Russian National Museum of Music. Museum of Music from scarmer to synthesizer
M Tsyu was opened in 1912 at the Moscow Conservatory. The museum funds are kept more than 900 rare musical instruments, personal archives of composers and performers, collections of photos and documents and a rich collection of painting.In 1912, a memorial museum named after Nikolai Rubinstein - conductor and founder of the Conservatory opened in the building of the Moscow Conservatory. Money on his discovery gave a Moscow homeowner and music lover Dmitry Belyaev. Among the few exhibits were, for example, a written table of Peter Tchaikovsky, portraits of the composer Anton Rubinstein and the patron of Dmitry Belyaeva, the collection of Central Asian tools and the Italian Lira-guitar of 1656.
Funds were replenished gradually. So, Modest Tchaikovsky, brother of the composer, presented a gypsum posthumous mask Peter Ilyich, and Sergey Beannsky's admirer sent a perepener of the composer's penny knife, which, however, was stolen in 1925. In the early 1930s, the museum was on the verge of closure. Then the difficult times came for the entire conservatory. But the museum was not closed, and in 1938, Ekaterina Alekseeva was appointed to the position of the head. With her arrival, the museum began to recover gradually. In 1943, at the height of the war, he received the status of a state, and in the late 1940s the name of Rubinstein finally disappeared from his name.
The music museum went beyond the memorial room at the conservatory and became an independent institution. In 1954, in connection with the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Glinka, he was assigned the name of the Great Composer. In 1982, the Museum moved to a new one, especially for him a built house on Fadeev Street.The museum led and keeps work to replenish its funds. Back in 1943, the director of Ekaterina Alekseeva entered into correspondence with Sergey Rakhmaninov, who was then living in the United States. The composer responded to a request to send some of his personal belongings for the museum and music. Two times Ekaterina Alekseeva traveled to the United States and from his second trip in 1970, together with the research studio of Creativity Rachmaninov Zarui Apetyan brought 20 boxes of exhibits for the museum.
In subsequent years, the museum received a variety of subjects associated with world musical culture as a gift. For example, belonging to the ballerina Anna Pavlova handwritten key (overlooked waller-orchestral work for piano) ballet or violin Stradivari, bequeathed David Oistrah Queen Belgium Elizabeth.
The main exposition of the museum is called "musical instruments of the peoples of the world." In five halls, more than 900 exhibits are exposed. In the department of Russian instruments, nine-tore huslies of the XIII century are presented, found in the excavations in Novgorod, the XIX century balalaiki, the old piano from St. Petersburg of the 1830-1870s, the shepherd horns and, of course, harmonics, who received distribution only in the 1830s. Curious Bashkir Flute Kurai, Chuvash Village Schebrus with a bull-bubble bag, Karelian string tool Kantele, similar to hussli and mentioned in the epic "Kalevala". The exposition of Central Asian tools consists mainly of the objects of the August Eichgorn collection, which served as a drop-mace of Russian military orchestras in the Turkestan Military District from 1870 to 1883.
In 2011, the Museum of Musical Culture was renamed to the All-Russian Museum Association of Music Culture. M. I. Glinka. Now in its composition five more memorial museums: Museum-Manor F. I. Shalyapin at Novinsky Boulevard, Museum "P. I. Tchaikovsky and Moscow »In Kudrinskaya Square, Museum-apartment of the composer and director of the conservatory A. B. Goldenveyuizer, Museum S. S. Prokofiev in the Chamber of Commerce Lane and Museum-Apartment of the Arizer and Composer N. S. Golovanov in Bryusov Lane.
The Music Culture Museum named after Glinka celebrates the 100th anniversary. Regarding the dating of its creation among specialists, there is, of course, disagreements: Is it possible to consider the museum by the successor of the museum N.G. Rubinstein at the Moscow Conservatory or did he actually be created in Soviet times? But musicians, musicians and simply visitors are happy by the fact of the existence of a museum of musical culture.
The museum is assigned to the category of particularly valuable objects of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation, in its foundations - about a million units of storage, as part of the museum - several buildings in Moscow, concert and exhibition halls. The museum has recently and the state collection of musical instruments.
And now - not about the anniversary. Tomorrow the museum will be closed for visitors - the site stated that for technical reasons. In fact, he is simply leased for a corporate amateur concert of the private school of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Concerts in the Music Museum, including children - no exception, and its usual activities, and visitors always have the opportunity to meet the exposure at the time when a concert is underway in the hall. Why for a concert of a children's studio needed to close the museum for all day, it remains only to guess.
Closing, in all likelihood, expects soon and another building in the jurisdiction of the Glinka Museum - a house at Kudrinskaya Square number 46, where PI lived. Tchaikovsky, and where is the museum that brings his name now. The building is planned to transfer the center of the cultural and historical heritage of Rostropovich and Vishnevskaya. The musical public is perplexed - Rostropovich, of course, the great cellist, but why evict Peter Ilyich or to reduce him to the position of the apartment in the center of Rostropovich? Musicians collect food signatures with an open appeal to Olga Rostropovich with a request to find another room for its foundation. http://www.onlinepetition.ru/tchaikovsky/Petition.html.
And many more questions causes the activities of the current director of the M. Museum Bryzhagova, Trumpecha in the formation and former Minister of Culture of the Saratov region. In Saratov, Mikhail Arkadyevich did not show any special advocacy on creative Niva, but showed himself an energetic leader, reorganizing the sphere entrusted to him. Here is just Saratov philharmonic for some reason burned down. It is difficult to understand what motives were guided in 2008. The Federal Agency for Culture, trusting this Honored Worker of the most valuable funds of the museum and treasures of the state collection of musical instruments included in the museum in recent years. Apparently, based on the successful experience of staying Mr. Bryzgalov at the head of Saratov culture, Mr. Shvydka was quite sure that the creations of Amati, Stradivari, Guardari and other invaluable treasures of world and domestic musical culture would fall into the reliable hands of a proven person.
http://redcollegia.ru/7871.html.
http://www.old.rsar.ru/articles/480.html
Currently, the Museum has liquidated scientific and educational and exposition departments, leading employees are dismissed - art historians with conservative education and scientists by degrees. A constant exposition dedicated to the history of Russian music is dismantled. The site contains an advertisement - employees need. Education is not lower than the average, citizenship of the Russian Federation. http://www.glinka.museum/about/vacancies/PHP.
Is the museum - a pipe?
Reviews of the Museum of Music Culture. M. I. Glinka
Lyudmila Milkina 01/03/2017 at 18:39
I got into this museum by chance: went down the street, I saw a bus stop with such a name. I think it means somewhere nearby, found the museum - and did not regret. I got into three exhibitions: "Sound and ... man, universe, game", musical instruments of different times and peoples and "dances of scrookhov" with drawings B. Messer. At first I went to an interactive exhibition about sounds. There was very interesting and children and adults. It was possible to listen to different sounds, it was possible to create different sounds, see how they affect the nature and man, and much, much more, which we do not know, but what is very interesting to know. The exhibition of instruments of different peoples and times at all stumbled me with the number and variety of these tools, some tools such a kind of form, which is not clear how they play and what they make sounds. And here, unfortunately, I again encountered the disease of all of our museums: the inscriptions about the exhibits academically dry and do not explain about them: the name, the date of manufacture, does not always indicate even the country from where he. There are, of course, banners with long boring texts that no one reads. People come to the museum to see! It would be very cool if at least about the most unusual tools were pictures (photos, drawings), which could be understood as they played, and if it would also listen to their sound - it would be just fantastic. By the way, black letters on the glass are practically not visible, so even those inscriptions that are not readable. In this museum there are various concerts. I took a ticket for one of them. I hope to become the constant guest of this museum. About the exhibition of drawings B. Messer A judge by my photo.
Lyudmila Milkina 01/03/2017 at 18:32
I got into this museum by chance: went down the street, I saw a bus stop with such a name. I think it means somewhere nearby, found the museum - and did not regret. I got into three exhibitions: "Sound and ... man, universe, game", musical instruments of different times and peoples and "dances of scrookhov" with drawings B. Messer. At first I went to an interactive exhibition about sounds. There was very interesting and children and adults. It was possible to listen to different sounds, it was possible to create different sounds, see how they affect the nature and man, and much, much more, which we do not know, but what is very interesting to know. The exhibition of instruments of different peoples and times at all stumbled me with the number and variety of these tools, some tools such a kind of form, which is not clear how they play and what they make sounds. And here, unfortunately, I again encountered the disease of all of our museums: the inscriptions about the exhibits academically dry and do not explain about them: the name, the date of manufacture, does not always indicate even the country from where he. There are, of course, banners with long boring texts that no one reads. People come to the museum to see! It would be very cool if at least about the most unusual tools were pictures (photos, drawings), which could be understood as they played, and if it would also listen to their sound - it would be just fantastic. By the way, black letters on the glass are practically not visible, so even those inscriptions that are not readable. In this museum there are various concerts. I took a ticket for one of them. I hope to become the constant guest of this museum.
Museum of Glinka, or the Central Museum of Musical Culture, demonstrates a huge collection of instruments of all eras and peoples, the number of exhibits of which is approaching thousand. From historical rarebacks to modern devices to extract sounds can be seen in this extensive assembly. The main building of the museum association is built specifically for this repository, the basis of which was the exhibits collected by enthusiasts from the Moscow Conservatory from the date of its foundation in 1866.
The lobby of the Museum of Glinka meets visitors by the Bust of the Great Composer, the tank and text quotes of the author of the patriotic song, for some time the former Russian anthem. The notes of this work are accompanied by informal text, which together with music claimed the status of a state symbol in the royal time.
Here, visitors get acquainted with the announcements of events, leave upper clothes, acquire entrance tickets to a permanent exhibition or thematic exhibitions. The main constant exposition is located on the 2nd floor, on the 3rd, temporary shows are organized on a variety of topics.
One of the remarkable exhibits is placed in the lobby, the recent acquisition of the Glinka Museum is European orchestrion. This mechanical tool recreates the sound of the instrumental orchestra, such devices were used in a number of European countries as musical accompaniment of dance events.
Musical instruments located on the front side of a peculiar orchestra are publishing characteristic sounds for them, accordions at the same time even demonstrate the movements of the fur. In Russia, such distribution tools did not have, the more interesting acquaintance with orchestrionon for our lovers of musical wonder.
The second floor, which enlists the main exposition of the Museum of Glinka, begins the spacious Hall, where various exhibitions dedicated to musical culture are held. The main decoration of the room is a picturesque color stained glass window, which is much larger on the outside of the building.
The massive staircase leads to the 3rd floor for visiting thematic temporary exposures. A composition of several bells resembles the role of a church ring as in the life of the Russian people and in the musical preferences of Glinka.
Also in the lobby is installed organ of the work of the German master of Laelegast, who since 1868 the descendant of the merchant kind of Khludovy, since 1868, the only preserved product of this master. Presented by the Moscow Conservatory and replaced several other owners, the tool was practically ruined.
The difficult restoration of the insides of the body was held in 1998 by Vilnius authority masters under the leadership of Guchassa. Now this tool is positioned as the oldest body in Russia, which has retained performance, and it is really used with organized by the Mrinka of organ concerts.
The permanent exposition of the Glinka Museum, telling about the history of origin and the wide variety of musical instruments of the peoples of the world, is located in five rooms of the second floor. Different colors of the background of the window of the showcases are clearly separated from each other. The division of halls representing the most ancient of the well-known tools is produced by geographical principle. A separate hall is allocated to European exhibits with division by country, the remaining continents are divided within another hall with the allocation of exposure of individual countries.
Then the halls represent the tools that differ in accessories to the brass or symphonic, shock and keyboard. Mechanical and electronic musical instruments are allocated, devices for recording sound and playback from various media.
Vintage European musical instruments
How correctly such a choice of the principle of demonstration of musical instruments is to be able to deal with professionals, but the differences in the method of extracting sound seem more principled and visual, rather than national and state. After all, the shape of the pipe, how much differences are great, it is still recognizable.
You can not confuse the drum or other percussion instruments. And the clarification of information about the place of origin of the exhibit, attributing it to a certain type of musical instruments and other details are still a majority of visitors is carried out by explanatory inscriptions.
Russian folk musical instruments are collected in the Glinka Museum in a large assortment and species diversity. Here, the tools of other peoples inhabiting the national republics as part of the Russian Federation. Impact tools are widely represented - after all, they apply the easiest, but diverse method for extracting sounds, from simple collisions of objects, for which even wooden spoons are used to crack different devices and execution.
Naturally, our ancestors had horns from cow horns and pipes from wood. Could craft removing sounds even from the canvas of a saw and braids blades, but it is rather from the area of \u200b\u200bthe musical eccentric. The main string tool of Russian people - the hussli used in Russia from time immemorial. Also, the string plug is a balalaika, with all the simplicity of the device, the virtuosos is performed on them any melodies. Finally, Russian harmonica is the main folk instrument for a long time
String tools of different peoples are visually similar, but the progenitor of all strings is the Scythian harp from the rest of the conifers. It does not yet have a resonant body and a grid, and a common feature is a way to extract sounds with the help of thumb into the string.
Plug-in string tools developed from ancient lyure and harp to lute, domra, mandolines, balalaiki and guitars, which preserved the greatest popularity to the present. Claviersis, piano and piano are also related to pinch string tools of shock action on the string, for which the keys come up with the drive system.
In an updated exposure, the European section is replenished with the tools of Belarusians and Ukrainians, Moldovan and Baltic peoples. As before, the tools of the countries of the Mediterranean and Scandinavia, Central and Eastern Europe are widely represented. String tools are exhibited both pinch and bow, with different forms of the resonant body and a bow. The simplest xylophones represent a group of shock tools.
In several modifications are pushing, which usually consider Scottish and Irish traditional tools. This is true, but other peoples used a similar device with air fur and tubes with the tongue formation of sounds. These are the French Muzett, Portuguese Gaita, Duda and Dudomesak of Eastern Europe.
Musical instruments of eastern countries
The countries of the East were the first to invented the bow to extract sounds from stretched strings, historians consider pioneers of the musicians living in the territory of the current Uzbekistan. From here, the bow came to China and India, in the Arab countries and from them to Pyrenees. A shepherd violin of three strings - Rabel, as well as a viola with a large number of strings. The last later were ousted by violins and their larger relatives. Oriental string tools are often characterized by longer griffs, although there are designs and short.
Big variety are distinguished wind and shock tools of eastern peoples. Bamboo trunks were often used for winds, other hollow plants stems. The percussion instruments were also made from tree trunks, hollowing out the core. The selected animal skins tensioned on the frames from various materials were used. In addition to stationary drums, manual drummers like tambourines were popular, sometimes supplemented with pubbeds.
The Japanese peculiarity of national clothing is much more important than the differences between Japanese musical instruments from all others. The percussion instruments of the Japanese were usually located on curly stands, various materials were used for enclosures, even porcelain and other ceramics. Close to traditional forms for other nations have string and wind instruments, and it is difficult to invent something excellent in these areas.
Eastern countries used for the manufacture of musical instruments various materials, from stone, wood and metal to silk, leather and even extended pumpkin shells. Special attention was paid to the external design of their products, their decorative attractiveness.
The painting and carving, traditional for each people, were decorated with musical instruments, precisely on these elements. It is easiest to identify xylophones, drums and other tools from other countries belonging to the culture of other countries.
Ancient treble workshop in the Glinka Museum
The creation of violins and other brook tools was long and is now the work of high complexity. Preparation of wood for different parts and parts of tools required the possession of many technological operations - cutting and drilling, measurements and various methods of connecting parts. The tools and devices necessary for these work are presented on the workbench of the violin wizard in the recreated interior of the workshop for the manufacture of musical instruments.
The masters of a violin business could make a product of any size, from violin and viola to cello and giant double bass. The violin could also be both classic sizes and twice and even four times less.
In the placed room restored in the Museum, you can see all the stages of manufacturing tools, from a wooden board to the finished violin or cello. You can consider all composite parts - the front and rear decoupie and connecting them to the shell, the neck with the subband and the jumper to lay the strings.
Classic Music Tools Museum Glinka
The tools used by modern musicians are represented by visitors of the Glinka Museum in several expositions. Components of symphony and brass orchestras are exhibited, accessories of musical ensembles of various composition. String - bow and keyboards are adjacent to wind, wooden and copper.
One of the museum corners contains genuine treasures - concert harp and collectible piano for home use. The perfectly balanced harp is stable on its small foundation, a resonator from the valuable tree is harmonized with the gilding of the column and cervix, the shape of which is especially despicable and attractive.
Show-windows of the bottom tools are located on the sides of the picturesque fabric depicting the greatest master of the game on the violin of the Genoese Niccolo Paganini. It was this violinist and the composer that developed the game technique for a violin, which remained almost unchanged to the present day.
In addition to the violin, Paganini owned the same impeccably mandolina and guitar. Popular compositions of the Great Artist, written both for violin and guitar. The most popular violinist competition in the world is held in the homeland of Paganini, in the Italian genome.
The showcase of classic wind instruments shows them in the order of increasing the size, first the varieties of wooden tools are presented, further - copper. Such a division is saved from ancient times and now does not correspond to reality - a group of wooden flutes, clarinets, goby and gadgets can be manufactured far from wood. They can be plastic and metal, flutes - even glass. Related by musicologists to Wooden on the principle of the Saxophone, which did not have an ancient analogs, was always made of metal.
On the other hand, copper instruments were made only from this metal only at the dawn of the metallurgy development, copper alloys or silver are now used. The copper tool group includes a pipe, horn, trombone and tube. Tools of this series have the increasing dimensions and complexity of the device. A somewhat mansion is a trombone having a movable scene for smooth change in the height of the sound.
Almost all wind instruments include, in addition to the brass bands, in symphony orchestras and ensembles. Dixielands and jazz collectives also use them.
The combination of stretched strings and shock mechanisms controlled by keyboard is characteristic of concert musical instruments to which the piano, piano and piano include. Part of the specialists consider piano and piano by the varieties of piano, characterized by the horizontal or vertical arrangement of the strings.
From the middle of the last century, only pianos and piano, traditional pianos, having less expressive possibilities due to lower strings, went to history. The piano is predominantly used in concert activity as a vocal support tool either independently, piano - for home or chamber musication.
We are demonstrated in the Museum of Glinka and the predecessors of the current keyboard tools, both strings and boring. The string includes a shock keycorder and tweezing harpsory, and the tongue fisharmonium is related to harmonics, bayans and accordions. The first tool with air furs was the desktop harmonica of Kirchner, who worked in Russia of Cech. Unlike her and the usual hand tools, the fur of the Fisharmonic was powered by foot pedals.
From scarmer to synthesizer
The last hall of the Glinka Museum presents several tools that are not included in the clip of the ensembles and orchestras, the ancient means of playing recorded sounds. Here are the unique exhibits, quite rare in the collections of museums and individuals. Among them there is a shaman, which many people are heard about, but not all visitors have seen.
The instrument on the device is a small organ, air discharge and the operation of the sound mechanism is ensured by the rotation of the handle on the housing. Sharmanns were used by stray musicians, their sounds accompanied the performances of the boalan circus artists.
The creation of the first recording and reproducing devices has a specific pioneer, they were the famous Edison inventor. In 1877, the phonograph designed in 1877 provided a record and reproduction of sounds of a sharp needle on the roller, wrapped with tin foil or wax paper covered.
The record on the flat circular plate was invented by Berliner, reproduced the sound with devices with an external vehicle - gramophone. The devices with hidden in the housing of the gun released the company PATE, hence the name of the patefone. Further sound recording was quickly: magnetic ribbons, laser discs, digital sound recording of high quality.
The rare photoelectric sound synthesizer ANS, called at the initials of the great composer Scriabin, invented Russian Murzin in the late 1930s of the last century, and was made only in 1963. The unusual sounds of this device can remember the viewers of the fantastic films of the Tarkovsky and Diamond Hand Guidai.
Music on it created a composer without writing notes and attracting the orchestra. Synthesizers also developed rapidly, with the invention of transistors, they have become compact and affordable. Now synthesizers have all the musical groups of various genres.
Another notable exhibit of the Museum of Glinka was the giant percussion installation of a musician and a composer, a tireless experimentator R. Shafi. Manual control of a similar complex complex of drums and drums is clearly impossible,
Shafi invented a unique pedal of control of the serpent Gorynych, which due to the number of serviced tools got into the Guinness book. There are in this section and other curious exhibits, including personal tools of famous musicians.
A visit to the Glinka Museum may seem optional after a story about him, but such an impression is extremely mistaken. There is a lot of interesting things here, it is difficult to describe in a quick review, there are new interesting forms of work with visitors. To visit it here's informative and interesting to people with any level of interest and understanding of music, after visiting, this interest will definitely increase.
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Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday: from 11.00 to 19.00. Thursday, Friday: from 12.00 to 21.00. Sunday: from 11.00 to 18.00.
Ticket price: entrance ticket to the exhibition for children (up to 16 years) - 200 rubles, an entrance ticket to an adult exhibition - 400 rubles a free day for visiting Olympiad participants - the first Tuesday of each month.
The Russian National Museum of Music is the largest treasury of monuments of musical culture, which has no analogues in the world. There is a unique collection of music and literary author's manuscripts, research on the history of culture, rare books, musicians. The Museum Museum Funds have about a million exhibits. Autographs, letters, photographs and various types of documents related to the life and work of Russian and foreign musical culture are concentrated in the branches. A special place is taken by the meeting of musical instruments of the peoples of the world. The funds of the Museum of Museum include a state collection of unique musical instruments: the largest collection of string instruments of masters of different countries and eras, among which the masterpieces of A. Stradivari, families Guarnery, Amati. Unique interactive cognitive exhibition project "Sound and ..."! The Music Museum continues to work the exhibition project "Sound and ... Universe, Man, Game ...". What do we know about sound? How it originates, what properties does it have, how does the person affect? On these and many other questions will be answered by the exhibition "Sound and ...", cheerful, and at the same time philosophical, thinking about the essence of sound and its manifestations. Do you want something unusual? To experiment with the drum installation of a saucepan and a half is offered at the "Musical Kitchen". I have long wanted to determine how the timbre is closer to your voice, Fedor Shalyapin, Muslim Magomaeva or Ivan Kozlovsky? Then you need to go to the exhibit "How do you like this timbre?" I wonder what happens behind the walls in the neighbors (eternal repairs, working vacuum cleaners, family quarrels, a game of violin, etc.)? It can be completely legally done using the exhibit "Oh, these neighbors!". Have you heard about such a phenomenon in musical culture like bitbox? You will be able to master the basics of this art by reviewing the video lessons of the professional bitboxer, and immediately apply the knowledge gained in practice. Do you dream to manage a real orchestra? There is nothing easier! Maestro himself Yuri Bashmet will give you a personal master class. Waving a conductor stick, you feel that the music is now in your power!