Poklonnaya Mountain Monument of the tragedy of nations. "The tragedy of nations"

Poklonnaya Mountain - the memorable place of Moscow and all of Russia as a whole. The Poklonnaya Mountain is first mentioned in the documents of the XVI century, the truth is then it was called somewhat differently - a Poklonnaya Mountain at Smolensk (Mozhaisk) road. It is believed that the Poklonnaya Mountain received its name due to the old tradition: every person who arrived in Moscow and leaving the city, bowed to him at this place. It was here that with a bow, they met important persons-princes, high dignitaries, ambassadors of foreign states. Napoleon did not receive such honor. "Napoleon was waited in vain, the last happiness of Mosently, the crankshaft with the keys of the old Kremlin: no, I didn't go to him with a guide head ..." These unforgettable lines of the greatest Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin are connected with the Russian-French war of 1812, when The French emperor who came down with his troops to the walls of the capital, tried in vain to wait from the city's city authorities from Moscow.

Memorial complex on Poklonnaya Mount

Poklonnaya Mount was the time impact of ages with one of the holy places and Moscow, and the whole land of Russian. From here, the Orthodox worked the bows to her shrines. Years, decades have passed, and the Poklonnaya Mountain has become a real symbol that personifies the Russian soul, the Russian character with such qualities, as the guilty and hospitality on the one hand, freedom and independence - on the other. And first of all, of course, this is due to the construction of a memorial complex in honor of the victory of our people in the Great Patriotic War. This memorial complex and the worship of the mountain itself are currently firmly associated with Russians with an immortal feat of Soviet people committed in the name of the salvation of the Fatherland.

The decision on the construction of a victory monument was made on May 31, 1957. On February 23, 1958, a granite mortgage stone was installed on Poklonnaya Mountain with an inscription: "A monument to the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945 will be built here. In 1961, the victory park was broken on Poklonnaya Mount. But the active construction of other components of the memorial complex (the Victory Monument and the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945) began only in 1985.

On May 9, 1995, on the Day of the 50th anniversary of the victory, the memorial was solemnly open. At its opening, the leaders of 56 countries of the world were attended. To date, it consists of several exposition exhibition complexes - art gallery, military equipment platforms, military historical exposition, diors, film-concert halls, providing all the necessary conditions for scientific, educational and patriotic and educational work. Exposure areas occupy 44 thousand square meters, on which more than 170 thousand exhibits are represented.

The museum is rich not only with its unique exhibits. Here in the solemn atmosphere, the ceremony of bringing the military oath of young soldiers, meetings with the famous veterans of the Great Patriotic War.

Memory Temples on Poklonnaya Mount

The heritage of the memorial complex is represented not only by the Museum of the Great Patriotic War. Each monument, each structure resembles a feat of such different, but uniform people of the Soviet Union.

On the territory of the memorial complex there are three temples that belong to different religions. This once again characterizes the multinationality of the liberators of our Motherland.

The first was built by the temple of George Victorious. In 1995, his solemn consecration took place. The shrine of the temple is a particle of the relics of the Great Martyr George Victorious, presented by Jerusalem Patriarch Diodor.

Two years later, in September 1997, a memorial mosque was opened. This event had to celebrate the 850th anniversary of Moscow.

The temple of memory is a synagogue, was solemnly opened on September 2, 1998. The building of the synagogue was based on the concept of the architect of Israel Moshe Zarka. The opening was attended by the President of Russia. In the ground floor and on the gallery of the chassis, an exhibition exhibition dedicated to Jewish history and Holocaust was issued.

In 2003, the memorial complex supplemented the chapel, erected in memory of the Spanish volunteers who died during the Great Patriotic War. In addition, on Poklonnaya Mountain in Moscow, it is planned to build a Buddhist stupid, Armenian chapel and a Catholic temple.

Monumental monuments on Poklonnaya Mount

In the Victory Park, which is part of the memorial complex, is towering an obelisk height of 141.8 meters. This height characterizes 1418 days and nights of the Great Patriotic War. The Bronze Figure of the Victory Goddess is fixed on the Stater Mark.

At the foot of the obelisk, the sculpture of St. George of the Victorious, who hit the snake - the symbol of evil. The sculpture was met by Zurab Tsereteli.

On the Alley Partisan in 2005, a monument to the soldiers of the participating countries of the anti-Hitler coalition was opened. The UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan participated in the opening. The author of the monument is Mikhail Pereyaslavs.

In Victory Park - there is another beautiful landmark - the floral clock - the largest in the world, the diameter of the dial is 10 m, the length of the minute-time arrow is 4.5 m, and the clock - 3.5m. Total number of lined colors on the clock 7910 pcs. The hourly mechanism is based on the principles of electromechanics and is controlled by an electronic quartz block.

The nearest metro station to Poklonnaya Mount is the Victory Park. Immediately when you leave the station, you will be presented with Moscow triumphal gates, or just a triumphal arch.

It was built in 1829-1834 on the project of the architect O. I. Bow, in honor of the victory of the Russian people in the Patriotic War of 1812. Initially, the arch was installed on the Square of Tver Shopping, on the site of the wooden arch, built in 1814 for a solemn meeting of Russian troops who returned from Paris after the victory over the French troops. Currently, the Triumphal Arch is located on the Victory Square, which the Kutuzovsky Avenue crosses, not far from the Poklonnaya Mountain. It was transferred to this place in 1966-1968. Moscow Triumphal Gates are reminiscent of Narva Timpal Gate in St. Petersburg.

Poklonnaya Mountain has become a traditional place of collecting veterans of the Great Patriotic War. Since an inexorable time further continues to leave us from those heroic events, it is important to use every opportunity to turn to those memorable days, tell and show young people how their great-grandfather fought, defending the freedom and independence of our Motherland. The expositions of the Memorial on Poklonnaya Mount allow it to do.

Stock Foto Memorial complex on Poklonnaya Mount

Motherland-mother (whose?) Winned (over whom?)

Somehow, the next monument of Zurab Tsereteli - the "tragedy of peoples" appeared on Poklonnaya Mount - "the tragedy of peoples", which represented the Argument of the Demakov, who came out of the grave and sent to the Kutuzov Prospect near the Triumphal Arch.

Oleg Davydov then worked in an "independent newspaper" and not yet thought to write his But on the Poklonnaya Mount drove. It took out the compass, determined how the works of the Tsereteli placed on the lights of the light of the Poklonnaya Mount. Compare it all with other Soviet military memorials and made such interesting conclusions, which soon after his article was printed in an "independent newspaper", a letter from the Moscow City Hall came to the editorial office with a promise to remove the dead. And they really removed, but - not very far. Also today, the random passerby can suddenly go, and it is completely rolling, pulling at night on huge goddalakov, rising from the ground in one of the crust of the Poklonnaya Mountain. This onearticle actual and today.

I will start from afar. It is hardly the most famous work in a memorial kind - a monument-ensemble heroes of the Stalingrad battle in Volgograd at Mamaev Kurgan. Author of vuchetich. The most notable sculpture is a motherland mother. When you go under it, some unpleasant, severe feeling covers. Something wrong. Some say that this is due to fear - that this will take this Mahina and collapses you. And adds (by the way, when I recently wandered among the people on Poklonnaya Mount, there were also permanent conversations about "presidate"). But this distrust of technology is most likely to rationalize more fundamental horror, "horror that we have all in the blood and which wakes up when we are crawling at the legs of monstrous sculptures. And it's not just (and not so much) across, but in something else. What? But we'll figure it out.

Remember: in Volgograd Motherland with a sword stands on the banks of the Volga. Facade to the river. And slightly turns back. Calling your sons. Everything seems to be fine. We are so accustomed to this monument, which is no longer noticeing his blatant absurdity. But if you look at an impartial look, you will inevitably be brought in mind the crazy thoughts: whose mother is and in general - who and what is the monument? Heroism of soldiers who have established in Stalingrad? But then the figure of the woman would have to restrain the onslaught of the enemy, moving toward the Volga, and not to portray the irrepressible impulse to the Volga. Since it cannot be determined by the national affiliation of a valetome mother of the Motherland, it remains to be assumed that it is depicting the power of Germany, which came to the Volga, published (as it was in reality) to the very shores of the Great Russian River. And what about otherwise, if the symbolic woman is all in a rush to the east and, as it were, calling his faithful sons.

However, ahead of a woman with a sword (Valkyrie?) There is another man, armed with a machine and grenade. He also stands face to the Volga and depicts an advanced fighter. What army? It is not very clear because it is naked, and the anthropological type at the level of totalitarian sculpture among the Russians and Germans is no different (Middle Eastern with elements of Nordic). If it were at least a Russian military uniform, it would be possible to argue about why this Russian soldier swung a grenade on the Volga? And so it turns out that Fritz took away from Ivan the machine (our PPS with a disk-like shop - the weapon is still more powerful than the German "Schmayser") and went to the Volga. This soldier, by the way, is just in the water, in a certain special water branch depicting, apparently, the Volga is piled up on a block of graffiti, type "stand to death", but the figure of the soldier still is located above all these ordinary heroic graffiti. ..

That is, it can be said that the soldier tramples this holy for the Russian Heart "Let's face" legs. But the most striking thing is to the left and on the right in the course of the movement of a naked soldier and his mother to the Volga are truly Russian soldiers, dressed in a Russian form, but are some other cranked and bent. They seem to be broken before the powerful movement to the east of a selfless berserker, accompanied by a monstrous Valkiria, form a corridor for the free movement of the sacrup to the river. But this is already, so to speak, monumental slander. Everyone knows: the Soviet army survived in the Battle of Stalingrad, although in some places the enemy and got to the Volga himself, washed, so to speak, in it boots.

In general, some kind of ambiguous memorial created a sculptor of Vucheth. But by the way, in this regard, the fact that Volgograd shocked the protests against the installation of a small monument to the Austrian soldiers who died in Stalingrad. And then it did not occur to anyone that the huge monument to the Germans and their allies have long been installed in the city of Russian Military Fame.

However, you can interpret the symbolism of the Memorial on Mamaev Kurgan a little different. A woman with a sword is a symbol of the retreating Soviet army (or wider - Russia), the allegory of the favorite of our "Scythian War" (forward, deep into Russia), when the enemy is lured in the country's depths and is successfully destroyed. Then this is a monument to Russian masochism, which (masochism) is worthy, of course, perpetuating in a rough reinforced concrete, but - after all, such things need to be clearly understood and treat them accordingly: there is no longer a heroism, but about some painful deviation from the norm . Meanwhile, the defense of Stalingrad is undoubtedly, and in general, the victory in the Great War is the acts of heroic. But they are maliciously rethink Soviet sculptors.

Volgograd homeland mother is not alone. For example, a woman who personifies the motherland mother and win in the city of Kiev (also released from the workshop of Vuchetich), is located on the right bank of the Dnieper and, accordingly, looks east. That is, almost everything that is said about Motherland on Mamaev Kurgan, here you can repeat. Well, except to add that, perhaps, it is some kind of specific Khoklyatskaya Motherland, the divine patroness of the warrior, say, the SS division "Galicina", equipped in the main Western Ukrainians, or perhaps Bandera gangs. By the way, the hands of this Kiev mother (in one - shield, in the other - the sword), together with the head, form "Trozub", which now became the coat of arms of Ukraine.

However, back to Moscow, on the Poklonnaya Mountain, to the Teretel memorial. Here, too, of course, there is a woman. It is called Nick (in Russian - victory). It is located high, on something like a needle. Faceproof - not quite east. Rather, northeast, accurately - on the triumphal arch, but, in any case, - by no means west. As you can see, the trend is preserved. It is of course, a woman on the needle in this case is not called their mother's mother and keeps a sword in his right hand, but a wreath, that is, as if he who crowns someone with this wreath. Obvious difference.

But if you look attentively, the typological similarity of the Moscow monument with the memorial at Mamaev Kurgan will be released on the fore. General here and there - a woman at high altitude, and under her, a little ahead, a certain warrior. On Poklonnaya Mount, he is still dressed - in some armor, which can be taken and for the Old Russian. Sits on a stinting horse, in his right hand holds not a grenade, but a spear, resting in the neck of the dragon. The dragon is prevention, it serves as a pedestal for a relatively small rider, all is allocated by fascist symbolism and is already dismembered into pieces (when the rider managed to do this meat work, it remains only to guess).

If you have a comparison of two monumental compositions, then it will become obvious that the Moscow Dragon is (semantically) that the chuck's heroic slogan slogans on which a naked soldier in Volgograd is based on. And George with Poklonnaya in this case corresponds to a naked soldier with a Nordic face installed on Mamaev Kurgan. For each of these two militant figures, a giant woman is located: in one case, it is just a dizzying height, and in the other - on a dizzying height. These multi-way women, inspirational (customizing, encouraging, calling) monumental warriors, are not just the allegory of the Motherland or Victory, these are sculptural images of a certain feminine deity coming out of the unconscious depths of the sculptor's soul, when he is taken for his scarlet - different incarnations of one Archetype ...

Actually, archetyapic triangle: a woman - snake (dragon) - Smeaker. At the heart of here - the Indo-European myth on the fight of the Heavenly Romovnik and the reptile chtonic deity affected by him. A woman, because of which the fight takes place, grows the winner (gets or betrayed him). It is in the most common features, details can be very different. Some of them are detailed in my articles "Calvary Snake" and "Sky Mock over Earth" ( see the book "Demon Writing", Limbus Press Publishing House, St. Petersburg-Moscow, 2005). It is not necessary to stop here on the details, but it is worth saying that in Russian mythology (from Nestor to), the Smeaker's rider is always associated with some aliel, and the dragon - with the native Divine ( this is just a lot to say in Oleg Davydov. - Red . )

Of course, the dragon can be assessed by swastiki from the head to the tail (so the children draw and write all sorts of nonsense in the fences), but the essence of the myth will not change from this: the dragon is a local deity, which is destined to be a skewed aliel, and a woman who entails (and thus - pushes) the aliens, whoever she would be, crowned the winner. This, so to speak, the general means of the Smeaker Myth, but, telling him with words or by the sculpture, a person usually brings something new and interesting. Tsereteli brought a dismember to the myth. This is the original motive, and even though, of course, you can find images on which the snake is cut something, but so that it is like that, straight sliced \u200b\u200bsausage (limbs, too, are naturally separated) on the holiday table ... I don't remember this, the author of the famous Monument to the Unity of Soviet peoples (remember, such a phallic fighter near the Danilovsky market?) managed to say a new word.

I have no doubt, the reader has already guessed, the symbol of what is the dismembered dragon. Of course - a symbol of the dismembered Soviet Union. And the fact that the Dragon is painted with swastika is the usual metaphorics of perestroika years, when the Communist ideology "Scoop" was identified with fascism and the term "red-brown" was invented. That is, the monument on Poklonnaya Mount is dedicated by no means victory over the fascist Germany (as we are told), but exactly the opposite - victory over the Communist Soviet Union. And accordingly, this woman with a foreign name for the victory over fascist Germany has no relation to victory over the fascist Germany, but is directly related to victory over communism and the Soviet Union. Who won him? Well, let's say, a certain agent of Western influence in medieval armor and on horseback. The rider is about to jump from the dismembered dragon and moves to the triumphal arch (it is aimed at it), only the keys are still waiting for the keys from Moscow, as Napoleon sometime on the same Poklonnaya Mount.

Now I am not at all interested in the question - it's good or bad. For someone, maybe well, for someone - bad. But things still need to be called their own names: Tsereteli built a monument to the dismemberment of the Soviet Union (as Vuchetich built a monument to the exit of fascist Germany to the Volga). And another monument, this singer of the friendly family of peoples could not build (by the way, his friendship monument resembles a friendship fountain at VDNH). I could not because it was not worried at all of the victory in the Great Patriotic War, but the destruction of the Soviet Union buried in his eyes.

Generally speaking, the sculpture of monuments is far from harmless. At least because they are very expensive, they are visible to everyone, but are made, as any work of art, in some kind of hot half-demoth. In the same way as poems or novels are written - something rushing out of the human soul and turns into text. And so that there out of you - Chernukha or divine chant - it will be seen later and others. And maybe - very soon. But, in any case, poems or drawings are things that do not require such material costs as monuments, and - not so corn eyes. Posted by bad verse - well, failure: laughed and forgotten. And the monument remains. And what to do with it? Dismantle as a monument to Dzerzhinsky? Or leave as a monument to madness of time, which has lost an elementary common sense that is unable to distinguish my right hand from the left and brown from the red.
In short, what times are these and memorials. In the end, it even commemorated that a monument to the destruction of the evil empire appeared so quickly. It is only bad that the annoying confusion has occurred, an inadvertent substitution (I don't even admit the thoughts that the Tsereteli understands that he, in fact, nipped). And as a result of unfortunate veterans, they were once again deceived - they offered to worship them not to win, and victory over themselves (since they fought for the Soviet advisions and in the future against him as a state did not have anything).

And then it's time to understand that this is for the emaciated naked people shifted the grave plates and go out of the graves ... What I wanted to say the author more or less: no one is forgotten, the dead will rise from the graves and so on. Perhaps, in the spirit of the new political situation and fashion for religion, he even wanted to portray the resurrection of the dead. But did not bother to know what it means and how it should happen. I did not hear that "there is a soul body, there is a body and spiritual." I did not read the Apostle Paul about the fact that "we will not all die, but everything will change suddenly, in the blink of an eye, with the last pipe; For Vastabit, and the dead will resurrect to be immense, and we will change. For a thunder should be laid in a volatile, and to lie down to immortality to the mortal. When therande, this will fit into the volatile and the mortal sitting in immortality, then the word written will come true: the victory death is absorbed. "

Agree, there is some kind of similarity with delirious fantasies of the Tsereteli in this text, but at the same time - as unlikely, even the complete opposite ... The Tretela Deads up of the graves not transformed, in full. This is precisely those who are not resurrected from the dead, but ghosts, the ghosts, even, maybe a gondal, feed on living human blood. This hell himself goes to earth to reign here, and not resurrected from the dead. What kind of patient fantasy? And what's the point she has?

In the context of everything we already know about the Teretel memorial, everything is very logical. See: The deads are heading towards Kutuzovsky Avenue and must cross it in front of the Arc de Triomphe. What for? Is it only enough to come down under the ground again where the metro station "Victory Park" is built? Yes No, no soon they will stand the wall on the way at the finished to enter through the triumphal arch to Moscow of the equestrian victorious, dismembering the dragon. These people here once had fallen and now again stand up for the protection of the capital. So at all, not the apostle Paul inspires the Tsereteli, and Galichem: "If the calls of his dead Russia, it means that the trouble."

But however, these are all small allyus. The realism of the actual life is that concrete people stand up on the path of the victorious procession of Western reforms - these are the most deceived veterans and pensioners, which many radical comrades are inclined to be considered dead, grabbing living. And it is this collision of the collision of the old with the new unwittingly embodied the memorial viewer in his wonderful creation. After all, the thought that the old men will not smoke, the reforms were impossible, was very popular in certain circles, when the monument was still created. Now it is already more popular, and yet in the monument turned out to be immortalized. But note: the monumentalist does not yet know who will win, the dead with him is still only put forward on a defensive position, the rider, the wizard of the dragon, has not yet moved away (perhaps, by the way, that he from the dragon and grew up), stands on the corpse and waits "Moskva knee". Hope: what if these bare poor poor people will give him the keys to the city? Will not wait. The composition of the Memorial does not allow. So will remain in our collective soul, this root uncertainty, non-infractions ...

Or does anyone think that you can put in front of a triumphal arch of also bronze people on the knees, facing the West?

Other publications of Oleg Davydov on changecan be found.

Monument "Tragedy of Peoples" (Moscow, Russia) - description, history, location, reviews, photos and videos.

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Mom, why are you crying, mom why you are ...

Natella Boltanskaya "Babi Yar"

The endless gray turn of naked men, women and children with head-heads and hands moves forward to the inevitable end. Already unnecessary clothing, shoes, toys, books are lying on Earth. In the foreground, the family, the father reflexively trying to obscure his wife and son with a noded-like hand, the mother closed the boy to the boy to protect against the spectacle of the massacre. Going behind them are immersed in your own experiences. The farther, the smaller they have individual traits, gradually the shapes lean back, as if lumping under the grave plates. Or getting out of them to look into our eyes? The author of the Memorial Sculptor Zurab Tsereteli managed to unusually express the endless horror of the expectations of an imminent visa-free death.

The monument always lies fresh flowers. People stand silently for a long time, many cry.

Practical information

Address: Moscow, Poklonnaya Mountain, crossing the alleys of Moscow defenders with the Alley of young heroes.

How to get: on the subway to Art. "Victory Park"; On buses Nos. 157, 205, 339, 818, 840, 91, H2 or minibuses No. 10 m, 139, 40, 474 m, 506 m, 523, 560 m, 818 to the stopping "Poklonnaya Mountain"; On buses Nos. 103, 104, 107, 130, 139, 157k, 187260, 58, 883 or minibuses No. 130 m, 304 m, 464 m, 523 m, 704 m before the Kutuzov prospekt stop.

On January 4, the sculptor Zurabe Tsereteli marks 82 years. Master meets his birthday at the construction site. On the Atlantic Ocean in Puerto Rico, where the final stage of the construction of the highest monument to a person on Earth begins. This monument has yet to hear the world, and we decided to recall the 10 most famous works of Zurab Konstantinovich.

1. Monument "Friendship of Peoples"

In 1983, in honor of the 200th anniversary of Georgia's reunification with Russia, a "pair" monument was installed in Moscow - the monument "Friendship of Peoples" .. This is one of the most famous early works of Tsereteli.

2. The monument "Good Winches evil"

Sculpture is installed in front of the UN building in New York in 1990 and symbolizes the end of the Cold War.

3. Monument Victory

This stele was erected within the framework of a memorial complex on a positive grief in Moscow opened in 1995. The height of the obelisk is 141.8 meters - 1 decimeter for each day of war.

4. Statue of George Victorious on Poklonnaya Mount

At the foot of the victory monument was installed another work of Zurab Tsereteli - the statue of George Victorious, one of the important symbols in the work of the sculptor.

In the city of Sevilla in 1995, one of the most famous works in the world of Tsereteli - the "Birth of a new man" monument, reaching a height of 45 meters. A reduced copy of this sculpture is in Paris.

6. Monument to Peter I

Erected in 1997 by order of the Moscow government on an artificial island in the development of Moscow-River and the drainage channel. The total height of the monument is 98 meters.

7. "Saint George Victorious"

This sculpture is installed on a 30-meter column on the Freedom Square in Tbilisi - St. George is the patron saint of Georgia. The monument was opened in April 2006.

8. "Telling of grief"

On September 11, 2006, a monument "Tell's tear" was opened in the USA - a gift to the American people as a sign of the memory of victims on September 11. The opening ceremony was attended by US President Bill Clinton and Russian President Vladimir Putin.

In 2010, a monument was established at the intersection of Solyanka streets and the submarine in honor of the school in Beslan in 2004.

Set near the Tbilisi Sea. The composition consists of three rows of 35 meter columns, on which the Georgian kings and poets are depicted as a bas-relief. Work on it continues.