Examples of marginalness from life. Marginal: Definition, meaning of words with simple words, examples of consumption

Implementation in society is one of the psychological needs of a person. The identity falling out of society is called marginal, but this does not mean that such a person is necessarily poor and leads a self-destructive lifestyle. Upon learning who are such marginals, you can find them in surprise and among friends.

Who is a margin - definition

According to the sociological dictionary, a marginal personality is a person in the border state between two or several social groups, systems, cultures. What means, the marginal is an asocial subject, but not necessarily unfavorable, immoral or suffering from pathological attachments. It is believed that the first marginalians were liberated from slavery, who came out of the usual environment, but not immediately become full members of society.

If marginals in society do not fulfill socially useful functions, then create a variety of problems. Marginals are able to be knocked back into groups and arrest. In European countries, there is often such a phenomenon as a rebellion of migrants. These people who accepted in someone else's country were provided with housing and nutrition, can bring many problems to law-abiding indigenous people. Curly marginals are somewhat less common, as an example, representatives of national minorities, fashion movement of downshifters, etc. can be brought.

The status of "marginal" may be prescribed to a person society or adopted by an individual independently. "Marking" and "hanging labels" by non-standard people can occur in the working team, in the hospital, at school. This kind of displacements are often subjected to minorities - national, sexy, etc. This is a violation of human rights. Realize your own marginality Individual may itself. In this case, he must decide - "return to normality" or live with the status of the "Marginal".

Who are marginal and lumpen?

The term "Lumen" was introduced by K. Marx, he attributed to the group to this group, bandits. According to ordinary people - lumines and marginals are one group of people with similar interests and lifestyles. This is not quite so. Lumen - declassed, physically and morally drooped element, "garbage of society", which is part of the marginal group, but the marginal person is not always a lipen.

Signs of marginals

The main sign of marginals sociologists call the gap of economic, social and spiritual ties that exist in the "domaryal" life. Migrants, refugees become mainly marginals. It may be on the edge of social groups, a former military, dismissed from service, but not yet found himself in civil society. Communication with the past when dismissal was born, and there are no new ones, but in particularly disadvantaged conditions - and there will be no. Then a person can declare - i.e. Source to the most "bottom" of life.

Other signs of marginalness:

• mobility - occurs in the absence of housing, attachments;
• mental problems - appear due to the inability to find their "place under the sun";
• development of own values, sometimes hostility to the existing society;
• sufficient ease of involvement in unlawful activities.

Types of marginals

With the positive development of events, the period of marginalness in a person does not last for too long - adapting, employed, fastening into society, he loses the status of the marginal. The exception is the people who have become marginal forced (refugees) or those who deliberately chose such a lifestyle (tramps, radicals, extremists, revolutionaries). Sociologists are so divided by the main types of marginals: political, ethical, religious, social, economic, biological.

Political Marginals

To understand who is such a political margin, the meaning of this term, one can recall the arrival period of Fidel Castro on Cuba, accompanied by bloody repression. "Freedom Island" has become unbearable for life about 2 million people who escaped to other countries, becoming, in fact, political marginal political people who are not satisfied with the existing political regime, its laws.

Ethnic marginal

The people who apply to ethnic marginality usually include individuals born from representatives of different nationalities. Not any interground marriage gives rise to marginals, it happens only if the child does not relate himself to any nationality of the parents - it does not accept it in this case. Another answer to the question of who ethnic marginals are national minorities, representatives of extremely small nationalities living among other nationalities.

Religious marginal

The bulk of people in society or adheres to a certain denomination, or does not believe in God at all. Religious marginalies are called individuals who believe in the existence of the highest strength, but they cannot call themselves by representatives of any existing religion. Among such individuals (prophets) can be found those who collected like-minded people and created their own church.

Social marginala

Such a phenomenon as social marginality develops in society that experiences cataclysms: coups, revolution, etc. Whole groups of people in changing society lose their place and cannot find it in the new system. Such social marginals often become migrants, as an example, we can recall representatives of the noble class, which left Russia after the 1917 revolution.

Marginal Economic

The answer to the question of who such an economic marginal is mainly reduced to unemployment and concomitant poverty phenomenon. Economic marginalies are forced or deliberately lose the opportunity to earn and live for someone else's account - receiving assistance to others, benefits from the state, alleviating, etc. In modern society, the economic marginals are also ranked and disgraced people who are also divorced from society.

Biomariginal

The ideal public organization involves the concern for those who found themselves in a difficult situation due to health problems, so the question is who such a margin of biological should not arise. In fact, those who are not valuable for society due to unhealthy are fulleged. Biomargographs include disabled, chronically ill, old people, HIV-infected, etc.

Pros and cons of marginalness

Initially, the negative meaning of the term "marginal" has already changed and does not always be negative. To be outside the "flock", differ from many - it is fashionable and even prestigious, but the positive aspects of marginalness can be found even in the classical meaning of this phenomenon:

• marginals are more mobile than ordinary people, it is easier for them to move to an economically more prosperous area, find a higher paying job, change profession;
• thanks to its incorrect to other members of society, some marginals can build their business on it, for example, an ethnic marginall can open a store with goods that produces its people;
• due to its flexibility, marginals often bring something new, progressive.

To the negative moments of marginalness include the fact that this phenomenon is mainly due to radical changes in the structure of society - reforms, revolutions. In general, society always suffers from such changes - the state is poor, he is leaving prospective personality. Another minus of the marginalization of society is to reduce living standards and safety due to the lumenization of a large number of marginals.

Negative marginalness and in the case when it is artificially created. With long revolutions, wars, the number of marginals is growing in geometrical progression, as a result, innocent people are fond of "on the bottom". Examples of forced marginalization are the Holocaust of the Jewish nation, arranged by fascist Germany and Stalinist repressions, as a result of which were exiled, resettled, deprived of work and housing hundreds of thousands of people.

Marginality and poverty

Since in modern society the answer to the question of who such marginals have changed a lot, not always the consequences of marginalness - poverty, imprisonment or even life. Marginals, as already mentioned, there may be very rich people who, because of their provision, more free than other members of society. And there are often cases when successful businessmen go from affairs and leave the large cities in the province, in the village.

As part of such a phenomenon, as marginality, it is worth mentioning about not so long ago appeared downshifters. From birth, the individual develops in two opposite directions - as a social and as an individual personality. Ideally, these forces must be balanced, but in reality one of these directions is often outweigh. With the strengthening of socialization, a conformist is born, and the downshifter may be born when individualization is enhanced.

Downshifter is a man who has chosen life out of society or strongly limited communication with people outside his family. This is a marginal, which is quite satisfied with his border condition when it is free to move around the world, to live completely independently. Most often, downshifters prefer to engage in art - draw, write books, etc. And their creativity is almost always in demand, because The author has a strong energy and.

Socialization is the psychological need of a person. The child goes to kindergarten (first team), then to school, institute, is arranged to work in social environment. Each person should have a family, friends who share his interests.

If the personality suddenly "falls" from the usual society, it will become marginal. This does not mean that a person is lost for society, sank to the bottom or leads a self-disstaining lifestyle. Understanding who are marginals, you may find out yourself or find those among friends.

Who are such marginals

Marginals are called people outside the social group, rougoms different from most behavior, views on reality, appearance. The Latin word "Marginalis" means "on the edge".

The marginal is an asocial subject, but not always unfavorable, immoral or descended. The first marginalians were liberated from slavery, who came out of the usual environment, but not immediately become full members of society. In the first third of the twentieth century, rural residents became marginalized in America, who were in cities and could not find their use; people who have not worked for a long time; Emigrants who went to the United States for happiness.

A person for various reasons falls out of the familiar medium and can not join the new group. Marginals are under stress, psychological tension, experience the crisis of self-consciousness. Also for them are characterized by hostile attitude towards others, increased sensitivity, unsatisfied ambitions.

Examples of such a state are often found in Russia. The difficult situation in the country led to the fall of income, the growth of unemployment. A person is forced to change the place of work, while his social status changes. Suppose he worked in science, and now it is forced to change the scope of activity in which discomfort feels.

In Europe, the number of marginals increases. The Company does not accept these people, as a result of which they cannot socialize and even arrange rebounds.

Signs of marginalness:

• breaking economic, social and spiritual relations of "domaryal" life;
• mobility arising in the absence of housing, attachments;
• mental problems that appear due to the inability to find a "place under the sun";
• development of own values, sometimes hostility to the existing society;
• involvement in unlawful activities.

Types of marginals

Allocate political, ethnic, religious, social, economic and biological marginals.

Political Marginals - These are people who are not satisfied with the political regime in the country, laws. Often they become refugees or emigrants. Many political marginals in Cuba, in Syria, Turkey and other countries.

Ethnic marginal Take place from interethnic marriages. As a result, a person does not relate himself to any nationality of his parents - in this case they are never accepted. Ethnic marginals are also national minorities, representatives of extremely small nationalities living among other nationalities.

They are not representatives of any existing religion or count themselves to fictional confessions: for example, to the Church of Bacon. Among such marginals there are false proposals that create their own religious flows.

Social marginala Lose the usual place and cannot find it in another society. Appear in the unstable state of society, revolutions, cataclysms. For example, in Russia after the revolution of 1917, representatives of the noble class were social marginals.

Economic marginals - These are either very poor or very rich people. Both those and others are torn off from society. The first cannot afford elementary things, saving on the most needed, the second bathe in luxury, without noticing problems.

Biological marginals Find into this category as a result of the disease, age, congenital defects. Society is not ready to accept HIV-infected people with disabilities, incurable patients who become outcasts.

Marginality happens natural and artificial. There is a "bottom" in society in the form of broken and lower people, as well as antisocial elements - those who reject the society itself.

An example of mass artificial marginalization - in the middle of the last century, conducted by fascist Germany. Catastrophic dimensions Artificial marginalization acquired in the era of Stalinism. Members of the families of "enemies of the people", special manual, etc. turned into marginals.

Synonyms

Close words and expression on the meaning of the word and expression - "Fric", "Declassified Element", "Nihist", "Knip", "Informal".

The concepts of "Lumen" and "marginal" are not complete synonyms, although they are similar. Difference in shades of values. Lumen is a man who "beat off from his" and stopped working. These are tramps, beggars, beggars. Marginals who threw or lost work became lumpen.

With a favorable development of events, the period of marginalness in humans lasts long: it adapts, pours into society, finds work, friends and ceases to be a marginal. However, this "status" can be imposed by a person by society because of its unusualness, originality, dissimilar in other or illnesses. Such a "stamp" put in schools, workers teams, even in the family. Someone falls on the social bottom and can no longer get out, and someone makes a decision not to return to "normal", ordinary life, and proudly wears the title of "marginal".

The word "marginal" came to Russian from German, there - from French, and in, in turn, from. From the Latin language, this word can be translated as "on the edge". Marginals - Route, which turned out to be outside their social group or at the junction of two different groups. If we are talking about one person, most likely, he was expelled from one group and was not accepted into another. Bright - people who are forced to escape from their country and the apostates in the eyes of her citizens, but at the same time failed to take the traditions of another state where they moved.

Such a social border state is perceived very hard. If we are talking about a group of people, most likely, the essence of serious social, political, economic changes in society, which led to the collapse of the usual society. Something similar often occurs as a result of revolutions.

The word "Lumen" was borrowed from German again, and in translating it "rags". Lumpenami is called people in the lowest social layers and at the same time not dealing with any socially useful work. This is that it is impossible to call so poor man who tries to earn money in the person, but seeks very modest results. Not at all - we are talking about criminals, tramps, beggars, about those who produce piracy, robbery.

Very often, non-working alcoholics and drug addicts, people who are on the content of someone, are also ranked with lumpenters, although they can work well. Also called representatives of the lowest social layer living at the expense of government benefits.

What is the difference between lumpen and marginal

As a rule, lumines do not have almost no ownership: they are either vagrant, or live in foreign houses, and have only the most necessary things for life. Marginals, on the contrary, can even be legal people who are not recognized with society, as they have lost their former position for any reason.

Lumens either enjoy short, one-time earnings, or make money illegally, or lives at the expense of loved ones or state. Marginals can engage in socially useful work.

An additional meaning of the term "Lumen" is a person who has no own moral maintenance, does not obey the laws of morality and reckless or cowardly obeys the group of persons who have the greatest power at a particular historical moment. Marginals in such cases become more victims than thoughtless force.

Sources:

• Lumens and marginals

In each society, there are people with socially adapted citizens who have lost their social roots, which are alien to the moral code, they understand only the language of rough physical strength.

Lumpen

Usually, lumpenses include people who have no social roots, which also do not have any property, and they live at the expense of one-time earnings. But more often their source of existence is the various types of social and public benefits. In general, this category should be attributed to homeless, as well as citizens like them. If you explain more simply, then Lumen is a person who is not a leading work, he is begging, vagrants, in other words - begets.

Translated from the German word "Lumen" means "rags". This is a kind of overannacles, which fell on the "bottom" of life, fell out of their environments. The more Lumpets become in society, the greater threat to society they represent. Their medium is a kind of stronghold of various extremist patients and organizations. Marxist theory used even the expression as LumpenProletariat, characterizing this word of vagrants, criminals, beggars, as well as the garbage of human society as a whole. With the Soviet power, this was a crucial word.

Marginals and Lumens are not the same thing, although there are many people between these groups of people. The very concept of "marginality" in sociology means a person who is between two different social groups, when a citizen has already broken from one of them, and the second has not yet been born. These are the so-called bright representatives of the bottom, or the social "bottom". Such public situation is very strongly affected by the psyche, her clock. Often, the people who have passed war, immigrants, who failed to adapt to living conditions in the new homeland, are often marginalized, which could not fit into social conditions for them.

During the collectivization carried out in the USSR, in 20-30 years, rural residents massively migrated to cities, but the urban environment took them reluctantly, and with a rural medium, all the roots and connections were torn. They collapsed spiritual values, the established social ties rushed. And it was these segments of the population that the "solid hand" was required, established order at the level of the state, and it was this fact that was the social base of the anti-democratic regime.

As can be seen, lumines and marginalies are not identical concepts, although they have a lot in common. In modern reality, the word "Lumen" practically does not use, calling the homeless marginal. Although this word can be characterized by people having housing, but leading an asocial lifestyle.

Sources:

• Marginals and Lumens

In modern culture, you can meet not only individual individuals, but even whole groups of people who do not fit into the well-established social structure of society. These are not always representatives of the social "bottom", they may have a high level of education and the proprietary status. The difference between such marginal from other people consists in a special world of values. Who are such marginals?

Marginality as a social phenomenon

Wikipedia calls the marginal of the one who turns out to appear on the border of opposing social groups or cultures. Such people experience the mutual influence of various valuables systems that often contradict one other. In times, the "Marginal" synonym was "declared element". So they often called people who have gone to the bottom of the social hierarchy. But the understanding of marginalness should be considered one-sided and not quite correct.

The concept of "marginality" is found in. Here it denotes the intermediate of the social position in which it turns out. The first mention of marginal individuals and groups appeared in American sociology, which described the adaptation of immigrants to unusual social conditions for them and the arrangements characteristic of life in a foreign land.

Marginals deny the values \u200b\u200bof the group from which they came out, and approve new norms and rules of conduct.

Behind a line of usual life

Marginality in society is enhanced when the cataclysms begin. If society regularly fears, its structure loses strength. There are completely new social groups and segments of the population that have their own way of life. Not every person in such conditions can adapt and stick to a certain shore.

The transition to a new social group is often associated with the need to rebuild behavior and take a new value system that almost always becomes a source of stress.

Coming out of his usual social environment, a person often faces the situation when a new group does not accept it. So marginals appear. Here is one example of such a social transition. The usual engineer, who left the employment and decided to do business, fail. He understands that the businessman did not work out of him, and it is already impossible to the former lifestyle. Financial and other material losses can be added to this, as a result of which a person is opposed to life.

But not always marginality is associated with the loss of a fairly high former social. Often, the marginalians include quite successful people whose glances, habits and system of values \u200b\u200bdo not fit into established ideas about "normality". Marginals may well be sufficiently wealthy people who achieved success in their field of activity. That's just their views on life are so unusual for the Middle Outowers, that such people simply do not take seriously or displace from social community.

Video on the topic

The concept of marginalness is a sociological term that emerged in science in the 1920s. But the marginals themselves are people who make up a special social group, existed long before the scientists have introduced this term. These are people for some reason not fit into the socio-cultural system of society. Large groups of marginals began to form at the beginning of the twentieth century. But probably the first marginal appeared in the primitive era.

The term "marginality" was introduced by American sociologists in order to characterize the public phenomenon observed by them: the creation of closed communities immigrants due to the inability to immediately fit into the American lifestyle. For the new term, the Latin word marginalis was chosen, which in the translation means "on the edge". Thus, the immigrant communities were characterized as groups, held out of their native cultural reservoirs and did not fit on the new soil.

For the marginal group, its own special culture is characterized, often conflicting with the dominant cultural settings in society. A typical example is the Italian mafia in America. Don Korleon and his family are marginal elements for American society.

So, in the strict value of the social term, the first marginals appeared at the end of the XIX - early twentieth centuries in the raging boiler of American immigration. These were the people of two cultures at the same time belonging to the two worlds. Not only in the United States, of course, such phenomena were observed: for example, Brazil at about the same time invited to the plantation of Italian immigrants, which did not immediately fit into an existing society on equal with the descendants of the Portuguese, and were often perceived as "white".

Marginal groups can appear as a result of major social shocks. For example, a revolution in Russia led to the emergence of a large number of marginals - people who were held from the framework of their class and with the difficulty of their place in a new society. For example, the streets of the 20s - a typical marginal group.

Gradually, the concept of marginalness in science expanded. The concept of "individual marginalness" appeared. It is wider than marginality as a public phenomenon. I.V. Malyshev in the book "Marginal Art" characterizes marginality as "incompetence". Marginal can be people canning past; leading your age; Just "lost" and not finding siblings in society and its culture.

In this sense, marginal can be called, according to Viktor Shenderovich, and Sakharov, and Thomas Mann, and even Christ.

So, the first marginal, most likely, appeared at the dawn of mankind. Perhaps the first Homosapions were precisely marginali!

Since society towards marginalies is wary, the life of "non-systemic" people throughout the history of humanity was complex and, alas, usually short. Some of them became social lumpen, looped by paria, but many managed to move the culture forward, outline new landmarks for the development of society.

Footy artists, for example, were often marginal. They boldly discarded traditional value settings, creating their own. For example, the marginal was diogen. Marginals were decadents. Marginal was Soviet styles.

At the end of the twentieth century - the beginning of the 21st centuries, marginal was much more than in any other historical era. Various informal movements are, as a rule, marginalies. The tolerance of modern society allows representatives of marginal layers to live in their own coordinate system more freely than before.

Who are marginals, in what value this term is permissible - about this in our article.

The concept of marginalness is found quite often, but can be interpreted in different ways, carrying often negative color.

Marginal: Definition

• The marginal is a person, the worldview, principles and lifestyle of which do not correspond to the compositions and standards adopted in society.
• Marginals are also called people who have lost their social functions for one or another - deny the laws of culture, religion, morality of their nation, country or community, but at the same time they do not adjoin other social groups, being out of classes and associations of people.
• Along with this definition today, the "marginal person" is a fashionable concept affecting the idea of \u200b\u200bfreedom and independence, finding a person outside the system, beyond the laws imposed on the current social structure.

The term "marginal" comes from the Latin "Margo", which means the edge. Initially, the word "marginal" meant handwritten marks on the fields of books related to content. In 1928, the American sociologist R. Park introduced this term to describe the behavior of the individual, which is beyond the existing social groups.

Marginals - People avoiding social contacts

The meaning of the word marginal in the sensible dictionary

In sociology: the one who has lost the former social norms of behavior and has not adapted to new living conditions (usually about representatives of national minorities, migrants, leaving of the village). In general, the one who does not recognize the generally accepted moral norms and rules of behavior.

Marginal: the meaning of the word with simple words

• In the 1930s, marginalized called residents of rural areas who came to large cities for earnings, but not those who did not receive work, immigrants who failed to take care of the new homeland, as well as people left without work or roof over their heads. Later, the term was widely imported.
• Marginals are people who have lost contact with the society in which they live. Do not perceive marginals as the people of the second variety. Just their behavior is noticeably different from the sustainable majority of tradition and obstacles.

In the dictionary you can find a general definition of the term "marginal"

Word marginal: examples of consumption

In modern Russian, the word marginal has the following synonyms: informal, rudder, individual. We give a few quotes of using the word marginal in the literature:

Any our society is arranged in such a way that in it the mass and marginals distribute duties among themselves and complement each other. Faith in a miracle turns out to be justified and everydays more promising than the disbelief, driving a person in Marginala, in a drink, in drugs.

Who are marginals?

Some modern psychologists and sociologists believe that the marginal type of personality is more intellectual and developed, open to changes independent of the limiting factors and dual standards of society. To the marginalies can be attributed to completely different people with unlike life situations, which, on the current circumstances, become commemoration of society:

• People with any physical disabilities.
• People suffering from psyche diseases.
• Representatives of non-traditional religious flows and sects.
• Hermits, deliberately opposing their beliefs of public opinion.
• People who are beyond the poverty line, which at the same time do not seek to improve their position.
• People dealing with criminal activities.

Distinctive features of the nature of the marginalov are:

• Negative attitude towards others
• Refusal of social contacts and the desire of privacy
• Egocentrism
• Unsatisfied ambitions
• Alarming states and phobias

The appearance of marginals is often different from accepted norms.

Types of marginals

Among all types of rogue society, 4 main groups of marginals can be distinguished:

Economic

This type of marginalness depends on changes in the material sphere - the loss of work, the usual sources of income, cash savings or property. All these factors lead to reassessment of values, search for new ways to earn money, and often to the omnibration and the abandonment of the usual circle of communication. The most severe type of economic marginalness is the fall in self-assessment due to the impossibility of improving welfare, alcoholism, drug addiction, destruction of the individual.

Social

Social marginality is connected with the desire to achieve a higher social status, to get into another social group - the transition to a more prestigious work or a highly paid position, a profitable marriage. If such an improvement in social status lasts for a long time or ends fails, a person loses ties with the same environment, and it turns out to be in the rank position.

Political

Political marginality is manifested against the background of political crises, distrust of power and reducing civil consciousness. Such people intentionally oppose themselves to society with an existing political system, oppose public opinion, norms and laws.

Ethnic

Such type includes people, for any reason, replacing the place of residence and those who were among the representatives of another nation or ethnos. In such cases, in addition to the language barrier, migrants have difficulties of perception of alien culture and traditions. This is especially pronounced in cases where the new environment is significantly different from the usual - religion, lifestyle, features of mentality. Ethnic marginality is the most difficult-class, since it is based on factors that a person cannot change - appearance, religious affiliation, customs and traditions.

Forced marginality is connected with the exception of itself from the existing society

Video: Who are marginals?

Marginals are people who for various reasons fell out of the usual and unable to join the new social layers, as a rule, due to the cultural inconsistency. In such a situation, they experience strong psychological tension and experience the crisis of self-consciousness.

The theory about who such marginal was put forward in the first half of the 20th century Park R. E. But before him, the issues of social decline were raised by Karl Marx.

Weber Theory

Weber was concluded that the social movement begins when marginal layers are based on community, and this leads to various reforms and revolutions. Weber gave a deeper interpretation that made it possible to explain the formation of new communities, which, of course, did not always unite the social garbage of society: refugees, unemployed, and so on. But on the other hand, sociologists have never denied the undoubted relationship between human masses, excluded from the system of familiar social relations, and the process of organizing new communities.

In the communities of people, the main principle is valid: "Chaos must be somehow orderly." At the same time, new classes, groups and layers almost never arise in connection with organized by the active activity of beggars and homeless. Rather, it can be viewed as the construction of parallel people whose life before the transition to a new position was quite ordered.

Despite the prevalence of the fashionable word "marginal", the concept itself is quite vague. Therefore, it is impossible to specifically designate the role of this phenomenon in the culture of society. You can answer the question about who are such marginals, the characteristic of "non-system". It will be the most accurate definition. Because marginals are outside the social structure. That is, they do not belong to any group determining the nature of society as a whole.

There are marginals and culture. Here they are outside the main types of thinking and language and do not belong to any artistic direction. The marginal can not be classified as a dominant or main group, nor to the opposition, or to various subcultures.

The company has long defined who are such marginals. The view has established that these are representatives of the lower layers of society. At best, these are people beyond the rules and traditions. As a rule, calling a man with a marginal, show a negative, contemptuous attitude towards him.

But marginality is not an autonomous state, this is the result of the norms of norms and rules, the expression of special relations with the existing one can develop in two directions: the break of all the usual relationships and the creation of its own world or phased outstanding with society and the subsequent emission beyond the framework of the law. In any case, the marginal is not the starnant of the world, but only the shadowing parties. The public is used to putting out people's appearance outside the system to approve their own, considered normal world.