Useful product list for a week. Personal basket: Legislative regulation of consumption

The minimum product basket is more expensive in the village of Baikalovo Sverdlovsk region, cheaper than all - in Naberezhnye Chelny. Such a conclusion can be done by examining the "Magnit" prices in 1273 settlements of the country

Photo: Catherine Kuzmina / RBC

What and how

The basis of the calculations of the "Magnit" basket is the Rosstatovsky "List of products included in the conditional (minimum) food set". In the list of 33 points, analysts were excluded from it one - lamb, which is far from every store (the list is given at the end of the article). Part of the positions of analysts clarified: for example, in the list of Rosstat, it is simply margarine, and margarine with a fat content of 40% is used to calculate the magnet basket.

The basket is calculated for 1273 settlements, where the magnet shops are located and where all selected positions are presented. For calculations, products that are fully relevant descriptions are used, or in their absence closest to it. The price for each product is becoming minimal. The mass of the product that Rosstat in the list leads to the conditional calculation for a year is divided by 12 months. For example, Rosstat takes the consumption of millet 6 kg per year, it means that the cost of 500 is used for monthly calculation.

What depends on the price

If we group prices by region, calculating the arithmetic average for all their available points, the most expensive (basket is above 3000 rubles) will be the Tyumen region and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District. "The pricing affects, on the one hand, a higher level of income of the population in the oil regions," explains Senior Analyst Raiffeisenbank Natalia Kolupaeva. - And on the other - the higher cost of logistics in remote cities. "

Moscow did not enter the top 10 of the most expensive regions, but the St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region were hit. This is explained, in particular, the lower level of competition between suppliers, the general director of the Infoline-Analytics company, Mikhail Burmistrov, believes: "In St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, the number of local suppliers of the main categories of products - vegetables, bakery products, milk, so their wholesale prices are significantly higher than in the capital. "

The cheapest is below 2500 rubles. - The grocery basket in March could be bought in ten regions of Russia. These are mainly regions with a low level of income of the population: Saratov, Penza, Volgograd Region, Republic of Chuvashia, Udmurtia and others. Also, the lower cost of the basket is observed in the regions with developed agriculture: for example, the Republic of Tatarstan took the third place in the ranking of the cheapest, the burramuses.

The price of the basket is often dramatically different in different locations in one region. For example, the leader in the high cost - the village of Baikalovo Sverdlovsk region (3181 rubles), and the city of Revda of the same Sverdlovsk region took only the 1138th place (2529 rubles). Sometimes the scatter is explained by logistics, sometimes competing. "Magnit" works in many small settlements, and if retailer has to compete only with conditional tents on wheels, he does not have to give big discounts, "explains Kolweeva from Raiffeisenbank. In the inverse situation, with high competition, "Magnit" often tries to make its minimal grocery basket cheaper. In addition, each store has a planned performance indicator, which also affects the price level, adds burmusers: "To make the store to fulfill the plan on the turnover, prices for certain goods may decline or increase depending on the situation."

Why the basket is cheaper

In May 2015, from which the "Gradotek" began to collect the data "Magnit", the average cost of the consumer basket was 3019 rubles, and in March 2016 - 2749 rubles, that is, the basket fell in price for ten months by almost 10%. While inflation in March 2016 was 7.3% by March 2015.

The networks consciously go to subsidize prices for some categories of products to attract buyers, analysts explain: Now many consumers run between networks in search of the best price, so retailers are important to have goods with the most competitive prices. Thus, in the latest study "Consumer Index Ivanov" analysts Sberbank CIB indicated that now the average number of retail chains in which the Russians are middle class, 2.2. Due to marketing, inflation on the shelves of the largest Russian networks is significantly lower than the total official food inflation, they noted. "People are looking for products-substitutes or products on the stock, as a result, income inside the majority of product categories," explains Kolupaeva.

What do not need to do with the basket

The cost of the basket, calculated at the prices of "magnet", cannot be directly compared with the cost of a basket calculated by Rosstat. The differences between them are not exhausted excreted from the lamb list. It should be noted at least two: the magnetic basket is considered to be on populated points, and Rosstatovskaya - by region, and Rosstat removes data not only from discounters, but also from premium retailers, and in general not only with retail chains. The cost of consumer basket of Rosstat at the end of March 2016 amounted to 3655 rubles, which is 1.3 times more than that of the "magnet".

Finally, you should not do from the cost and composition of the basket of hasty conclusions about the life of ordinary Russians. From this, Rosstat warns: "The given data in the weight gain (quantity) of goods is conditional and do not reflect the real consumption of their population."

Minimum grocery basket (32 products)

Vermicell - 500 g
Beef (bladder meat) - 1.25 kg
Peas and beans - 608 g
White Cabbage Fresh - 2.92 kg
Caramel - 58.33 g
Fresh potatoes - 12.5 kg
Chilled and ice cream chickens - 1.17 kg
Fresh onions - 1.67 kg
Margarine (40%) - 500 g
Sunflower oil refined deodorized - 583.33 g
Creamy butter (72.5%) - 150 g
Drinking milk Pasteurized milk (2.5-3.2%) - 9.17 l
Fresh carrot - 2.92 kg
Wheat flour of top grade - 1.67 kg
Fresh cucumbers - 150 g
Black Pepper (Polka Dot) - 60.83 g
Cookies - 58.33 g
Millet - 500 g
Rice polished length - 416.67 g
Fish ice cream unrequited - 1.17 kg
Sugar sand - 1.67 kg
Pork (bladder meat) - 333.33 g
Salted herring - 58.33 g
Sour cream (20%) - 150 g
Salt cooking food - 304.17 g
Cheeses are served solid and soft (40-50%) - 208.33 g
Cottage cheese (1.8-2%) - 833.33 g
Bread and bakery products from wheat flour 1 and 2 varieties - 6.25 kg
Bread from rye flour and from a mixture of rusty and wheat flour - 9.58 kg
Black Baich tea - 41.67 g
Fresh apples - 1.55 kg
Eggs chicken canteens (grade 1 and grade 2) - 15 pieces

A certain composition of goods and services that in the minimum set for the year provides a person to normal existence and satisfies the needs, the definition of the "consumer basket" is given. We suggest to understand whether the cost will change and consumer basket composition for 2016.

The main characteristics of the concept

In fact, this term means more than just the minimum consumer list. Many other economic indicators depend on this economic characteristic - a direct dependence has a subsistence minimum, and the minimum wage and some social benefits are already calculated.

The composition of the basket changes once every five years. The rest dependent on the basket of the consumer indicators change, of course, more often. This is due to the constant change in the value of the main food and non-food products, as well as services that are included in the consumer basket.

The last change in the consumer list occurred two years ago. From the first days of 2013 and to the present there is a certain composition. The following change is supposed already in 2018.

Computer Basket Composition 2016

Let's see what the consumer basket will consist in 2016.

Almost half of this list occupy food. By the way, in consumer baskets of developed countries, food has only 20 percent. But this is not surprising - the usual Russian family of 50% of their income actually spends on the organization of nutrition.

The second commodity group takes into account clothes, lingerie, shoes, drugs.

The third group contains the cost of paying utilities, the necessary transport waste and visiting the events of culture and art.

In terms of specific types of services, goods and products, the annual shopping cart next year, as now, will look like this (for a working person):

• 100 kg 400 grams of potatoes
• 114 kg 600 gr. Vegetables
• 60 kg fruit
• 126 kg 500 gr. Bread and flour products
• 58 kg 600 gr. Meat
• 18 kg 500 gr. fish

If you revise the weight characteristics and recalculate their daily rate, it will make that the daily nutrition rate in Russia is:

• Bread - 0.3 kg
• Potatoes - 0.28 kg
• Share of fresh fruit - 0.16 kg
• The share of confectionery and sugars - 0.06 kg
• Norm of milk and its derivatives - 0.8 kg
• The proportion of vegetable and animal oils and fats - 0.04 kg
• Egg - 0.5 pcs.
• Meat - 0.16 kg
• Fish - 0.05 kg

Cost of basic consumer goods

What is the cost of a consumer basket in 2016? Since 2013, a somewhat changed approach to the calculation of the value of this list. To determine its full cost, the average price throughout the minimum set of food products is taken and is multiplied by two.

It is clear that the final result will be poured for each region of the country - the price policy of the food group is different between the territories. The most "dear" food baskets are traditionally located in the northern regions of Russia and in central megalopolis - the capital, St. Petersburg.
And even within one territory, the situation can be ambiguous. For example, if you track the pricing policy of large trading networks in Moscow, we get a completely different picture of the cost of the minimum product set. According to the monitoring results, the cost of the set in the networks of the economy class is 4800 rubles. (In the stores "Pyaterochka"). The same set of products in premium networks is over 10.0 thousand rubles (shops "ABC Taste").

It turns out that Top Muscovites, who are purchased in the "pyatelocha" cost of the consumer basket is 9.6 thousand rubles per month, and those in stores are more expensive - the basket exceeds 20.0 thousand rubles.

Despite the difference in the standard of living, the amount of the subsistence minimum remains the same for all and is equal to the minimum size of the consumer basket - 9.9 thousand rubles.

On average in Russia, over the past year, the cost of this primary set increased by 4.2%. - Even less than the growth rate of inflation. If you transfer interest in the category of population, we get that the basket of a working Russian has risen in price by 200 rubles, the children's basket "sank" for 150 rubles, and the most significant rise in price of consumer demand happened from pensioners - by 400 with excess rubles. Production of marine containers required in industry, commerce and public sphere. The campaign releases cargo containers of buildings modules, block containers, office-household, sanitary, warehouse.

Most likely, 2015 will also make significant adjustments to a change in the value of the set. Prices have risen both for food products and domestic ones. A small increase in service tariffs is expected, which will increase the costs of utility bills.

Whether the 2016 consumer basket will change in Russia, the latest news refers only to the composition of 2013Most likely, in the coming year, the set of the basket of the consumer will not be revised. Although, for example, in our nearby neighbors - in the republics of Kazakhstan, Belarus - the basket in 2016 will be revised taking into account the modern requirements and the needs of a citizen.

We will wait and hope that the 2016 consumer basket in Russia will actually meet the expectations of Russians.

Consumer basket is an approximate set of products, a number of goods that characterize the typical level and the structure of the monthly (annual) consumption of a person or family. Such a kit is used to calculate the minimum consumer budget (subsistence minimum), the origin of the cost of the consumer basket at current prices. A consumer basket also forms a comparison base of settlement and real levels of consumption, and also grounds for determining the purchasing ability of currencies.

Consumer basket is a minimum set of food, not products and services needed to preserve human health and ensure its activities.

In Russia, the consumer basket is calculated according to the law "On the consumer basket in general for the Russian Federation", adopted from January 1, 2013. The Russian consumer basket includes three main parts:

1) food, such as flour products, grain, vegetable crops, meat, fish and dairy products;

2) non-food products that belongs to things, medicines, different equipment;

3) payment of housing, heat, water, light, in addition, transportation costs, cultural events, etc.

Cost of consumer basket in Russia - official data

Table: 2018 consideration in Russia

What does a consumer basket look like in 2018 (composition and price per month) in the Russian Federation? On the official website of Rosstat there is a form that shows the cost of the conditional (minimum) set of food. For comparison, we take data for Russia as a whole, Moscow and St. Petersburg:

It looks untrue, especially if you consider that, according to such calculations, a person can spend on the food per day only 132 rubles.

Now let's see what is the full consumer basket in Russia for 2018 (official data of Rosstat on the cost of a fixed set of consumer goods and services):

Recall that the minimum wage from May 1 is set in the amount of 11 163 rubles per month. At the same time, the daily consumer basket of Russian in rubles (2018, for May) is 502, 37 rubles. This is taking into account the treatment fee, food, passage, housing and communal services, etc.

The cost of the consumer basket directly affects the subsistence minimum, and from 2018 and on the minimum wage. The mechanism is as follows: quarterly Rosstat counts the price of considerable, on the basis of which the cost of living. Recall that since May 1, 2018, the minimum salary is 100% PM.

Let's tell me how much the consumer basket is in 2018. The composition and price of the minimum set of food, non-food and services that are necessary for survival in the Russian Federation will be presented below.

Consumption Table per year

This question is quite difficult. Although the norms are established by the state, they are still constantly changing. Therefore, data changes are carefully monitored. As a rule, if a person does not have the very minimum, it can be recognized as needing. In Russia, such citizens provide support from the state. So what is included in the subsistence minimum? How much is it at the moment? What is the obligatory should every citizen of the country should be provided? About all this Next!

By category

To be honest, our today's question includes a huge number of features. What is included in the subsistence minimum in Russia for 2016? To begin with, this is money. It is them that they are generally understood first to understand under the "minimum."

Just the size of these is constantly changing. Moreover, much depends on what category of citizens you belong. In Russia, this is taken into account. So, for example, for children, the indicator will be one, and for the working-age population - completely different. Where did this rule come from?

All this is invented on the basis of human needs in one or another period of life. The cost of living should provide a normal life to a citizen. So to speak, supply it the most necessary for life and health without frills and luxury. If more specifically, how many funds are currently necessary for one or another categories of citizens?

Money

It has already been said that the subsistence minimum, in any case in the monetary expression, is constantly changing. You have to learn accurate information for a specific time interval. At the moment, this figure has increased slightly. Anyway, for some individuals.

In the first quarter of 2016, 9,776 rubles accounted for per capita. It is for this amount that life will have to ensure. If you think about, not so much (taking into account the constant increase in prices in Russia). But retirees are less lucky. For them, a minimum of 8,025 rubles amounted to only a month.

Two more categories of citizens for whom the minimum monetary expression has different meanings - this is a able-bodied population and children. The first was 10,524 rubles, and the second - 9,677 rubles. Such norms are currently installed in Russia. Now it is clear how much the cost of living is 2016 (1 quarter) in monetary terms. But do not rush to rejoice!

Do not converge

Why? The problem is because in most cases a worthy standard of living for the specified amounts is simply impossible. Prices are only growing, and rapidly. At the same time, the earnings of citizens decrease. And if it rises, it does not sleep during the speed of rising prices. Therefore, "survive" is very difficult.

By the way, Russia is perhaps the only country where the "minimum life" exceeds the minimum wage of the population. It's not too good. To think about how much the cost of living in the country almost does not make sense when you do not have too high earnings. Or he is medium, but in the family you have a lot of members.

Nevertheless, from somewhere because this minimum is taken away! It is not just so come up with the government! Really. After all, there are some features and moments that are included in the subsistence minimum. Just on the amounts mentioned earlier. In any case, the state believes that citizens must "fit" in them on monthly spending.

Consumer basket

All this thanks to the designed system called a consumer basket. It turns on by everything that citizens must be provided for normal life. Moreover, nothing depends on your desires - no personal preferences or sings! Please note: the calculation of the consumer basket takes into account the period of 12 months!

What is included in the subsistence minimum? These are goods and services that provide a certain (minimum) standard of living of the population, taking into account the term of "life" of some items. Consumer basket also depends on the category of citizens. And includes three main components: products, non-food products and services. Now in Russia there are rules established back in 2013. So far, the consumer basket will not change. In any case, it is assumed that it is valid until 2018. What is included in it? Consider possible options better for the working-age population. It is it that constitutes the main mass of the country's inhabitants.

Products

A huge role (and a large population) plays able-bodied citizens. Already in a cash minimum it is clear that such persons are relying the most resources and services. So it is here that there will be the greatest indicators.

First of all, it is worth paying attention to the set of products. Consumer basket indicates only the most necessary components. And it does not matter whether you use one or another component or not. Per minimum, able-bodied citizens should be (in kilograms):

• bread products - 126.5;
• potatoes - 100.4;
• vegetables - 114;
• fruit - about 60;
• sugar and "Confectionee" - by 24;
• 58.5 meat products, 19 - fish;
• dairy products - almost 300 (more precisely, 290);
• 210 eggs;
• fats (margarine, oil and so on) - 10.

Please note: bread products include a variety of cereals and pasta. Also here are included bean, bread, flour, bakery products. Plus, about 5 kilograms are given on other "expenses". Here is such a set of products involves our minimum. Other food products will be taken out: salt, tea, coffee, a variety of spices. In general, everything that can be used in food, as well as not included in the above detailed list.

Not food

What are the essential goods? And what is included in the list of non-food minimum? This includes:

• outerwear (coat);
• costume and dresses (upper);
• underwear;
• hats;
• circulatory products;
• footwear;
• stationery (including school supplies);
• linens;
• household goods;
• sources (medicines, sanitary items).

Accordingly, they also have a certain amount of each. Wheel-bodied citizens can count, respectively, the following indicators (in quotes indicate the term of life in years, the pieces and pairs of components are taken into account):

• 3 (7,5);
• 8 (4);
• 9 (2,4);
• 7 (1,5)
• 5 (5);
• 6 (3,3);
• 3 (1);
• 14 (7);
• 19 (10,4);
• 10% of non-food costs.

Services

At this, physiological mortar minimum for the working-age population does not end. It remains to consider more mandatory services, which every year every citizen must receive an average. All this is not as difficult for understanding, but remember the exact data is not easy! So, to mandatory services include:

• housing (18 square meters);
• heating (6.7 gkal);
• water (cold and hot - 285 liters per day);
• gas (10 cubic meters / month);
• electricity (per month 50 kilowatt);
• transport (620 trips per year);
• "Cultural" services (5% of expenses);
• other (15% of spending).

All of the above is a social mortar for citizens. Or rather, it takes into account only what is needed by an average able-bodied person in the country. But only in this matter there is one huge drawback. Which one? We'll see now.

Does not work

The problem is due to the fact that often the entire consumer basket does not take into account the cost of services. That is, it is calculated with an approximate calculation of the country's average price tags. But in different regions, a variety of prices and products and products and services are dominated in different regions.

Plus, if you think about and divided, for example, food products by 12, then the indicators will be obtained, which per month must "consume" a citizen. In the cost of living (monetary terms) "fit" is almost impossible. After all, the cost of services and goods in the regions is constantly increasing. And the payment of labor, as already mentioned, or decreases, or remains unchanged.

This means that it is almost impossible to provide yourself with everything most necessary at the expense of the minimum funds in practice. Only if you buy alone food products on them. And then the diet will be not too enriched. Thus, for the population, the established minimum accommodation conditions seem to be solidly mockery! Now it is clear what is included in the subsistence minimum. Most of the population are not in accordance with these indicators. It has already been said - to live on the specified restrictions is extremely difficult!

Most families spend on food up to 50% of all income, if you hold a rude count. In addition, you need to pay utility costs, transport, all other mandatory items. And in the end - again there is no money. And the circle is closed, because every time the situation is repeated. But there is a solution: the most significant point of expenses can be revised and understand that the list of products for a month and other really necessary goods can significantly save a considerable part of the budget.

How is the "spraying of funds"

Very often we go to the store for products. It is inevitable, because the nutrition is the primary need of a person. But how do we do it? We highlight a day or part of it, we take money to a pack or a map on which all savings are located, go to the supermarket and humbly walk along the route that marketers have laid for us. Of course, you dial everything you need and do not need. Pleasant music and flavors from the counters are planted to put in the basket more and more, then it is. At the exit, when parsing the basket, sometimes begin to doubt: why did I take it? But no one wants to go and clean "this" back. As a result, "extra products" from the total mass we receive up to 70%, and the overpayment for them comes to 100% of the extra rubles. So floats from us a weighty part of our family budget.

Sometimes, of course, I want to buy products "for the soul", and it needs to be done, but it is important to know the measure and understand when stopping. To do this, there are several non-hard ways how to reduce monthly expenses without losing meter.

Cunning tricks

As you know, the demand gives rise to a proposal, but sometimes it happens that the latter is not so in demand. For the food industry, this is especially characteristic: enterprises produce all new types of products, and both useful and harmful to health, but it is not always possible to implement the product produced on time. It turns into damages or for the plant or for the seller. To stimulate sales and prevent damage to all sorts of either, shops and enterprises create different proposals from which it is difficult to refuse.

1. Stock. When they are often either reduced prices for products, or offer to buy 2 and get 1 product as a gift. Many are underway for this trick: so far cheaply, you have to take. But is it always necessary what you buy? "In the hunt" you can, of course, take something, but do not buy everything in a row, what proposals are subject to. The promotion can be useful: if you need a specific product, for example, a pack of oil or sugar package, why not take them at a reduced price?
2. Sales. Usually thus get rid of products, the shelf life of which is at the limit or ends in the coming month or two. There is also the same recommendation: if the goods do not cause doubts that you will use it in the near future, and it will not have time to spoil, take, but consider the quantity. Also, sales are arranged when purchasing a shop store of a large game of something.
3. The thoughtful building of the supermarket hall. This is a whole art - to force the buyer to fill the basket with different products before he gets to an important shelf with bread, milk or meat.
4. Sale at speculative price Periodically spend in our time, and such events have incredible success. You can remember how quite a recently buckwheat croup cost about 100 rubles / kg. It would seem who will take? But the people of generation, who made war and hunger, literally swept it from the shelves. Many moved the fear that it would be even more expensive.

In the aggregate, these events tremendously enrich the seller and suck your budget, especially if you are inherent in the psychology of the active consumer.

There is an exit

To stop constantly buying unnecessary and start saving, take yourself a rule to draw up a list of products for a month or a week. Practice shows: people who know why they came to the store are rarely gaining too much. To do this, it is enough to make a list of foods that need to be purchased. It would seem that the simple piece of paper, but acts surely and, if it does not exclude extra products in the basket, then reduces their number to a minimum.

In addition, go to the supermarket after meals - so you will not think about hunger, and fill in the basket only the necessary product.

How to make up

Of course, for each family a list of products consumed different. A universal listed method for everyone can be a regular sheet of paper, attached to the fridge magnet. For the first time, go around all your stocks, make a list of everything that is missing: products, objects of economic necessity. With such a list, go to the store or market and fill your bark with everything necessary.

Next, just start the habit of immediately recorded needs: the oil crackle remains - recorded, the pasta ends - to the list. Etc. Thus, you can not just buy products on the list, but to acquire really what is needed.

If there is a need to save, sign approximate prices for products, learn the cost of goods at different outlets. Advertising signs, television ads, distribution of leaflets - learn about the presence of shares can be everywhere.

On the eve of holidays and large feasts, think about the menu in advance, make the items in the list.

There is a modern alternative to the paper list - applications for smartphones also allow you to draw lists. You definitely not for sure at home, but how comfortable to fill it? Perhaps it just requires habits.

Look in the refrigerator

It often happens: left after breakfast the tail of sausages, packed him and put it in the refrigerator. Then went to the store and bought fresh. Of course, about the rest were safely forgotten. And this is happening everywhere - in almost every refrigerator you can find such products that have already forgotten, and they have become unsuitable for food: trimming or whole pieces of cheese, fruits / vegetables, billets, bottles with sauces. In other words, everything that relates to perishable products and is not subject to long-term storage.

Common consumer error: gain more and eat delicious. But or eat do not have time, or the product is bored. And the purchase of such objects do not stop.

Perform a periodic revision of the refrigerator: it is there that the perishable rations are stored. Determine what has ceased to be in demand, and stop buying this product.

Make a monthly diet

Monthly costs can be significantly reduced, if you know which products you need to buy, and on which it is worth refuse not only to save money, but also to preserve health. There is a basic list of products for a month, which must be present in the kitchen of the hostess. They can be divided into groups:

This is a basic list of products, the presence of which will allow to prepare a variety of healthy dishes. Of course, not in every family is in demand buckwheat, somewhere do not eat onion or potatoes. Therefore, there is no single for all list.

And nothing terrible, if, when drawing up a list, something did not take into account - you can always buy the necessary, because you will not walk for bread only once a month.

Make billets

Many products for subsequent preparation can be made independently, they will be much more useful and safer factory: manufacturers almost everywhere use taste additives and strive to reduce the cost of semi-finished products, including additional, cheaper components, such as meat and products from it. Cutlets, meatballs, minced meatballs - all this is sold at a price higher than a kilogram of fresh raw materials, lower only in cases where the composition is strongly diluted. Therefore, meat products can be prepared independently from a solid piece purchased in the outlet: acquiring a product once and spending time on processing, you have the entire arsenal of your favorite semi-finished products in the freezer, while knowing what it consists of.

Many manage to prepare vegetable and meat broths, pre-welcing them and sharpening. The idea is excellent: in situations, when you need to cook something quickly, these products are just a wand-corrupt!