Consider toys belonging to different artistic. Ancient samples in modern folk toys

People's decorative art in our country is an organic part of the folk culture. Poetic images, emotions inherent in Him, Roads and are understandable to all people. It instills a sense of excellent, helps to form a harmoniously developed personality. Being based on long-time traditions, decorative art has a positive effect on the education of a person of the future. Works that are created by masters from the people are a reflection of love for native land, the ability to see and understand the beauty of the surrounding world.

Basic varieties of decorative art

For many centuries, home production in peasant families, and starting from the XVIII-XIX centuries and handicrafts, equipped cities and villages with a variety of clay, wood and metal, stuffed fabrics, ceramic and wooden toys, carpets, and others. The most popular And the cheerfulness of a tree, Dymkovsky figures and whistles from clay, Lukutinian painted lacquer boxes. Each of these items is a work of folk decorative art. Wooden gold - Khokhloma painting - causes great interest in Russia and abroad.

The distinctive fishery had in the Far East, Russian North, Siberia, in the Caucasus. Fame acquired a metal processing in Dagestan Cuba, a ceramic painting in Balkhara, a notch on the tree of silver Untsukul. People's decorative art, whose species are very diverse, presented in different parts of our huge country.

Vologda Lace - People's Decorative Art

Vologda Lace has gained popularity in European capitals at the end of the XVIII century. And in our time, many foreigners mistakenly believe that lace on the territory of Russia weave only in Vologda. In fact, Elets, Kirishi, Vyatka also have the reason to be proud of their products. Almost all of them possess their unique features. So, Mikhailovsky colored lace is very interesting. In our country they have gained no less popular than Vologda. Nevertheless, as hundreds of years ago, it is in Vologda for a snow-white miracle.

Openwork thread

Openwork carving decorates bone objects of small size: boxes, boxes, pendants, brooches. The work of folk decorative art - bone lace - so poetically called openwork threads.

Three varieties of the ornament were obtained the greatest distribution in the case of cutting on the bone:

• Geometric - plexus of direct and curves lines.
• Vegetable.
• Rocial - stylization of the shape of the sea shell.

The technique of openwork thread is used to create compositions based on ornament and plot. The raw material serves an ordinary cow bone.

Thin work on openwork thread requires special tools: nadfile, pins, klepikov, jigsaws.

Beading

Beading can be proud of a centuries-old history, like beads itself. Residents of ancient Egypt were the first to master the sophisticated mastery of weaving necklaces based on small colored balls from glass, and also decorated with their clothes. However, a truly bloomed beading in the city. During long years, Venice residents carefully kept the secrets of skill. Luxurious beads decorated wallets and handbags, shoes, clothes and other elegant things.

When the beads appeared in America, he replaced with traditional materials used by indigenous people. Here they were separated by the cradle, baskets, seelings, tobacker.

The peoples of the Far North were decorated with beaded embroidery of Unputa, fur coats, reindeer harness, hats.

Batik

Batik - tissue painting with their own hands using fixing compositions. The technique is based on the observation that rubber glue, paraffin when applied to the fabric do not let the paint through themselves.

There are several varieties of batik - nodule, hot, chibori, cold.

The name "Batik" Indonesian, which means "draw", "stroke", "cover drops".

This painting has been used by the peoples of India and Indonesia. In Europe, the batik came in the twentieth century.

Painted

The painting is one of the most ancient types of decorative art. It centuries were an organic part of the original culture and life of the people. This type of decorative art is widespread.

Here are some species of painting:

• Zhostovskaya painting is a famous Russian fishing, which appeared in the XIX century in the village of Zhostovo, not far from Moscow. It belongs to the most popular fishery where Russian folk painting is created. Famous Zhostovy trays are sampled by hand. Most often depict bouquets of flowers on a black background.
• Gorodetskaya painting - fishing, appeared in the middle of the XIX century in the city of Gorodets. The painting is characterized by brightness and conciseness. Themes of her - Stick figures, genre scenes, floral patterns. Decorated the doors, shutters, furniture, strands.
• Khokhloma painting is one of the oldest folk crafts. It originated in the XVII century in Khokhloma, not far from Nizhny Novgorod. Khokhloma painting is a decorative painting of wooden items, made on a golden background black, red, less often with green. After applying the drawing, the product is coated with a special composition and three-time treatment in the furnace, which allows to achieve a unique honey-golden color. Traditional for Khokhloma are rowan berries and strawberries of red, branches and flowers. Often in compositions appear animals, fish and birds, turning made into the true work of popular decorative art. Wood gold - so often called a khokhloma painting.

We will get acquainted with the various subjects of folk crafts used in kindergarten for the development of children.

Dymkovo toy

Products of Kirov masters amazes with bright patterns, non-standard proportions and shape. Everybody is delighted with elegant, wonderful decorated and painted barynie francs, pony, roosters, goats. The first Dymkov toys appeared in 1811. On Vyatka holiday sold clay dolls with painting. Clay toys made masters of the village of Dymkovo. They were engaged in this with their families.

Now the factory producing Dymkov toys, works in Kirov.

Filimonovskaya toy

No less fame is the center of folk fishing in the village of Filimonovo under Tula, where wonderful clay toys are born. People and animals made by masters are characterized by the fancy of the form and great expressiveness. These are peasants, ladies, soldiers, cows, riders on horseback, rams. Filimon toys cannot be confused with others, as they carry their unique features in the form of modeling and painting. They play all the colors of the rainbow.

A child who saw a Filimonovsky toy, having a non-standard color and shape, awakens a creative start.

Kargopol toy

Kargopol is an ancient city whose residents have long been engaged in a pottery. Preferably they made dishes, but some masters were engaged in a clay toy. True, in 1930, the fishery came into decline. Restoration of cargopol workshops occurred in 1967.

Cargopol toys look sharp on the background of bright Dymkov and Filimonovsky. Color gamut make up brown, black and dark green colors. There are many funny images, simple, but at the same time breathing warmth and humor. These are women-peasants, bearded men, dolls with ribs.

Gzhel's dishes

Not far from Moscow is the village of Gzhel. From the 14th century they were engaged in a pottery. Among the dishes, which were produced by Keyman, - plates and toys, which are painted by brown and yellowish-green paints for ceramics. Now porcelain products released in Gzhel have world glory. The reason for this is the uniqueness of the shape and pattern. Gzhel porcelain is characterized by a blue painting made on a white background. True, Syane is not homogeneous. If you look closely, you can detect the finest shades and halftones, imposing thoughts about the blue sky, river and lake water. In addition to the dishes in Gzheli produce toys and a small sculpture. All that the masters do is striking the harmony of content and forms. This is a real work of popular decorative art. Gzhel acquire dreams each.

Decorative art in kindergarten

The art of people's masters is the property not only for adults. It is important and children who can enthusiastically play and with matryrs from a tree, and with clay toys of Kirov craftsmen. The art of the people awakens the guys of interest the originality of designs, figurativeness and colorfulness. It is clear to children, as its content is simple and concise, but at the same time opens the beauty of the world surrounding it in front of the child. Here and loved fabulous images of animals, which are made of clay or wood, and ornaments with flowers, berries and leaves, more than once visible in life. Masters engaged in the manufacture of clay toys often paint their works by an ornament from geometric shapes: stripes, rings, circles. These drawings also find an understanding of the kids. All clay and wooden products in kindergartens are not only an interior decoration. The guys led by an experienced teacher, the guys carefully look closely, engaged in their drawing and modeling based on samples of folk products.

People's decorative art in kindergarten enters the life of babies, delivering them joy, expanding the horizons, providing a positive effect on an artistic taste. In pre-school educational institutions there must be a sufficient number of folk fishery products. This allows you to decorate the interiors of groups, updating them after a while. Artistic products are shown to children when conversations about folk crafts are underway. All similar items need to be stored in the cabinets of the Cabinet Pedagogy. They must constantly replenish and distributed to the fishery. Younger children need to acquire fun toys, accurate wooden toys. The guys of the middle group will be better suitable for Filimonov and Kargopol. Senior groups are available all types of folk toys, including clay and wooden.

Decorative modeling in a kindergarten provides for the creation of dishes, various figures on the topics of folk toys. In addition, children can produce small decorations for dolls, souvenirs for mothers, grandmothers and sisters for the holiday of March 8.

Under the influence of classes with objects of folk crafts, children are more deeply and interested in the illustrations on the topics of Russian toys, the wealth of their topics spill the imagination of the child during the clamping, making the riche of his knowledge about the world that surrounds it. Classes with use as illustrations of items of folk creativity make it possible to develop the mind of the kids.

However, the positive effect of this is achieved only if children are systematically and systematically acquainted with the objects of decorative and applied art. Based on the knowledge gained, they create decorative work with their own hands. They are invited to reproduce the work of folk decorative art (any). Photo, if not in the presence of the work itself, will help the child to imagine that it will draw or sculpt.

The desire of children to make the creation of beautiful items is largely determined by the careman's attention to these issues. He must have information about popular fishers, be aware of the history of their appearance. If the teacher knows what folk fishing can be attributed to one or another toy, and it can be interesting to tell about masters doing these toys, the children will be interested, and they will have a desire to engage in creativity.

Fine art in junior classes

People's decorative art in the project activities of younger schoolchildren allows children to return to the origins of the folk culture, to the spiritual heritage. In the modern world, the study of the wealth of national culture is the most important task of moral education of children, turning them into patriots of their country. The soul of the nation is embodied in folk fishers, the historical memory of generations is awakened. Rail a full-fledged personality, develop its moral potential, the aesthetic taste of children can not if the conversations about creativity will be reduced to abstract reasoning. After all, the works of craftsmen are an illustration of the best qualities of a folk nature: this is the awakening of respect for your own history and traditions, love for the homeland as a whole and to the place where it was born in particular, modesty, the desire for the beautiful, feeling of harmony.

How to organize an educational process so that the love of the Motherland is not just a beautiful phrase, but did the inner essence of the younger generation cost? What can be taken if there are no performances revealing vividly and shaped the theme of patriotism? This issue is definitely a comprehensive approach is required. Must decide systemically.

In order for the child to understand what is being discussed, it is proposed in the lesson to consider the work of popular decorative art (any). An example of such a work will help to understand the question.

The modern era requires appeal to the very sources of art. Storage, multiplication of folk creativity, the development of its traditions - such difficult tasks are facing teachers, educators, artists.

Fine art in high school

As children, children begin to get more and more, what is a work of popular decorative art. Grade 6 also systemically studies this question.

The working program for the study of visual arts in grade 6 provides three main types of creative activities:

1. Fine work (painting, drawing).
2. Decorative creativity (ornaments, painting, appliqués).
3. Observation of the outside world (conversation).

These varieties allow children to get acquainted with the spheres of artistic creativity. Already during the dating it becomes clear how closely these directions are interrelated and as noticeable they complement each other in the process of solving the tasks that are supplied by the program. Detailed analysis must be subjected to every product of folk decorative art. Grade 6 is the time for the development of artistic taste.

Fine art is taught at school in close connection with other objects. It uses knowledge that is derived from the study of literature, music, Russian, history, technology, biology. This makes it possible to understand the practical meaning of the lessons of visual art, their vital necessity. In a course of literature, such a topic is also studied as "the work of people's decorative art." An essay (grade 6) allows the student to show the knowledge of the subject. Children appreciate the products of folk craftsmen. They must compile a work plan and describe the work of popular decorative art (any). 5-6 sentences for each point of the plan will be enough.

People's decorative art and Russia

Both Tatarstan and other regions of Russia touched folk art. Tatar decorative creativity is bright and multifaceted. It goes to its roots in the long-standing times of paganism - the VII-VIII century. In Kazan Khanate and Volga Bulgaria, the development of art went in line with Islamic traditions. The leading direction was a variety of patterns of the pattern widely manifest itself in various types of Tatar art. Ornaments decorate embroidery, wood thread and stone, ceramics, jewelry, calligraphy. Zoomorphic style was widespread in the articles of the Masters of the Bulgaria of the pagan time.

A feature of Russian decorative art is its massive character. In Russia, decorative art most often anonymously. Gambes furniture and Faberge jewelry, rather, exception than the rule. Unnamed masters created masterpieces of mural, weaving, dishes and toys. Russian art production can be proud of creating great values \u200b\u200bin various fields.

The first evidence of the high development of blacksmith and jewelry can be found in the Scythians and tribes that lived in the territories extending from the Black Sea to Siberia. Here the advantage was given to Scythian beast style. Northern Slavs, contacting the inhabitants of Scandinavia, in the ornament included fragments of human and animal bodies that are bizarrely intertwined. In the Urals, the Ural-Finnish tribes did amulets with images of bears and wolves made of wood, stone or bronze.

Throughout Russia, there were many icon-painted workshops. In Paleh, the Ivanovo region developed the thinnest folk fairy tales and songs on black lacques. From the ancient Byzantium to us, the filigree art of chasing, grain, blacks, carved openwork works on wood and bones came to us. In the XVII century, decorative art has developed in developed artistic production. This is the Rostov painted enamel, the Nizhny Novgorod carving on the outstands, the blackness of silver in Veliky Ustyug. The works of folk masters of decorative art were decorated with palaces and temples.

Western European things are included in Petrovsky: Upholstered furniture, faience. Since the XVIII century, mirrors begin to be widely used. M. V. Lomonosov mastered the art of glass production, mirrors and mosaic smalts. Talented architects of the XVIII and early XIX century developed projects of items of decorative interior decoration. Some architects of that era began their creative way from decorator work, for example Rossi and Voronichin. The imperial courtyard and the highest to know Russia have provided with numerous orders for private enterprises that managed to achieve vertices of skill. Such enterprises include Kuznetsovsky fauces of fauces and porcelain, Popovsky Porcelain factory.

The study of folk art and folk fishers shows that popularization of works of folk creativity affects both adults and children. It brings up aesthetic taste, contributes to the emergence of spiritual needs, causes a sense of national pride and humanity. After all, amazing colorful items are created by folk masters, people whom Nature gave talent, fantasy and kindness.

Technological card lesson according to the requirements of GEF

according to visual art in grade 5

"Ancient images in modern

folk toys "

fine art teacher

MBOU SOSH №4 G. Gus - Crystal

Rakislova Olga Yuryevna

Subject area: Fine art (author B.M. Nemensky)

Class : 5

Subject: "Ancient images in modern folk toys"

Purpose: Formation of educational competencies (information, communicative, reflexive, etc.) of grade 5 students in the subject area "Fine Arts" on the topic: "Ancient images in modern folk toys"

Tasks achievementpersonal Learning results:

Activation of educational cognitive activity

Development of shallow motility of hands, eyelasor, analytical thinking, figurative imagination, artistic taste.

Formation of love for folk art

Tasks achievementmetaPered learning results:

The formation of the ability to work with new information on the topic (select, highlight, build in logic, generalize);

The formation of the ability to distinguish between various types of folk toys, classify (cognitive Wood);

Formation of the ability to listen and hear, build speech statements;

The formation of skills to work in static creative groups (Communicative Woods);

Formation of initial forms of reflection (regulatory UUD).

Tasks achievementsubject learning results:

Mastering knowledge on the topic: "Ancient images in modern folk toys."

Key questions for children: "What distinguishes clay toys belonging to different art crafts, and what about them in common?"

Equipment lesson

PC teacher, multimedia equipment, presentation, samples of folk toys,plastic material and skidding for modeling, napkin for hands.

Stage lesson

Teacher's activities

Activities of students

Formulated Wood

Organizational

Control, for the organization of the workplace of students, formation of groups

Students are searched by groups

Communicative

Activation

Songs a fragment of the song V. Leontiev "Fair»

Slide number 1 "Fair of folk toys". Message that today in the lesson we will go to the folk toy fair

Development of emotionally moral responsiveness

Personal

Actualization of reference knowledge

In previous lessons, we met an ancient images that fill the life of Russian people. What are these images? (female figure, horse, tree of life, bird)What are the objects decorated with ancient images?

What symbols were used to decorate housing, costume and household items?Slide number 2 "Ancient images in folk art"

Respond to the questions

Regulatory

Ability to formulate knowledge

Motivation of training activities

There is an amazing profession that has come to us since a long time and existing so far is toy masts. In ancient times, clay toys were created not only for fun, but also as part of ancient rites. They were given to each other for the holidays and filled their home. Toys have a magical strength and in the representation of our ancestors, protected people from any evil.

The clay toy live images already familiar to you: a horse, a bird, a woman living in the memory of the people and continuing his traditions.

The shape of the toys is very plastic and generalized, but still in different places of the vast Russia, artists originally approached the creation of her image.

In our fair, the four main pavilions in which Dymkovskaya, Abashevsky Filimonovskaya and Kargopol toys are represented.Slide№3 (folk clay toys)

Our task is to learn them to distinguish them, sculpt and decorate.

But first, let's define, in which pavilion every group was.

Text (Appendix 1) is distributed

Consider the toys that each group received, and according to the description determine its belonging to a certain folk fishery.

Regulatory

Learn to listen to questions, reflect, analyze.

Actualization of knowledge.

Generalization and systematization of knowledge

And now let's analyze the distinctive features of folk clay toys from Dymkovo, Filimonovo, Kargopol and Abashevo filling the table.

slide 4 ( The table is displayed on the screen and filled in accordance with the answers of students)

Each group allocates in the text of the form, ornament and

basic colors used.

Cognitive, regulatory

Communicative.

Application of knowledge and skills

And now I suggest playing toys.

For each group, own game - Task

1group - Appendix 2

2group - Appendix 3

3group - Appendix 4

4group - Appendix 5

Each group applies previously obtained artistic skills,

Perform the cat

Regulatory

Communicative

Mastering assimilation checks performed tasks

Check jobs performed, discussion of mistakes, their correction

appendix 2 - Slide number 5

appendix 3 - Slide number 6

appendix 4 - Slide number 7

appendix 5 - Slide number 8

Read the answers

Comment them

Regulatory: Development of the ability to comprehend the information obtained, the formation of the ability to analyze

Practical work

The topic of today's lesson you learned well, well done.

And now I suggest you to visit the roles of masters and try to create a plastic form of a folk toy, but without copying, but bringing something new in it, your own.

Slide 9 (Plasticine Trees)

Russian folk naigry

Consider accepting work on

presentations

Independently work each over your way toys

Cognitive, regulatory

Communicative.

Reflection

Homework

Today you met with four types of folk clay toys. What kind of toys did you like more? What toy would you like to have at home?

Homework: cover toy white gouache. And to repeat what the symbols of the national ornament are

Give the answer

Record homework

Regulatory

Predicted result: Know the origins of folk crafts: Dymkovo, Filimonovo, Kargopol, Abashevo and be able to distinguish them in stylistic features. Cut out the form of a folk toy and prepare it for decoration.

Attachment 1

Dymkovo toy . In the long-standing time of the Master of the Dymkovskaya Sloboda under Vyatka (now the Kirov region), they were led from clay toys: a lamp under umbrella, ruddy cavaliers, horses, bears, deer, claropes and roosters.

The shape of the figure is monolithic, the silhouette is characterized by soft smoothness and roundness.

Most toys were whistles, painted them in white clay with multi-colored stripes and lines, rings and dots, circles, similar to flowers. Affectionately this toy is called - haze.
The painting of it is elegant and decorative. On a white background very brightly sparkling raspberry, blue, green, yellow-orange color.

Filimonovsky toy. Surprisingly beautiful and varied clay toys from the village of Filimonovo Tula region. Baryni, riders, horses, deer, rams, roosters - form a fun, bright round dance. Toys have an elongated proportion, they look elegant, slim baryni with thin waists felt in flavored skirts and flirty hats; Gracefully pulled out an unusually long neck deer with mighty horns; Locho jumps in the predominal pose rider. And every figure is also whistle.

Cover toys in a wonderful pattern, these are alternating strips, points, circles, ovals, triangles; Often depicts a branching "Christmas tree", a radiant "asterisk" or bright "sunshine" the main colors used in the painting - yellow, red, green.

Kargopol toy - This toy from the Arkhangelsk region, from Kargopol.
The subject of it is borrowed from folk life. Masters create women's figures,

grandfather-Lesovikov, Paramen, Harmonists.Here and the Polcan is a fabulous monster,

in which the head and hands of a person with a horse's body joined.Bear, other animals and birds are invariably.. Toys squumbders; they seem clumsy and heavy
The painting of Kargopol toys is very expressive and simple. Symbols of the Sun are large fiery circles, crosses, rings, grain motifs, bread bumps and plants branches. All these elements are depicted in natural colors close to natural natural shades - black, red, yellow, pale green, blue colors.

Abashev toy Rod from the village of Abashevo Penza region
Abashev toy iswhistlesdepicting animals often hostfabulous look. Figures have an extended torso with short, widely placed legs and a long elegant neck. On a small, carefully glued head, deeply scratched eyes are distinguished.
Headkozlov., deer, baranov crowned curved, sometimes multi-tiered horns.
Whistles painted bright enamel paints -blue, green,red. Separate details, such as horns, can be paintedsilver orgOLD.

Slide number 4.

View of toys

Region

The form

Ornament of painting

Primary colors

Filimonovskaya

Dymkovskaya

Kargopolskaya

Abashevskaya

The table is displayed on the screen and filled in accordance with the answers of students

View of toys

Region

The form

Ornament of painting

Primary colors

Filimonovskaya

Tula

Have elongated proportions, soft outlines, they look elegant, slender

alternating strips, points, circles, ovals, triangles;

often depicted
branchy "Christmas tree", radiant "asterisk"

or bright "sunshine"

red, yellow, green

Dymkovskaya

Kirovskaya

The shape of the figure is monolithic, the silhouette is characterized by soft smoothness and roundness

They painted them in white clay with multi-colored stripes and lines, rings and dots, circles, similar to flowers.

raspberry, blue, green,

yellow-orange color.

Kargopolskaya

Arkhangelskaya

Squathers; they seem clumsy and heavy

Sun symbols - big circles, crosses, rings, grain motifs, bread bumps and sprigs of plants.

black, Red, Yellow, Blue,

pale green

Abashevskaya

Penza

Figures have an extended torso with short, widely placed legs and a long elegant neck.

No ornamental decoration

blue, green, red separate details, such as horns, can be paintedsilver orgOLD.

The most pressing care
Everybody and crafts -
It is to new work
Better was previously done.

• educational:acquaintance with the ancient folk toy, the vitality of these images in the modern folk clay toy;
• developing: develop the ability of variable applications, decorative painting techniques; seek unity of the form and decor in children's toys; Continue to improve the ability to work collectively, rejoice in the results of collective work. Formation of work skills with plastic material;
• educational: Rail up love of folk art, emotional responsiveness on the works of masters from the famous centers of folk crafts. Promoting the formation of art taste.

Literature:

1. L.A. Latin "Images of folk art."
2. Encyclopedic dictionary of a young artist.
3. Journal "Art" 1983/2.
4. ON THE. Goryola "Decorative and applied art in a person's life."

Spectal:

• posters and illustrations with the image of clay toys.
• creative students.
• tables with examples of the main elements of the painting of folk clay toys of different crafts.

Musical Row:

• merry folk music
• naughty couples.

Materials:

• clay for children's creativity or plasticine,
• stacks,
• water-emulsion paint for primer.

Leading method: Lesson studying new material with integration elements; It uses an explanatory0 illustrative method as part of a problem learning method.

During the classes

Organizing time...

I. Actualization of knowledge. Motivation.

There is one amazing profession, which people dedicate all their lives - these are toy masts, or just toy.

The origins of the manufacture of toys lead us to the depths of the centuries.

What material did toys in ancient times did?

Toys were made of wood - dolls, horses - catal colors, woven from rods, collected from pins of rattles, barking balls and boxes. Today we will talk about the clay folk toy today. In the distant past, she may have had a religious meaning. It is known, for example, that Vyniki met the God of the Sun to Yaril's singing of clay twists, and the magical patterns on toys and a piercing whistle were distilled off evil forces from the soul of the deceased.

The whistle - it is also called in different places with a petotor, Hudook, Ulutka, Solovie - ancient and still popular toy in Russia.

II. Studying a new material.

Look at modern folk toys - and you will notice that they live the same images. This is a horse, bird, baba. They live the memory of the people, his ancient traditions.

Consider toys of different crafts.

Try to find what distinguishes them from each other.

Filimonovsky toy.

The village of Filimonovo in the Tula region is the famous center for the production of these toys. Filimon toys elongated proportions, they look slim, elegant. These toys are sealed from white, with a bluish clay shade.

Filimonovsky toys almost always with a whistle.

Images of toys: High slender peasants are often kept in their hands: a child or a whistling chicken. Men's face figures, long-legged, slightly funny.

A variety of animals are whistles: kinks, cows, rams, chicken birds and some unprecedented, fantastic creatures.

Colors: Raspberry-red, yellow and emerald green.

Ornament: alternating rainbow stripes, Christmas trees, mug.

Place toys, as before, chickenframe.

All Filimon Masters are able to work "LIBE". "Lyubbish" is such a scene. Dance, lighten, find out the relationship of the couple. Everyone has its own. They all together. To live anyone!

Dymkovo toy.

The most famous clay toy. She was born in the Dimkovskaya Sloboda, the relatives of the city of Kirov. In the old days in the bazaars, the holidays were arranged - fairs, which were called "whistle" or "whistles". Holiday entertainment were clay toys - whistles. The peasants looked them from red local clay and burned in the furnaces.

Images of toys: Deficted Schegolias, Nannies - "Kormalki" with children in their arms, dashing riders, horses, important turkeys, and other images.

Colors: Yellow, blue, red, green, white in background and black colors.

Ornament: geometric (circles, ovals, cells, strips, points).

In the guise of Dymkovsky toys involuntarily finds the nature of the places where these amazing works of art were born. Involuntically imagine snowy drifts. On the frost of the face of people decorates a blush. Against the background of lighted snow, the color of clothing sounds especially brightly.

Abashev toy.

Abashev whistles - Penza pride. Master from the village Abashevo Timofey Fedorovich Skin died in 1991, but the abashev toy is not died and continues to live.

Images of toys: the amazing world of fantastic animals. Cows, bulls, goats and rams are all short-legged, with long necks, with huge sparkling gold and silver horns.

Colors: red, blue, green, pink, gold and silver

Ornament: Characteristic feature - scales, dark single kel, and on it).

What is common between clay toys belonging to different art crafts?

III. Conclusions.

No one remembers when the clay toys began to make for the first time. But today these fishers live, and the beautiful art of folk craftsmen continues to live with them. It turns a gray day into a colorful, childish magic. Stakes those who forgot about the happiest world minutes: knowledge, towering smart work, meetings with cute, friendly people with us, touching the living being - beast, bird, grass, leaves. Learn to amazed to the world.

IV. Application of knowledge.

Create your image toys from clay or plasticine. You can make it similar to Abashevsk, Filimonovskaya or Dymkovskaya. Try to make the shape of a toy with a smooth surface prepared for decoration.

V. Analysis of student work. Homework.

Bring materials necessary for painting clay toys (gouache, tassels, plow glue).

Ready toys can be used to design a school thematic exhibition.

according to the visual arts of the second-generation GEF on the topic "Ancient images in modern folk toys" Type of lesson Combined lesson Technology construction of the lesson The problem of the problem of the lesson in modern folk toys The purpose of the lesson is the formation of spiritual development; The education of citizenship and patriotism, love of the Motherland on the example of the study of leading folk crafts; Increasing interest in decorative fowel art, careful attitude towards the traditions of the people; The development of the artistic taste of students is to learn to see the beauty and expressiveness of the figurative transfer of life in the toys of the remote past and modernity; The formation of skills to navigate in its knowledge system: to distinguish a new one from the already known; Get new knowledge: find answers to questions using a textbook, your own life experience and information obtained in the lesson. Basic terms, concepts Kargopol, Filimonovo, Dimkovo, toy, artel, folk fishing, painting, burned clay planned result Personal to form: respect for the culture and art of their country Holistic worldview Communicative competence in communicating with peers The need for independent practical creative activity self-esteem based on the success of the Specificity of Educational Activity MetaPeredMet

To be able to determine and formulate a goal in the lesson, to work according to plan, evaluate the correctness of the action at the level of adequate retroper aspectative assessment, plan its actions in accordance with the task, to express their assumption (regulatory UUD); To be able to make up your thoughts orally, listen and hear a partner (communicative Wood) to be focused on your knowledge system: to distinguish a new one from the already known, mined new knowledge: to find answers to questions, using a textbook, your life experience, and information obtained on LESSON (Cognitive Wood). Subject to be able to compare, evaluate the form, decor of toys belonging to various art crafts, to recognize and call toys of leading folk crafts; carry out their own artistic design related to the creation of an expressive form in support on folk traditions; To master the basic elements of the national ornament characteristic of one or another fishery and the features of the color solution Front work work in groups. Individual work Tutorial for grade 5 visual art. "Decorative Pretty Art in Human Life", Authors N.A. Goryeva, O.V. Sostrovskaya Samples of clay toys (Kargopol, Filimonovskaya, Dymkovskaya), Tables with painting samples, Computer presentation, Toy patterns, paints. Stages of the lesson Teacher's activities Activities of students Formable skills Motivation of educational activities.

Objectives: to actualize the requirements for the disciple on the part of educational activities; Creating conditions for the emergence of students in the domestic need for inclusion in training activities; establish thematic frames; Specify the type of lesson and outline the steps of training activities. Knowledge of knowledge and fixation of individual difficulties in the trial action. Objectives: to organize execution of a trial learning action. Organize fixation by students of individual difficulty Detection of the place and the reason for the obstacles of the goal: to identify the place of difficulty building a project to exit difficulties. Objectives: Create motivation to build an exit project from difficulty. Opening of new knowledge goals: Organize learning to students

the method of action with pronouncement in external speech is a circuit in the knowledge and repetition system. Objectives: to organize execution of students in independent work on the textbook to search for information on the lesson. Independent work. Objectives: Organize execution of independent work on new knowledge; Organize self-test on the standard, self-assessment reflection of educational activities in the lesson. Objectives: fix the new lesson content; Organize reflection and self-esteem with students of their own training activities and assistance to students in preparation for the lesson. during the classes. Hello guys! Check how your workplace is organized, remove everything from the desk. Very often for events and for every day, we do not remember old days, we forget about it. Although the flights to the moon are more familiar to us, remember the Russian customs, let us remember our old. Not accidentally exhibited in the class of work of folk art. At today's lesson, we will consolidate knowledge of folk toys and generalize our ideas about folk traditions to decorate our life and give the joy to other people. The topic of the lesson "Ancient images in modern folk toys"

Consider toys of different crafts and try to find what distinguishes them from each other. Please note that all clay toys have a generalized shape, very plastic, and are painted by traditional ornament. Ancient signs of the ornament, which are covered with toys, can be found in embroidery, and in painting, and in other works of folk art. We will consider today three production center and painting clay toys. And we will help us to deal with our masters of toy. Material for students Dymkovsky toy This toy is called "Dymkov" at the place of origin. From the shores of the river Vyatka, on which the city of Kirov is visible to the Zarechny Slobod. In winter, the stoves were treated, and in the summer they often stood fogs. Sloboda was in the haze. So I called it - Dymkovo. Hence the name toys. She is also affectionately called "haze." At the beginning there were toys - whistles. People gathered for a walk, spring to meet, wish the winter. Slash, drown on the street. So the spring cucklied the bird, you are green, you are flying behind a blue sea you take the keys to spring closames Winter - Summary Summer. Flared from clay toy was burned in the oven. Then they blenel with chalk divided into milk. And painted with paints, mounted on egg yolk, such a pattern: mugs, straight and wavy lines, cells, stains, points. Paint bright - bright: yellow, blue, green, red, raspberry, black. Let's see it. (Slide demonstration). What does this pattern mean? Circles of sunshine - symbol of life. Points, crosses - the beginning of life - man. Squares with dots in the snowy field. Squares dwelling line - peace, water. Many fiction and fantasy among folk craftsmen. For example, the Dymkovian turkey, not an turkey, and the heat is a bird.

Filimon toy and now look at this beauty. On local legend, the founder of the village (in the time of Ivan the Terrible) was Potter Filimon. From here and Filimonovo. So, the name of the toy, what? What do these toys differ from Dymkovsky? Of course, painting, it is very bold. And what else? True, they have elongated proportions. All animals are strongly elongated neck. Cows are like giraffes, bears are similar to Zmeigornych. It's all about clay. Filimonians call her sinic for oil and fatty. When modeling clay dries, and toys are quickly covered with cracks. It is necessary to constantly burn the cracks with a wet hand, unwittingly narrowing and pulling the torso. After firing the toy becomes Belorozova. Here and the painting begins. Yes, not a brush, but a goose pen. From the tassels paint to clean clay does not stick. What pattern are Filimonovsky toys are decorated? Yes, mostly is stripes. No strict geometric painting. This is a combination of colored stripes, points, circles, ovals, stars, triangles. Details of painting can be deciphered. Circle is the Sun, Triangles Earth, Christmas Eve and Sprouts This is a symbol of vegetation and life. All patterns remind us of human and nature connections. Pay attention to all toys. And where is the whistle? True, in the tail of animals and birds. Place such toys aniline paints, mounted on egg yolk. The three main colors are used: red, yellow, blue. Sometimes applied purple and green. Kargopol toy. Her homeland is Russian north. Cargopol district of the Arkhangelsk region. Toys seem clumsy and heavy. Bolshable, with short hands and legs, a little flattened face moving in a shovel. Horse - Polcan was one of the most favorite images of the famous toy Ulyana Babkina. Note how beautiful and unusual cargopol toys are beautiful. Scribed in bright or muted tones, they differ in simple and clear patterns. An ancient symbols of the sun are induced on the surface of the figure - large fires - red circles, crosses, rings, as well as the motifs of grains of bread bumps and springs of plants. Guys, and let's see what unites all the toys? Right! All of them are made of clay. And what's the differences? Patterns form work with a textbook (from 74.)

Carefully consider painting toys. Pay attention to the main elements of the painting, the colors used by the masters of different fields to paint the toy based on one of the fishers guys! And now close your eyes and imagine that we are not in the classroom, but in the workshop, and you are all not students, but masters. Look at your tables stand toys, blinded from clay, but before painting carefully look at the elements of the patterns, which are characteristic of this toy you have chosen. Do not forget about the color scheme. Think how many colors will you use the chosen toy for painting? What kind? What elements of the painting will be used? Getting Started (during the independent work of children, music sounds). After completing the teacher collects work for organizing the exhibition, while children read poems about each toy). Maisy Lord! Look you here! Toys are all sorts of all manners: Here are a young lady and cavaliers. Barshn scarlet cheeks and sponges, elegant dresses and warm fur coats. Krasno Girl in the crown of her blush on his face is good, it is not breathing! Look what kind of horse

Handle only his tribal he with you, going together for two hundred. And with the tail and with the mane, that's what beautiful! But it is a goat on slim legs all the beauty goat in the horns he shakes his head look at what! Jashadruzhok blows in the horn, sits on the back of a beautiful pig! Indiaindiangty! You look like a chest chest that is not simple, red, yellow, blue! Tell me "I well done, I thought I tried, I did discover." Thank you for the lesson. You are well done! Setting on a lesson. Self-assessment of readiness for the lesson. Students check the correctness of the location of school supplies.

Consciously listen to students are combined into a group of selected fishery. It is possible that the appearance of masperaodines listened and perform tasks; The tasks that have to be solved in the lesson are consciously listening under the guidance of the teacher detect the place of difficulty prepared students (masters of toys), using the information search method complements the answers to watch the rest of the students presentation. Participation in conversation, children work in pairs. After working with the textbook, the test for the definition of the patterns of the fishery of the students paint the toy, then represent their goods at the fair, praising so that it wanted to buy it. And buyers ask questions about toys. Answer teacher's questions independently record acquired knowledge. They say that they found out, they know, they could. Make self-esteem in the weekly Loud:

action of sense formation. Establishing students' communication between the purpose of educational activities and its motive; Self-monitoring on the organization of the workplace KUDA: planning of training cooperation with teacher and peers, the ability to navigate in your knowledge system: to distinguish a new one from the already known. The ability to listen and understand the speech of others. To be able to express their thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy to express its thoughts: goal-setting, (formulation of a learning task based on the correlation of what is already known to be the fact that still unknown) planning (preparation of a plan and sequence of actions) Pooh: Independent allocation and formation of a cognitive goal, structuring Knowledge, be able to make up their thoughts in oral form (juda) to be able to find the necessary material, allocate the main thing from the read text. To be able to formulate a story, to keep the dialogue of classmates to be able to make up their thoughts in oral form (judgment) to be able to listen and hear (judging) to be able to make the necessary additions and adjustments to the method of action in the event of a divergent action and its product (RUID) ability to own the monological form of speech ( Kuhood) Cognitive URU (be able to apply the methods of information search, including with the help of computer tools) search and selection of necessary information (Pooh) Free orientation and perception of texts of scientific, journalistic styles (Pooh, general educational Wood) Semantic reading (Puud. Obssuruous Wood)

Logical URU is able to generalize, analyze, compare and classify the reflection of the methods of action, control and evaluation of the process and the results of activity (Puud, general educational) Isolation and awareness of the students of what has already been learned and what else is learn to master the level of assimilation. To be able to evaluate the correctness of the performance in the lesson of an adequate retrospective assessment (RUID) the ability to self-esteem based on the criterion for the success of training activities (Personal Wood)

Authors Articles

Serebryakova Catherine - 6kl.

Morozova Anna - 5kl.

Purpose of the study

What is the point of expressing images of toys of different crafts. What is in general, and what distinguishes them from each other.

Hypothesis

All clay toys are very plastic and have a generalized form.

Research Plan

Visit the exhibition "Dymkovsky toy", demonstrated in one of the school museums.

Listen, then discuss the history of the development of toys of different folk crafts.

Try to create your own image of toys from clay or plasticine. Collect a toy based on one of the crafts.

To make an exhibition of students.

Create presentations about clay toys of different crafts.

That distinguishes clay toys belonging to different art crafts, and that between them

Dymkovo toy

There is an amazing profession that people dedicate all their lives - these are toy masts.

In ancient times, clay toys were participants in the ancient rites. I attributed special strength: to guard, protect people from any evil. The bright color and shrill whistle played a magic role.

If you consider toys of different crafts, you can see that they are all painted by traditional ornament. Filimonovo village in the Tula region - the famous production center filimonovskaya Toys. These toys have stretched proportions, soft outlines of the form, they look slim, elegant. Filimonovsky toys almost always with a whistle. Favorite colors of Filimonovski toys - Malinovo - red, yellow, and emerald - green.

Motherland Kargapolskaya Clay toys - Russian North. Kargapol toys painted in bright and muted colors, they are distinguished by simple and clear patterns. An ancient symbols of the sun are on the surface of the figure - large fires - red circles, crosses, rings, as well as the motifs of grains, breadstones and branches of plants.

Among the Russian clay toys the most famous, perhaps, Dymkovsky. Dymkovsky Toys are a real miracle. Here you can see also discharged scoops, and nannies - "Kormilok" with children in their arms, and dashing riders, and other images. Silhouette is characterized by soft smoothness and roundness. How much here are stucco details: elegant frills, swans, braids, flashers! They make figurines more expressive. In the painting of the Dymkov toy use yellow and blue, raspberry - red and green, white in the background and black color.

Look at modern folk toys - and you will notice that they live the same images. This is a horse, bird, baba. Huge sense expresses these images, they live the memory of the people, his ancient traditions.

conclusions

When considering toys of different classes, we note that they are united by images that live in them: unprecedented animals, a woman with a child, a man - an employee. The ancient signs of the ornament, which are covered with toys, can be found in embroidery, and in painting, and in other works of folk art.

Resources

Decorative and applied art in the life of a person: a textbook for 5 cl. general education. Institutions, N.A.Goryeva, O.V. Ostrovskaya; Ed. B.M.Nensensky, 4th ed.- M., Enlightenment, 2005.