Experience and mistakes of literary heroes. The cooking "Psychological saturation of the novel" The hero of our time

Since 2014-2015 of the school year, a final graduation essay is present in the program final certification of schoolchildren. This format is significantly different from the classic exam. Work is uncommitable, based on the knowledge of a graduate in the field of literature. The writing is aimed at identifying the ability of the examiner to argue on a given topic and argue its point of view. Mainly, the final composition allows you to assess the level of graduate speech culture. For the examination work, five topics are offered from the closed list.

1. Introduction
2. Main part - thesis and arguments
3. Conclusion - output

The final essay of 2016 involves the volume from 350 words.

Time allocated for examination work - 3 hours 55 minutes.

Topics of final essay

The issues offered for consideration are usually addressed to the inner world of man, personal relationships, psychological peculiarities and the concepts of universal morality. So, the topics of the final essay of the 2016-2017 academic year include the following directions:

1. "Experience and mistakes"

Here are the concepts, to disclose which is to be examined in the process of reasoning, contacting the program from the world of literature. In the final essay of 2016, the graduate should identify relationships between these categories based on the analysis, building logical interconnections and the use of knowledge of literary works.

One of these topics is "experience and errors".

As a rule, works from the course of the school program on literature - the etobol gallery of various images and characters that can be used to write a final essay on the topic "Experience and errors".

• Roman A.S. Pushkin "Evgeny Onegin"
• Roman M.Yu.Lermontova "Hero of our time"
• Roman M. A. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita"
• Roman I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Children"
• Roman F.M.Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
• Tale A.I.Kuprina "Pomegranate bracelet"

Arguments for the final essay of 2016 "Experience and errors"

• "Evgeny Onegin" A.S. Pushkin

In the novel in verses "Eugene Onegin", the problem of irreparable mistakes in human life is clearly demonstrated, which can lead to serious consequences. So, the main character of Evgeny Onegin his behavior with Olgaive the house of Larina provoked the jealousy of his friend Lensky, who called him a duel. Friends agreed in the deadly fight, in which Vladimir, alas, was not such a promnial shooter as Eugene. Unworthy behavior and sudden duel of friends, thus, turned out to be a big mistake in the Hero's life. Also here is to turn to the love story of Eugene and Tatiana, whose recognition of Onegin cruelly rejects. Only years later, he understands which fatal mistake committed.

• "Crime and Punishment" F. M. Dostoevsky

The central question for the hero of the work f . M.Dostoevsky becomes a desire to understand his ability to act, to finish the fate of people, neglecting the norms of universal morality - "Creator I tremor, Ile I have the right?" Rodion Raskolnikov commits a crime by killing the old-year-older, and later aware of the gravity of the perfect act. The manifestation of cruelty and inhumanity, a huge mistake that caused the suffering of Rodion, became a lesson for him. Subsequently, the hero becomes true, due to the spiritual purity and compassion of the Sonchiki marmalade. The crime committed remains a bitter experience for him.

• "Fathers and children" I.S.Turgenev

An example of writings

On his life path, a person has to take a large number of vital decisions, choose how to enroll in a particular situation. In the process of experiencing various events, a person acquires a life experience that becomes his spiritual luggage, helping future life and cooperation with people and society. However, often we fall into difficult, contradictory conditions when we cannot guarantee the correctness of your decision and be sure that what we consider faithful now will not be a big mistake for us.

An example of the influence of the human life of the person committed by him can be seen in the Romana A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The work demonstrates the problem of irreparable mistakes in human life, which can lead to serious consequences. Thus, the main character - Evgeny Onegin his behavior with Olga in the house of Larina provoked the jealousy of his friend Lensky, who called him a duel. Friends agreed in the deadly fight, in which Vladimir, alas, was not such a promnial shooter as Eugene. Unworthy behavior and sudden duel of friends, thus, turned out to be a big mistake in the Hero's life. Also here is to turn to the love story of Eugene and Tatiana, whose recognition of Onegin cruelly rejects. Only years later, he understands which fatal mistake committed.

It is also worth contacting the novel by I.S.Turgenev "Fathers and Children", where the problem of errors in the unshakability of views and beliefs is revealed, which can lead to deposits.

In the work of I.S. Turgeneva Evgeny Bazarov is a progressively thinking young man, a nihist, which deny the value of the experience of previous generations. He says that he absolutely does not believe in feelings: "Love is Belibard, an unforgivable fool." The hero meets Anna Odintsov, in love with and afraid to admit even to himself, because it would mean a contradiction with his own beliefs of universal denial. However, later he is fatally ill, not conscious of this native and loved ones. Being seriously ill, he finally realizes that he loves Anna. Only on the outcome of the life of Evgeny is aware of how much it was mistaken in his attitude to love and nihilistic worldview.

Thus, it is worth talking about how important it is to correctly evaluate your thoughts and actions, analyzing actions that can lead to a big mistake. A person is constantly in development, improves his way of thoughts and behavior, and therefore he must act deliberately, relying on life experience.

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"Pechorin, returning from Persia, died ..." Did you think at what circumstances could it happen?
The death of Lermontov was instant - Pechistan, who died on the road for an unknown reason, apparently, was intended to fully experience the flour "Moving Death". Who was next to him in this hard moment? His "proud" lacquer?
And if this happened to him not on the road? What would change? Most likely nothing! Not a single alive, caring soul nearby ... But after all, he loved him and Mary, and faith. Maxim Maximach at any minute is ready to "rush to him on the neck." Even Werner at a certain point would have done the same if Pechorin "showed him the slightest for this desire." But all connections with people are drowned. Non-free challenges are not implemented. Why?
According to Gregory Alexandrovich, Werner - "Skeptic and Motherist." Healthy Pechorin refers to the number of people believers. In any case, in the "fatalist", written on the face of Pechorin, read: "They reasoned that the Muslim belief, as if the fate of a person was written in heaven, finds and between N-A-M-and, X-R-I -Th-and-ah-ah-M-and, many fans ... "It is like a person who believes, in the story" Taman "the Pechorin exclaims:" On the wall there is a single image - a bad sign! " In Tamani, the hero quotes the book of the Prophet Isaiah, albeit inaccurately: "On that day, silent and blind will penetrate." In the "Princess Mary" (recording from June 3rd) Grigory Alexandrovich without any irony argues that only "in the highest state of self-knowledge of a person can appreciate God's justice."
At the same time, in the famous fragment, "I returned home to empty alleys of the village ..." ("Fatalist") Pechorin can not resist laughter, remembering that "there were no time the people who were thinking that heavenly take part in our insignificant disputes For the block of the Earth or any fictional rights, "people who are convinced that" the whole sky with their countless residents looks at them with participation, although silent, but unchanged! .. "The above quotes show that the soul of Pechorina is tormented by doubts. In the same fragment, the reason for his doubt is "involuntary fear, a compressive heart with thought about the inevitable end." That "longing of death", which torments Balu, causing rolling, knocking down a dressing. This is a sharp, painful sense of the limb of being can be familiar not only in dying. The abstract idea of \u200b\u200bthe immortality of the soul in such minutes may well seem blunt and unconvincing. It can be assumed that Pechorina has to worry about such doubts because of his faith weakened under the influence of a secular lifestyle, acquaintance with different new-fashioned currents, etc. However, a deeply believer, who did not dry about any "mothers" Bal did not escape this flour "longing of death". So dependence here is rather reverse: the fear of death leads to the weakening of faith.
To overcome their doubts, Pechorin is trying through the mind. "I have long lived not with heart, but a head" - this recognition of the hero is fully confirmed by the content of the novel. And this is despite the fact that in the work there is an irrefutable certificate of the truthfulness of the voice of the heart - the history of the tragic death of the voyol. Why does this story convince Pechorin in the need to listen to her heart? The voice of the heart is "illegal", is not founded on any material arguments. "Printing death on a pale face" of the lieutenant is too Zyibko, indefinitely. On this you will not build any little more convincing theory. And therefore, "metaphysics" is discarded to the side. Moreover, it follows from the context that this term is used by Pechorin in the value that the "dictionary of foreign words", for example, is defined as "anti-scientific fabrications of" spiritual origin "of being, about objects inaccessible to sensory experience" (1987, p. 306). Is it possible to remain a man believer, leaning on one naked reason?
To answer this question, it is necessary to place a story in the chronological sequence and trace the development of the character of the hero.
No one is in doubt that from a chronological point of view the first in the chain of the line is located "Taman". In this story we see full energy and thirst for the knowledge of the life of the hero. Only one shadow flashed on the floor, encourages him to meet the adventure. And this despite the obvious danger: descending on the same side for the second time, Pechorin notes: "I do not understand how I did not break my neck." However, the danger is only a wonderful stimulus for active actions, for the manifestation of an inflexible will.
In addition, the adventures of Pechorin rushes "with all the power of youth passion." The kiss of the stranger, which the author of the magazine estimates as a "fiery", causes just as hot response: "I darkened in my eyes, my head was spinning."
Completely in Christian Gregory Alexandrovich exhibits mercy, discovers the ability to forgive their enemies. "What happened to the old woman and with the b-e-dn-y-m blind - I don't know," he crushes about the fate of man, who was robbed him a few hours ago.
True, the reasoning of Pechorin on the blind boy in particular and about "all the blind, curves, deaf, silent, gloomy, nozzles, humpbacks" generally encourage the reader to remember the lines A.S. Pushkin on the unfortunate Germans from the "peak lady": "Having little true Faith, he had many prejudices. " Subsequently, it turns out that to prejudice against people with disabilities, it is necessary to add "an irresistible disgust" of Pechorin to marriage, based on the fact that once in childhood, a certain old woman predicted to him "death from an evil wife" ...
But is it fair to reproach Pechorin in the fact that he has "little true faith"? In Tamani, there is almost no reason for this. The only thing that is alarming in the behavior of Pechorin in this story, "he does not give will his good feelings - mercy, repentance; Trying to drown out the voice of the heart arguments of reason: "... what a matter to me to the joys and disasters of human, me, a wandering officer, and even with a kind of treason! .."
In the "Princess Mary" this feature of the hero's behavior is repeatedly enhanced. Gregory Alexandrovich not only laughs at the feelings in conversation with Mary, he just draws before him (or possible readers of the "magazine"?) The ability to manipulate people by controlling their own feelings.
Thanks to the "system", he gets the opportunity to meet alone with faith, seeks love Mary, suits so that the Pereshnitsky chooses him in his attorneys, as was planned. Why does the "system" work so badly? Not least, thanks to an extraordinary artistic data - the ability at the right moment to accept the "deep-touched species". (How not to remember Pushkinskoye: "As his eyes were fast and gentle, // shame and bold, and sometimes // brightened to the obedient tear! ..") And most importantly, such artistry is possible because the hero of the novel is fully neglecting their own feelings.
So Pechorin goes to the princess to say goodbye before leaving Kislovodsk in the fortress N. By the way, was it really necessary for this visit? Surely, it was possible, referring to the suddenness of the departure, send a note with apologies and wishes to "be happy and so on". However, Gregory Alexandrovich is not only for the princess with his own person, but also insists on a date with Mary alone. For what purpose? Tell a deceived girl, what plays her eyes "the most miserable and garde role"? And then she herself did not guessed it!
"As I searched for my chest at least a spark of love for a cute Mary, but my efforts were in vain," says Pechorin. Why then "the heart blew strongly"? And the irresistible desire to "fall to her legs" why? Lukavit Grigory Aleksandrovich! "Eyes wonderfully sparkled," this is a remark of a person in love, not a cold cynic, whose role he plays in this episode.
The feelings and behavior of the hero in the episode of the murder of Hushchnitsky are just as far away from each other. Yes, and his role in this story is not less "pathetic and ugly."
"Like all the boys, he has a claim to be an old man," Gregory Alexandrovich is ironic (recording from June 5th), which means Pechorin and older, and more experienced his friend. He is not difficult to make a toy from a young friend. However, the threat appears that the behavior of "toys" will be released from under control. To destroy!
Pechorin turns out of his rival a few minutes before the beginning of a duel: "... In the soul, he could wake up a spark of generosity, and then everything would have arranged for the better; But the pride and weakness of the nature of Dr.-Ls-zh-n-s
B-'L-and triumph ... "peaceful version of the development of events is undesirable! The expected, demanded option is the second ... "I wanted to give myself a full right not to spare it if fate pardon me." In other words, "I want to kill him if it works out" ... But at the same time, Pechorina has to risk his life ...
Grigory Aleksandrovich is a subtle psychologist, he knows perfectly well that Grushnitsky is not from those people that they cool the unarmed opponent in his forehead. And indeed, "he [Pereshnitsky] blushed; He was ashamed to kill a man unarmed ... I was sure that he would shoot the air! " I am confident to such an extent that, seeing a gun aimed at himself, comes into rage: "Funhalled rabies boiled in my chest." However, the expectations of Pechorin were completely justified: only the captain's shock: "Coward!" - Makes the Pereshnitsky to lower the trigger, and he shoots it into the ground, no longer aiming.
It turned out ... "Finita La Comedia ..."
Is the Pechistan's Pechistan? "I had a stone on my heart. The sun seemed to me dimly, the rays were not racing me, "this is his mental state after a duel. But no one forced you, Grigory Aleksandrovich, shoot in this stupid, miserable boy!
But this is not a fact. This is exactly what the feeling arises that in these episodes, and not only in them, Pechorin does not act in their will.
"But there is an immense pleasure in possession of a young, barely blossomed soul!" - reveals Pechistan in his "journal". You just think: how can a mortal man have an immortal soul? A person cannot ... But if you agree that "there is a deep spiritual connection between Pecherin and the demon between the way" (cedars, 1974), then everything becomes on its place. But it is difficult to agree, when so many coincidences were revealed: and the place of action (Caucasus), and the love plot ("demon" - the story "Bal"), and concrete episodes (the demon looks at the dancing Tamar - Pechorin and Maxim Maximych come to visit the Father Bail; The meeting of the demon and Tamara is the last date of Pechorin and Mary).
In addition, it is certainly not by chance that the Roman practically ends with reference to this instentive character: "Damn him to talk at night with drunk! .." exclaims Maxim Maximych, after hearing the story of Pechistan about the death of Volich.
So the Pechorin playing people - only the obedient toy in the hands of an evil spirit, besides, feeding it (evil spirit) with spiritual energy: "I feel this insatiable greed, absorbing everything that occurs on the way; I look at the suffering and joy of others only in relation to myself, as for food that supports my mental strength. "
Pechorin and himself feels that some power manages his actions: "How many times I played the role of an ax in the hands of fate!" An unenviable role that does not bring anything, except suffering. The trouble is that the Great Psychologist Pechorin with his own feelings and with his own soul can not understand. He has on one page of the "magazine" of reasoning about God's justice - and recognition, like: "The first is my pleasure - to subjugate my will, everything that surrounds me." A religious feeling has long been lost, the demon settled in the soul, and he continues to consider himself a Christian.
The murder of the Grushnitsky did not pass without a trace. What did Grigory Aleksandrovich thought about something, when after a duel "drove for a long time" alone, "throwing reins, lowering his head on the chest."
The second shock was the departure of faith for him. It is impossible not to take advantage of Valery Millon's comment on this event: "The circumstance is one secondary in the Roman Lermontov unexpectedly getting a deep meaning: the only genuine, the incredit love of Pecherin is called faith. He parted with her forever, and she writes him in a farewell letter: "No one can be so truly unhappy as you, because no one tries to assure themselves in the opposite."
What is it - "assure nasty"? Pechorin wants to assure himself that he has faith (consequently hope). His desperate chase for the beloved beloved - the amazing power of the metaphor ... "(Milldon, 2002)
Before the peopist, the path to salvation was opened - sincere repentance and prayer. That did not happen. "Thoughts came to normal order." And, leaving Kislovodsk, the hero leaves not only the corpse of his horse behind his back, but the very possibility of revival. Return point is passed. Onegin resurrected love - the "disease" of Pechorina was too launched.
The further life path of Pechorina is the path of destruction of the personality of the hero. In the "fatalist" he "jokingly" makes bet with the welfare, in fact, provoking suicide, and it does not confuse "imprint of the inevitable destiny" on the face of Lieutenant. Just Pechorin really need to know if there is a predestination. Unbearable to think that only then he came to the light to "play the role of an ax"! I could not not be interested in this question and the author of the novel, who knows that he is waiting for his grave "without prayers and without a cross." However, the question remained open.
The behavior of Pechorin in the story "Bal" cannot but cause a reader of bewilderment and compassion. What made Gregory Aleksandrovich decided to abduct the sixteen-year-old girl? Absence in the fortress pretty daughter of the ledge - Nastya? Or insane love, sweeping all the obstacles on your way?
"I, a fool, thought that she was an angel sent to me compassionate fate," his deed explains his hero. As if it was not herrified in the "magazine" above poets that women "called the angels so many times that they really were in the simplicity of spiritual, they believed this compliment, forgetting that the same poets for the money were Nero Hedgehog ..." Or Grigory Aleksandrovich thought, before that, K, T-o pushed him to the murder of the Pereshnitsky? And drowning, as you know, grabs and for the straw. However, the feelings of the hero were cooled faster than he expected it. And were they? And he really does not feel anything, looking at the dying bala!
And how before Grigory Alexandrovich loved his enemies! They worried his blood, stimulated the will. But what is not the enemy who killed Balla Cazbich?! However, Pechorin and finger did not move to punish the criminal. He is generally in "Bale" if and does anything, then exclusively in other people's hands.
Feelings are atrophied. The will weakened. Soul emptiness. And when Maxim Maksimach began to console his friend after the death of Balla, Pechorin "raised his head and laughed ..." From the experienced man "Frost ran his skin from this laughter ..." Is the devil himself laughed in the face of his headquarten himself?
"I have one tool: travel. ... maybe somewhere die on the road! " "It turns out a twenty-five-year-old hero, whoever recently considered that" worse than death will not happen. "
During the last meeting with the Pechorin (the story "Maxim Maximach"), we see the "neglected" (\u003d haired) man who lost interest in his own past (the fate of his "magazine" is indifferent to him, although Once Grigory Alexandrovich thought: "Everything, What I will bother to him, will be with time for me with precious memories "), who does not expect anything from the future, not only with people, but also from the homeland.
In conclusion, it should be noted that in the "Book of the Prophet Isaiah" directly before the quoted pectorist line contains a warning that encourages reflection: "And the Lord said: since this people approach me with their mouths, and his tongue honors me, his heart will be far away From me, and the reverence of their prettier is the study of human commandments, then here, I will still be unusually done with this people, wonderful and wildly, so that the wisdom of the wise men will die, and the mind will not become reasonable. "
Notes

1. Cedars Constantine. PhD Thesis "The Epic Forement of the Russian Realistic Roman of the 1st Half XIX century." (1974)
The tragic epic of Lermontov "Hero of Our Time"
http://metapoetry.narod.ru/liter/lit18.htm.
2. Mildon Valery. Lermontov and Kirkegore: Pechorin Phenomenon. About one Russian-Danish parallel. October. 2002. №4. p.185
3. Dictionary of foreign words. M. 1987.

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov - a brilliant poet, a lyrics and a true romantic. Creativity M.Yu. Lermontov is still relevant, it attracts a deep meaning in each word, phrase. His creativity was studied by many linguistic scientists, but some mysteriousness remains in it.

In his first lyrical works, he is truly a Russian poet, in his works we see the disadvantageous strength of the Spirit, but he surprised strange without carelessness in them. He ruthlessly condemns the youth of his time. Poetry is his torment, but his strength. Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov belongs to the poem "Duma", "and boring and sad", "Farewell, unwashed Russia ...", "death of the poet" and many others, as well as the famous true Russian, who retains popularity among Russian and foreign readers. V.G. Belinsky wrote: "In this novel ... there is something unsolved" and he was right, because he remains.

Roman has an unusual way of travel notes, which sets us on a brief description of the journey, as we learn later, the wandering officer, but we later come back at the notes of another person. In addition, the chronology of the events of the novel is broken: first we see everything that the young man meets on the way, we see his acquaintance with Maxim Maksimimovich, get acquainted with the stack captain story, then travel notes of the character of the storyteller are replaced by the Journal of the Guards officer Grigory Pechorin, which violates the composition of the novel.

All the novel contains the inconsideration and defaults, and the character of the main character is very complex and "multi-storey", he is also full of riddles that each reader has its own special opinion about him.
So what actually Pechorin? When the novel was published, he caused many responses and completely opposing estimates. Someone believed that the novel moral, someone - that the novel does not contain a deep meaning, someone was delighted with the novel, and someone severely criticized him.

Everyone understands it in different ways, all the image of the hero is going from his actions that can be condemned, and can be understood. Pechorin said: "Some worship me worse, others are better than I really ... Some will say: he was kind small, others - a bastard! Both will be false. " It seems that the hero himself does not know who he is and what is his goal in life, but one clearly immediately - the main character belongs to the young people of the time that disappointed in life.

He has both good and bad qualities, because a person should not become the subject of unambiguous and straightforward assessment, his soul is multifaceted, which showed us M.Yu. Lermontov. Pechistan's personality is really very controversial that we see in his actions, in the manner of communication with people.

Gregory Aleksandrovich is a very smart and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but he wants to teach others to aware in his, as, for example, he all tried to push the Hushnitsky to recognize his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute in peaceful way. But then the other side of Pechorina is also manifested, he, after some attempts to discharge the situation on a duel and urge the Grushnitsky to conscience himself suggests shooting at a dangerous place to kill any of them. At the same time, the hero is trying to draw everything in a joke, despite the fact that there is a threat of both the life of young pearshnitsky and his own life.

After the murder of Grushnitsky we see , As far as the mood of Pechorina changed: if he notices on the way to a duel, as far as the day is beautiful, then after the tragic event, he sees in black colors, his soul is a stone. I'm sorry to Pechorin, because, despite my bad actions, she takes his mistakes, in his magazine he is very frank, frank before himself. Pechorin understands that he sometimes plays the role of an ax in the hands of fate, because he himself interferes with the peaceful life of people and turns her down on his head.

No wonder in the work of the chapter are not in chronological order, M.Yu. Lermontov shows us the person and soul of Pechorin from different sides, with each chapter we are increasingly immersed in the novel, we find in Pechorin what the novel actors did not notice. The author as it would make us judges gives us the most important information about him so that we can make your own decision.

Many notice the similarity of Evgenia Onegin A.S. Pushkin and Grigory Pechorin M.Yu. Lermontov, because they lived at about the same time, they are both of the noble family, do not take a lot of secular life, negatively and negatively belong to hypocrisy in a secular society. They both suffer from Handrea, like many young people, only there is a significant difference between them from the rest - Onegin and Pechorin is not a victim of "fashion" on. They are alone among the motley secular crowd, try to find themselves in art, go travel. Pechorin and Onegin thought completely differently than their contemporaries thought.

Heroes are also a slopes to the irony, which played a sore joke with them. Despite many similarities there are differences. Throughout the novel, the "Hero of Our Time" we see that Pechorin strives to find themselves, he wants to subjugate the circumstances, awaken the thirst for life, love, fear. Onegin does not seek to all this, he is inherent indifference to the world, people. We see that the heroes are quite similar, but there are differences. Pechorin and Onegin - every hero of its time, but in the Roman A.S. Pushkin Onegin is presented from the social side, and Pechorin - with the philosophical.

Let us turn to the events that have happened to the Pechist after his meeting with the Pereshnitsky on the waters. The main character met his former love - faith there, made friends with the Grushnitsky, Princess of Ligovsky and Prince Mary. Pechorin knew that the Grushnitsky was in love with Mary, and therefore he tried to wake jealousy in him, he played on the guy's feelings with all possible ways, manipulates the feelings of Mary, consciously gives her hope for reciprocity from him, but at the same time she knows what shamelessly and Egoistically.

In this chapter, he is due to his character, he turns to society as a destructive force. Pechorin says: "I love enemies, although not in Christian. They amuse me, Blood Blood. " As a result of his "Game", he did not entertain, but only ruined the life of the pear, Mary and faith. He understood it only when Grushnitsky called him a duel. Pechistan tried to correct the situation, but moreover, he did not retreat from his principles: "I decided to provide all the benefits to the pear; I wanted to experience it; In his soul, he could wake up the spark of generosity, and then everything would have tripled for the better. "

But nothing came out. Innocently, according to Pechorin, the game turned against him. He lost his friend, love and broke his heart into any unhappy girl who fell in love with the young Junker of the Pereshnitsky. I agree with B.T. Udodov, who wrote: "The peas and wine of Pechorin is that his independent self-knowledge, his free will is moving into direct individualism."

Roman M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time" will always attract the attention of readers, it will always be studied, because in the novel there are so many defaults, secrets. The main character of Roman Grigory Pechorin is the most controversial and complex hero, he causes enough ambiguous assessments of critics and literary critics. Pechorin is often considered as one of those whose future is described in the poem M.Yu. Lermontov "Duma". But Pechorin is really similar to the contemporaries of Lermontov: "... and we hate, and we love we by chance, without sacrificing neither malice, nor love ...".

At that time, the brighter was the individuality of a person, the deeper the suffering of the contradiction between the life of secular society and the environment. Pechorin was a real hero of that time, he stood out of the "water" society, he was himself, although he severely condemned himself in everything. It seems that Pechorin is two different people: one - "He who lives, acts, makes mistakes, and the second one who brutally condemns the first » .

At the same time, his self-esteem often does not coincide with the fact that others think about him on the basis of his actions. Roman teaches us on the example of Pechorin, shows how to do, and how it is not worth it. We see that you need to learn to analyze your actions as a hero of the novel, but you need to learn from your mistakes, try to repeat them. Pechorin also teaches us prudence in his actions, but he likes to ironize situations that is not always appropriate.

Pechorin is very attractive attention hero, he himself learns, mistakes, thinks he is honest, lives and comes as he thinks necessary, and this confirms that Pechorin is really a hero of his time.

In the novel "Hero of our time" M. Yu Lermontov shows the Russian society of the thirties of the nineteenth century. The author wanted to show the most characteristic type of its time. The best people of the thirties were forced to clicter in their inner world, exposing their minds and sensations thoroughly analyzing. The political response of the thirties suspended the history of the development of not only the formed class, but also the "whole people". Meanwhile, the movement of life continued, but as if in the souls of progressive people - in their search,

Self-analysis, merciless criticism of the vulnerable reality.

In an effort to comprehend the social laws of the era, Lermontov focused not on the events, but on the inner experiences of the hero.

The main hero of Roman M. Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time" is Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin. Pechorin - nobleman. It rotates in the highest aristocratic circles of Moscow and St. Petersburg, rich and independent.

Let us turn to the portrait that, according to the execution and saturation of psychological details, does not have I

equal in the Russian literature of the XIX century. Portrait details

grouped

So that already on them can be judged on the uncomplication and controversy of Pechorin's nature. His gait "Careless and lazy", but "He did not swing his hands" (a sign of hidden nature); At first glance, the hero can give no more than twenty-three years, later - all thirty. Despite the bright color of his hair, his mustache and eyebrows were black, - a sign of breed in man, as a black mane and a black tail

at the White Horse. " Special attention draws by the author

Pechorina: "... They didn't laugh when he laughed ... This is a sign or evil in the same way, or deeply permanent sadness."

Pechorin smart, educated, received brilliant education in St. Petersburg. Its figurative, acknowledgment is a kind of weapon, which he punishes self-satisfied vocals. From the Pecherina's diary, it can be seen that he is thinking about the issues of being, the peculiarities of human consciousness, psyche, analyzes its drawbacks. Pechorin stretches to nature, seeing in it a bright element capable of reminding the power and beauty of the human spirit. The hero despises vulgarity in humans, the lack of self-esteem, the worship of the Mishury Life, mercenary benefits of service. This is his attitude towards the Pepper, the Dragun captain and other representatives of the "Water Society", outlined in the novel with exceptional accuracy and satirical sharpness. Hero himself does not seek career, although not official and not very rich.

Pechorin is well versed in humans. He immediately sees those "empty" and stupid people who live with one goal - to be rich: have a lot of money, getting high posts, add your children to "paradise", where they do nothing, but they get a lot, in life The hero came acrwept very few good people, those who would serve the cause, would be very good and loyal friends. The best friend of Pechorina was faith, the woman so hot and passionately loves our hero - faith was Pechorin the closest man, the best friend and the advice. Although the paths of Pechorin and Faith diverge, the hero believes in the future meeting, dreams of her. After the departure of Faith, Pechorin rushes into pursuit and, without giving, crying as a child, he understands that he lost the most expensive in his life - love and friendship. The hero loves faith, but at the same time cannot marry her. He did not find his place in life, and live without a goal for the hero - it means not to live at all.

Pechorin - a victim of his hard time. But does Lermontov justify his actions, his mood? In a sleepless night, on the eve of a duel with a Hushnitsky, the hero of the novel seems to bring the results of the lived life. Pechorin feels in itself "the forces are immense" and understands that the appointment was high: "I run in my memory all my past and ask myself unwittingly: why did I live? For what purpose did I born? .. And rightfully, she existed, and rightly, it was a high appointment, because I feel in my soul of my power immense ... But I did not gues this destination, I was fond of bait of passions of empty and unfavorable passions; From the burning of them, I came out firm and cold, like iron, but lost forever of noble aspirations - the best color of life. "

The peculiar character is complicated and contradictory. The hero of the novel speaks of himself: "In me, two people: one lives in the full sense of the word, another thinks and judges him ...". What are the causes of this splitness? "My colorless youth flowed in the struggle and light; The best my feelings were afraid of mockery, I buried them in the depths of the heart: they died there. I told the truth - I did not believe me: I began to deceive; Having learned the light and springs of society, I became skillful in the science of life ... "- the Pechorin is recognized. He learned to be secretive, became a moral, iron, envious, ambitious, was made, according to him, moral crippled.

Pechorin - Egoist. But another Pushkin Onegin Belinsky called the suffering egoist and the egoist to unwittingly. The same can be said about Pechorin. About Onegin Belinsky wrote: "... the forces of this rich nature remained without an application, life without meaning, and a novel without end ...". About Pechorin: "... The difference in the roads, and the result is one."

Dear price, in difficult conditions, Pechorin miners an important conclusion for the Russian public that the struggle for happiness, human dignity, freedom is not only possible, but also necessary. To the endless spaces of the sea, the last hopes of Pechorin are directed to the noise of the waves. Comparing himself with a sailor, born and grew up on the deck of a robbery brig, he says that he misses and languishes along the shore. It walks through the coastal sand around the coastal sand, listens to the rake of the incoming waves and is peering into the distance, covered with fog. What does he expect? What are his eyes looking for? "... Will not flashed there, on a pale drawing, separating the blue puchin from the gray Tuchkin, the desired sail, first like the wing of the marine seagull, but little, alone, distinguished from the foam of boulders and smooth running approaching the desert pier ...". Neither for Lermontov, nor for the hero of his novel, this dream came true: did not hear them into another life, to other shores the saving sail ...

The mind of Pechorin is combined with the power of will. The hero is extremely cold-blooded in conflict situations, exhibits greater perseverance in achieving the goal, for example, in the history of relationships with Mary. However, with all its outstanding abilities, Pecherin, like Onegin, did not do anything significant in life. People he brings some trouble, often playing the "role of the ax" of unfavorable destiny. Pechorin is the type of "excess person" of the thirties of the XIX century. What was the typicity of Pecherin, which hero appears in the novel? With all his deposits, he exhausted himself and his time. He did not enter the front line of combating social vices, could not be released alone from under the gigantic suffocating vice of his environment. But the socio-political significance of the gusts and the suffering of Pechorin does not diminish with this. At the time of the general princess and celebration of the proud mediocrity, Pechorina's insurgence, his skepticism was not allowed to fade with dreams about another life performed by high content.

Pechorin - "extra person" in the sense that he was ahead of his noble environment and broke away from her without having no support in it. He is the hero of his time without any quotes, because he is looking for a way out of stagnation, which turned out to be Russian society during the reaction period.

Pechorin calls himself and his generation "a pitiful descendants who wandered on earth without beliefs and pride, without pleasure and fear ... who are not more than great victims for the good of humanity, nor even for our own happiness ...".

Before Lermontov, a specific task was rising, as he himself explained in the preface to the novel: to draw "a portrait made from the vices of all our generation." Express "caustic truths" to modern society. That is why the image of Pechorin dominates the novel. Through his throwing, mistakes, disappointment disclose bitter experience, the search for the best representatives of the noble intelligentsia of the 30-40s. Lermontov clearly points to the main reason, made Pechorin and other thinking people of his time unhappy. He saw her in "insignificant disputes for the block of the Earth or for any fictional rights," in disputes that have separated people to the Lords and slaves.

Belinsky speaks of challenging, egoism, cold calculation in the nature of Pechorin. Belinsky does not justify these features, but explains their emergence of social conditions: "This person is not indifferent, does not apatically carry his suffering: he is mad for life, looking for her everywhere, Gorko accuse himself in his delusions. Internal questions are inexorable in it ... and he is looking for their permission in reflection ... " That is why Belinsky believed that spiritual and moral quest and gusts of Pechorin reflect the "riddle of a representative of his time" - an important and "necessary moment in the development of humanity or society."

We will learn about Pechistin from his diary, from the stories of other actors, it causes a dual feeling for him. We cannot but condemn the Pechorin for his attitude to Bale, Mary, to faith, to good Maxim Maxim. But we can not sympathize with him when he barely rizes the aristocratic "Water Society", breaks the peeks of the Grushnitsky and his buddies. We can't not see Pechorin on the head above the people around him, that he is smart, educated, talented, brave, energetic. We are repelled indifference to Pechorin to people, his inability to real love, to friendship, his individualism and egoism. But Pechorin carries us thirst for life, the desire for the better, the ability to critically evaluate their actions. He is deeply incomplicted to us "the sickness of action", an empty waste of his forces, those actions with which he brings suffering to other people, but we see that he himself deeply suffers. As a social, the type of Pechorin has moved into the past, in a psychological plan, this nature remained the inception of the XIX century. But there is something in the Lermontov Hero, which will still attract our attention for a long time. High culture of intelligence, energy, the depth of the soul and a variety of sensations is now perceived in Pechorin as a sign of the inexhaustibility of human nature.

Those and the roads are Roman Lermontov, that he is directed against the dark forces of evil - augment, enmity, malice, hatred, - all that urgent, cripples and overshadows life on earth.

1. Writing "Experience and Error".
   As the ancient Roman philosopher Cicero said: "It's a mistake to make a mistake." Indeed, it is impossible to live life without making a single mistake. Errors can ruin a person life, even break his soul, but they can give a rich life experience. And let us be mistakenly mistaken, because everyone learns on their mistakes and sometimes even mistakes of other people.

   Many literary characters make mistakes, but not everyone is trying to fix them. In play by A.P. Chekhov "Cherry Garden" Error commits Ranenevskaya, as she refused proposals to save the estates that she offered a whip. But still it is possible to understand Ranevskaya, because agreeing, she could lose the heritage of the family. I think the main mistake in this work is the destruction of the cherry garden, which is the memory of the life of the past generation and the consequence of this is a breaking of relationships. After reading this play, I began to understand that you need to keep the memory of the past, but this is only my opinion, everyone thinks in his own way, but I hope that many will agree with the fact that we must protect everything that our ancestors left us.
   I believe that every person must pay for his mistakes and try to correct them at any cost. In the novel F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" character errors cost two innocent lives. The erroneous plan of Raskolnikova took the life of Lisa and not born child, but this act radically influenced the life of the chief hero. Sometimes someone can say that he is a murderer and should not be forgiven, but reading his condition after the murder, I began to look at him with a different look. But he paid for his mistakes from himself and only because of Sona he could cope with his mental torments.
   Speaking of experience and mistakes, I come the words of the Soviet Philologist D.S. Likhacheva, who said: "Admiring the skill of the skaters to correct mistakes during the dance. It is an art, huge art, "but in the life of the mistakes much more and everyone needs to be able to correct them, immediately and beautiful, because nothing teaches that as aware of your mistakes.

   Reflecting on the fate of different heroes, we understand that it is the perfect mistakes and their corrections, eternal work on themselves. This is a search for the truth and the desire for spiritual harmony leads us to the acquisition of this experience and to gain happiness. Folk wisdom reads: "Only one who does nothing" is not mistaken.
   Toucan Kostya 11 b
   

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   Why do you need to analyze the mistakes of the past?
   Let the Introduction to my thoughts be the words of Haruki Murakov that "mistakes are like punctuation signs, without which in life, as in the text, there will be no sense." I saw this statement for a long time. Many times reread. And only now thought. About what? About my attitude to committed errors. Before, I sought to never be mistaken, and I was very ashamed sometimes when I still gotten. And now - through the prism of time, - I loved every opportunity to make a mistake, because then I can fix it, which means I will receive a invaluable experience that will help me in the future.
   Experience is the best teacher! "True, it is expensive, but explains intelligibly." It's funny to remember how a year ago I am a child! - Just praying heaven that I was doing well: less suffering, fewer mistakes. Now I (although I remained a child), I do not understand: whom and why I asked? And the worst thing is that my requests come true! And here is the first answer, why you need to analyze the mistakes of the past and think: everything will be shattered.
   

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2. Turn to the literature. As you know, in the works of classics there are answers to questions, exciting people at all times: what is real love, friendship, compassion ... But the classics are also the seats. On the literature once they said that the text is only the "Ausberg Top". And these words somehow responded strange in the soul after a while. I reread many works - under a different angle! - And instead of the former swearing misunderstandings, new pictures were opened in front of me: there are philosophy, and irony, and answers to questions, and reasoning about people, and warning ...
   One of my favorite writers became Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. For that, I love it that the works of tiny volumes, but the capacious content, besides any vital case. I like the fact that the teacher in the literature lessons is present in us, students, the ability to read "between the lines". And Chekhov, without this, the skills, well, no way read! For example, the play "Seagull", my favorite Piez Chekhov. I read and re-read the trouble, and every time I came to me and come new insights. Piece "Seagull" is very sad. There is no usual happy end. And somehow suddenly - comedy. For me, the puzzle is still a mystery, why the author determined the genre of the play just like this. Some strange bitter aftertaste left me reading "Seagulls". Many heroes sorry. When I read, I was so I wanted to shout some of them: "Pee down! What are you doing?!" Or maybe therefore comedy, what mistakes of some characters are too obvious ??? Take at least Masha. She suffered from undivided love for Treplev. Well, why did she get married for an unloved person and suffer doubly? But she will carry this load until the end of life! "To drag your life with a wolf like an infinite loop." And immediately the question arises "And how would I ...?" How would I do on the site of Masha? It can also be understood. She tried to forget his love, tried to leave his head to the farm, devote himself a child ... But it does not mean to escape from the problem. Unfallen love needs to be realized, survive, reassee. And all this alone with me ...
   

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3. Who is not mistaken, he does nothing. "Not wrong ... This is the ideal to which I sought! Well, I got my ideal! And what's next? Death in life, that's what I got! Greenhouse plant, here Who I almost did not become! And then I discovered the work of Chekhov "Man in the case." Belikov, the main character, all the time he created his "case" for a comfortable life. And in the end he missed this very life! " Kaba did not happen! "," Belikov said. And I wanted to answer him: Your life did not come out, that's what!
   Existence is not life. And I left nothing after myself Belikov, and no one will remember it through the century. And many now such Belikov? Yes, Pond Prudi!
   Story and cheerful and sad at the same time. And very relevant in our XXI century. Funny, because Chekhov uses Ironia when describing the portrait of Belikov ("Always, in any weather, I wore a hat, a boat, helos and dark glasses .."), which makes him comic and causes laughter from me like the reader. But sad becomes when I think about my life. What have I done? What have I seen? Yes, even account nothing! Exculsions of the story "Man in a case" I find out in myself now ... It makes me think about what I want to leave after myself? What is the ultimate goal of my life? What is this life in general? After all, to be dead in life, become one of these Belikov, people in a case ... I don't want!

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4. Along with Chekhov, I fell in love with I.A. Bunin. In it, I like the fact that in his stories Love is a multi-faceted. It is a love selling, and love-flash, and love-game, as well as the author talks about children growing without love (the story "Beauty"). The end of Buninsky stories is not similar to the brought "and they lived for a long time and happily." The author shows various faces of love, building their stories on the principle of antithesis. Love can burn, hurt, and scars will whine for a long time ... But at the same time, love is painted, forces to act, morally develop.
   So, Bunin stories. All different, unlike each other. And all the heroes are also different. Who I especially like from Buninsky heroes is Olya Meshcherskaya from the story of "Light Breathing".
   She really burst into life, tested a bouquet of feelings: both joy, sadness, and oblivion, and grief ... in it there were all the brightest beginnings in her, and in her blood, a wide variety of feelings boiled ... And here they broke out ! How many love for the world, how much children's purity and naivety, how much beauty carried this Olya! Bunin opened my eyes. He showed what a girl really should be. No theatricalness in the movements, words ... no mannerity and welcoming. Everything is simple, everything is natural. Indeed, light breathing ... depending on myself, I understand that often I can cry with a soul and I wear the mask "perfect ourselves." But the perfectly, they are not there! In naturalness, beauty. And the story "Light breath" confirms these words.
   

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5. I could (and I would like to!) To reflect on many works of Russian and foreign, as well as modern classics ... You can talk about it forever, but ... the possibilities do not allow. I just say that I am infinite, because the teacher has grown in us, students, the ability to selectively approach the choice of literature, tremendous to the word and loving books. And the books laid an age-old experience, which will help the young reader to grow a man with a capital letter, who knows the history of his people, do not become an ignorant, and most importantly, to be a thoughtful person who knows how to foresee the consequences. After all, "if you committed a mistake and did not realize it, it means you made two mistakes." They, of course, punctuation signs, without which it is impossible to do, but if there are too many, in life, as in the text, there will also be no sense!
   

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   What a pity that above 5 is not an assessment ... I read and think: my work responded in children ... many, many children ... You have grown. highly. Yesterday I wanted to tell you by contacting the last name (it was by the names, because you are never nervous, and it's so fucking it! Why do you have a beautiful surname: all the intelligence and vowels, which means harmful!): "Smolina, you are not Only beautiful, you are also smart. Smolina, you are not only smart, you are also beautiful. " In the work I saw a thinking, deeply thinking!

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