Partisan Girls Oils. History of the first partisan detachment of the Great Patriotic War

The first days of the Great Patriotic War were for the Soviet Union catastrophic: the suddenness of the attack on June 22, 1941 allowed the Hitler's army to gain significant advantages. Many border shops and compounds who assumed the power of the first strike of the enemy were killed. The troops of the Wehrmacht at high speed moved deep into the Soviet territory. In a short time, 3.8 million fighters and commanders of the Red Army were in captivity. But, despite the most difficult conditions of hostilities, the defenders of the Fatherland from the very first days of the war showed courage and heroism. A bright example of heroism was the creation, in the first days of the war, in the occupied territory of the first partisan detachment under the command of Korzh Vasily Zakharovich.

Korzh Vasily Zakharovich- Commander of the Pinsky partisan compound, a member of the Pinsky underground Committee of the Party, Major General. 1 (13) January 1899 was born in the village of Horostov, now the Soligorsky district of the Minsk region in the family of a peasant. Belorus. Member of the CPSU since 1929. He graduated from rural school. In 1921-1925 V.Z. The korzh fought in the partisan detachment K.P. Orlovsky, operating in Western Belarus. In 1925 he moved across the border to Soviet Belarus. From 1925 he was the chairman of the collective farms in the districts of the Minsk district. In 1931-1936, he worked in the bodies of the GPU NKVD BSSR. In 1936-1937, along the NKVD, the Korzh was participating as an adviser in the revolutionary war of the Spanish people, was the commander of the international partisan detachment. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he formed and led a fighter battalion, which was overgrown in the first partisan detachment in Belarus. The detachment includes 60 people. The detachment was divided into 3 rifle compartments of 20 fighters in each. Armed with rifles, they received 90 cartridges and one grenade. On June 28, 1941, the first battle of the partisan detachment under the command of V.Z. Korzh. To protect the city from the northern side, Pinsk Logishin put a partisan group.

At the ambush of the partisan detachment, which was commanded by the crude, 2 German tanks appeared. It was the intelligence of the 293rd infantry division of the Wehrmacht. The partisans opened fire and beat one tank. As a result of this operation, they managed to capture 2 of the Nazis. It was the first partisan battle of the first partisan detachment in the history of the Great Patriotic War. On July 4, 1941, the detachment met 4 kilometers from the city with enemy cavalry squadrons. The korzh quickly "expands" the fire power of his squad, and dozens of fascist cavaliers ran up on the battlefield. The front was removed to the east, and the partisan affairs came with each day. Arranged ambushes on the roads and destroyed enemy cars with infantry, equipment, ammunition, food, intercepted motorcyclists. In personally, a personally, cherry from the explosives used before the war for nomadic, the first mine partisans undermined the first armored train. The combat account of the detachment of Ros.

But there was no connection with the big earth. Then the korzh sent a man behind the front line. Svyaznoy was the famous Belarusian underframe worker belief. And she managed to get to Moscow. In the winter of 1941/42, it was possible to establish a connection with the Minsk underground committees of the party, which launched his headquarters in the Lyuban district. Together organized a sled raid in the Minsk and Polesian regions. On the way, "smoked" uninvited alien guests, gave them to "try" the partisan bullets. During the raid, the detachment was replenished thoroughly. The guerrilla war flared up. By November 1942, 7 impressive units merged together and formed a partisan compound. The crude took command of command. In addition, 11 subtylasties of the party, Pinsk Gorkom, about 40 primary organizations began to operate in the region. It was possible to "flip" to his side, even a whole Cossack regiment, formed by the fascists from prisoners of war! By the winter of 1942/43, Korg's compound restored Soviet power to a significant part of Luninetsky, Zhitkovichi, Starobinsky, Ivanovsky, Drogichinsky, Leninsky, Teljansky, Gantsevichi districts. Communication with big land. Airplanes sat on the partisan airfield, brought ammunition, medicines, radio.

The partisans reliably controlled the huge plot of the Railway Brest - Gomel, distille Baranovichi - Luninets, and enemy echelons were under the slope of the solid partisan schedule. The Dnieper-Bug Canal was almost completely paralyzed. In February 1943, the Hitler's command made an attempt to end the guerrillas of Korzh. Compared regular parts with artillery, aviation, tanks. February 15 Ring of the environment closed. The partisan zone has turned into a solid battlefield. The korzh himself led the column to the breakthrough. He personally led shock detachments on the breakthrough of the rings, then the defense of the neck of the breakthrough, while the calls with the peaceful inhabitants, wounded and property overcame, and, finally, the arjergard group, covered persecution. And so that the Nazis do not think that they won, the korzh attacked a large garrison in the village of Holy Will. 7 hours lasted the battle in which the partisans were winners. The Nazis before the summer of 1943 threw against the junction of the Korzi part of the part.

And each time the partisans broke through the rings of the environment. Finally, they broke out finally from the boiler in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Vygonovsky Lake. . Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of September 16, 1943 No. 1000 - one of the ten commanders of partisan formations of the Belarusian SSR - V.Z. The military rank of "Major General" was awarded to Korzh. All summer and autumn 1943 thundered in Belarus "Rail War", proclaimed by the central headquarters of the partisan movement. The Korzi connection has made a noticeable contribution to this ambitious "event." In 1944, somewhat brilliant on the plan and organization of operations overturned all the calculations of the fascists for a planar, thought out of the removal of their parts to the West.

The partisans were killed by railway artery (only in 20, 21 and 22, 1944, demolitions blew 5 thousand rails!), Dnieper-Bug Channel was tightly closed, the enemy's attempts to raise the crossing across the river were closed. Hundreds of Aryan warriors, together with the commander of the grouping by General Miller, surrendered to the guerrillas of Korzh. In a few days, the war left the Pinsky region ... Total by July 1944, the Pinsky partisan connection under the command of the Korzh in the battles defeated 60 German garrisons, allowed 478 enemy echelons, blew 62 railway bridges, destroyed 86 tanks and armored vehicles, 29 guns, brought In order of 519 kilometers of communication lines. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on August 15, 1944 for the exemplary fulfillment of the tasks of the command in the fight against the German fascist invaders in the enemy's rear and the bravery and heroism of Vasily Zakharovich, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with a sentence of Lenin and the Medal "Golden Star "(No. 4448). In 1946 he graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff. Since 1946, Major General Korzh V.Z. in reserve. In 1949-1953 he worked as Deputy Minister of Forestry of the Belarusian SSR. In 1953-1963, he was the chairman of the collective farm "Partisan Territory" of the Soligorsky district of the Minsk region. In the last years of life lived in Minsk. Died on May 5, 1967. Buried on East (Moscow) cemetery in Minsk. He was awarded with 2 orders of Lenin, 2 orders of the Red Banner, the orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Red Star, medals. The monument to the hero is installed in the village of Horostov, memorial boards in the cities of Minsk and Soligorsk. His name was called collective farm "Partizansky Krai", Streets in the cities of Minsk, Pinsk, Soligorsk, as well as a school in Pinsk.

Sources and literature.

1. Ioffe E.G. Higher partisan command of Belarus 1941-1944 // Handbook. - Minsk, 2009. - P. 23.

2. Kolpayda A., North A. Special Forces GRU. - M.: "Jauza", ESCMO, 2012. - P. 45.

In July 1941, in Belarus, the partisan detachment under the command of the Deputy Head of the 1st Department of Secret and Political Administration was actively operating in Belarus NKGBBelorussia N. Morozkinwho had complete information about everything that happens in the occupied territories.

The detachment was located in the Bobruisk area for a long time. These were mainly operatives of the NKGB, the NKVD and Police officers. July 22, 1941 it was reported that in a detachment of 74 people, including a lot of employees of the Bobrussian Goshvda NKVD, under the command of Senior Lieutenant State Security Svalodawho performed the first sabotage operations: undermined bridges under the Gomel and on Slutsk Highway.

By July 8, 15 partisan detachments were formed in the Pin region. They were led by the Soviet leaders and security officers. One of them - Korzh Vz. - became the hero of the Soviet Union. 12 detachments were commanded by the NKVD employees - the heads of the Rotadel and their deputies, the head of the passport department of the police, operational workers. These people knew the local atmosphere perfectly, the agents' frames, well represented an anti-Soviet element, which became on the path of cooperation with the enemy.

When selecting the post of commanders of partisan detachments, first of all, their past activity was taken into account. First of all, we assigned commanders who had combat experience. N. Prokopyuk, S. Vaupshasov, K. Orlovsky - All of them not only participated in the partisan war against Belopolds in the 20s, but also fought in Spain. The reserve was a big group who fought in the Far East. Practically repressions of the late 1930s did not affect sabotage techniques and devices. All were not actively involved.

In October 1941, troops under a special group of NKVD were reformed into a separate motorized rifle brigade of special purpose (OMSBON) of the NKVD of the USSR in the composition of two motorized rifle regiments: a four-battal and three-block with special divisions (sperno-subruptly company, authorota, communications, society, mining school, junior school Natching and specialists).

Tasks were set before the brigade: assisting the Red Army with means of intelligence, sabotage military engineering and hostilities; promoting the development of a mass partisan movement; Disorganization of the fascist rear, disabling the communications of the enemy, communication lines and other objects; implementation of strategic, tactical and agent intelligence; Conducting counterintelligent operations.

In the summer of 1941, command OMSBON I started forming and throwing into the enemy's rear first detachments and groups. In front of them, along with intelligence and divergers, the tasks of collecting detailed and qualified information about a specific environment established in the occupied territory were delivered; about the policies of the occupation authorities; about the system of protection of the rear of the Hitler's troops; On the development of the partisan movement and the struggle of the underground, about the nature of the assistance they need.

The first OMSBON troops were designed to establish contacts with partisans, to establish their connection with Moscow, to promote the formation of new detachments and activate the fighting partisans. They also had to create on places the base for deploying the activities of the OMSbon detachments; Check in practice the effectiveness of the tactics offered by the command and methods of struggle in the conditions of the enemy rear, to identify new opportunities for their development; Accumulate a certain experience, which would be taken by the armament of the detachments and groups that will be sent to the rear of the enemy. The first in the summer of 1941 left the detachments D. Medvedeva, A. Flegontova, V. Zhenko, Ya. Kumachenko.

In November 1941, an event, which played an important role in the entire combat follow-up to the Bryansk and Kaluga partisans were occurring: in the area of \u200b\u200bLyudinovo appeared under the command of the legendary Captain of the State Security, subsequently the famous writer Dmitry Nikolayevich Medvedev.

Only a few dedicated knew then that this is not an ordinary detachment, which in the occupied territory there were already hundreds and thousands, and the intelligence and sabotage residency (RDD) № 4/70A special group at the People's Commissar of the NKVD of the USSR, abandoned in the German rear with special tasks.

The "Mitya" detachment in September crossed the front line in the amount of only thirty-three people, but very quickly grew up to several hundred fighters and commanders at the expense of the surroundings who had connected to him who fled from the captivity of the Red Army and local residents. At the same time Medvedev D.N. "Potted" from "Mitya" several subsidiaries, appointing themselves well-manifes themselves in the battles of commanders and headquarters.

Unlike many local detachments, Mitya led active combat, sabotage and intelligence activities. His fighters hardly did not attack the garrisons and the enemy's trucks and the bridges, burned, warehouses, nodes of communication, destroyed live strength, in particular, there were even two killed German generals on their account. What is very important, where Medvedev appeared, he certainly met with commander of local detachments, helped them with practical advice, sometimes ammunition and weapons, when it was necessary - strengthened the team composition, and finally (which was a novelty in this stage of the partisan war), - Coordinated their activities to conduct joint operations, which significantly increased the effectiveness of hostilities. In a short time - just a few weeks - Medvedev D.N. Activated activities about twenty local detachments.

Throwing into the rear enemy of the group usually consisted of 30-50 people. But after the first operations, they raised rapidly at the expense of the local population and military personnel who came out of the environment and turned into powerful partisan detachments and compounds. So, the squad "Elusive"headed Prudnikov From the opera, in 28 people, by the summer of 1944, grew into a powerful compound, the number of more 3000 Partisan.

Commanded to the Smolensk region for the organization of partisan work Phlegontov AK Already on August 16, 1941 he reported to Sudoplatova P.A. Radiotelegram that in the Smolensk region under his leadership there are 4 partisan detachments with a number of 174 people.

On January 8, 1942, for the implementation of large-scale reconnaissance and sabotage reconnect work against Germany and its allies, both in Soviet territory and in the occupied European countries, in the Far and Middle East, as well as to assist Soviet and party bodies in the organization and combat activities of partisan The detachments and sabotage groups in the rear of the enemy The 2nd department of the NKVD of the USSR was transformed into the 4th control of the NKVD of the USSR.

Now a little about activities in the field of partisan struggle of army intelligence. In August 1941, during the deployment of the headquarters of the Western Front, the military unit of special purpose with the code number was created 99032 . He headed her Arthur Karlovich Spranis, who had a rich cheeky experience. At that time, there were cases when the security officers were sent to serve in the recovery (since 1942, the main developmentarization - GRU) General Staff of the Red Army.

The military unit 9903 was formed from personnel intelligence officers, from particularly distinguished in battles of officers and sergeants of the current army, as well as from volunteers trained in special courses. Usually, Spranis He selected himself, instructed and often personally accompanied individual scouts in the rear of the enemy, so that it is in place to orient them and send them to the desired objects.

The selection of volunteers for partisan intelligence passed strictly individually, uncompromising. They cared not only about their equipment, armament and equipment, but also about moral and physical training of fighters, selection of experienced commanders and mentors. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Vera Voloshin, Elena Kolovova and others were the fighters of part 9903.

Korzh Vasily Zakharovich, 01.18.1899 - 5.05.1967, Major General (1943), Hero of the Soviet Union (08/15/1944), Belarus, Born in the village of Horostov (now Soligorsky District of the Minsk Region) in the family of the peasant. He graduated from rural school. In 1921-1925 - In the partisan detachment of Orlovsky K.P., operating in Western Belarus. Since 1925 - Chairman of the collective farms in the districts of the Minsk District. In 1931-1936 - in the GPU-NKVD bodies of the BSSR.

In 1936 - Commander of the international partisan detachment in Spain. In 1939-1940 - Director of Zernosthoz in the Krasnodar Territory. Since 1940, the head of the Sector of the Pinsky Committee of the KP (b) b. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, formed and headed one of the first in Belarusian detachments in Belarus. In the autumn of 1941, along with other partisan detachments, a raid made a raid on the Minsk and Polesian regions. Korzh Vz. - Commander of the Pinsky partisan compound. He graduated from the General Staff Military Academy (1946). Since 1946 in stock. In 1949-1953 - Deputy Minister of Forestry of the BSSR. In 1953-1963 - Chairman of the collective farm "Partisan Territory" of the Soligorsky District.

Commander of the partisan connection Prokopyuk N.A.

Prokopyuk Nikolai Arkhipovich, 7.06.1902-11.06.1975, Colonel (1948), Hero of the Soviet Union (5.11.1944), Ukrainian, was born on Volyn in with. Samikov Kamenets-Podolsk province in a large family of the joiner. After graduating from the parish school, I bared at the landowner. In 1916, she passed the external exams for 6 classes of men's gymnasium. After the revolution, he worked at the factory in the locksmith and turning shops. In 1918, voluntarily entered the institution armed squad.

In 1919, he participated in the uprising against Belopoldov, then fought in the Red Army in the 8th division of the Cerval Cossacks. In 1921, he was aimed at work in the state security bodies. In 1924-1931 He served in Slavutsky, then in Mogilev border stakes. In 1935 Prokopyuk N.A. Was enrolled in the device IOU of the GOGB of the NKVD of the USSR. In 1937, he was sent by a resident assistant to Barcelona. Member of the War in Spain. At the end of the summer of 1941, directed along the Special NKVD of the USSR to the partisan detachment.

In August 1942, Prokopyuk was abandoned in the rear of the enemy at the head of the Opener group of the 4th management "Hunter", on the basis of which he created a partisan compound that operated on the territory of Ukraine, Poland, Czechoslovakia and committed 23 major combat operations. The fighters of the compound destroyed 21 echelon with the lively power and technique of the enemy, brought out 38 German tanks, captured a lot of weapons and ammunition. Thanks to the unfolded detachment, the aviation of the Red Army has implemented a number of successful air raids to the military facilities of the enemy.

Vaupshasov S.A. - The commander of the partisan detachment

Vaupshasov Stanislav Alekseevich, 15 (27) .07.1899-19.11.1976, Colonel, Hero of the Soviet Union (5.11.1944), Lithuanian. The real name of Vaupshas, \u200b\u200bwas born in the village. Gruzlyayi Siaulian Coven province in the workshop family. Labor activity began a barrack in his native village. From 1914 he lived in Moscow, worked as an excavator, a reorganist at the "Explorer" factory. Since 1918 in the Red Guard, then in the Red Army.

He fought first on the South Front, then against the troops of General Dutov and Belochov, then on the West Front. From 1920 to 1925, he was at underground work on the line T. N. "Active intelligence" of the RKKK intelligence in the Western regions of Belarus occupied by Poland. Organizer and commander of partisan detachments. For work in Belarus Vaupshasov S.A. He was awarded the honorary weapon and the Order of the Red Banner.

After folding "active intelligence" withdrawn in the USSR. Since 1925, he was on administrative and economic work in Moscow. In 1927 he graduated from the Kursostava RKKA courses. In the 1930s, he worked in the GPU Belarus, the head of the section on the construction of the Canal Moscow - Volga. In 1937-1939. Vaupshasov S.A. He was on a business trip in Spain as a senior adviser at the headquarters of the 14th Partisan Corps of the Republican Army for Intelligence and Divergers (under the pseudonyms of balls and "Tov. Alfred").

After the defeat of the republic, risking life, took out republican archives. Since 1939 - in the central office of the NKVD of the USSR. During the Soviet-Finnish war 1939-1940. Participated in the formation of intelligence and sabotage groups. Awarded with registered weapons. In 1940 he joined the WCP (b). In 1940-1941 In an intelligence logging in Finland and Sweden.

After returning to the USSR, it was directed at the disposal of a special group - the 2nd department of the NKVD of the USSR. From September 1941 - Commander of the battalion of OMSbon NKVD of the USSR, took part in the battle near Moscow. From March 1942 to July 1944, under the pseudonym of the Halls - the commander of the partisan detachment of the NKGB of the USSR "Local" operating in the Minsk region. During his stay in the enemy's rear, the partisan compound under the command of Vaupyshova S.A. Over 14 thousand German soldiers and officers were destroyed, 57 major sabotage were committed. Among them - the explosion of the dining room SD, as a result of which several dozen high-ranking German officers were killed.

In 1945 he worked in the central office of the NKGB in Moscow. In August 1945, he participated in combat operations against Japan, then the head of the NKGB operas on the cleaning of the rear in Manchuria. From December 1946, the head of the Armediary of the MGB of the Lithuanian SSR. Participated in the elimination of anti-Soviet Armed Forces in Lithuania. In 1954, fired to the reserve.

Commander of the partisan detachment Orlovsky k.p.

Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich, 18 (30) .01.1895-1968, Colonel, Hero of the Soviet Union (09/20/1943), Hero of Socialist Labor (1965), Belarus, Born in der. Mulkovichi in the family of a peasant. In 1906 he entered the Popovshchinsky parish school, which he graduated in 1910. In 1915, was called up to the army. He served first in the 251st spare infantry shelf of the rank, and from 1917 - a Unter-Officer, the commander of the Sapper platoon of the 65th Rifle Regiment on the Western Front. In January 1918 Orlovsky K.P. Demobilized from the army and returned to the native village of Muskovichi.

In December 1918 - May 1919 worked in Bobruisk CC. From May 1919 to May 1920 he studied at the 1-Moscow Commostava infantry courses, at the same time, as a cadet, participated in the battles against Yudenich's troops, in the Soviet-Polish war. From May 1920 to May 1925, he led the partisan detachments in Western Belarus along the line of "active intelligence" of the RKKKA. Under the leadership of Orlovsky K.P. There were several dozen combat operations, as a result of which more than 100 Polish gendarmes and landowners were destroyed.

After returning to the USSR Orlovsky kp He studied at the Communist University of the National Minestry of the West. Marchlevsky, who graduated from 1930, then for five years was at work on the selection and training of partisan personnel on the special department of the NKVD of the BSSR. In 1937-1938 Special tasks on the line of Soviet external intelligence during the war with the fascists in Spain. From January 1938 to February 1939 - a listener of NKVD special courses in Moscow. Since 1939 Orlovsky K.P. - Assistant Director of the Agricultural Institute in Chkalov (now Orenburg).

Since 1940 - again in state security bodies. From March 1941 to May 1942, he was located in the Labor commission on the NKVD in China. After returning to the USSR Orlovsky kp - in the 4th administration of the NKVD of the USSR. On October 27, 1942, he sent a group of paratroopers to the enemy's rear to the Belovezhskaya Pushcha district, participated in the organization of partisan detachments and headed the detachment of the Sokol's special purpose. In February 1943, during an operation to destroy the Deputy Gaulier, Belarus F. Fensa Orlovsky was seriously injured, he was withdrawn his right hand.

From August 1943 to December 1944 - in the NKGB of Belarus, then resigned by health. Hero of the Soviet Union (09/20/1943). Hero of Socialist Labor (1965). He was awarded five orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Labor Red Banner of the BSSR (1932), many medals.

Prudnikov M.S. - Commander of the partisan brigade

Prudnikov Mikhail Sidorovich, 04/15/1913 - 27.04.1995, Hero of the Soviet Union (1944), Major General (1970), Russian, Born in the der. Novo-complooming of the Tomsk province (now the Izhmorsky district of the Kemerovo region) in the peasant family. In 1931, he was called up to the army, served as the Red Army man of the 15th Alma-Ata Regiment of the OGPU troops. In 1933, he was aimed at studying at the 2nd Kharkov border school, after her graduation was appointed Commandant of the school. In 1940-1941 - Cadet VPs NKVD USSR in Moscow.

Since July 1941 Prudnikov M.S. - Commander of the machine-gun company, then the commander of the OMSbon battalion. Participated in battles for Moscow. From February 1942 to May 1943 - the commander of the operational group, and then the partisan brigade "elusive" in the rear of the German troops.

Eatingon N.I.

Eatingon Naum Isaakovich, 12.12.1899-1981, Major General (1945), a Jew, born in the city of Shklov Mogilev province in the family of a paper factory. He graduated from 7 classes of Mogilev Commercial School. In the spring of 1920, the decision of the Gomel Sponge of the RCP (b) was aimed at work in the AGC bodies. In October 1925, after completion of his studies, the OGPU was credited and in the same year was sent by a resident of foreign intelligence in Shanghai.

In 1936 after the start of the Civil War in Spain, Eytingon under the name of Leonid Alexandrovich Kotova was sent to Madrid as the deputy resident of the NKVD and the Main Security Counselor at the Republican Government.

From 20.08.42 - Deputy Head of the 4th Department of the NKVD / NKGB of the USSR. Along with Sudoplatov P.A. Eatingon was one of the organizers of the partisan movement and intelligence and sabotage work in the occupied territory of the USSR, and later - in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania, played a leading role in carrying out the legendary operational radio games against the German intelligence "Monastery" and "Berezin".

For the performance of special tasks during the Great Patriotic War Eatingon N.I. He was awarded the regimental orders of Suvorov of the 2nd degree and Alexander Nevsky. After the end of the war, he took an active part in the development and implementation of agent combinations for the elimination of Polish and Lithuanian nationalist bandforms. July 21, 53. Arrested on the "case".

In 1957, he was sentenced to 12 years in prison. From March 1957, he served the term in the Vladimir prison. In 1964 he was released. From 1965 - the senior editor of the publishing house "International Relations". In 1981, he died in the Moscow CKB from the stomach ulcers, and only in April 1992 his posthumous rehabilitation followed. He was awarded orders: Lenin (1941), Suvorov of the 2nd degree (1944), Alexander Nevsky, two - Red Banners (1927 - for work in China; 1936 - in Spain), medals.

According to the materials of the book by A. Popov "Spetsnaz NKVD in the rear of the enemy", M., "Yauza", "Eksmo", 2013

We first give a list of the largest partisan compounds and their managers. Here is this list:

Chernihiv-Volyn partisan compound General Major A.F. Fedorov

Gomel partisan compound General Major I.P.Kozhar

partisan compound General Major V.Z.Korzhzh

partisan compound General Major M.I.Naumov

partisan compound General Major A.N.Saburov

partisan Brigade General-Major M.I.Duk

Ukrainian partisan division Major General P.P.versigor

Rivne partisan connection Colonel V.A. Begma

Ukrainian headquarters of the partisan movement Major General V.A.andreyev

In this paper, we will restrict ourselves to the consideration of some of them.

Sumy partisan connection. Major General S.A. Kovpak

Head of the Kovpak, Soviet state and public figure, one of the organizers of the partisan movement, twice the hero of the Soviet Union (18.5.1942 and 4.1.1944), Major General (1943). Member of the CPSU since 1919. Born in the family of a farmer-poor. The participant of the Civil War 1918--20: He headed the partisan detachment, fought in Ukraine with German invaders together with the detachments of A. Ya. Parkhomenko, fought against Denikintsev; He participated in the battles on the Eastern Front as part of the 25th Chapaevsky division and on the South Front - against Wrangel's troops. In 1921--26, the military binder in a number of cities of Ekaterinoslav province. In 1937--41 Chairman of the Putivl City Executive Committee of the Sumy Region. In the period of the Great Patriotic War, 1941--1945 Kovpak - commander of the Putivl partisan detachment, then the compounds of the partisan detachments of the Sumy region, a member of the illegal CP (b) of Ukraine. In 1941--42, the Kovpac compound was carried out raids in the rear of the enemy in Sumy, Kursk, Oryol and Bryansk regions, in 1942--43 - Raid from the Bryansk forests to the Right-Bank Ukraine in Gomel, Pinskaya, Volyn, Rivne, Zhytomyr and Kiev regions ; In 1943 - Carpathian raid. Sumy partisan connection under the command of the Kovpak passed with battles on the reasons of the German-fascist troops more than 10 thousand km , defeated the enemy garrisons in 39 settlements. The Kovpak raids played a big role in the deployment of the partisan movement against the German-fascist invaders. In January 1944, Sumy compound was renamed to the 1st Ukrainian partisan division of the Kovpak. He was awarded with 4 Lenin orders, the Order of the Red Banner, the orders of Suvorov of the 1st degree, Bogdan Khmelnitsky 1st degree, orders of Czechos and Poland, as well as medals.

In early July 1941, the formation of partisan detachments and underground groups began in Putivle. One partisan detachment under the command of S.A. Kovpak was to act in the Spare Forest, who was commanded by S.V. Rudnev, - in the Novoslobodsky Forest, the third, headed by S.F. Kirilenko, in the tract Maritsa. In October of the same year, the general detachment meeting was decided to unite into a single Putivl partisan detachment. S.A. Kovpak became the commander of the United Detachment, Commissioner - S.V. Rodnev, Headquarters, G.Y. Bazima. By the end of 1941, there were only 73 people in the detachment, and by mid-1942 - more than a thousand. Small and large partisan detachments from other places came to the campack. Gradually born the connection of folk avengers of the Sumy region. On May 26, 1942, the Kovpakov was released Pututl and held him two days. And in October, breaking through the enemy blockade created around the Bryansky forest, the connection of the partisan detachments was at the raid on the Right Bank of the Dnieper. For the month, Kovpakov took place 750 km. According to the rear of the enemy through Sumy, Chernihiv, Gomel, Kiev, Zhytomyr region. 26 bridges were blown up, 2 echelon with a living force and technology of fascists, 5 armored cars and 17 cars were destroyed. For the period of its second raid - from July to October 1943 - the combination of partisan detachments has passed four thousand kilometers with battles. The partisans brought out the main oil and oil rods and oil pipelines located in the Drohobych area and Ivano-Frankivsk. The newspaper "Pravda of Ukraine" wrote: "From Germany, telegrams flew from: to catch the burdens, lock in the mountains of his detachments. Twenty five times the ring of punishers around the regions engaged in the partisan general, and the same time he left unharmed. "

Being in a difficult situation, and leading fierce battles, the Kovpakov made themselves and from their last entourage shortly before the liberation of Ukraine.

4 .2 Chernihiv-Volyn partisan compound General Major A.F. Fedorov

In this year, Ukraine at the state level celebrates 100 years since the birth of the legendary partisan commander, twice the hero of the Soviet Union, Major General Alexei Fedorovich Fedorova.

Alexey Fedorov, a native of Ekaterino Slavs (now Dnepropetrovsk region), served in the civil war in Red Cavalry, participated in the battles with a gang of Tyutyunnik. Then he was educated and worked in trade union and party bodies in Ukraine.

The Great Patriotic War was found by A.F. Fedorov as the first secretary of the Chernigov Regional Committee KP (b) y. After the Chernihiv region occupation, the Germans continued his work in the underground, and the first secretary was headed by the headquarters of the partisan movement. At the initiative of Alexei Fedorov, five partisan detachments based in the north of Chernigov region were combined into a single regional detachment.

Over time, the famous Chernihiv-Volyn compound has grown out of it, the bold actions of which were one of the bright pages of the partisan movement. In early spring of 1943, by order of the Ukrainian headquarters of the partisan movement, Major Fedorov led his connection to the raid on Volyn. So the Operation "Cowel Knot" began, which military historians call the "peak of the partisan art of General Fedorov."

Soviet intelligence has established that on the summer campaign of 1943 the Germans are preparing a powerful offensive operation "Citadel" on the Kursk arc. In order to disorganize the ways of supplying the German-fascist troops, the Soviet command decided to deploy a large-scale "rail war" in the rear of the enemy.

The partisan compound A.F. Fedorov received a task to act in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Kovel railway station, through which there was a significant part of the goods for the German "Center's German Army Group.

In July 1943, five sabotage battalions have begun to fight enemy's echelons on the paths overlooking the Covel.

On some days, the uniforms of the compound were destroyed in two or three enemy echelon. The strategic node was paralyzed.

For ten months of the Kovel Operation Operations, under the command of A.F. Fedorov, allowed 549 echelons with ammunition, flammable, military equipment and a living force of the enemy, destroying about ten thousand invaders. For the operation of the Kovel Knot, Alexey Fedorov received the second gold star of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

After the war, A.F. Fedorov headed the Izmail, Kherson and Zhytomyr Commander of the Party, worked as the Minister of Social Security of the Ukrainian SSR, was elected by the deputy of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR and the USSR.

The partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War was massive. Residents of the occupied territories thousands went into the partisans in order to fight the invader. Their courage and coordinated actions against the enemy have greatly loosen him, which influenced the course of the war and brought the Soviet Union a great victory.

The partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War is a massive phenomenon in the occupied fascist Germany of the USSR territory, which was characterized by the struggle of people living on the captured lands of the Wehrmacht forces.

Partisans are the main part of the anti-fascist movement, resistance to the Soviet people. Their actions, contrary to many judgments, were not chaotic - large partisan detachments were subordinate to the management bodies of the Red Army.

The main tasks of the partisans were in violation of the automotive, air and railway communication of the enemy, as well as in the undermining work of communication lines.

Interesting! For 1944, over one million partisans operated on the territory of the occupied lands.

During the offensive of the USSR, partisans joined the regular troops of the Red Army.

The beginning of the partisan war

Now it is well aware of what role the partisans played in the Great Patriotic War. The partisan brigades began to organize in the first weeks of hostilities when the Red Army retreated with huge losses.

The main objectives of the resistance movement were set forth in the documents dated June 29 of the first year of war. On September 5, we developed a wide list where the main tasks were formulated to combat the rear of the German troops.

In 1941, a special motorized rifle brigade was created, which played the most important importance in the development of the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War. Separate sabotage groups (as a rule, several dozen people) specifically threw the enemy in the rear to replenish the rows of partisan groupings.

The formation of partisan detachments was caused by cruel Nazi orders, as well as the export of civilians from the territory of the occupied enemy to Germany for heavy work.

In the first months of the War, the partisan detachments were extremely small, since most of the people occupied the waiting position. Initially, no one supplied partisan detachments with weapons and ammunition, and therefore their role at the beginning of the war was extremely small.

At the beginning of the fall of 1941, communication with the partisans in the deep rear improved significantly - the movement of partisan detachments was significantly intensified and began to wear a more organized order. Together with this, the interaction of partisans with regular troops of the Soviet Union (USSR) improved - they participated in battles together.

Often, the leaders of the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War, the ordinary peasants who did not have military training were faced. Later, the rate sent their own officers to command detachments.

In the first months of the war, the partisans were shot down into small detachments to several dozen people. Already after less than six months, the fighters in the detachments began to withdraw hundreds of fighters. When the Red Army passed into the offensive of the detachments turned into whole brigades with thousands of defenders of the Soviet Union.

The largest detachments arose in the districts of Ukraine and Belarus, where the oppression of the Germans was particularly severe.

Principal activities of PARTIZAN'S MOVEMENT

An important role in organizing the work of the resistance detachments was the creation of the headquarters of the partisan movement (CSWP). Stalin was appointed to the post of the commander of the resistance of Marshal Voroshilov, who believed that their support is the key strategic goal of ka.

In small partisan detachments, there was no heavy weapons - a light weapon dominated: rifles;

• rifles;
• pistols;
• automata;
• grenades;
• manual machine guns.

Large brigades have a mortar and other heavy weapons, which allowed them to fight against enemy tanks.

The partisan and underground movement in the years of the Great Patriotic War seriously undermined the work of the German rear, reducing the fighting efficiency of the Wehrmacht on the lands of Ukraine and the Belarusian SSR.

Partizan detachment in the destroyed Minsk, photo 1944

The guerrilla brigades were mainly engaged in undermining railway tracks, bridges and echelons, making a quick transfer of troops, ammunition and provisions for long distances are not productive.

Groups that were engaged in disruptive work were in service with powerful explosives such operations were led by officers from the specialized parts of the Red Army.

The main task of the partisans during the fighting was to not give the Germans to prepare defense, undermine the martial spirit and apply to the rear of such a damage from which it was difficult to recover. The undermining of communications is predominantly railways, bridges, killing officers, deprivation of communication and much more seriously helped in the fight against the enemy. A confusing enemy could not resist, and the Red Army won.

Initially small (about 30 people), partisan detachment divisions took part in large-scale offensive operations of the Soviet troops. Then, whole brigades were poured into the rows of ka, the reserves of the troops weakened by the battles.

As a conclusion, you can briefly allocate basic ways to fight resistance teams:

1. Divergers (in the rear of the German army were made pogroms) in any form - especially in relation to enemy trains.
2. Intelligence and counterintelligence.
3. Propaganda for the benefit of the Communist Party.
4. Combat assistance to the forces of the Red Army.
5. The liquidation of the Motherland - called collaborators.
6. The destruction of the enemy combat composition and officers.
7. Mobilization of civilians.
8. Maintaining Soviet power in the occupied areas.

Legalization of the movement of partisan

The formation of partisan detachments was controlled by the command of the Red Army - the rate understood that the sabotage work in the enemy's rear and other actions would seriously spoil the life of the German army. The rate contributed to the armed struggle of partisans with the Nazi invaders, significantly resulted in the victory under Stalingrad.

If until 1942, mortality in partisan detachments reached 100%, then by 1944 it fell to 10%.

Separate brigades partisans were managed by the highest manual directly. In the ranks of such brigades, specially trained specialists in sabotage activities were also held, whose task was to study and organize less trained fighters.

The party support has significantly strengthened the power of the detachments, and therefore the actions of the partisans were sent to the profog of the Red Army. During any offensive operation, the enemy should have expect a blow from the rear.

Signal operations

The forces of resistance were held hundreds, or even thousands of operations in order to undermine the combat capability of the enemy. The most remarkable of them was the combat operation "Concert".

In this operation, more than one hundred thousand soldiers participated and it was held in a huge territory: in Belarus, Crimea, on the Baltic States, in the Leningrad region and so on.

The main goal is to destroy the enemy rail communication so that it cannot replenish reserves and supplies during the battle for the Dnieper.

As a result, the efficiency of railways decreased on a catastrophic for the enemy 40%. The operation ceased due to the lack of explosives - with a larger guest partisans could cause greasely significant harm.

After the victory over the enemy on the Dnipro River, the partisans began to participate massively in large operations, starting in 1944.

Geography and scale

Resistance troops were collected in those areas where there were thick forests, beams and swamps. In the steppe regions, the Germans easily wanted a guerrilla and destroyed. In unparalleled areas, they were protected from the numerical advantage of the German.

One of the large centers of the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War was in Belarus.

Belarusian partisans in the forests were horrified on the enemy, attacking suddenly, when the Germans could not repel the attack, and after also imperceptibly disappeared.

Initially, the position of the partisan was extremely deplorable. However, the victory near Moscow, and after and the winter offensive significantly raised their morale. After the liberation of the capital of Belarus, a partisan parade occurred.

No less large-scale resistance movement in Ukraine, especially in the Crimea.

The cruel attitude of the Germans to the Ukrainian people forced people to massively leave the rows of resistance. However, here the partisan resistance had its own characteristic features.

Very often, the movement was directed not only to the struggle against the fascists, but also against Soviet power. This was especially manifested in the territory of Western Ukraine, the local population was seen by the invasion of the Germans as liberation from the Bolshevik regime, and massively switched to the side of Germany.

Participants in the partisan movement became national heroes, for example, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who died at the age of 18 in German captivity, becoming the Soviet Jeanne d'Ark.

The struggle of the population against fascist Germany was in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Karelia and other regions.

The most ambitious operation conducted by the resistance fighters was the so-called "rail war". In August 1943, large sabotage formations were shipped to the enemy's rear, which tens of thousands of rails were undermined. In total, during the operation, more than two hundred thousand rails were undermined - Hitler seriously underestimated the resistance of the Soviet people.

As mentioned above, the "Concert" operation was important, which followed after the "Rail War" and is associated with the onset of the forces of ka.

The attacks of the partisans took a massive character (the warring groups were presented on all fronts) the enemy could not objectively and quickly react - the German troops were in panic.

In turn, it caused the executions of the population that had assisted partisans - the fascists destroyed whole villages. Such actions prompted even more people in the ranks of resistance.

Results and meaning of the partisan war

Completely evaluating the contribution of partisans to the victory over the enemy is very difficult, but all historians agree that he was extremely weighty. Still in history, the movement of resistance did not gain such a massive nature - millions of civilians began to stand for their homeland and brought her victory.

Resistance fighters not only undermined railways, warehouses and bridges - they were captured by the Germans and passed them by Soviet intelligence, so that she had learned the plans of the enemy.

The arms of the resistance was seriously undermined by the defense ability of the Wehrmacht forces on the territory of Ukraine and Belarus, which simplified the offensive and reduced losses in the rows of ka.

Children-partisans

Separate attention deserves such a phenomenon as children-partisans. Boys of school age wanted to fight the invader. Among such heroes should be allocated:

• Valentine Kitty;
• Marat Kaza;
• Vanya Kazachenko;
• Vitya Sitnica;
• Olya Demes;
• Alyosha Vyglov;
• Zina Portorova;
• Pavlik Titov and others.

The young men and girls were engaged in intelligence, supplied brigades with supplies and water, fought in battle against the enemy, undermined the tanks - they did everything to drive fascists. By children-partisans, the times of the Great Patriotic War did not less than adults. Many of them died and received the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union."

Heroes of the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War

Hundreds of participants of the resistance movement became the "Heroes of the Soviet Union" - some twice. Among such figures, I would like to highlight Sidora Kovpak - the commander of the partisan detachment who fought in Ukraine.

Sidor Kovpak was the man who inspired the people to oppose the enemy. He was a warlord of the largest junction of partisans in Ukraine and under his beginning thousands of Germans were killed. In 1943, for its effective actions against the enemy, the Kovpak gave the title of Major General.

Next to him is to put Fedorov Alexey, also commanded a major compound. Fedorov acted in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. He was one of the most wanted partisans. Fedorov made a huge contribution to the development of the tactics of the partisan war, which was used in the next years.

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya is one of the most famous female partisans, also became the first woman who received the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union". During one of the operations, she captured and heated, but before the end showed bravery and did not give out the plans of the Soviet command. The girl went to the saboteurs despite the words of the commander that 95% of the entire composition would die during operations. She was instructed by the task of burning ten settlements in which German soldiers were based. The heroine could not fully fulfill the order, since during the next arson, a resident of the village noted, who passed the girl to the Germans.

Zoya became symbols of fascism resistance - its image was used not only in Soviet propaganda. The news of the Soviet partisan reached Burma, where she also became a national hero.

Awards to participants of partisan detachments

Since resistance played an important role in the victory over the Germans, a special award was established - the "Partizan Patriotic War" medal.

First degree awards were awarded to fighters often posthumously. This applies, above all, those partisans who were not afraid to act in the first year of the war, while in the deep rear without any support for the forces of ka.

As the heroes of war, the partisans appeared in many Soviet films dedicated to military topics. Among the key films can be allocated as follows:

"Climbing" (1976).
"Konstantin barriers" (1949).
The trilogy "Duma about the Kovpak", which was published from 1973 to 1976.
"Parisans in the steppes of Ukraine" (1943).
"In the forests under the covery" (1984) and many others.
The aforementioned sources say that the films about the partisans began to shoot and during the fighting - it was necessary that people support this movement and entered into the ranks of resistance fighters.

In addition to movies, the partisans became heroes and many songs, ballads that covered their feats and carried the message about them among the people.

Now the names of the famous partisans are named streets, parks, thousands of monuments for all CIS countries have been established and beyond. A vivid example is Burma, where the feat of Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya is.

A consistent contribution to the victory of the Soviet Union over the Hitler Germany, partisan detachments were made, wrapped in the rear of the enemy from Leningrad to Odessa. They headed them not only the personnel military, but also people of peace professions. Real heroes.

Batka Minai.

Minai Filipovich Shmurev by the beginning of the war was the director of the Puddot Cardboard Factory (Belorus). The past of the 51-year-old director was combat: awarded three George crosses in the I world, a civilian struggled with banditry.

In July 1941, in the village, Schmerevsky formed a partisan detachment in the village of Padt. For two months, the partisans were divided into battle with the enemy, destroyed 14 cars, 18 tanks with fuel, blew 8 bridges, defeated the district council of the Germans in Surage.

In the spring of 1942, Shmurev, by order of the Central Committee of Belarus, was united with three partisan detachments and headed the first Belarusian partisan brigade. The partisans knocked out the fascists from 15 villages and created a sourage partisan edge. Here, the Soviet government was restored before the arrival of the Red Army. In the site of coming - the Tarasenki six months existed the "Summer Gate" - a 40-kilometer zone, through which the partisan was supplied with weapons and food.
All Native Batts are mine: four small children, sister and mother-in-law were shot by the fascists.
In the fall of 1942, Szyreva was transferred to the central headquarters of the partisan movement. In 1944 he was assigned the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
After the war, Schmeyr returned to the economic work.

Son of the fist "Uncle Kostya"

Konstantin Sergeevich Zakonov was born in the city of Ostashkov Tver province. In the thirties, his family was smoked and exiled to the Kola Peninsula in the Hibinogogorsk.
After school, the barriers became the railwayman, by 1941 he worked as the head of the steam locomotive depot in Orsha (Belarus) and was evacuated to Moscow, but voluntarily went back.

He served under the pseudonym "Uncle Kostya", created underground, which, with the help of mines disguised under coal, was allowed for three months to succeed 93 echelon of the fascists.
In the spring of 1942, the barriers organized the partisan detachment. The squad led the fights with the Germans, lured to his side 5 garrisons of the Russian National People's Army.
Died barrows in battle with punishers RNA, who came to the partisans under the guise of the reinstaters. He was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

Officer NKVD Dmitry Medvedev

The native of the Orlovskaya province Dmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev was an officer of the NKVD.
He was fired twice - then because of his brother - "the enemy of the people, then" for the unreasonable termination of criminal cases. " In the summer of 1941, he was restored in the ranks.
He headed the intelligence and sabotage opera "Mitya", which conducted more than 50 operations in Smolensk, Mogilev and Bryansk regions.
In the summer of 1942, he headed the specialty "Winners" and spent more than 120 successful operations. 11 Generals were destroyed, 2000 soldiers, 6000 Bandera, undermined 81 echelon.
In 1944, Medvedev was transferred to staff work, but in 1945 he went to Lithuania to combat the "Forest Brothers" gang. I resigned in the rank of colonel. Hero of the Soviet Union.

Diversian Mental Badaev

Vladimir Alexandrovich Molodov worked at the mine from 16 years. Passed the way from the rider of trolleys to the deputy director. In 1934, sent to the Central School of the NKVD.
In July 1941, he arrived in Odessa for intelligence and sabotage work. He worked under the pseudonym Pavel Badaev.

Badaeva's squads were hidden in Odessa Catacombs, the fights with Romanians, dreamed of communication lines, arranged sabotage in the port, carried out intelligence. Deprived of a curfew with 149 officers. The station station was destroyed by Echelon with the administration for the occupied Odessa.

16,000 people threw fascists' elimination. They were allowed in the catacombs of the gas, poisoned the water, mined passes. In February 1942, the wellms and his connected were captured. Well done was executed on July 12, 1942.
Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously.

Desperate guerrilla "Mikhailo"

Azerbaijani Mehi Ganifa-oglu Huseyn-Zade was called up to RKKA from a student bench. Member of the Stalingrad battle. It was hardly injured, captured and taken out to Italy. Fight in early 1944, joined the partisans and became the Commissioner of the company of Soviet partisans. He was engaged in exploration, sabotage, exploded bridges and airfields, executed Gestapovts. For the desperate courage received the nickname "Partizan Mikhailo".
A squad under his command made a raid on a prison, freed 700 prisoners of war.
He was captured under the village of Vitel. Mehdi was shooting to the end, and then committed suicide.
He learned about his exploits after the war. In 1957 he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.

Officer OGPU Naumov

A native of the Perm region Mikhail Ivanovich Naumov by the beginning of the war was an OGPU employee. Cutured when crossing the Dniester, got into the environment, went to the partisans and soon headed the detachment. In the fall of 1942, he became the head of the headquarters of the partisan detachments of the Sumy region, and in January 1943 he headed the cavalry compound.

In the spring of 1943, Naumov conducted a legendary steppe raid with a length of 2379 kilometers on the rear of fascists. For this operation, the captain appropriated the rank of major general, which is a unique event, and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In total Naumov spent three large-scale raids on the rear of the enemy.
After the war, he continued to serve in the ranks of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Kovpak

Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak became a legend during his lifetime. Born in Poltava in the poor peasant family. In the I world of the hands of Nicholas II received the St. George Cross. In the civilian partition against the Germans, fought with white.

Since 1937 he was chairman of the Putivl City Executive Committee of the Sumy Region.
In the fall of 1941, he headed the Putivl partisan detachment, and then the connection of the units of the Sumy region. Partisans committed military raids on the rear of the enemy. Their total length amounted to more than 10,000 kilometers. 39 enemy garrisons were defeated.

On August 31, 1942, Kovpak participated in the meeting of partisan commanders in Moscow, was adopted by Stalin and Voroshilov, after which he made a raid for the Dnieper. At this moment, there were 2,000 fighters, 130 machine guns, 9 guns in the Kovpak detachment.
In April 1943 he was awarded the title of Major General.
Twice hero of the Soviet Union.