Applied art for children. The value of decorative - applied art in working with children

Consultation for parents of children 5-7 years old "How to spend time with benefit"

With what kinds of decorative - creativity can you meet a child in the older preschool age at home?
1. Batik - Technique based on the use of rubber glue, paraffin, varnishes and resins, which are applied to various types of fabrics (synthetic, wool, cotton and silk). Child This creativity will be very interesting. Sets for this creativity can be purchased in the store.
2. Nietary graphics- Graphic technique, getting an image by threads on cardboard or solid foundation.

3. Ceramics- Products from inorganic materials (for example, clay). We offer to replace clay on the salty dough, as we do.

4. Paper (Quilling)- the art of the manufacture of flat or volumetric compositions from twisted in the spirals of long and narrow paper strips.

5. Origami - Very popular art. Develops logical thinking and fine motility hands.

6. Nitcography- draw threads as well as drawing pencils familiar to us, handles, wovers, only the line must be glued to the base.

7. Beading- One of the most popular and our favorite types of creativity, which was invented by the ancient Egyptians.
The task of the parents is to see the ability of the child in time, to maintain in any of his beginnings, and the task of the teacher is to develop its ability, to acquaint with new types of creativity. Software content of classes with children of senior preschool age allows to reveal for a child: a Dymkov toy, Zhostovskaya, Gorodetskaya painting, Khokhloma. And also introduce traditional drawing techniques and show creativity in non-traditional.
Dear Parents! We want to present to your attention several options for non-traditional drawing techniques, easily accessible to you at home. It is for us, adults, the result of the child's activity is important, and the process is important for the child, and the process together with mom and dad doubly! In this case, the process and the result will delight you and the child.
Marble paper
Equipment: Cream (foam) for shaving, paints, flat plate, paper, scraper.
Progress: on a flat surface (plate, table, tray) apply cream with a thick layer, mix the water with paint, so that the saturated solution is the resulting solution, and scream on the cream on the cream (drawing arbitrary), brush or thin wand, smear the paint on the surface, take a sheet of paper and put it From above, then put the sheet on the table and squand the remains of the foam (a sheet of cardboard, scraper) - under foam you will appear bizarre patterns.

GRITAZH- Scratch
Equipment: Paper dense or cardboard, candle, gouache black, liquid soap.
Progress: In grate paper candle, add soap to black paint, apply and give dry, then you can scatter any pattern.

Volumetric patterns
Equipment:flour pancake, water, paint, microwave.
Progress: Buy flour in the store or make (0.5 kg of flour put a teaspoon with a slide soda and a teaspoon of citric acid), mix flour with water, draw a picture, put in the microwave oven for 10-30 seconds, after baking coloring.

Creative success!

Introduction

1. People's decamental and applied art and its place in kindergarten.

2. Characteristics of items of folk crafts.

3. Acquaintance of children with folk art and learning decorative modeling in different age groups.

Conclusion.

Literature.

Introduction

The folk decorative and applied art of our country is an integral part of the culture. Emotionality, the poetic image of this art is close, understandable and roads to people. Like any big art, it is brings a sensitive attitude to the beautiful, contributes to the formation of a harmoniously developed personality. Founded on deep artistic traditions, folk art enforces the culture of our people, has a beneficial effect on the formation of a person of the future. Artworks created by folk masters, always reflect the love of the native edge, the ability to see and understand the world around.

People's decorative and applied art is one of the means of aesthetic education - helps to form an artistic taste, teaches children to see and understand the beautiful life in the environment and in art. Folk art is national in content, therefore, it is possible to actively affect the spiritual development of a person, to form patriotic feelings from a child.

Increasingly, the works of decorative and applied art penetrate the life of people, creating aesthetically a full-fledged medium that determines the creative potential of the person. The introduction of preschoolers to folk art is carried out by creating a beautiful interior of kindergarten, a group room, in the design of which include works of folk creativity. Therefore, the role of kindergartens is great, where work is successfully working to familiarize children with samples of folk art. An important place is assigned to the classes with decorative modeling. The educator tells children about the subjects of folk art, teaches the techniques of decorative modeling.

But in order to successfully carry out such work, the teacher must be familiar with folk art crafts, should know and understand folk art, know the methodology for teaching children with decorative modeling.

1. People's decorative and applied art and its place in kindergarten

In modern culture, folk art lives in their traditional forms. Thanks to this, the products of the folk masters retain their sustainable features and are perceived as carriers of a holistic artistic culture. Objects of folk creativity are diverse. It can be toys from wood, clay, dishes, carpets, lace, lacquer miniature, etc. Each product carries in itself good, joy, fantasy, fascinating and children, and adults.

Folk art is always understandable and loved by everyone. For a long time, people liked to decorate their home with carpets, painted trays and caskets, because folk art carrying the warmth of the master, a subtle understanding of nature, the skill is simply, but with a lot of little ones and color to select only the fact that It is necessary that truly perfectly. Unsuccessful samples are chipped, only a valuable, great, coming from the depths of the soul. The folk art of topics and valuable that every time, creating the same thing, the master makes something new in the pattern, and the form cannot happen absolutely the same. The people's master creates different products. It is salt plots with Khokhloma painting, breadmen, and Gorodetsky painted dishes.

Popular art is the wealth of not only adults, but also children who play with hobbies with both wooden matryrs and clay figures of Kirov masters. Children like Bogorodskaya toys and caskets and cargopol toys. Wooden spoons, wicker baskets, halves of flaps and other objects of folk craftsmen are particularly demanding. Folk art is figuratively, colorfully, originally in their intent. It is affordable to children's perception, as it carries a clear content that specifically, in simple, concrete forms reveals the beauty and charming of the world around the child. It is always familiar to children of fabulous images of animals made of wood or clay. The ornaments used by folk masters for painting toys and dishes includes flowers, berries, leaves that the child meets in the forest, in the field, on the kindergarten. So, the Master of Khokhloma painting skillfully make up ornaments from leaves, berries of viburnum, raspberries, cranberries. Gorodetsky masters create their own ornaments from leaves and large colors of a swimsuit, rosehip, roses. Masters of clay toys paint their products most often by geometric ornament: rings, stripes, circles, which are also clear to young children, all these products, both wooden and clay, are used in kindergartens not only to decorate the interior room. Under the guidance of the teacher, children carefully consider them, draw and pose on the samples of folk products.

People's DPIs should enter the life of a kindergarten, pleaseing the children, expanding their concepts and presentations, raising an artistic taste. Baby gardens should have sufficient subjects of folk art. It will give the opportunity to decorate the interiors of groups and other premises, while replacing some items with others. Artistic products are demonstrated by children during conversations about folk crafts, used in classes. All DPI objects must be stored in the pedagogical cabinet cabinets. They are distributed in the fields and are constantly updated with new objects. For children of younger groups, you need to have sharp wooden toys, toys-fun Bogorodsky masters, products of cargopol folk craftsmen. For the middle group you need to have Semyonovsky, Filimonovsky and Kargopol toys, painted birds from the trading. For children of high and preparatory for school groups, any folk toy, clay and wooden are available.

Decorative modeling in a preschool institution is the creation of dishes, decorative plates, various figures on the theme of folk toys. In addition, children are available to small ornaments (beads, brooches for dolls), souvenirs Mamam, grandmothers, sisters for the day of birth, for the holiday of March 8. Skills obtained by children during decorative modeling can be used by them when creating other types of stucco operations, which are becoming more expressive.

Under the influence of the objects of folk art, children are deeper and with great interest perceive illustrations for Russian folk tales. Folk toys with their rich topics affect the idea of \u200b\u200bthe child during the modeling, enriching an idea of \u200b\u200bthe environment. Classes with the use of objects of folk art help develop the mental activity of the child. However, all this is possible only if the systematic, systematic familiarization of children with DPI objects is carried out, as a result of which children create their decorative work: toys, dishes, plates decorated with ornament by the type of tips. The objects of the applied art of the peoples of Russia can become a valuable material not only for artistic, but also for the comprehensive upbringing of each child.

The desires of children to create beautiful items, decorate them in many ways depend on the interest and relationship of the teacher to this work. The tutor needs to know the folk crafts, the history of their occurrence, to which folk folk is one or another toy, be able to talk about masters who make these toys and tell it exciting to interest children, awaken in them the desire for creativity.

2. Characteristics of items of folk crafts

Consider the objects of folk decorative and applied arts that can be used in kindergarten.

DYMKOVO TOY

Kirov masters are surprised by plastic form, special proportions, unusual in brightness pattern. Everyone likes alive, festive, lush to the stucco decoration and painting dolls of the Baryni Frances, goats, pony, roosters with bright tails. The fishing originated in a distant past. The earliest description of the Dymkovsky toys belongs to 1811. The author of him is Nikolai Zakharovich Khitrovo. The description describes the People's Vyatka festival - "Svistoplyask", during which painted clay dolls with a gold-plated pattern were sold. The clay toys were traded not only in Vyatka. They were sold on county fairs and bazaars, sent to other provinces. Before the revolution, the masters worked in the village of Dymkovo alone and families. They dug the clay, mixed it with sand, Mesili first with their legs, and then with their hands. Products burned in Russian furnaces, and then painted. Women and children participated in this work.

Factory, where Dymkov's toys are now made, is located in the city of Kirov. There are all known famous Masters A.A. Mazurin, E.Z. Koshkina, Z.V. Penkina, which, while maintaining old traditions, create new original toys. Folk craftsmen work in landscaped light workshops. On the shelves close rows are toys, different content and design, bright, gilding. These are baryni francs, painted goats, horses, clarification-whistles, piglets, bears, etc.

The process of making toys can be divided into two stages: the modeling of the product and its painting. Methods of smearing are very simple. For example, depicting a doll, the craftsmen are made first the skirt from the clay reservoir, resulting in a hollow bell-shaped form; Head, neck and top of the body make from one piece, and details of clothes (ruffles ruffles, cuffs, hats, etc.) are made separately and confused to the main form, calling them with nappes.

The Dymkovsky toy is very specific. In its creation and design, there are their traditions that are expressed primarily in staticness, pomp forms and brightness of color.

Filimonovskaya toy

An equally well-known center of national fishery is the village of Filimonovo of the Odeno region of the Tula region, where they make an amazing clay toy. According to the legend, grandfather Filigon lived in this place, who did toys. Now in the village there are workshops for the manufacture of clay toys, where masters of A.I. Derbeenova, p.p. Ilyukhina, A.I. Lukyanova and others. People and animals made by artists, differ in shape and painting. Toys are funny, fancy and very expressive - these are a lady, peasants, soldiers with epoles, dancing couples, riders on horseback, cows, rams, fox with a rooster and others. All toys elastic body, long or short legs, elongated neck with small heads . These toys are difficult to confuse with any other, as they have their own traditions in the interpretation of form and painting. The painting is bright, and basically prevails yellow, red, orange, green, blue and white colors. Combining simple elements (stripes, arcs, points, intersecting lines, forming stars), craftsmen create amazing ornaments that beautifully fall on skirts and aprons of figures. Face figures always remain white, and only small strokes and points are shown eyes, mouth, nose. The toys carry fire, shimmer with all the colors of the rainbow, there are few floods in the Filimon toy, if you compare it with Dymkovskaya.

Little baby first of all sees in a Filimon toy fun, a fantastic image of an object that awakens his work.

Kargopol toy

Kargopol - ancient Russian city, surrounded by the forest. Since ancient times, residents of this city and its surroundings were engaged in pottery. Mostly, they made a tidy dishes: pots, kinkins, bowls, some masters made a clay toy. However, in 1930, art fishery came into decay. Continued to make toys only talented masters of U.I. Babkina, it is its products that are characterized by the best features of a folk toy. In 1967, Kargopol workshops were again created on the manufacture of clay painted toys.

Next to the bright, ringing in the color of Dymkovsky and Filimonovsky plastic toys of the figurines of this northern edge may seem strict. The color gamut painting includes black, dark green and brown colors. Among the toys there are many funny images, winged simply, but with great warmth and folk humor. Mostly it is a baba peasant with baskets or bird in their hands, dolls with bark, bearded men. The cargopol toy is characteristic of both multifigure compositions - dancing figures, merry tops with saddlers in sleigh, etc. Love cargopol wizards and animals: bear, hare, horse, dog, pig, goose and duck.

For Kargopol toys, a convention in the interpretation of an image in form, proportions and coloring is characteristic. All figures are somewhat squat, with short hands and legs, they have an elongated torso, a thick and short neck and a relatively big head. Beast are portrayed with thickonous and sometimes dynamic, for example, a bear stands on the hind legs - the moment of the attack; The dog's paws are placed and the mouth is open, duck with open wings, etc. Recently, yellow, blue and orange colors are brought into the lifting of the masters toys. The main elements of the ornament are combinations of intersecting lines, circles, tree, dots and strips. They make toys in parts, the location of the details are carefully smoothed. The products are dried, burned in the furnace and paint with tempera paints. Now in Kargopol, hereditary masters K.P. Sheveleva, A.P. Shevelev, S.E. Druzhinin. Everyone has his own handwriting modeling and painting, however, the old folk traditions are at the heart of all toys.

Tver toy

In the city of Tverskaya region, clay toys, in particular clay birds, decorated with nappes and painting, were relatively recently recently. The masters of this fishery, creating a decorative toy, use a special range of enamel colors colors: blue, blue, white, black, green, orange, red. The pattern consists of smears, circles and dots that create a festive decor. In addition to painting, the toy is decorated with nappes, which are well associated with its main form. A bright enamel pattern is beautifully complementing the figures, licking on a brown background, as the product is not primed and the background is the color of the burned clay. It is based on his toy static, but there are swans birds with sharply crumpled necks and heads, which gives them special plasticity. Among the toys there are roosters, chickens, geese, swans, ducks.

Bogorodskaya toy

Folk masters in the village of Bogorodskoye, Moscow Region, wooden carved toys are created, which, just as clay, belong to folk plastics and can be successfully used in working with children in decorative wave. For more than 350 years already in the village of Bogorodskoye near Sergiev-Posad, we have carvers for wood. In their skillful hands, the tree bars turn into fun figures. Toys are cut from Linden, which should dry before this 2 years. The main types of painted toys are chickens, birds on a stand with a moving device, etc. Cut the figurines from the whole tree, for which the blanks of different shapes are made. The surface of finished products in old masters was cleaned with sandpaper, as a result of which the figure was obtained smooth. Now toys are fried by carvings, which rhythmically falls on the surface and decorate the product. By tradition, some parts of the toy make moving. The content of toys is varied - these are plots of fairy tales, fables, sports and space, and all of them are joke toys. The traditional way is a bear.

A famous master of Bogorodskaya thread is the hereditary carpet of N.I. Maximov. For many years, he trained the cutters in a professional technical school, sought to instill not only the skills and taking of threads, but also the love of nature, to the whole living. Bogorodsky toys are widely known in our country and are famous far beyond.

Gzhel's dishes

Not far from Moscow in Ramensky district is the village of Gzhel. Pottery crafts were engaged here from a long time, about the C14 century. Dampers, kumgans, plates and toys painted by ceramic paints of brown and yellowish-green colors. Sometimes the dishes were decorated with stucco figures. Currently, Gzhel's porcelain products have won world fame due to the uniqueness of the pattern and form. Gzhel porcelain is easy to learn on blue painting on a white background. However, Silene is not one-time, and if you look carefully, you can see the finest halftones and shades that resemble the blue sky, lakes and rivers. Gzhel Masters write in china with strokes and lines, and in the ornament the pattern includes leaves and flowers: chamomiles, bells, cornflowers, roses, tulips and valley. In addition to the dishes in Gzheli make a small sculpture and toys. Among them, you can see the favorite children of fabulous characters: Alyonushka in a long dress and handkerchief, Ivan-Tsarevich with Elena beautiful on a gray wolf, Emel with a caught pike, etc. Currently, artists work to create new plots and compositions. Sculptures depicting cosmonauts and athletes with Olympic torch appeared. All works of Gzhel masters are striking the deep feeling of rhythm, harmony of form and content.

3. Acquaintance of children with folk art and learning decorative modeling in different age groups

First younger group

Acquaintance of children with decorative art should begin in the first youngest group of kindergarten. The possibilities of a child in a decorative modeling at this stage are very limited: children only adorn products using a wand or making a finger deepening. Acquaintance of children with toys takes place in the form of games, during which the teacher asks children about the fact that it depicts one or another item. Children are offered to put toys in a certain order, build a house, ladder for dolls, bridge. The kids like bright matryoshki and smooth accurate toys, they gladly turn on to the game: set on the table, placed on the ladder made of cubes, they will lead along the bridge. At the same time, children get a task to compare toys in size, highlight the main, large pieces and small parts, learn and name the shape of the parts. I especially like the kids when there are a lot of toys on the table. One or two toys almost does not attract the attention of the child, interest in them quickly disappears. Playing with Matryoshki, they tell the teacher that there are a lot of matryoshki, they are big and small, the dolls have eyes, nose, beautiful scarves, and, looking at the eyed birds, say that the bird's head is round, and the tail is long.

In the first youngest group, a folk toy is mainly used for games. However, in some occupations, the educator in order to attract children to this type of activity, shows them the ways of smearing.

There is no decorative modeling in this group, but the tendency in children to decorate its products is already observed. The first attempts of kids decorate their modeling lead to the chaotic position of the pattern along the edge of the product, which is for the child a support line. Considering this feature and knowing that the child is so easier, the task can be reduced to the decoration of the edge of the closed cookie or gingerbread. Elements of decoration can be first points, and then the strips made by a wand. Kids is fascinating the ability to make a wand of groove in clay. They do this with pleasure, realizing that their toys will become more beautiful. The desire of the baby to decorate his work the educator must support, making the relevant offers for each other case.

Second younger group

To work with children in the first half of the year, the same toys usually use as in the first youngest group, but conduct a deeper analysis of the form of objects. For example, showing the nephew to children, the teacher says that the neposk has a head, hands, calls the details of the clothes: apron, sleeves, a handkerchief, show on them beautiful, flowers, leaves and other decorative elements.

Children of the second youngest group are well perceived by the Dymkovian toy, which can be offered for viewing at the end of the first - early second half of the year. Moreover, children do not make it difficult for the conventionality of the shape and painting of these toys. They freely define objects and highlight the elements of the painting: stripes, circles, points and rings. The perception of items of folk art makes it possible to put pictorial tasks before children and trace the influence of folk art on the nature of children's modeling. However, the selection of objects for the modeling should go taking into account the age characteristics of preschoolers.

Starting from the second half of the year, children can offer to decorate a disc-shaped product with bulk shapes - balls and rollers. Performing this task, children make a cake, cake for dolls, placing elements in a certain rhythm: balls - along the edge and in the middle, and rollers - in the form of a grid or rays, diverging from the center to the edges. First, children create the basis, and then gradually decorate it. The activity of each child is manifested in the fact that the kid itself chooses the form, the size of the elements and alternates them.

The next stage is a more complex task: children are offered to cut out a cup and apply a pattern with a stack along the edge of the cup into one and several rows.

After familiarization with wooden toys, children pose birds, mushrooms, dolls in a long dress. Each item they decorate, and the ability to work the stack to transfer to the image of such parts as the mouth, nose, eyes in dolls. All this makes children's work more expressive. Thus, it is planned a certain sequence of familiarization of children of the second younger group with a folk toy and introducing decorative elements into the modeling elements. For games and viewing in this group you can use Semenov Matryoshki, Zagorsk Wooden toys and Wooden Toys Bogorodsky Masters, Kargopol Toys (Horse, Goose, Duck, Dog) and Dimkovsky (Cockerel, Nutrition Doll, Large and Small Dolls). To familiarize yourself before occupation, we can offer wooden accurate objects consisting of rounded and cone-shaped forms.

Medium group

For successful learning, the decorative modeling in the middle group continues to work on the acquaintance of children with folk creativity. For this purpose, Semenovsky nephews are used, wooden accurate Bogorodski toys, Dymkovsky Cockerels and goats, cargopol toys, painted birds from the trading, Filimon toy.

However, to reproduce in the modeling children, it is better to offer Semenov's nephews, wooden accurate toys, cargopoulic toys (dog, goose) and toys from a trading. The remaining toys are desirable to use for games and viewing.

Acquaintance of children is 4-5 years old with objects of folk creativity takes place in the form of games and short conversations. It is important for children to understand that the folk toys from any material are almost always brightly painted and that is why they are fun and joyful. The child begins to understand that in one case the pattern falls on the bulk form, in the other - on the subject, brightly painted with one color, and it is also very beautiful. You can sculpt with the children of this age a goat, a cockerel, both in the presentation and from nature, using a Dymkov toy. To do this, at the beginning of the classes, the toy is considering paying attention to its plastic and other expressive features. Next, the teacher shows some methods of modeling. The main parts of the toy are wung in advance, and the tutor only shows how they need to be connected, firmly losing to each other.

All small details: horns and a beard at a goat, scallop and wings at a cock - children should cut out themselves, you can once again consider the toy standing on the stand. The ability to approach the subject during the classes and consider it removes the tension in children while working. In addition, the child appears a desire to make the toy as beautiful as the master did.

Folded works carefully preserved, children repeatedly view them and, after they dry, burn them in a muffle furnace.

In the evening, in the presence of children, the teacher paints toys. From children's work, an exhibition is satisfied with a group that several days decorate a group, and in the future these figures children can play.

SENIOR GROUP

Fine activity of children 5-6 years has its own characteristics. At this age, the children have already become physically strengthened, minor and large muscles of the hands strengthened. Children became more attentive, their ability to memorize them; In addition, they learned during the model to control the actions of the hands, and this in turn led to a change in the nature of the image. They can independently determine the form of the object, its structure, highlight small parts and elements of decorative design, are more creatively suitable for their images.

Starting with the older group, the decorative lpakers occupy a completely definite place in the system of classes in the visual activity. When planning these classes, it is necessary to take into account their connection with folk art, as a decorative sculpture, made by folk masters, artistic dishes, decorative plates, not only have a beneficial effect on the development of the artistic taste of children, but are a good visual manual during the modeling. The skillful use of their adults expands the horizons of children, has a beneficial effect on their mental development.

For working with children of this group, artistically performed dishes, decorative plates, Dymkovsky, Kargopol, Filimonovsky and Kalininsky clay toys can be used.

In addition to clay, you can conduct classes with wooden toys. However, children must be introduced to at least two toys each species.

All objects of folk applied art are based on certain traditions and features that it is desirable to know the tutor. So, planning the acquaintance of children with decorative kitchenware, and then modeling according to these samples, you need to select those items that will help develop an imagination in children. It can be painted ceramic plates, Ukrainian bowls, "Gzhel" and. t. d.

Preparatory to school group

The pictorial activities of children 6-7 years are greatly improved. First of all, the form of winged objects becomes more completed, the proportions are specified. Children more often than in the previous group, there is a desire to supplement its modeling with such details that will decorate the handicraft and make it more expressive. This is due to the fact that the children are even more complicated physically, the small muscles of the hands developed, the movement of the fingers became more accurate, and the acuteness of vision. All this makes it possible to perform complex details using nails and painting. Children appears an aesthetic assessment of its products, which increases the demands of both the pictorial and expressive means of modeling that the child uses in its work.

The decorative modeling in this group includes an image of decorative plates, dishes and cutting figures according to the type of folk toys. At the same time they deepen the knowledge of children about folk fishers. The guys with great interest are considered decorative vessels created by potters of different nations. Bright, painted with colored Angobes and icing, they capture the imagination of children, give birth to creative ideas.

In the preparatory group of children, they introduce the new image of the image of the dishes - from the rings: the clay rings are stacked one another and tightly connected. By this way, children make different dishes. Another model of modeling is the manufacture of dishes from a piece of clay of a spherical or cylindrical form by choosing clay with a stack (pot, kink, vase). Children continue to learn, work as planned and think about their ideas in advance.

All work on decorative modeling is closely related to conversations about popular fishers. In the preparatory group, acquaintance with folk applied art acquires new forms: didactic games that deepen the presentation of children on the expressive features of decorative art objects affect the development of their mental activity; Excursions to the exhibitions of applied art, views of the diamers, slides, as well as illustrations in the books on folk art.

The selection of decorative items is carried out taking into account the fact that with many of them children have already acquainted in the older group. For children, 6-7 years old copies are selected with a more complex shape and painting. Decorative plates and dishes can be painted with fabulous flowers, birds and fish. The set of Dimkovsky dolls is expanding: waterproof, Frantha under the umbrella, also milkboard with a cow; Rider on horseback, turkey with painted tail and many others. From the cargopol toy, children can show an old man who will sew a horse, a man of a seedman, a triple and a policeman - a fabulous half-timer, published. From Filimonovsky toys to use a fox with a rooster, dancing couples and other samples that children have not yet seen. From Kalininski, you can select a chicken with an intricate joking and a rooster. From Bogorodsky toys, children will be interested in "bear and hare go to school", "Baba Yaga", "Bear-football player", "with good morning." The list of toys can be more diverse, but the tutor selects only something that has a kindergarten.

Classes for acquaintance of children with folk applied art and decorative modeling in this group are a continuation of the great work that has been done in previous groups. Therefore, children of 6-7 years should be prepared for the perception of new, more complex samples of folk art, to the absorption of new methods of modeling and painting.

The main tasks of the decorative modeling - to teach children to see the beauty of objects of folk art, raise the love of him and the ability to distinguish one fishery from another, to use decorative elements in their work to enrich the stucco image, and to transfer it the ability to the objects of an undiluted nature.

Conclusion

Summing up the foregoing, it is possible to enter the fact that the acquaintance of children with objects of folk creativity and decorative modeling is a beneficial effect on the development of children's creativity. The nature of folk art, its emotionality, decorativeness, diversity - effective means of development in children of mental activity and the comprehensive development of the child as a whole.

The work of people's masters not only brings up the guys aesthetic taste, but also forms spiritual needs, feelings of patriotism, national pride, high citizenship and humanity. The child learns that wonderful colorful items create folk masters, people gifted by fantasy, talent and kindness.

Children gradually begin to respect and love this art, to understand its plastic, ornament, color combinations, in a variety of forms and images.

The toys of all folk crafts differ in style and manner of execution, and over time the child begins to distinguish the toys of one fishery from the other, to allocate characteristic features, and it does it independently. And already in the senior and preparatory group in children under the influence of training there is a desire to make toys on the sample of those that showed them in class.

Thus, folk toys stimulate children to independent action. Knowledge gained in the process of classes and games with objects of folk art is expanding the possibilities of independent activities of children in the field of decorative modeling.

Literature

1. Gribovskaya A.A. Children about folk art. M., 2004.

2. Durassov N.A. Kargopor clay toy. L., 1986.

3. Tryogin Yu.G., Solomennikova O.A. Filimonovsky whistles: Workbook on the basics of folk art. M., 2004.

4. Komarova TS Children's artistic creativity. M., 2005.

5. Folk art in the education of preschoolers / ed. TS Mosquito. M., 2005.

6. Solomennikova O.A. The joy of creativity // Development of artistic creativity of children 5-7 years. M., 2005.

7. Khalevova N.B. Decorative modeling in kindergarten: guide for the educator / ed. MB Halezova-Zatresin. M., 2005.

Decorative and applied creativity is an extensive section of art covering various areas of artistic activity and oriented to the creation of utilitarian products. The aesthetic level of such works is usually high enough. A collective term combines two types of arts - applied and decorative. The first has signs of practical application, the second is designed to decorate the human habitat.

Creativity and utility

Applied art - what is it? First of all, these are subjects whose characteristics are close to artistic style, and their purpose is quite diverse. Vases, jugs, dishes or services made of subtle porcelain, as well as many other products served with decoration of living rooms, kitchen heads, bedrooms and children's rooms. Some items may be works of genuine art and nevertheless refer to the category of applied creativity.

Wide activity

Applied art - What is it from the point of view of the Master? Time-consuming creative process or simple handicraft, made of girlfriend? An artistic work that deserves the highest marks. The utilitarian purpose of the product does not detract from its merits. Decorative and applied creativity is a wide field of activity for artists and sculptors, designers and stylists. Especially appreciated by exclusive works of art created in a single copy. At the same time, the products manufactured by serially are counted for souvenirs.

Decorations in the house

Decorative and applied art - What is it, if we consider it as part of the aesthetic content of the household environment? It is safe to say that all products and items located around reflect the tastes of people in close proximity to them, as a person tries to surround himself with beautiful things. Decorative and applied creativity makes it possible to decorate accommodation, office space, recreation area. Special attention is paid to the design of premises for children.

And finally, applied art - what is it in understanding the public? These are exhibitions, venice, fairs and many other other public events that attach people to culture. Fine decorative and applied creativity increases the level of human development, contributes to the formation of its aesthetic taste. In addition, the exposition examination expands the common horizon. Each exhibition of applied art is the acquaintance of the general public with new achievements in the field of artistic creativity. Such events are of particular importance in the upbringing of the younger generation.

A bit of history

People's decorative and applied art originates in Russian villages. Non-good crafts of homegrown craftsmen are often classified as products in the "People's Applied Art" category. A good example of folklore style is the so-called - painted cocks, figures, decorations made of red clay.

Field is rooted in the past, he has more than four hundred years. Appeared an ancient applied artsBlastic to the folk holiday "whistle", when all the female population looked clay whistles to this day in the form of chickens, bars, horses. The walking lasted two days.

Over time, the holiday has lost its importance, and folk-applied arts continued to develop. Currently, Dymkovsky artistic products are replicated in the manufacturing association "Vyatka toy". Products are traditionally covered with leaks and paint bright, juicy paints.

Art-applied

Products of folk artistic creativity in its original form, as a rule, become the basis for fabulous characters invented by residents of Russian villages, are displayed in the famous Palekh caskets, Zhostovsky trays, wooden khokhloma products. The applied art of Russia is diverse, every direction is interesting in its own, the products of Russian masters are in high demand in foreign collectors.

"The demand gives rise to a sentence" - this wording is not better reflecting the state of affairs in the field of folk art fishery of Russia. For example, Gzhel's artistic products are popular all over the world for several centuries. Famous white-blue vases, plates, tea and desirable in every home, and especially valuable copies make up collectors pride. It is still unclear what applied art is work, craft or artistic creativity. In fact, each product requires certain efforts to create it, and at the same time it is necessary to give artistic value.

Applied Art in the Children's Room

In certain cases, the topics of artistic creativity can be addressed to the younger generation. Produced by children's hands are of particular value. The immediacy peculiar to the boys and girls of preschool age, naive fantasy in advance with the desire to express their innermost feelings give rise to real masterpieces. Children's applied art, represented by drawings, plasticine figures, cardboard men, is the most real artistic creativity. Today, throughout Russia, contests are held, in which small "artists" and "sculptors" are involved.

Modern Russian applied art

Photos, Daggerotypes, etchings, engraving, etampi, as well as many other examples, is also artistic creativity. Products can be the most different. At the same time, they are all united by belonging to social and cultural life under the general name - decorative and applied art. Works in this area are characterized by a special folklore style. No wonder all art fishery took their origin in the Russian outback, in the villages and villages. The products traced home-grown non-durability and the complete absence of that kind of claim, which is sometimes found in the works of elegant art. At the same time, the artistic level of folk art is quite high.

In Russia, decorative and applied art is part of the economic power of the country. Below is a list of the main directions of folk art fishers who received world recognition and are sent for exports in industrial volumes.

1. Varnish miniatures on a wooden basis (Palee, Mstel, Fedoskino).
2. Zhostovskaya art painting on metal, Limoges enamel, finifesty.
3. Khokhlomskaya, Gorodetskaya, Mezen art painting on a tree.
4. Gzhel, Filimonovsky toy, Dymkovsky toy - Art painting on ceramics.

Paleh.

Palekh People's Fiction appeared on Russian expanses at the beginning of the 20th century. The art of a lacquer drawing appeared in a small village of Ivanovo province called Palee. The fishery was a continuation of icon-painted art, which is rooted in Dopurerovsky times. Later, the Palen Master participated in the painting of the Moscow Kremlin, the Novodevichy Monastery, the Councils of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.

The 1917 Revolution abolished the iconist, the artists remained without work. In 1918, Palekh artist was created by the masters, in which wooden crafts ranked. Then the craftsmen learned how to create beads from papier mache and paint them in the style of miniatures using traditional iconographic technologies.

In 1923, lacquer miniatures were represented at the All-Russian agricultural and industrial exhibition, where they received a diploma of the 2nd degree. And in two years later, Phanek caskets were exhibited in Paris at the World Exhibition.

The success of unusual articles has become an incentive to create organizations "Union of Palen Artists" and "Palekh art workshops" in the artistic Foundation of the USSR.

Fedoskino

With this word, they associate Russian varnish painting with the use of fishery appeared in the village of Fedoskino in the second half of the 18th century. The drawing was applied to the products from papier-mache and then covered with a varnish in several layers.

The beginning of the art of Fedoscinsky miniature put the Russian merchant P. I. Korobov, who visited the German city of Braunschweig and introduced technologies there to create tobacker, beads, caskets and other products decorated with picturesque pictures.

Fedoskinskaya lacquer thumbnail is painted with oil paints in four receptions: first the sketch of the picture ("Zamilevok") is made, then a detailed study ("memory"), lesing - coating with transparent paints, the last process is a video transmitting glare and shadows in the image.

Fedoskinskaya technology drawing involves the use of a suspension layer from reflective components: metal powder or Potaly. In some cases, the wizard can make a lining from pearl. Transparent lescing paints together with lining create a unique effect of deep glow. The colorful layer is emphasized with a black background.

Mstel.

So called the Russian national fishing, which appeared in the middle of the 18th century in the Vladimir province. It all started with "petty letters" - miniature icons with drawing the smallest details. After the revolution of 1917, when the need disappeared into the icon painting, Mstera moved to the boxes and boxes from Papier-Masha. The drawing was applied mixed on egg yolks. By the middle of the 20th century, the technologies of Mstel's lacquer miniature were finally formed.

The basic principles of drawing patterns are to translate common circuits from the tracing to the surface of the product, then the "refine", applying the picture directly. The next stage is a detailed painting. Finally, "Plavy" - the final coloring with a glare, which includes the creative gold (the smallest golden powder). The finished product is covered with a transparent varnish in six layers with an intermediate drying, then polished.

The characteristic features of the Mstiversian painting are carpet decorativeness, the sophisticated shades and three color gammas used in the coloring: yellow chry, red and silver-blue. Topics Drawing Classic: fabulous stories, historical monuments, architecture.

Zhostovo.

People's fishery Zhostovsky is metal trays painted in a special style. Zhostovsky art originated at the beginning of the 19th century, in the villages of Trinity parish, in the suburbs. The inhabitants of the three villages (Ostashkovo, Zhostovo and Khlebnikovo) were engaged in the manufacture of painted trap-mache. And in the workshop of the Vishnyakov brothers began to make trays from tin with a colorful pattern.

The price list of cherry included two dozen of various products made of metal and papier-mâché, they were all painted, colorfully decorated and enjoyed high demand at fairs, while in the foreground there was always a painted tray.

Zhostovskaya painting is a flower theme in several versions: a bouquet of garden, the color of "ensession", garland, braided wreath. Field plants made up a separate composition.

Bouquets on a tray look like a thorough study of small parts. The color palette is used as saturated as possible. The background is usually black, the edges of the tray are decorated with openwork ornaments, vegetable or stylized under wood structure. The Zhostovsky tray is always signed manually and is an exclusive work of art.

Khokhloma

Such a name received Russian folk fishing, giving roots at the beginning of the 17th century. Khokhloma painting is the most complex and expensive of all the currently existing techniques. Artistic applied art is a long creative process associated with wood processing, multilayer primer and painting with oil paints.

The process of manufacturing Khokhloma products begins with blanks. First, the masters are eating with a wooden bars with an ax. The billets are then processed on the machines to the desired size and shape. Processed billets are called "linen". After grinding, they are missing with a special liquid clay and dried. Then already primed blanks are covered with several layers of linseed oil with intermediate drying. Next should be mud, or rubbing into the surface of the aluminum powder, after which the product becomes white-mirror color. At this stage, it is already ready for painting.

The main colors of Khokhloma are black and red (soot and cinear), auxiliary paints: gold, brown, light green and yellow. The brushes are used very thin at the same time (made exclusively from the squirrel tails), since the smears are applied barely noticeable touch.

Thematic content of drawing - rowan berries, viburnum, strawberries, small foliage, thin, slightly curved green stems. Everything is drawn by bright, intense paints, the contours are clearly designated. The image is built on the principle of contrast.

Gzhel

This is the most popular folk fishing, the traditional Russian center for the production of artistic ceramics. It takes an extensive region consisting of 27 villages under the general name of the Gzhel bush, 60 kilometers from Moscow.

Gzhel places for centuries were famous for the deposits of high-grade clay, suitable for pharmaceutical vessels. In 1770, Gzhel's highways were attributed to the pharmaceutical order. At the same time, the production of bricks, pottery pipes, chimneys and children's toys have established in Gzhelsk villages.

Cookware from Gzhel clay was especially good, light and durable. At the beginning of the 19th century, there were 25 factories for the production of dishes. The proximity of Moscow stimulated the development of the production of clay products, in the capital's fairs a fine number of bowls, plates, dishes and other kitchen utensils were sold.

Gzhel toys at the time were made of waste outflows. No matter how much clay remains, it was used all it was used for the modeling of the roosters, chickens, bars and goats. Originally handicraft workshops worked randomly, but soon a certain line in production was planned. Raw materials began to harvest specifically for souvenirs, the masters also specialized in the profile of the most sought-after products.

White shiny horses and figurines were painted in different colors until cobalt appeared, universal paint. Intense bright blue color, it is impossible to be better combined with the snow-white enamel of the workpiece. In the 50s of the last century, artists completely abandoned all other colors and began to use the present blue cobalt painting. The motifs of the drawing could be the most different, on any topic.

Other crafts

The spectrum of Russian fog-art fishery of decorative and applied art is extremely wide. Here and artistic Castle casting, and the chasing with elements of splashing. Intarsia and Marketer technologies allow you to create magnificent paintings and panels. Russian applied art is an extensive cultural reservoir of the country, society.

Project Stage:

The project is implemented

Objective of the project:

Formation in children of cognitive-creative interest in Russian folk culture, through the familiarization with the subjects of the decorative and applied arts by the masters of the centers of the Dymkov toys, Khokhloma, Gorodetskaya and Gzhelsky painting.

Project tasks:

Educational:
Continue to acquaint children with folk crafts (history of emerging) and those produced with items of decorative and applied source (Dymkovskaya toy; items made by masters of centers: Golden, Khokhloma, Gzhelev painting).
Provide children an individual trajectory of the development of knowledge of knowledge-mi in the image of decorative elements (points, mugs, strips, oxo-nichel lines, droplets, arcs, etc.).
Enrich the subject-developing environment in the group, through the beginning of creating a mini-museum of decorative and applied art in it.
Create a team of like-minded people from children and parents seeking to preserve and convey to other culture of their people.
Developing:
Develop cognitive interest, creative activity of children, analyst thinking.
Educational:
Educate interest in Russian decorative and applied arts; respect for the work of the masters; National pride for the Maranion of the Russian People.

The results achieved over the past year:

This project allowed:
1. Change the position of parents to enjoy children to national culture.
2. To form a team of like-minded children from children and parents through joint activities on the topic of the project.
3. To introduce into the practice of family leisure, visits to exhibitions, museums and venice together with children.

Social significance of the project:

Modern Russian Federation or Russia, as we call it now, was formed on December 25, 1991. This new state has united into a single integer, representatives of more than 200 nationalities.
All these people, creating a new community, continue to carefully maintain the national peculiarity of the history and culture of previous generations.
This unique centuries-old national wealth of every people, in turn, is revealed in the art of painting, literature, architecture, support of traditions of celebrating people's holidays and, of course, in folk fishers.
It is the folk crafts in products of their masters give us the opportunity:
 See the beauty of the native nature captured in the elements of painting;
 Testing a sense of pride, for your people (masters create products famous to the world and living next to us);
 support interest in history and cultural heritage of their people;
 Riping patriotic feelings in young citizens of a large multinational country and much more.
Given all this, preschool pedagogy for a long time recognizes the enormous educational value of people's decorative and applied art and uses it in working with children. This is indicated in their works and such art-sovereigns, researchers of children's visual creativity as: A.V. Baku-Shinsky, pp Blonsky, TS Shatsky, A.P. Usova, N.P. Sakulin, TS Komaro-Va, N.B. Halezova, T.A. Spicalova, so-called. Doronov, A.A. Gribovskaya, V.Ya. Yezikeeva and others.
But, conducting express diagnostics of parents and children, came to the conclusion that the knowledge of children about the decorative and applied art is fragmentary and superficial. What is the matter?
1. The acquisition of children to folk culture in everyday life is difficult, since most of them we live in conditions of large cities and our relationship with nature and peasant lifestyle with his songs, dancing, costume, the subjects of people's masters are violated.
2. Most of the time, the parents of our children actively work and the daily leisure of preschoolers in the conditions of the house usually goes for a review of cartoons, films or video games.
3. Only units of families on the day off is attempting to visit the exhibition or expositions in the local lore museum, or as a friend to familiarize themselves and attend their children to national culture.
4. Having home different objects of decorative and applied art (and this is 70% of the respondents), no one is paying time for the story of children about where these items, to which fishing they are related to, as parents themselves are informed. Especially the games are not practiced with these objects.
5. Support for national traditions is reduced in most cases to the celebration of folk holidays (Christmas, carnival).

Hence, the lack of its own cultural orientation inevitably leads to the loss of the nation of his person, as President V.V. President noted in his address to the Federal Assembly Putin. We become like Ivanov, who do not remember their kinship.
All this led us (educators) to the need to focus on the birth, leu on this and actively include them together with children to work on the project: "People's decorative and applied art for children."

Events conducted within the project:

1. Visited:
Vernissage (Moscow);
Museum of People's Applied Arts on the basis of PTU№130, Ivanteevka;
The exhibition for the sale of products of folk masters during the celebration of the Day of the City.
2. Created in groups of mini-museums of decorative and applied art.
3. Developed an abstract classes in familiarization with folk crafts and conducted classes.
4. Prepared albums on fisheries.
5. Acknowledged a cardote of didactic games:
"Colored droplets"; "Third wheel"; "Name correctly"; "Guess what painted?"; "Make a pattern according to the sample"; "Patterns on the dishes"; "What changed?"; "Fourth extra"; "What forgot to draw an artist?"
Designer: "Dymkovsky Baryn"; "Young lady"; "Find the outfit for the Dymkovsky" Lamishni "; "Apronukhek"; "Gorodetsky patterns".
6. Fulfilled a selection of physical attacks.
7. Released a newspaper: "How we are preparing to the fair."
8. The exhibitions of the artistic and creative activities of children were issued: "Dymkovsky fairy tale", "Gorodetskaya painting", "Golden Khokhloma", "Gzhel".
9. Collected video materials with educational films: "Golden Khokhloma"; "Golden Khokhloma 2"; "How to make Gzhel"; "Black horse is a white mane."
10. Parents sewed costumes to participate in the final event and could prepare the event.

Tuesday, February 15, 2011 10:20 + in quote

The article is written on the materials of the site "Country Masters" (mainly).

Studying the newly discovered site "Country of Masters" and without ceasing to be surprised and admire the variety of applied creativity techniques and the talentedness of our people, decided to systematize the techniques.
The list will be replenished as new techniques are found.

* Paper-related techniques:

1. Iris Folding ("Rainbow Folding") - paper folding technique. Appeared in Holland. The technique requires attention and accuracy, but it makes it possible to easily make spectacular postcards or decorate the pages of a memorable album (scrapbooking) interesting decorative elements.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/776.

2. Paperoplasty in terms of creativity is very similar to the sculpture. But, in paper plastic, all products inside the empty, all products - shells of the image. And in sculpture - either there is an increase in volume with additional elements, or is removed (cut off) unnecessary.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/462.

3. Harphrubs - so called the technique of performing products in which tubules made of corrugated paper are used to decorate surfaces or to create volumetric figures. Corrugated pipes are obtained by screwing the paper strip on a stick, a pencil or a needle with a subsequent compression. A compressed corrugated pipe holds the form well and has many options for execution and use.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1492.

4. Quilling (from the English quilling - from the word Quil "Bird Feather") - the art of paperwork. It originated in medieval Europe, where the nuns created medallions, spinning paper strips on the tip of a bird feather with gold-plated edges, which created the imitation of gold miniatures.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/587.
http://stranamasterov.ru/node/1364.

4. Origami (from Yap. Letters: "Folded paper") - ancient art of folding paper figures. The art of origami is their roots goes to the ancient China, where the paper was opened.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/560
Views:
- Kirigami- type of origami, in which the use of scissors and cutting paper in the process of manufacturing the model is allowed. This is the main difference between Kirigami from other paper folding techniques, which is underlined in the title: Kiru - cut, kami - paper.
Pop-Up is a whole direction in art. This technique combines the elements of the technician.
- Kirigami and cutting and allows you to create bulk designs and postcards folding into a flat figure.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1723.
- Kusudama (with jap. Letters. "Drug ball") - a paper model that usually (but not always) is formed crossing together the ends of the set of identical pyramidal modules (usually it is stylized flowers, isolated from a square sheet of paper), so that the body is fine Forms. Alternatively, individual components can be glued together (for example, cushudam on the bottom photo is completely glued, and not sewn). Sometimes, like decoration, a brush is attached from below.
The art of Kushudam comes from an ancient Japanese tradition, when the cushudams were used for the Fimiam and a mixture of dry petals; Perhaps these were the first real bouquets of flowers or herbs. The Word itself represents a combination of two Japanese words of Kushuri (medicine) and Tama (ball). Currently, Kushudama is usually used to decorate or as gifts.
Kusudama is an important part of origami, in particular as the predecessor of modular origami. It is often confused with modular origami, which is incorrect, since the elements that make up Kushudam, sewn or glued, and not invested in each other, as the modular origami involves.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/850
- Origami from the circles - the folding of the origami from the paper circle. Usually, appliqué is then glued out of the folded parts.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1636
- Origami modular - the creation of volumetric figures from the triangular origami modules - invented in China. The whole figure is collected from a variety of identical parts (modules). Each module creates according to the rules of classical origami from one sheet of paper, and then the modules are connected by investing them into each other. The friction force appears at the same time does not allow the design to get enough.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/15

5. Papier-Masha (Fr. Papier-Mâché "Beeble Paper") - Easy to-molding Mass obtained from a mixture of fibrous materials (paper, cardboard) with adhesive substances, starch, plaster, etc. From Papier Masha makes dads , masks, teaching aids, toys, theater butafory, caskets. In some cases, even furniture.
In Fedoskino, Pheeh, the Papier Masha Holoo make the basis for traditional varnish miniatures.
You can decorate the blank from papier-mache not only with paints, painting as famous artists, but using a decoupage or an assembly.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/561

7. Embossing (Other Name "Embossing") - Mechanical extrusion, creating images on paper, cardboard, polymer material or plastic, foil, on parchment (technique is called "Pergamano", see the junction), as well as on the skin or on Berrétte, In which on the material itself it turns out a relief image of a convex or concave stamp when or without it, sometimes with additional use of foil and paint. Embossing is carried out mainly on binding covers, postcards, invitation cards, labels, soft packs, etc.
This type of work can be determined by many factors: effort, texture and material thickness, direction of its cutting, layout and other factors.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1626.
Views:
- Pergamano - parchment paper (dense rolling trash) is processed by an embossing tool and in the processing process becomes convex and whites. In this technique, interesting postcards are obtained, you can also apply this technique for the design of the scrapist.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1705
- texturing - applying an image with a cliché on a smooth material, usually metallized paper, in order to simulate stamping by foil. It is also used to imitate the skin of certain rocks (for example, cliché with a pattern that imitating crocodile skin, etc.)

* Weaving techniques:
The man learned the weaving much earlier than the pottery. At first he was from the long branches of the housing (roofs, hedges, furniture), all sorts of baskets for different needs (cradle, taues, wagons, ships, lumps) and shoes. Man learned to braid her hair in braids.
With the development of this type of needlework, more and more different materials appeared for use. It turned out that we can weave from everything that comes across: from the vine and the reel, out of the ropes and threads, of the skin and bark, from the wire and beads, from the newspapers .... There have been such weaving techniques like sloping, weaving from Beresta and Kamyshem , frivitis, nodular weaving Macrame, weaving on Cocnelushki, Beading, Gaucker, Weaving cumsichimo cords, rolling weaving, weaving nets, Indian weaving Mandala, their imitation (weaving paper strips and candy, weaving newspapers and magazines) ...
As it turned out, this kind of needlework is popular so far, after all, applying it, you can weigh many beautiful and useful things, decorate our home.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/302.

1. Beading, like beads itself, has a centuries-old history. The ancient Egyptians were the first to learn to spit from bead threads of necklaces, to nove the bracelets and cover the female dresses with bead nets. But only in the excesses began the real flourishing of beading production. For a long time, the Venetians thoroughly protected the secrets of creating a glass miracle. Masters and craftswomen decorated with beads and shoes, wallets and handbags, covers for fans and eyeling, as well as other elegant things.
With the appearance of beads in America, the indigenous people began to use it instead of traditional Indian usual materials. For ritual belt, cradle, naked dressings, baskets, hair mesh, servo, tobacker ..
In the extreme north embroidery beaded, the fur coats, Unputs, hats, reindeer harness, sunscreen leather glasses ...
Our great-grandmothers were very ingenious. Amazing objects are found among the huge variety of elegant baubles. Brushes and covers on chalk, toothpick covers (!), Ink mill, peer and pencil, collar for the beloved dog, cup holder, lace collars, Easter eggs, chess boards and much more-lots.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1355

2. Gaucker - Exclusive Maltese needlework. It was in the mediterranean monasteries that this technique has been preserved for the creation of beautiful flowers to decorate the altar.
A thin spiral wire and silk threads for winding parts, as well as beads, pearls or beads are used. Shiny flowers are graceful and easy.
In HVI, a spiral wire made of gold or silver was called Italian "CANUTIGLIA", and in Spanish "Canutillo", in Russian, this word is probably transformed into the "Danitel".
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1170

3. Macrame (from Arabic. - Tape, fringe, lace or from Turkish. - Scarf or napkin with fringe) - technique of nodule weaving.
The technique of this nodule weaving is known since antiquity. According to some data, Macrame came to Europe in the VIII-IX centuries from the East. This technique was known in ancient Egypt, Assyria, Iran, Peru, China, Ancient Greece.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/750

4. Weaving lace on Cockles. Russia is still well known - Vologda, Yeletsky, Kirovsky, Belevsky, Mikhailovsky crafts.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1687

5. Frivitis is a wicker nodule lace. It is also called shuttle lace, as it woves this lace with a special shuttle.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1728.

* Effects related to painting, various types of painting and creating images:

Drawing is a genre in visual art and the corresponding technique that create a visual image (image) on any surface or an object using graphic tools, drawing elements (as opposed to picturesque elements), mainly from lines and strokes.
For example: a drawing of coal, a pencil drawing, a drawing of ink and feather ...
Painting is a type of visual art associated with the transfer of visual images by applying paints to a solid or flexible basis; creating images using digital technologies; And also works of art made in such ways.
The most common works of painting, made on flat or almost flat surfaces, such as a canvas stretched on a subframe, wood, cardboard, paper, treated wall surfaces, etc. Including paintings include paints images on decorative and ceremonial vessels whose surfaces may have a complicated form.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1218.

1. Batik - hand-painted with tissue using reserving compositions.
Technique Batik is based on the fact that paraffin, rubber glue, as well as some other resins and varnishes, being applied to the fabric (silk, cotton, wool, synthetics), do not miss the paint - or, as artists say, "reserve" from Coloring individual sections of fabric.
There are several types of batik - hot, cold, knotted, free painting, free painting using salt mortar, chibori.
Batik - Batik - Indonesian Word. Translated from the Indonesian word "Ba" - means cotton fabric, and "-tik" - "point" or "drop". Ambatik - draw, cover drops, stroke.
The painting "Batik" has long been known for the peoples of Indonesia, India and others. In Europe - from the twentieth century.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/916.

2. Stained glass (lat. Vitrum - Glass) is one of the types of decorative art. Glass or other transparent material is the main material. From deep ancient, the history of stained glass begins. Initially, the glasses were inserted into the window or doorway, then the first mosaic patterns and independent decorative compositions, panels made of colored pieces of glass or painted with special paints along the simple glass appear.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/886.

3. Plug - a technique based on paint blowing through the tube (on a sheet of paper). This ancient technique was traditional as for the creators of ancient images (bone tubes were used).
Modern tubes for juice are no worse in use. They help to blow out recognizable, unusual, and sometimes fantastic drawings from a small amount of liquid paint on a sheet of paper.

4. Guilloation - the extinguishing technique of an openwork pattern on the fabric manually using the ignorary apparatus was developed and patented by Zinanya Petrovna Kotenkova.
Guilization requires accuracy in work. It must be performed in a single color scheme and correspond to the ornamental style of a given composition.
Napkins, panels with applications, bookmarks for books, handkerchiefs, collars - all this and much more, which will tell your fantasy, will decorate any home!
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1342.

5. Groatage (from the French Gratter - scrub, scratch) - Scratch technique.
The drawing is highlighted by pumping with a pen or a sharp tool on paper or cardboard, filled with inlet (so as not to be broken down to add a little to add detergent or shampoo, just a few drops).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/686.

6. Mosaic is one of the most ancient arts. This is a way to create an image from small elements. Mosaic collection is very important for the mental development of the child.
Maybe from different materials: Bottle covers, beads, buttons, plastic chips, Wooden saws Splits or matches, magnetic pieces, glass, ceramic pieces, small pebbles, shells, thermo mosaic, tetris mosaic, coins, pieces of fabric or paper, Surrently, cereals, cabbage seeds, pasta, any natural material (cones of cones, needles, watermelon and melon seeds), chips from a pencil, bird pyrs, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/438.

7. Monotypia (from Greek Monos - one, single and tupos - imprint) - one of the simplest graphic techniques.
On the smooth surface of glass or thick glossy paper (it should not pass water) - a drawing of gouache paint or paints is made. The sheet of paper is superimposed on top and attached to the surface. It turns out the impression in the mirror image.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/663.

8. Night graphics (stint, image thread, thread design) - a graphic image, specially made by threads on cardboard or other solid base. The filament graphic is also sometimes called inscription or embroidery in the cardboard. As a base, you can still use velvet (velvet paper) or tight paper. Threads can be ordinary sewing, woolen, moulin or others. You can also use colored silk threads.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/452.

9. Ornament (lat. Ornamentum - decoration) - a pattern based on repeating and alternating the components of its elements; It is intended for decorating various items (utensils, guns and weapons, textiles, furniture, books, etc.), architectural structures (both from outside and in the interior), works of plastic arts (mainly applied), in primitive peoples also Human body (coloring, tattoo). Associated with the surface that he decorates and visually organizes, the ornament, as a rule, reveals or emphasizes the architectonics of the subject to which it is applied. The ornament either operates with distracted forms, or stylists real motifs, often schematizing them beyond recognition.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1222.

10. Print.
Views:
- Printing with a sponge. A marine sponge is suitable for this, and the usual, intended for washing dishes.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1094.
As a starting material for stamping with a print-cliché, a tree is usually used to make it comfortably in hand. One side is done smooth, because Cardboard placed on it, and on cardboard - patterns. They (patterns) can be made of paper, from the rope, from the old elasty, from the root plates ...
- stamp (stamping). As a starting material for stamping with a print-cliché, a tree is usually used to make it comfortably in hand. One side is done smooth, because Cardboard placed on it, and on cardboard - patterns. They (patterns) can be made of paper, from a rope, from an old elasty, from rooteploods, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1068.

11. Pointilism (Fr. Pointillisme, literally "dotted") - Style of letters in painting, using clean, not mixed in paint palette, applied with small strokes of a rectangular or round form, based on their optical mixing in the eye of the viewer, in contrast to the mixture of paints on the palette. Optical mixing of three main colors (red, blue, yellow) and pairs of additional colors (red - green, blue - orange, yellow - purple) gives a much greater brightness than a mechanical mixture of pigments. The composition of the colors with the formation of shades occurs at the point of perception of the picture by the viewer From a long distance or reduced.
The founder of the style was Georges Sere.
Another name of the Pointelism is Divisionism (from Lat. Divisio - separation, crushing).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/700

12. Drawing with palms. Little children are difficult to use a drawing tassel. There is a very exciting occupation that the child will give new feelings, will develop a small motility of the hands, will give the opportunity to discover the new and magical world of artistic creativity - it is drawing with palms. Drawing with your palms, small artists develop their fantasy and abstract thinking.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1315

13. Drawing leaf prints. Having gathered the various fallen leaves, spread every leaf of gouache from the stream. The paper on which you are going to leave the impression can be colored or white. Press the sheet painted side to the paper sheet gently remove it by taking the "tail" (petiole). This process can be repeated once again. And so, drawing the items, you already fly over a butterfly flower.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/667.

14. Painting. One of the most ancient species of folk crafts, which for several centuries were an integral part of the daily life and the original culture of the people. In Russian folk art, there are a large number of species of this type of decorative and applied art.
Here is some of them:
- Zhostovskaya painting is an old Russian national folk fishing, originated at the beginning of the XIX century, in the village of Zhostovo Mytishchi district of the Moscow region. It is one of the most famous species of Russian folk painting. Zhostovsky trays are painted by hand. Usually, on a black background, color bouquets are depicting.
- Gorodetskaya painting - Russian folk artistic fishery. There is from the middle of the XIX century. in the city of Gorodets. Bright, concise city painting (genre scenes, horses, cocks, roosters, floral patterns), made by a free smear with white and black graphic stroke, decorated with strawberries, furniture, shutters, doors.
- Khokhloma painting - ancient Russian national folk fishing, born in the XVII century in the district of Nizhny Novgorod.
Khokhloma is a decorative painting of wooden dishes and furniture, performed by black and red (as well as, occasionally, green) color on a golden background. A silver tin powder is applied to the wood when performing mural. After that, the product is covered with a special composition and is treated three or four times in the furnace, which achieves a unique honey-golden color, which gives a light wooden dishes with a massive effect. Traditional elements of Khokhloma - red juicy berries of rowabins and strawberries, flowers and branches. Often there are birds, fish and beasts.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/301

15. Encausky (from Dr. Greek. "The art of burning") - the technique of painting, in which the binding of the paint is wax. Painting is performed by paints in the molten form (hence the name). A variety of enkautics is wax temperatures, characterized by brightness and juice of paints. Many early Christian icons are written in this technique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1485

* Techniques associated with sewing, embroidery and use of fabrics:
Sewing is a conversational form from the verb "Sewby", i.e. What is sewn or sewn.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1136

2. Patchwork, Quilt, Quilting or Patchwork Sewing is folk decorative art, with centuries-old traditions and stylistic features. This is a technique using pieces of multi-colored tissues or knitted elements of geometric shapes for connecting to a bedspread, blouse or bag.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1347
Views:
- Artichok is a kind of patchwork, which received its name because of the similarity with the fruits of artichoke. This technique has other names - "cloves", "corners", "scales", "feathers".
By and large in this technique, everything comes down to folding cut parts and sewing them to the base in a certain sequence. Or, using paper, draw up (sticking) various panels round (or multifaceted form) on the plane or in volume.
You can sew in two ways: the edge of the blanks to send the main part to the center, or to its edges. This is if we sew a flat product. In volumetric products, the edges to a narrower part. Folded parts are not necessarily cut in the form of squares. These can be rectangles, and circles. In any case, we meet with the folding of the cut blanks, therefore, it can be argued that these patchwork technicians belong to the family of patchwork origami, and since they create a volume, then, therefore, to the "3D" technique.
Example: http://stranamasterov.ru/node/137446?tid\u003d1419.
- Crazy-quilt. Recently faced with such a kind. In my opinion, it is a multimeode.
The essence is that the product is created from a combination of various techniques: Patchwork + embroidery + painting, etc.
Example:

3. Tsums Kanzashi. The basis of the Tsumami technology is origami. Only stack not paper, but the squares of natural silk. The word "Tsumami" means "to defend": the master takes a piece of folded silk using tweezers or tweezers. Petals of future colors are then laid on the basis.
Hairpins (Kanzashi), decorated with a silk flower, and gave the name to a whole new type of decorative and applied art. This technique made decorations for the ridges, and for individual sticks, as well as for complex structures composed of different accessories.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1724

* Knitting techniques:
What is knitting? This is the process of manufacturing products from continuous threads by bending them to loops and connections to loops with each other using simple tools manually (knitted hook, needles).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/729

1. Knitting on the fork. An interesting way to crochet with a special device - a plug, curved in the form of the letter U. The result is light, air patterns.
2. Crochet (tambour) - the process of manual manufacture of the canvas or lace from the threads with a knitting hook. Creating not only dense, embossed patterns, but also thin, openwork, resembling a lace canvas. Patterns of knitting consist of different combinations of loops and columns. Proper ratio - the thickness of the hook should be almost twice the thickness of the thread.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/858
3. Simple (European) knitting on the needles allows combining several types of loops, which creates simple and complex openwork patterns.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1157
4. Tunisian knitting with a long crochet (both alone and several loops can be involved at the same time to create a pattern).
5. Jacquard knitting - patterns are confused on the knitting of the threads of several colors.
6. Filenial knitting - imitates the fillet-guipure embroidery on a special grid.
7. Guipure knitting (Irish or Brussels lace) crochet.

2. Dipping. One species is drunk the jigsaw. Decorating your life and home comfortable for everyday life with handmade products or children's toys, you are joying from the appearance and pleasure from the process of creating them.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1418

3. Thread - type of decorative and applied art. It is one of the types of artistic wood processing along with drinking, lathe.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1113

* Other self-sufficient techniques:
1. Applique (from lat. "Applying") is a way to work with colored pieces of various materials: paper, fabric, leather, fur, felt, colored beads, beads, woolen threads, metal chased plates, all kinds of matter (velvet, satin, Silk)., Dried leaves ... Such application of various materials and structures in order to enhance expressive opportunities very close to another image tool - collage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/364.
There are also:
- Application from plasticine - Plasticiography is a new type of decorative and applied art. It is the creation of stucco paintings with a picture of more or less convex, the semi volume objects on the horizontal surface. In essence, it is rarely found, a very expressive appearance of "painting.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1243.
- Application from "Ladoshek". Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/612.
- Publishing applique - one of the species of multifaceted technique Appliqué. Everything is simple and accessible as in the layout of the mosaic. The base is a sheet of cardboard, material - torn to pieces of sheet paper sheet (several colors), tool - glue and your hands. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1346.

2. Assembly (FR. Assemblage) - technique of visual art, a related collage, but using volumetric parts or entire objects, applicatively complicated on the plane as a picture. Allows scenic supplements with paints, as well as metal, wood, cloth and other structures. Sometimes it also applies to other works, from photomontage to spatial compositions, since the terminology of the newest visual art did not fully be established.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1412.

3. Paper tunnel. The original English name of this Tunnel Book technology is that you can translate as a book or paper tunnel. The essence of the technique is well traced from the English title Tunnel - the tunnel is a through hole. The multi-layer of the components of the "books" (Book) is well transmitted by the feeling of the tunnel. There is a three-dimensional greeting card. By the way, this technique successfully combines different types of techniques, such as - scrapbooking, applique, cutting, creating layouts and volumetric books. She is something like origami, because Directed on the folding of paper in a certain way.
The first paper tunnel was dated mid-XVIII century. and was the embodiment of theatrical scenes.
Traditionally, paper tunnels are created in memory of any event or sold as souvenirs for tourists.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1411

4. Cutting - the term is very wide understanding.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/701
Cut from paper, from foam, from foam rubber, from birch, from plastic bottles, from soap, from plywood (though, this is already called drinking), of fruits and vegetables, as well as from other different materials. Apply various tools: scissors, slicing knives, scalpel. Cut masks, hats, toys, postcards, panels, flowers, figures and more.
Views:
- Cutout Silhouette is such a reception of cutting, in which cutting on the eye of the objects of the asymmetric structure, with curvilinear contours (fish, birds, animals, etc.), with complex outlines of figures and smooth transitions from one part to another. Silhouettes are easily recognizable and expressive, they must be without minor details and, as it were, in motion. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1416
- Cutting symmetrical. With symmetrical cutting, we repeat the contours of the image that should fit into the paper sheet folded in half, consistently complicating the outlines of the shape to correctly transmit external features in the stylized form in the applications.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/466.
- Vytnanka - the art of cutting out openwork patterns from color, white or black paper has since when paper was invented in China. And such a type of cutting began to be called Jiangzhi. This art has spread all over the world: China, Japan, Vietnam, Mexico, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ukraine, Lithuania and many other countries.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/563.
- Carving (see).

5. Decoupage (from French Decoupage - Sonsistent, "What is carved") is a decoration technique, appliqués, decorating with the help of carved paper motifs. Chinese peasants in the XIIV. They began to decorate furniture. And in addition to carved patterns from thin colorful paper, began to cover it with varnish to look like painting! So, together with beautiful furniture in Europe, this technique fell.
Today, the most popular material for decoupage is three-layer napkins. Hence another name - "Nipening machinery". Application can be absolutely limitless - dishes, books, boxes, candles, vessels, musical instruments, colors pots, bottles, furniture, shoes and even clothes! Any surface - leather, wood, metal, ceramics, cardboard, textiles, gypsum - should be monophonic and light, because The drawing, carved from the napkin, should be clearly visible.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/722.

6. Carving (from English. Carvu - cut, cut, engrave, cut; carving - carving, carved work, carved ornament, carved figure) in cooking - this is the simplest form of sculpture or engraving on the surface of products from vegetables and fruits, so short-lived decorations Table.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1339

7. Collage is a creative genre when the work is created from the carved a wide variety of images pasted on paper, canvas or in a digital variant. Comes from FR. Papier Collée - Claimed Paper. Very quickly, this concept began to be used in an extended value - a mixture of various elements, a bright and expressive message from fragments of other texts, fragments collected on the same plane.
The collage may be devoted by any other means - ink, watercolor, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/324

8. Designer (from lat. Constructor "Builder") - a multi-valued term. For our profile it is a set of conjugate details. That is, the details or elements of a certain future layout, information about which is collected by the author, is analyzed and embodied in a beautiful, artistic product performed.
Designers differ in the type of material - metal, wood, plastic and even paper (for example, paper origami modules). With a combination of differential elements, interesting designs arise for games and a cheerful pastime.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/984.

9. Improke - giving shape to plastic material (plasticine, clay, plastic, salt dough, snow lump, sand, etc.) with the help of hands and auxiliary tools. This is one of the basic techniques of sculpture, which is designed to master the primary principles of this technique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/670

10. The layout is a copy of the object with a change in size (usually reduced), which is satisfied with the preservation of proportions. The layout should also transmit the main signs of the object.
To create this unique work, you can use various materials, it all depends on its functional purpose (exhibition layout, gift, presentation, etc.). It can be paper, cardboard, plywood, wooden shelter, gypsum and clay parts, wire.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1397
The type of layout - the model is a valid layout that depicts (imitates) any essential features of the original. Moreover, attention is concentrated on certain sides of the simulated object or equally detailing it. The model is created to use, for example, for visual-model learning mathematics, physics, chemistry and other school items, for the sea or air club. A variety of materials are used in modeling: balloons, light and plastic mass, wax, clay, gypsum, papier-mâché, salty dough, paper, foam, foam rubber, matches, threads for knitting, cloth ...
Modeling is the creation of such a model that is reliably close to the original.
"Models" are called those layouts that act. And models that do not work, i.e. Strand - is usually called a layout.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1353.

11. Soaping. Animals and vegetable fats can be used as raw materials for the main component of soap, yields (synthetic fatty acids, rosin, naphthenic acids, tall oil).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1631

12. Sculpture (Lat. Sculptura, from Sculpo - cut out, carving) - sculpture, plastic - type of visual art, whose works have a volumetric form and are performed from solid or plastic materials (metal, stone, clay, wood, plaster, ice, snow , sand, foam rubber, soap). Treatment methods - modeling, carving, casting, forging, chasing, cutting, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1399

13. Weaving - production from yarn of fabric and textile.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1318.

14. Filtering (or polling, or felting) - Wool felting. It happens "wet" and "dry".
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/736

15. Flat chasing is one of their types of decorative and applied arts, as a result of knocking out a certain ornamental relief on the plate, drawing, inscriptions or a round curly image, sometimes close to engraving, a new artwork is created.
Processing material is carried out using a rod - Chekane, which will be vertically, at the top end of which they beat the hammer. Moving the check is gradually a new form manifests itself. The material must have a certain plasticity and the ability to change under the influence of force.
Examples:

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