfast on the grass", which was immediately exposed to Ostracism: his model was accused of vulgarity, calling a naked street girl, shamelessly located between two Farts. The author himself was accused of immorality and did not expect anything worthy of him. But friends, among whom were the most famous French poet and critic Charles Bajler, convinced the masters that his new creation would not be equal. And the poet Zakari Astryuk, admiring Venusa (it is believed that the work was written under the impression of the Venus of Urbinskaya Titian and originally wore the name of the Goddess of Love), immediately the beauty of Olympia and dedicated to the poem "Daughter of Island". The lines from it were placed under the web, when two years later, in 1865, Mane still decided to show it at the exhibition of the Paris Salon - one of the most prestigious in France. But what happened here! ..

"Olympia will only have a dream to awaken,

Black Bulletin with Spring Spring in front of her;

Then the messenger slave that can't forget

Night of love by blossoming days, "-

read the first visitors to the signature to the picture. But barely looking at the image, it was rejected. Alas, poetic laces, which caused their favor, did not affect the attitude towards the work itself. "Batinol Strace" (the workshop of Eduard was in the Batignol quarter), "Signboard for Balagan", "Yodalisk Yodalisk", "Dirty Overtings" - Similar epithets were the most soft of all who were awarded an offended crowd. Further - more: "This brunette disgustingly ugly, her face is stupid, the skin, like a corpse," "Gorilla's female, made of rubber and depicted completely naked", "her hand seems to bring indecent convulsion," came from all sides. Critics were sophisticated in wit, assuring that "the art that fell so low, unworthy of even condemnation." Mana seemed that the whole world was dried at him. Even those who were tuned benevolently did not hold against the comments: "a lady of peak from a deck of cards, just

i came out of the bath "I am made to her colleague Gustave Kreba. "The tone of the body is dirty, and no modeling," the poet the poet theophile guide. But the artist just followed the example of a beloved painter recognized by all Diego Velasquez, and transmitted different shades of black ... However, the coloristic tasks he set in front of him and brilliantly decided, a little worried about the public: a rumor about who served as a model for his work , caused such a wave of universal wrath that the "Olympia" had to put protection. Time later, the leadership of the exhibition hall was forced to raise her to height, where the hands and canes of the "virtuous public" would not reach. Art historians and painters outraged the departure from the canons - the ladies in the style of Nude was taken to portray exclusively by the mythical goddesses, and in the model of Edward, their contemporary was clearly guessed, and the author allowed himself a free handling of color and encroached for aesthetic norms. The French alone worried another: the fact is that the city was separated by the rumor, with pleasure, a crowded crowd, that the famous Paris Curtisanka and Lover of the Emperor Napoleon III of Margarita of Emperor of Napoleon III was granted that his appearance of Olympia. By the way, Napoleon himself, a connoisseur of art, acquired in the same 1865th "main picture of the salon" - "Birth of Venus" meter and academician Alexander Cabannel. As it turned out, his model was not embarrassed by the emperor, no more than a frivolous pose nor vague forms, because it fully corresponded to the laws of the genre. Unlike the Olympia Olympia, with its scandalous "biography."

According to the official version, it was not Margarita at all for the painting, and the favorite model of Mane Quiz Louis Möran: She was not ashamed to undress for "breakfast on the grass," and appeared on his other canvases. Other artists also often invited her as a simulator, thanks to which the quiz was captured on the paintings of Edgar Degas and Norbert Genset. True, we didn't get safeguard and the chastity was not different: it was not for nothing that one of the acquaintances called it the "wayward being, who spoke as Parisian street women." Over time, she said goodbye to the dream of becoming an actress, and then the artist (her several talented work performed was preserved), he was addicted to alcohol, started a novel with a certain Marie Pellegri, an parrot acquired a parrot with whom he went through the streets of the city, performing songs under the guitar For the challenge, - topics and industrial.

Who poured you from the darkness of the night, what is the native Faust, the sabbine sacchant? You smell Muscus and Tobacco Gavana, midnight Child, my idol fatal ...

Charles Bodler.

And the commemorative, accused of vulgarity and shamelessness, Olympia began an independent life. After the closure of the cabin, almost a quarter of a century she spent in the workshop of Mana, where only familiar Eduard could admire it, because museums, galleries and collectors did not see artistic value in it and flatly refused to acquire. For public opinion, neither defense in the face of prominent art historian and journalist Antonina Proust, as a friend of youth writing: "Eduard never managed to become vulgar - the breed was felt." Neither the conviction of the writer Emil Zol, who noticed in one of the articles published in the Paris newspaper, that fate prepared her place in the Louvre. Nevertheless, his words came true, just waiting for his beauty almost half a century. By the time the author himself was not long ago in this world, and his favorite brainchild was almost gone along with other works to the American fan of painting. The situation was saved by a friend of Master Claude Monet: so that the masterpiece - and he had no doubt about him - he did not leave France forever, he organized a subscription, thanks to which twenty thousand francs were collected. This amount was enough to redeem the canvas from the widow mana and transfer to the gift to the state, so many years refused from such an acquisition. Officials from the art of the present were accepted and were forced to put it, but not in the Louvre (as possible!), And in one of the halls of the Luxembourg Palace, where the picture stayed as much as sixteen years. In the Louvre, it was transferred only in 1907. Exactly after forty years, in 1947, when the Impressionism Museum was opened in Paris (the collections of the Orsay Museum), Olympia, was subsequently created on his basis), Olympia settled there. And now the connoisseurs in admiration freeze the woman, which, according to the expression of Zola, the artist "threw on the canvas in all her young beauty."

Raphael Santi "Fornarina" 1518-1519. Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica. Palazzo Barberini, Rome

It is believed that it was her Rafael who captured in the form of the famous "Sicstinian Madonna". True, they say that in the life of Margarita Lui was not greatly sinless ...

By the time, this woman appeared in the fate of Rafael Santi, he was already glorified and rich. Regarding the exact date of their meeting, art historians and historians have not yet agreed in the opinion, but in writing and verbally transmitting legends, which for the past centuries were supplemented with many details. Some of the artist's biographers claim that they met completely by chance, when Rafael walked around the shore of the Tiber. It is worth noting that it was during this period that he worked on the order of the Agostino kiji, a notable Roman banker, who invited the famous painter to paint the walls of his Palace Farnesino. The plots "three graces" and "Galatia" have already decorated them. And with the third - "Apollo and Psyche" - Difficulties arose: Rafael could not find a simulator for the image of an antique goddess. And now the case has introduced himself. "I found her!" - an artist exclaimed, seeing the girl going to meet. It is believed that it was from these words in his personal life a new era began. It turned out that the young beauty was named Margarita, and she was a daughter of Pecary Francesco Luce, many years ago, who took a little sunny Siena in Rome. "Oh, yes you are a beautiful fornarina, a bull!" - said Rafael (translated from the Italian Fornaro or Fornarino - Baker, Bullman) and immediately offered her to pose for the future masterpiece. But Margarita did not dare to give consent, without waking up the resolution of the Father. And he, in turn, the groom daughter Thomazo. As the experience showed, the solid amount given by Raphael Papasha Luce was influenced by more eloquent than any words: having received three thousand gold, he gladly allowed his girl day and night to serve art. Margarita-Fornarna herself was happy to obey the parental will, because although it was very young (it is believed that she was barely seventeen), women's intuition suggested: the famous and wealthy artist is in love with her. And soon the girl moved to the villa (presumably, on Via Di Porta Settimiana), which Rafael removed specifically for her. Since then, they say they did not part. By the way, now at this address is the Hotel Relais Casa Della Fornarina, on the website of which it is argued that the beloved Rafael lived in the XVI century. True, not long: since the desire to spend time in her society hurt the work, Kiji offered the master to settle Margarita next to him in Farnesino. So he did.

Cupid, die blinding shine

Two wondrous eyes sent by you.

They are stolen by the consideration, then summer heat,

But there is no shallow drop of compassion in them.

I barely learned their charm,

As lost freedom and peace.

Rafael Santia

Today it is difficult to say that in this story the truth, and what fiction, because according to some sources, it began in 1514th, that is, without a small one - half a thousand years ago. There is also no confirmation of whether this woman is depicted on other artist's canvases, for example, "Donna Valet". Although the disciples took part in the creation of many monumental works of Raphael, it can be assumed that "fornarina", like the "Sicstinian Madonna", he wrote personally. Probably because, standing in front of the "Madonna" after many years in the hall of the Dresden art gallery, Russian poet Vasily Zhukovsky remarked: "Once the human soul was such a revelation, it could not happen twice." About the fact that the web was written precisely from Margarita Lui, as they say in many sources, you can only guess: in "life tracks", compiled by an authoritative biographer of the Renaissance Georgio Vazari, this name is not mentioned. There is only such a phrase: "Markantonio made for Raphael many more engravings, which he gave his student of Bavier, attached to his beloved to the death of a woman, the most beautiful portrait of which she seems to be alive, is now at the Noblen Matteo Botti, the Florentine merchant; He belongs to this portrait, like a relic, from love for art and to Rafael - in particular. " And more - not a word. A century later, one of the readers of Vazari wrote in the fields opposite these lines that her name was Margarita: the lady's fornari was observed in the XVIII century.

But I do not stop the rigor. "Beautiful, like Madonna Rafael!" - And now they say those who want to describe the true beauty. Here are only the contemporaries of Raphael assured that the chastity, which was discussed, did not differ in chastity: in those days when the maestro busy was missing, she easily found him a replacement, progressing time in the arms of one of his students or the banker himself. The Masters' fellow citizens were convinced, and then assured the whole world in this that Rafael died right in her arms from heart failure. It happened on April 6, 1520, the artist only turned thirty-seven years.

So it is or not, it is unlikely to be able to learn. But it is precisely known that Rafael did not respond to the proposal of his friend Cardinal Bernardo Divicio Di Bibbien, who, according to Vazari, for many years, wondered him to marry his niece. However, Raphael, "without refusing to directly fulfill the desire of Cardinal, delayed the case. Meanwhile, slowly indulged in more than it should be loved by love pleasures, and once, having crushed the border, returned home in the strongest fever. Doctors thought that he was caught up, and the blood was careful, as a result of which he was very weak. " Medicine was powerless.

"Fornarina" went to the independent swimming: for the first time about the work depicting a nude woman, mentioned by the words of a man who saw her in the collection of Santa Fiore. On her left shoulder - a bracelet with the inscription "Rafael Urbinsky", which gave rise to the identification of the model with the legendary beloved. In the Palazzo Barberini foundations, it has been from 1642. Radioscopic studies have shown: later this canvas was "corrected" by the student of Rafael Julio Romano.

"Rafael would have achieved brilliant success in color, if his fiery addition, he was incentively injected into love, did not cause him premature death," he wrote someone from the admirers of his work. "The great Rafael rests here, in whose lifetime, nature was afraid to be defeated, and after his death she was afraid to die," says epitaph, knocked out on his tombstones in Pantheon.

Gustav Klimt "Legend" 1883. Wien Museum Karlsplatz, Vienna

Gustav Klimt is famous for the bizarre depiction of naked ladies: At the beginning of the twentieth century, his paintings, distinguished by frank eroticism, shocked the refined Viennese public, and the dishrs of the morals called them pornographic.

But it was not always: one of the first orders, which received a novice artist from the publisher Martin Gerlah, - to make illustrations for the book "Allegory and Emblem" - young Gustav fulfilled independently and, probably, in full compliance with his requirements and ideas about the beautiful. In any case, information about complaints from Gerlacha has not been preserved. Although in the center of the plot - the beautiful nude beautiful style. Such nudity critics called almost chaste. "Even in her early paintings, Klimt gave an honorable place to a woman: from now on he never stopped singing it. Obedient beasts are placed to decorate at the feet of an amazing, sensual heroine that perceives their humility as proper, "they had their own eloquence. And specified, they say, animals needed to the author only to show this first voluptuous Eve in the most advantageous light. Fable - so the name of the picture in the original sounds. In Russian translation, it is known under different names: "Legend", "Fairy Tale", "Bass". Only the reaction of the audience remains unchanged, which it is difficult to believe that it belongs to the brush of the most Gustav of Clima - the shocking eotoman, the genius and the "perverted decadener", as his fellow citizens called. But since that time a lot has changed - including his artistic style.

"He himself looked like a clumsy, not able to associate two words of idlers. But his hands were able to turn women in precious orchids who are out of the depths of magical sleep, "he remembered one of the familiar artists. True, her opinion was shared by all the contemporaries of Clima. After all, it is the "obscene" image of the female nude nature caused one of the loudest scandals in art. He occurred in Vienna seven years after the creation of Fable, on the eve of 1900, when a young painter presented to the public, and most importantly, customers - respectable professors of the Vienna University - Pictures "Philosophy", "Medicine" and "Jurisprudence": they were supposed Decorate the ceiling of the main building of the Temple of Sciences. Looking at the canvas, the scientists of the men were shocked by "ugliness and nagging" and immediately accused the author in "pornography, excessive perverse and demonstration of the triumph of darkness over the light." The crying case was discussed even in parliament! The admonitions of the professor of art of Franz von Viskooff, the only man who tried to protect Clima in the legendary lecture "What is ugly?", Nobody lost. As a result, the University of the University was not exhibited. However, this story helped Gustavu to make an important conclusion: creative independence is the only way to preserve identity. "Pretty censorship. I'll do my own. I want to free yourself. I want to get rid of all these bothering trifles, restraining my work, and return your work. I reject any state aid and orders. I refuse everything, "he said several years later in one of the interviews. And he turned to the government with a request to allow him to redeem operational work. "All attacks of criticism almost did not touch me at that time, and besides it was impossible to take away the happiness that I experienced, working on these works. In general, I am not very sensitive to attacks. But I get much more receptive if I understand that the one who ordered my work is dissatisfied with her. As in the case when the pictures are smeared, "he explained in an interview with a Vienna journalist. His request was satisfied with the government. Later, the paintings were included in private collections, but at the end of World War II were burned with the retreating troops of the SS in the castle Immerhof, where they were kept. Climt himself did not know about it, because all this happened when the masters were no longer alive.

Any art erotic.

Adolf Loos

Fortunately, then, in the 1900s, the reaction of the public did not coordinate his dust: he made a bet on the ladies - they brought him lustful freedom. Although the desire "boldly write Eve is a prototype of all women - in all imaginable poses, for which it is not an apple is the subject of temptation, and her body," he never disappeared, Gustavi chosen to earn, creating portraits of the life of the life of Viennese magnates. So the famous "Gallery of Women" appeared, who brought not only money to Clima, but also the glory: Sonya Books, Adel Bloch Bauer, Serena Lederier - Maestro knew how to please the flourishing citizens of Vienna. He portrayed their beloved infinitely charming, but with some raid arrogance. Approve once a lady from the highest society, these features, he repeated a reception. So "the fatal women, erotica and aesthetics" became the visiting card of Clima.

Fortunately in models - Nagih or closed in luxury clothes - the artist did not have a shortage. Although the legends were lighted about his lovingness, for twenty-seven years the faithful companion Gustav was Emilia Fleoga - a fashion designer and the owner of the fashion house. True, they said that only touching friendship was associated, and the pair relationship was exclusively Platonic. And yet it is believed that it is her and herself he imprinted in the famous "kiss".

Who is inspired by the features of beauty from Fable, probably will remain a mystery - one of those who loved to create climt so much. "Everyone who wants to learn anything about me as an artist," and that's all I'm interested, "he must carefully look at my paintings," he advised. Perhaps they really hid answers to all questions.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti "Venus Verticondi" 1864-1868. Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, Bournemouth

Dante Gabriel Rossetti became famous as one of the founders of the "Brotherhood of Pre-Fales", the original poet and the artist who created a series of erotic female portraits. And yet - with rapid eyes who exploded the Puritan society.

"If you knew him, you would love him, and he would love you - everyone who was familiar with him was passionate about them. He was not at all like other people," said Rossetti Jane Burden Morris, which throughout Many years have occupied a favorite woman and Dante model. But not only she ...

This story began in October 1857, when Jane and Sister Elizaven went to the London Drury Lane Theater. There she was noticed by Rossetti and his colleague Edward Burn-Jones. Contemporaries noted that Jenny - so began to call her prefather's friends - did not differ in traditional beauty, but attracted the attention of his dissimilarity to others. "What is this woman! It is beautiful in everything. Imagine a high, thin lady, in a long dress made of a muffled purple fabric, from a natural matter, with a dumping curly black hair, dropping by large waves on the temples, a small and pale face, big dark eyes, deep ... with dense black curved eyebrows . High open neck in pearls, and in the end - the perfection itself, "one of the acquaintances admired. It was very different from the "classic" secular young ladies - the fact that the imagination of Prerafaelites, who declared their unwillingness to follow the laws of academic painting. They say, noticing her, Rossetti exclaimed: "Awesome spectacle! Beauty!" And immediately offered the girl to pose. Other artists rated his choice and became in need of inviting Jane, in Maiden Burden, on their sessions. As the official muse of Prerafaelitis responded to this muse, Elizabeth Siddal, for many years wearing this title for many years, - it is easy to guess. After all, Lizzy, besides, was the civil wife of Rossetti: he promised their relationship to legalize. Everyone knew about this passionate and painful for both of the novel. As with the fact that Loving Dante all these years "was inspired" in the arms of other simulators. The experiences were sublinking poor health, which she in the full sense of the word sacrificed to art. They said that, posing in 1852 for the famous picture of John Mill "Ophelia", she spent a lot of water in a bath with water, depicting a drowned ocelie. The case happened in winter, and the lamp, heating water, went out. The girl was cold and seriously sick. It is assumed that for treatment it was discharged based on opium. To the credit of Dante, it is worth saying that he kept the word to her, marrying Lizzy in May 1860. And in February 1862 it did not become. Elizabeth died from Opium overdose, which he took to drown out pain: Shortly before that she lost a child, and Rossetti relations were smoldered. To find out whether her death was only a fatal randomness, and failed.

But time passed: Jane Burden was nearby. And although she was already his wife William Morris, "gentle" friendship with Rossetti continued. The legitimate spouse was higher than the conventions and the relationship did not obstruct. Perhaps he "focused" them? After all, the only picture completed by Morris - Jane in the image of the "Queen Ginevar": As you know, this lady was the wife of the King Arthur, which became, on one of the versions, his beloved Knight Lancelot. Whatever it was, it was Jane who returned Dante to life, awakening in it the desire to create. A few years later, he decided to publish his early poetic creations. Alas, Dream Chernivikov did not stay left, and then he made an act, which all London spoke about himself: he spent the exhumation and removed the lost manuscript once. "His sonnets are imbued with mystico-erotic content," the critics responded, and readers took with delight.

Life continued, and now Jane, as Oversabeth once, appeared almost on his canvas, thanks to which he entered the story of painting. However, whether its features are famous for the famous "Venus Verticondi" - "Venus, the resulting heart," remains a mystery. By the time Rossetti appeared another favorite model: the name was Alex Wilding, although everyone called her Alice. It is believed that in January 1868, this picture was rewritten with the Wilding face, although the housekeeper of the artist Fanny Corforth was initially posted for "Venus". Is it so - the mystery, one of those that Rossetti took with them. Surprisingly, the other: Venus Verticordia - the name of the ancient Roman cult and images of the Goddess Venus, "the opposing" heart of people "from lust to the chastity." And the work of the same name is not the only example of naked nature in the work of Rossetti. By the way, Miss Alex Wilding is also one of the few Dante Muses, with which Maestro did not associate love relationships.

Titian Veneer Venus Urbinskaya 1538 Gallery Uffizi, Florence

Venus Pudica - "Venus Chastry", "Shameful", "modest" - called similar images of the goddess of love Contemporaries Titian. "The girl on which from clothing is only a ring, bracelet and earrings, if he is confused, it is quite aware of his beauty," they talk about beauty today. And this story began 475 years ago.

When in the spring of 1538, the Duke of Gwidobaldo II Della Rovere sent a courier to Venice, he received a clear indication: not to return without cloths ordered from Titian. From the correspondence of the Duke, it is known that it was about the portrait of Gvidobaldo himself and a certain La Donna Nuda, "naked woman." As can be seen, the servant coped well with the instructions - Guidobaldo, who later became the Duke of Urbinsky, found the canvas, and nagging grace in the picture - a new name: "Venus Urbinskaya".

In Venice - all the excellence of beauty! I give the first place to her painting, whose knowledge is Titian.

Diego Velasquez

By that time, Titian Veverno, who was about fifty years, had long heard a famous master and wore the title of the first artist of the Venetian Republic. Eminate fellow citizens built in line, wanting to own their own portrait in his performance. "The artist of contemporaries depicted in amazing turnout, capturing the most different, sometimes controversial features of their characters: self-confidence, pride and dignity, suspicion, hypocrisy, falsehood," said art historians of the XIX century. "When you try to imagine Titian - you see a happy man, the happiest and prosperous, which ever was between him, who received only the same mercy and good luck from the sky ... The Kings, Daughters, Pavel III and all Italian sovereigns, filled with orders widely paid, receiving pensions and skillfully useful to their happiness. He holds a house on a wide leg, puffed up, invites cardinals, nobles, the greatest artists and the greeted scientists of his time to his table, "the French historian Hypolyte Ten is written about him at the beginning of the XIX century. That was probably the opinion of wealthy Venetians. They were probably wondered why this balovna destiny so few love adventures. True, only three female names are associated with him for a long life of Titian. Yes, and then two of them are most likely only to create a beautiful romantic history. It is known for certain: his wife was only the churchilia Soldano, on which he married in 1525, having lived with her before the wedding for several years in the "civil marriage". And in the 1530th she died, leaving her husband's husband. It is difficult to say whether he wrote portraits of the churchilis real or in the image of mythical beauties, but the memory of this woman kept. It is to him, the famous and famous evening, a love of the victory and loss, the Duke of Gwidobaldo turned ...

For almost half a thousand years since the appearance of the Tizian Goddess for light, art historians, probably, studied each touch on her luxurious body, but who served as a model, never learned. Someone believes that the young wife Gwidobaldo Julia Varano is depicted on the canvas. Others do not doubt: Maestro posed ... The mother of the duke Eleonor Gonzaga. In their assumptions, they refer to the similarity between the "Venus" and the portrait of Eleanora Brushes Titian and that the "one and the same dog that curled the ball" is depicted on both cants. Some of them on the shelves lay out each element surrounded by the lady, and all this, in their opinion, personifies the bonds of marriage. A bouquet of roses in the hand - the attribute of Venus, the dog at the feet is a symbol of dedication, and the maids near the lady with the outfits and flower in the opening window - to create an atmosphere of intimacy and warmth. They gladly dubbed the work "by an allegorical portrait of a famous aristocrat -" home goddess ", transmitting Venetian luxury and sensuality. Probably, Titian wanted to tell in his picture of sexuality in his picture, connecting an exciting erotic with the virtues of marriage and, above all, with the loyalty that the dog depicts, "they argue. Other typically assure, they say, on the bed in the interior of the duccian chambers - the lady of seating: Kurtyzanka. The representatives of this profession in the XVI century occupied the high social status and efforts of painters often remained in eternity. But now it does not matter. Other It is important: Titian's creativity spawned talented followers - Alberti, Tintoretto, Veronese. Herself "Venus Urbinskaya" after 325 years - in 1863 - inspired his younger colleague Eduard mana to create an amazing "Olympia". And the rest - and five hundred years later admire the talent of a genius kissed by God.

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This artist, who finished the Tver Art School in 1994, in the artist, an artist-designer, amazing the imagination with his extraordinary style and beautiful compositions.

It is the creator of truly unique illustrations with a retro-tint. Waldemar Cossack is an artist with a sense of humor, he has a special vision of everyday life, he knows how to laugh at everyday life, often fools over the meaning of children's fairy tales, over politicians and modern youth.

Modern illustrator artist works in a domestic genre with a cartoon bias. Characters from the Cossack works are difficult not to notice and not remember. All of them are very colorful, expressive, and bright.

His exciting compositions are filled with the style of post-war aesthetics, which has entered into their rights in the 50s of the twentieth century, retro shine manifests itself literally in everything: starting from the choice of the plot of the picture, and ending with the choice of color gamut.

That's what Valdemar Cossack himself speaks of his style:

Like any person (or artist), I have your own handwriting. But I am not a pea, because I'm afraid to go into manners. In addition, a bright individual letter is in demand by the market. Yes, actually it is and so everyone knows.

Stunningly bright, exciting, amazing art drawings in retro style Valdemaar Cossack will not leave anyone indifferent!

The Chinese artist and photographer Dun Hong-oach was born in 1929, and died in 2004 at the age of 75. He left behind the incredible work created in the style of pictorialism - amazing photos similar to the works of traditional Chinese painting.

Dong Hong-oach was born in 1929 in the city of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. He left the country seven years after the unexpected death of his parents.

As the youngest of 24 children, Dong went to live in the Chinese community in Saigon, Vietnam. Later he visited China several times, but never lived in this country anymore.

Upon arrival in Saigon Dong, the studio studio photographs Chinese immigrants. There he learned the basics of photography. He also loved photographing nature, which did often with the help of one of the cameras from the studio. In 1950, at the age of 21, he entered the Vietnamese National Art University.

In 1979, a bloody border was opened between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the People's Republic of China. Vietnamese government began a repressive policy against ethnic Chinese living in the country. As a result, the Dong became one of the millions of "boatmen", which fled from Vietnam in the late 70s - early 80s.

At the age of 50, not knowing English and having no one from native and friends in the US, Dong arrived in San Francisco. He was even able to purchase a small room for photographs.

Selling your photos on local street fairs, Dun was able to earn enough money to periodically return to China to picked up.

Moreover, he had the opportunity to study for some time under the leadership of Long Chin Sanya in Taiwan.

Lun Chin-San, who died in 1995 at the age of 104, developed a style of photograph based on the traditional Chinese image of nature.

For centuries, Chinese artists created majestic monochromatic landscapes using simple brushes and inks.

These paintings should not have been depicted in accuracy, they should have conveyed to the emotional atmosphere of nature. In recent years, the Empire Sun and at the beginning of the Empire yuan artists began to combine three on one canvas of various forms of art ... poetry, calligraphy and painting.

It was believed that this synthesis of forms allowed the artist to fully express himself.

Lun Chin-San, born in 1891, studied precisely this classical tradition in painting. At some point, his long career Lun began to experiment with the transfer of an impressionistic style of art to the photo.

Saving a multi-level approach to scale, it developed a negative bundle method, which corresponded to the three levels of remoteness. The moon taught this method of Duna.

Trying even closer to imitate traditional Chinese style, Dong added calligraphy to photos.

New work of the Danube, created on the basis of the ancient Chinese painting, began to attract the attention of critics in the 1990s.

He no longer needed to sell his photos on street fairs; Now he was represented by the agent, and his work began to sell in galleries throughout the United States, in Europe and Asia.

He no longer had to depend on individual clients; His works were now claimed not only by private collectors of works of art, but also corporate buyers and museums. He was about 60, when he for the first time in his life reached some level of financial success.

Pictorialism is a movement in the photograph, which appeared around 1885 after the extensive presentation of the process of photographs on an immenked printed form. The movement reached his peak at the very beginning of the 20th century, and the recession period fell in 1914, after the appearance and spread of modernism.

The terms "pictorialism" and "pictorialist" began to be widely applied after 1900.

Pictorialism comes into contact with the idea that the art photo should mimic painting and engraving of the century.

Most of these photos were black and white or in sopia shades. Among the methods used were: unstable focus, special filters and lens enlightenment, as well as exotic printing processes.

The purpose of such technicians was to achieve the "personal expression".

Despite this purpose of self-expression, the best of these photos went parallel to the style of the Impressionist, and not in the leg with modern painting.

Looking back, you can also see a close parallel between the composition and the picturesque object of genre paintings and photographs in the style of pictorialism.