Operating temperature indoors. WHY SANITARY TEMPERATURES IN THE OFFICE MUST MUST

What external factors affect employee performance? A similar question must be defined by any head seeking to take care of his subordinates and increase the monthly revenue. Unfortunately, the very obvious features often remain unnoticed. So, for example, in the enterprises of both small and large, the norms of temperature in the workplace are often ignored. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the fact that not every employee will be able to fully work, freezing or tormented from the unbearable heat.

Who regulates the weather at work?

Are there official documents regulating such indicators? Yes, there are. These are the standards of SanPiN in terms of workplace. The regulations presented in them apply to all companies and all employees (regardless of the size of the firm and its state affiliation).

All information in the standards can be divided into two main blocks: Temperature recommendations for the various categories of employees and the employer's responsibility for their violation. Among other things, the air temperature rate in the workplace is regulated by the 212th article of the Labor Code of our country, which states that the employer is necessarily obligatory to provide favorable conditions and regime for labor, as well as rest of their employees.

How to protect yourself in the workplace?

What can the employee do if the temperature in the workplace is above the norm? If a person is aware of real risks for his health in such a situation, it is quite possible to temporarily refuse to fulfill its official duties. To do this, it is necessary to make an official written application and transfer it to the upstream leadership.

The document should contain information that the implementation of work provided for by the work contract is threatened with certain risks. It will be useful to refer to the 379th article TC, which contains information about the legality of such intentions. If the paper is drawn up by all the rules, the employee will not only lose but will prevent all existing rights. However, one should not overdo it in its desire to rest from work, it is likely that the authorities will offer you alternatives.

How to circumvent the law without his violation?

Your loopholes and bypass exist with the leadership. The thing is that Sanmpin in his documentation indicates such a thing as "time of stay", and not "working day duration". Simply put, the employer is not always obliged to let the employee home early with uncomfortable to comply with the law. It can take the following measures:

• Organize an additional break in the middle of the working day indoors with more acceptable conditions for recreation.
• Translate workers to another room that meets the requirements.

In the summer workplace in summer

Of course, more than all the temperature rate in the workplace is worried about office staff, and with which this trend is difficult to say difficult. It is necessary to note the fact that managers, secretaries and other employees of intellectual labor refer to the category of workers with minor physical exertion. It is believed that the normal temperature should fluctuate in the range from 22.2 to 26.4 (20-28) heat degrees. Any deviation from the established numbers should lead to a reduction in working day time. The decrease scheme is as follows:

• 28 degrees - 8 hours;
• 28.5 degrees - 7 hours;
• 29 degrees - 6 hours and so on.

According to the algorithm, the deadline for performing labor duties in the office is reduced to a temperature of 32.5 degrees above zero. With such source data, no more than one hour is allowed. With the work given and it is necessary to cancel or transfer to another room.

Temperature in winter

It should be noted that employees in the workplace may suffer not only from the stuff and heat, but also from the cold (such situations are even more dangerous, but it is much less common). What is the minimum permissible temperature rate in the workplace? To begin with, we will discuss the algorithm of the day in cool conditions for office staff. The number of working hours for them begins to shrink from 20 degrees according to the following scheme:

• 19 degrees - 7-hour;
• 18 degrees - 6-hour;
• 17 degrees - 5-hour and so on.

The final mark of 13 degrees of heat involves the work of an office employee in an unheated room for one hour, with lower performance indicators, it is necessary to cancel at all.

It should be noted that the above rules apply exclusively on production and office premises, the requirements also exist for social objects, but they differ slightly. For example, the recommended temperature for the polyclinic is about 20-22 degrees.

Classification of all professions

Sanpine standards on the workplace temperature are different for each employee category. There are three main categories in total, two are also divided into additional subgroups:

• 1a. Energy costs up to 139 watts. Minor physical exertion, work responsibilities in a sitting position.
• 1b. Energy costs from 140 to 174 W. Minor physical stress when performing duties that can be carried out both sitting and standing.
• 2a. Energy consumption from 175 W to 232 watts. Moderate physical tension, the need for regular walking, cargo movement weighing up to 1 kg in the sitting position.
• 2b. Energy consumption 233-290 W. Active, but moderate physical activity, consisting in constant walking and moving goods weighing up to 10 kilograms.
• 3. Energy consumption from 290 W. Intensive load requiring significant forces and returns. It is walking, carrying large loads.

It should not be assumed that the higher the category of the employee, the checketymeter should be observed the temperature norms in the workplace in the summer and in the winter season. In fact, the law requires protecting every person very carefully. Moreover, people engaged in active physical labor are much easier to carry out coolness, as they have the opportunity to warm up from their efforts.

Where to seek help?

What to do in the event that the temperature norms in the workplace are violated, and the management continues to force employees to work? With this situation, the time leaving abroad in the law can be recycled. And processing, as you know, should be paid in a double size.

Where can I complain about the fact that the temperature norms in the workplace are episodically or regularly violated? Any institution officially engaged in this issue, unfortunately, no. However, if necessary, all its complaints relating to the unsatisfactory organization of conditions in the workplace, employees can send to the local labor inspection, which will be able to fix the complaint and initiate the proceedings on it.

In addition to its wishes for organizing a comfortable temperature in the workplace in your company, it is possible to send to Rospotrebnadzor, they will also help you solve the controversial situation with the employer.

The amount of punishment and its types

What kind of punishment may run the unlucky employer? The simplest is an ordinary penalty, the size of which can vary in the range from 10 to 20 thousand rubles. Much more terrible for any organization temporary suspension of its activities that can last up to 90 days. To avoid punishment, it is necessary to either improve the existing conditions or an employee to the norm necessary in this case.

How to eliminate violations?

How can you achieve the required temperature rate in the workplace in the summer? Perhaps the only effective way to solve this issue is the installation of modern air conditioners, as well as maintaining a valid ventilation system at a high level. No open windows and drafts will help create comfortable conditions in the heat, but only provide distillation of heated air from the room to the room. Another disadvantage of such a method is the high risks of colds among persons in the room.

As for the need to increase the air temperature, the use of the central heating system is most appropriate.

27.10.2017, 18:36

Do you want the staff to always work efficiently? Agree that it is difficult to think about things when a person is discomfort. Therefore, the temperature in the workplace must be appropriate. After reading our material, you will learn which temperature standards in the workplace are installed by Sanpin for 2017 and in the future, what it should be in the office in the winter and summer, as well as the violation of the employer.

Why need Sanpine standards

Employers are required to create not only safe conditions in the workplace, in the office, but also maintain a comfortable atmosphere. Including temperature, level of humidity, etc. This follows from article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

The corresponding norms are set to work for 8 hours per day (40 hours per week) did not harm the health of the employee. In addition, comfortable conditions have a positive effect on staff performance.

Setting the temperature standards in the work room, necessarily pay attention to the humidity, the speed of air movement, surface temperature, etc.

Indicators of the norms under consideration may differ, since the degree of load and types of work are usually different. For example, in the casting shops, the average temperature is kept in the area of \u200b\u200b35-37 degrees. And what should be the temperature in the workplace in the office?

Temperature regime of office

The less physical exertion is performed by a person, the warmer should be indoors. Office workers spend most of the time at the computer, the maximum moves from the office to the office. Therefore, the temperature for such conditions is established based on these factors.

Of course, the temperature standards in the workplace in winter differ from the temperature rate in the workplace in the summer. Next, we will clearly demonstrate it.

According to Sanpin 2017, the temperature in the office in the office in the warm season should be 23-25C with relative humidity of 40-60%. In this case, the temperature of the surfaces is from 22 to 26c, and the speed of air movement is up to 0.1 m / s.

In the cold season, the office should be from 22 to 24C (humidity and air movement speed are similar). The optimal surface temperature is 21-25C.

When making a decision, follow:

• SanPine 2.2.4.548-96<Гигиенические требования к микроклимату производственных помещений> (paragraph 5, 6, 7 and Appendix 1);
• Sanpin 2.2.4.3359-16 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors in workplaces."

The employers need to know exactly what temperature should be in the work room, since when non-compliance with the norms, it is possible to draw responsibility.

Consequences of Violation of Sanpine

When the working conditions deviate from the norms and the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the duration of the labor day should be reduced. For example, office personnel can work indoors at 13c no more than 1-4 hours.

Responsibility for this violation of labor legislation is provided by Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 COAP of Russia. The employers and officials impose a fine:

• 2000 - 5000 rubles. on merchants;
• 50,000 - 80,000 on legal entities;
• 2000 - 5000 rubles. on officials.

Once again we recall that create and maintain the temperature in the workplace on the standards of Sanpina - the obligation of the employer. To do this, use a variety of air conditioners, heaters t. P. Observing the established standards, you can avoid multiple conflicts, as well as downtime related to diseases of workers.

Greetings, dear friends! I do not know how you have, and in our Novosibirsk there is a relatively cold period for November. It seems sunny, dry, but because of the moisture and the northeast breeze is cold enough.

I think that the work at low temperatures can be tried to cut. How to do it, you will learn from this notice.

The main thing here is, at what temperatures it is possible to reduce the working day.

Taking into account the requirements of the Labor Code, hygienic standards contained in sanitary rules and regulations ("P 2.2.2006-05. Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the employment process. Criteria and classification of working conditions" and "Sanpine 2.2.4.548-96 . 2.2.4. Physical factors of the production environment. Hygienic requirements for microclimate of industrial premises. Sanitary rules and norms "that establish optimal and permissible temperature indicators for jobs), the company manager may decide to reduce the working day or termination of work With extremely low or high temperatures.

But this may require employees themselves. According to Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the worker has the right to workplace that meets the state regulatory requirements for labor protection and conditions provided for by the collective agreement. According to the law "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population", working conditions, the workplace and the labor process should not have the harmful effect on a person. And what's how not the cold in the workplace can lead to the supercooling and human disease?

Thus, the employer must control the microclimate at the enterprise, including the temperature in the workplace. Measuring temperature at workplaces is performed using a thermometer or a psychrometer at least 3 times per working day (shift).

After measurements, it is necessary to make a protocol in which to substantiate and evaluate the measurements made for compliance with the regulatory requirements of sanitary rules. After conducting all the necessary dimensions, the employer may decide to reduce the working hours of employees on the basis of the norms of sanitary rules and maintaining full wage workers taking into account the fact that the ambient temperature does not correspond to permissible values.

If the work is related to the exercise of work in the open air, then Article 109 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for low temperatures special breaks for heating. These breaks are included in the overall working time.

And in judicial practice were precedents, when employees defended their right to a warm workplace.

In the definition of the St. Petersburg City Court of 25.10.2010 No. 14529, the state enterprise was issued an order to eliminate violations, including non-compliance with the temperature regime in the enterprise premises and at workplaces.

And in the resolution of the FAS of the Volga-Vyatka district of 11.12.2008 No. A82-653 / 2008-9, the court indicated that the employer did not ensure safe working conditions to his employee, which led to an accident in production during the insulation of the windows employee due to the unsatisfactory building of the building , expressed in the inspection of window bakes to work in the autumn-winter period, as a result of which the air temperature in the workplace was below the norm.

For reference:

At what temperatures in the office there is a reduced working day?

Working conditions are governed by the sanitary rules and the norms of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for microclimate of industrial premises".

According to the document, those who work in the premises are conditionally divided into five categories:

• sedentary work. This includes managers, office workers, workers sewing and watchmaking. For them, the most comfortable room indoors + 22 ° C - + 24 ° C.
• if the whole day passes on the legs. For example, these are controlles, sellers consultants. They must work at + 21 ° C - + 23 ° C.
• work implies some physical tension. For example, guides, employees of cleaning shops on machine-building enterprises. The optimal temperature for them is + 19 ° C - + 21 ° C.
• work associated with walking and transfer of weights up to ten kilograms. Basically, these are work factories - locksmiths, welders. For them, the room temperature should be + 17 ° C - +19 ° C.
• ensures heavy physical work, for example, in foundry and blacksmithing shops. The same category includes movers who carry furniture and technique harder ten kilograms. For them, the temperature is slightly lower - + 16 ° C - + 18 ° C.

When the temperature in the workplace is reduced by 1 degree below the norm, the working time is reduced by 1 hour.

Thus, at a temperature of + 19 ° C, the working day of the office worker will be 7 hours, +18 ° C - 6 hours and so on. At a temperature of + 12 ° C and below, the work is terminated and according to article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the working time is in this case paid by the employer in the amount of at least two thirds of the tariff rate.

However, I want to note that SanPine 2.2.4.548-96 do not have the status of regulatory legal acts, and therefore, the requirements established by these acts cannot be considered as mandatory, and are only a recommendation.

If the workplace is located in unheated premises or work in the open air, MP 2.2.7.2129-06 can be guided. Labor and recreation conditions working in the cold time in an open territory or in unheated premises ", as well as regulatory documents of the regional and / or municipal level.

1. Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation - the employee has the right to workplace that meets the state regulatory requirements of labor protection and conditions provided for by the collective agreement.

2. At the same time, Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation obliges the employer among other things, to ensure the conditions of labor in each workplace relevant labor protection requirements; The organization of control over the condition of working conditions in the workplace, as well as the correctness of the use of individual and collective protection workers.

3. On the basis of Article 219 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, each employee has the right, including a workplace that meets the requirements of labor protection.

4. At the federal level, the requirements for labor conditions are governed by Federal Law of 30.03.1999 No. 52-ФЗ "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" (hereinafter - Law No. 52-FZ).

4.1. In particular, paragraph 1 of Art. 25 says that working conditions, the workplace and the labor process should not have the harmful effect on a person. Requirements for ensuring safe working conditions for man are established by sanitary rules and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

4.2. According to paragraph 2 of Art. 25 of Law No. 52-ФЗ Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities are obliged to carry out sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures to ensure safe working conditions for man and the fulfillment of the requirements of sanitary rules and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation to industrial processes and technological equipment, organization of jobs, Collective and individual means of protecting employees, labor, recreation and consumer services for employees in order to prevent injuries, occupational diseases, infectious diseases and diseases (poisoning) related to working conditions.

5. In accordance with clause 4.2 Sanpin 2.2.4.548-96. "2.2.4. Physical factors of the production environment. Hygienic requirements for microclimate of industrial premises. Sanitary rules and norms "The indicators of the microclimate should ensure the conservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and maintain the optimal or permissible thermal state of the body.

5.1. Based on § 4.3 Sanpin 2.2.4.548-96 with indicators characterizing the microclimate in industrial premises are, including air temperature, air speed.

6. "MR 2.2.7.2129-06. Labor and recreation conditions working in the cold time in an open territory or in unheated premises ", as well as regulatory documents of the regional and / or municipal level.

I have everything on this. Before new notes!

Labor productivity in the workplace directly depends on the conditions, first of all, temperature and humidity of the air, the quality of lighting, the amount of oxygen and other factors. The temperature regime is very important, with a non-compliance with which employees have discomfort and work less productively. The permissible temperature in the room in the workplace, where people spend 8-9 hours a day should be observed by the head or responsible for ensuring appropriate working conditions by the employee. The temperature indicators regulate Sanpin in the law "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population", and all enterprises and organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, should correspond to him.

What should be the temperature in the work premises in winter and summer?

The temperature indicators in the room in which employees work will differ depending on the time of year and the presence / absence of the heating season in the region. The technical characteristics of the room, the presence / absence of climate techniques do not affect the need to comply with sanitary standards, comply with the temperature established by law, the temperature regime is obliged to all. As well as the temperature in the apartment, the required testimony of the thermometer in the office space can be adjusted with the help of centralized heating with radiators, as well as mobile caloriefors, infrared and oil electrical heaters, consumer and semi-industrial air conditioners.

The management of the company cannot justify the violation of the temperature regime in the office by the fact that the cost of heating and air conditioning is very high. Especially, it is unacceptable to install instruments and equipment in offices that lead to significant deviations from the established standards (for example, even a working powerful computer can increase the temperature of 0.5 degrees in the room). Faults of climate techniques (heaters, air conditioners), ensuring compliance with the mode, you need to eliminate on the day of occurrence, otherwise the employer is obliged to change the work schedule in accordance with Sanpin.

Standards permissible temperature indoor at the workplace for the warm and cold season are as follows:

• summer - 23-25 \u200b\u200b° C;
• winter - 22-24 ° C.

Relative humidity of the air should not exceed 60%. Temperature norms can slightly deviate from those set within 1-2 degrees Celsius. Possible range of oscillations during the working day - 3-4 degrees (for example, if necessary, to air the room in winter).

For comparison, the temperature in the apartment, according to Sanpina, during the cold season is allowed within 18-26 ° C, and for maintaining comfortable conditions in apartment buildings is responsible for the provider of the coolant and the management company controlling the functioning of central heating systems. But in the summer, everything is different: the production workshop and office space is not an apartment, owners or tenants in the warm season they will care about maintaining comfortable comfort. Residents of apartment buildings are not entitled to demand from the management companies of installation of air conditioners, because It is not included in their duties. But the central office or remote site has the right to demand the head of the established temperature regime and to do this for this to equip the rooms with climate techniques.

What to do in the inconsistency of temperature conditions in the office?

If in office space, the air temperature for some reason does not meet the standards established by law, the employer, if it is impossible to correct the situation within a few hours, should take the following measures:

• reduction of the working day in accordance with the thermometer indicators;
• translation of employees to another office / premises with more comfortable conditions;
• exemption from work or transfer to remote (home) mode.

Reducing the working day in winter for one hour is shown when the temperature is reduced to 19 ° C, i.e. When indicators below 20 ° C, employees have the right to go home earlier. Next, the reduction in the duration of the working day is in proportion of 1 degree - 1 hour: at 18 ° C - up to 6 hours, at 17 ° C - up to 5 hours and so on. If the air temperature in the office drops to 13 ° C, then it is very difficult to work in such conditions, it will be impossible. Therefore, the management is better to let go of employees or take measures to ensure comfort for work.

Similarly to a decrease in thermometer indicators, an increased air temperature in the evening office also involves a reduction in the working day in a similar relation. If the thermometer shows the temperature above 29 ° C, the principle of abbreviation of the working day is appropriate: at 30 ° C - for 2 hours, 31 ° C - for 3 hours and so on. After reaching the thermometer of 33 ° C, it does not make sense, because Because of the heat in such conditions, it is practically impossible to work and even dangerous for a person. The productivity of employees can be extremely low.

Threats, blackmail or pressure of the employer, when he forces subordinates to work in improper conditions, are not allowed. But in practice there is often a situation where the head makes people go to work and tolerate cold or heat. The temperatures installed by SanPin are extremely important, so you need to know at what temperature employees are allowed to leave work.

Protection of the interests of employees

When it is very cold in the room, the human body reacts to these conditions in different ways: it is getting rid of an extra liquid (forcing frequently go to the toilet), causes a tremor in the body (instinctive reaction to warm up). For workers of mental labor, many hours spent in a sitting position, low temperatures are very harmful, because Can cause supercooling, reducing immunity and colds. Yes, and just sit in the upper clothes at the desktop is very uncomfortable, it distracts from solving current tasks.

High temperatures in combination with stuffy air indoors can cause fainting, dizziness and even a thermal blow. Mental activity during the heat is also reduced, about which it is important to remember to managers.

To fix the discrepancy between SanPiN requirements, you can make an act of measuring the temperature in the room. In the document you need to specify the temperature measurement conditions as much as possible, add a temporary slice (for example, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, hourly). Along with the fixed indicators of the thermometer, the form must contain signatures of employees working in this room. If this is a separate office, the temperature should be measured and fixed in the presence of another authorized person (the head of the personnel management department, the security service manager, managing the economic part of the enterprise). The form of the document is arbitrary, but it is more convenient to issue a thermometer reading in the form of a table. Sample Act You can download for free on our website.

Sanipine sanitary rules and norms 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for microclimate of industrial premises" (appliance. Decree of the State Committee on October 1, 1996 N 21)

See also Sanitary-epidemiological rules and standards of SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03 "Hygienic requirements for the air-based composition of air of industrial public premises", approved by the head of the head of the Russian Federation on April 18, 2003

Hygienic Requiements to Occupational Microclimate

Relative humidity;

Air movement speed;

The intensity of thermal irradiation.

5. Optimal conditions for microclimate

5.1. Optimal microclimatic conditions are established by the criteria for the optimal thermal and functional state of the person. They provide a general and local sensation of thermal comfort during the 8-hour work shift with minimal stress of thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause abnormalities in health, create prerequisites for high levels of performance and are preferred in workplaces.

5.2. The optimal values \u200b\u200bof the microclimate indicators must be observed in the workplaces of industrial premises, which are performed by operator type operations associated with neuro-emotional stress (in the cabins, on the consoles and posts of technological processes, in the halls of computing equipment, etc.). The list of other jobs and types of work under which the optimal magnitudes of the microclimate should be ensured are determined by sanitary rules for individual industries and other documents agreed with the state sanitary and epidemiological supervisory authorities in the prescribed manner.

See Rules for labor protection in logging, woodworking industries and during forestry work PVM 001 - 97, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of March 21, 1997 N 15

5.3. The optimal parameters of the microclimate in the workplace must comply with the values \u200b\u200bgiven in

5.4. The air temperature changes in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during the shift when providing optimal microclimate values \u200b\u200bat workplaces should not exceed 2 ° C and go beyond the limits specified in Table 1 for individual categories of work.

Table 1

6. Permissible microclimate conditions

6.1. Permissible microclimatic conditions are established by the criteria for the permissible thermal and functional state of the person for the period of 8-hour working siena. They do not cause damage or violations of health status, but can lead to the emergence of common and local sensations of thermal discomfort, the tension of the mechanisms of thermoregulation, deterioration of well-being and reduction of working capacity.

6.2. Permissible values \u200b\u200bof microclimate indicators are established in cases where optimal values \u200b\u200bcannot be provided with technological requirements, technical and economically substantiated reasons.

6.3. The permissible values \u200b\u200bof the microclimate indicators in the workplace must comply with the values \u200b\u200bgiven in In relation to the performance of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year.

6.4. When providing permissible magnitles of microclimate at workplaces:

Air temperature difference in height should be no more than 3 ° C;

The air temperature drop horizontally, as well as its changes during the shift should not exceed: for - 4 ° C; for - 5 ° C; for - 6 ° C.

At the same time, absolute air temperature values \u200b\u200bshould not go beyond the limits specified in For certain categories of work.

6.5. At air temperature at workplaces 25 ° C and above the maximum permissible values \u200b\u200bof the relative humidity of the air should not go beyond:

70% at air temperature 25 ° C;

65% - at air temperature 26 ° C;

60% at air temperature 27 ° C;

55% - at air temperature 28 ° C.

6.6. At air temperature of 26-28 ° C, the air velocity indicated in Table 2 for the warm period of the year must correspond to the range:

0.1-0.2 m / s - with the category of work IA;

0.1-0.3 m / s - with the category of work of the IB;

0.2-0.4 m / s - with the category of work IIA;

table 2

Permissible values \u200b\u200bof microclimate indicators in the workplace of industrial premises

6.7. The permissible magnitudes of the intensity of thermal irradiation of working on workplaces from production sources heated to a dark luminescence (materials, products, etc.) should correspond to the values \u200b\u200bshown in Table 3.

Table 3.

6.8. The permissible magnitudes of the intensity of thermal irradiation from radiation sources heated to white and red luminescence (hot or molten metal, glass, flame, etc.) should not exceed 140 W / sq. M. At the same time, more than 25% of the body surface should not be exposed and the use of personal protective equipment, including facial and eye protection facilities.

6.9. In the presence of thermal irradiation of the operating air temperature in the workplaces should not exceed depending on the category of work of the following values:

25 ° C - with the category of work Ia;

24 ° C - with the category of work of the IB;

22 ° C - under the category of work IIA;

21 ° C - with the category of work IIB;

20 ° C - with the category of work III.

6.10. In industrial premises, in which the permissible regulatory values \u200b\u200bof microclimate indicators cannot be established due to technological requirements for the production process or cost-effective inexpediency, the conditions of the microclimate should be considered both harmful and dangerous. In order to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate, protective measures should be used (for example, local air conditioning systems, air stamping, compensation for the adverse effects of one microclimate parameter by changing other, overalls and other means of individual protection, recreation and heating facilities, regulation of work time, in particular , breaks in the work, reduction of the working day, an increase in the duration of vacation, a decrease in work experience, etc.).

6.11. To assess the combined impact of microclimate parameters in order to implement the protection of possible overheating, it is recommended to use the thermal inspection of the thermal load of the medium ( ), the values \u200b\u200bof which are given in Applications 2.

6.12. To regulate the time of operation within the working shift in the conditions of microclimate with air temperature in the workplaces above or below the permissible values \u200b\u200bare recommended to be guided and Appendices 3.

7. Requirements for controlling control and methods of measuring microclimate

7.1. Measuring microclimate indicators In order to control their compliance with hygienic requirements should be carried out during the cold year of the year - in days with an outdoor temperature, different from the average temperature of the coldest winter of winter, no more than 5 ° C, during the warm period of the year - in days with the temperature of the exterior The air other than the average maximum temperature of the hottest month is not more than 5 ° C. The frequency of measurements in both periods of the year is determined by the stability of the production process, the functioning of technological and sanitary equipment.

7.2. When selecting sections and measurement time, it is necessary to take into account all the factors affecting the microclimate of jobs (the phases of the technological process, the functioning of ventilation and heating systems, etc.). Measuring microclimate indicators should be carried out at least 3 times in shift (at the beginning, middle and at the end). With oscillations of microclimate indicators associated with technological and other reasons, additional measurements must be carried out with the largest and smallest magnitudes of thermal loads on working.

7.3. Measurements should be carried out at workplaces. If a workplace is several sections of the production room, then measurements are carried out on each of them.

7.4. If there are sources of local heat generation, cooling or mohare (heated aggregates, windows, doorways, gates, open baths, etc.) Measurements should be carried out at each workplace at points, minimally and maximum remote from the sources of thermal exposure.

7.5. In rooms with a large density of workplaces, in the absence of sources of local heat generation, cooling or moisture, sections of temperature measurement, relative humidity and air velocity should be distributed evenly along the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in accordance with Table 4.

Minimum number of temperature measurement sites, relative humidity and air velocity

7.6. When working performed by sitting, temperature and air movement speed should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.0 m, the relative humidity of the air - at an altitude of 1.0 m from the floor or the work site. When working performed, the temperature and speed of air movement should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.5 m, and the relative humidity of the air - at an altitude of 1.5 m.

7.7. In the presence of radiant heat sources, thermal irradiation in the workplace must be measured from each source, having a receiver of the device perpendicular to the falling flow. Measurements should be carried out at a height of 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 m from the floor or work platform.

7.8. The temperature of the surfaces should be measured in cases where jobs are removed from them to a distance of no more than two meters. The temperature of each surface is measured in analogously to the measurement of air temperature according to p. 7.6.

7.9. The temperature and relative humidity of the air in the presence of thermal radiation sources and air flows in the workplace should be measured by aspiration psychrometers. In the absence of measuring places of radiant heat and air flows, the temperature and relative humidity of the air can be measured by psychrometers, not protected from the effects of thermal radiation and the speed of air movement. Also devices can also be used, allowing separately measuring the temperature and humidity of the air.

7.10. The speed of air movement should be measured by rotational action anemometers (impeller, cup, etc.). Small air movement speeds (less than 0.5 m / s), especially in the presence of multidirectional flows, can be measured by thermoelectrolemometers, as well as cylindrical and ball catarerometers when they are protected from thermal radiation.

7.11. The temperature of the surfaces should be measured by contact devices (type of electrothermometers) going remote (pyrometers, etc.).

7.12. The intensity of thermal exposure should be measured by the instruments providing an angle of visibility of the sensor close to the hemisphere (at least 160 °) and sensitive in the infrared and visible region of the spectrum (actine meters, radiometers, etc.).

7.13. Measurement range and permissible measurement error must comply with the requirements

7.14. According to the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol in which general information on the production facility, the placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat generation, cooling and volatility should be reflected, the scheme for placing the measurement sections of microclimate parameters and other data.

7.15. In conclusion, the protocol should be assessed by the results of the measurements made for compliance with regulatory requirements.

Table 5.

Attachment 1

(Reference)

Characteristics of individual categories of work

2. K. categories IA The intensity of Energotrat is underway to 120 kcal / h (up to 139 W), produced sitting and accompanied by minor physical stress (a number of professions at enterprises of accurate instrument and mechanical engineering, on time, sewing production, in the field of management, etc.).

3. K. categories IB The intensity of Energotrat 121-150 kcal / h (140-174 W), produced sitting, standing or dealing with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, in communications enterprises, controllers, master in various types of production and etc.).

4. K. categories II The intensity of Energotrat 151-200 kcal / h (175-232 W), related to the constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) of products or items in the standing position or sitting and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical tracting shops of machine-building enterprises, in spinning-weaving production, etc.).

5. K. categories IIB Work with the intensity of Energotrat 201-250 kcal / h (233-290 W) associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized casting, rolling, blacksmith, thermal, welding machines of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. K. categories III The intensity of Energotrat has more than 250 kcal / h intensity (more than 290 W) associated with permanent movements, movement and carrying significant (over 10 kg) of weights and requiring great physical efforts (a number of professions in blacksmiths with hand forging, foundry shops with manual packing and pouring the whole of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Appendix 2.

Definition of the thermal load index (TNS-index)

1. Index (TNS index) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect on the human body of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air and thermal irradiation).

2. The TNS index is determined on the basis of the temperatures of the moistened thermometer of aspiration psychrometer (TB) and the temperature inside the shredded ball (TS).

3. The temperature inside the shredded ball is measured by the thermometer, the tank of which is placed in the center of the shredded hollow ball; TSh reflects the effect of temperature air temperature and air movement speed. The stressed ball should have a diameter of 90 mm, the minimum possible thickness and absorption coefficient of 0.95. The accuracy of temperature measurement inside the ball + -0.5 ° C.

4. The TNS index is calculated by the equation:

TNS \u003d 0.7 x TBL. + 0.3 x TSh.

heat load environment in workplaces on which the speed of movement

air does not exceed 0.6 m / s, and the intensity of thermal irradiation is

1. In order to protect working on possible overheating or cooling, at the air temperature in the workplaces above or below the permissible values, the time of staying at workplaces (continuously or total for the working shift) should be limited to the values \u200b\u200bspecified in and of this application. At the same time, the average air temperature in which those working are located during the working shift in the workplaces and places of recreation, should not go beyond the permissible air temperature values \u200b\u200bfor the relevant categories of the works specified in Table 2 of these sanitary rules.

Table 1

The remaining microclimate indicators (relative air humidity, air movement speed, surface temperature, thermal irradiation) at workplaces should be within the permissible values \u200b\u200bof these sanitary rules.

Bibliographic data

1. Manual P 2.2.4 / 2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of the industrial and environment (under approval).

2. Construction rates and rules. Snip 2.01.01. "Construction climatology and geophysics."

3. Methodical recommendations "Assessment of the thermal state of a person in order to substantiate the hygienic requirements for microclimate of jobs and measures for the prevention of cooling and overheating" N 5168-90 from 05.03.90. In Sat: Hygienic foundations for the prevention of the adverse effects of production microclimate on the human body. V.43, M. 1991, p.192-211.

4. Manual R 2.2.013-94. Hygiene labor. Hygienic criteria for evaluating working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors of the production environment, severity and labor intensity. GoskomsanaEpidadzor of Russia, M, 1994, 42 p.

5. GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area."

6. Construction standards and rules. Snip 2.04.95-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning."

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*(1) The temperature of the surfaces of the enclosing structures (walls, ceiling, gender), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or enclosing its devices are taken into account.

*(2) At air temperatures of 25 ° C and above, the maximum values \u200b\u200bof the relative humidity should be taken in accordance with the requirements

*(3) At air temperatures 26-28 ° C, the speed of air in the warm season should be taken in accordance with the requirements