Nekrasov "Who lives well in Russia. Images of folk intercessors in the poem N.A.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a Russian poet, the main theme of whose creativity will be the topic of the people. Already in "Elegy" N.A. Nekrasov will say: "I dedicated to the Liru to the people." However, the poet otherwise comes to the subject of the people, he expresses the ideals of democracy in his work. Yes, Nekrasov sympathizes the oppressed people, but not idealizes him, but even accuses to humble. The poet is trying to find a folk path to happiness. This becomes the main problem in the poem "Who lives well in Russia", where the hero is all the numerous "Men's Kingdom", which has not previously known Russian literature.
However, in the poem, the folk theme is developing and towers to the topic of searching for a "folk intercessor". It is heroes that are able to lead others, we need to find happiness for everyone. Such characters N.A. Nekrasov painted in the images of Nazhogi, Yermila Girin, Savelia Korchagin and, of course, Grisha Dobrosaklon.
Jamim Nagya is a people's beloved, he is a beggar, like all the peasants, but there is a recalcity, unwillingness to put up with injustice. This hero is able to defend their rights.
Another image is Ermila Girin. He is loved by the people who speaks about him like this:
... he advises
And help will help;
Where enough power - will help
Not asks thanks,
And you will not take it!
Yermila Girin is not indestructible: fraudulently frees his younger brother from service in the army, from soldier, but the people forgive him, because he sees true repentance. The hero has an exacerbated sense of conscience, he cannot find peace and judges himself very strictly: leaves the burmusers, hires a mill, seeks to make the position of the peasants more slightly. But, despite the compassion, mercy to the people, he is not ready for a revolutionary performance, hero is enough that he is not to blame for anyone.
ON THE. Nekrasov in the poem "Who lives well in Russia" shows us another type of the Russian man, "folk upright". This is the image of Savelia - "Svyatarus" hero. " He is already acting. Despite the fact that he was sent to the cautious, he did not accept with his fate: "Heartless, yes not a slave." This hero is a conductor and a carrier of such best features of the nature of the Russian people, like justice, a sense of self-esteem, love for the homeland and the people, hatred for their oppressors. Savely is a person who can, if necessary, rally his comrades, captivate their idea. Such as he will definitely take part, if necessary, in peasant riots and unrest.
All my life is ready to devote to the struggle, the people of a person who knows his needs. This Grisha Dobrons is the most conscious "folk upright." It is for such such as Dobrons, according to N.A. Nekrasov, the future of Russia. No wonder the hero "Fate prepared" the path of nice, the name is a loud of folk upright, Cahotku and Siberia. " Life goals and ideals of this hero poet expressed in the songs that Grisha sings. They are truly revolutionary, they already sound the idea of \u200b\u200bthe release of the people from slavery. The image of Grisha Dobrosaklon is an example of the fact that only one who chooses the expensive and truth for himself can truly be happy.
Thus, in the poem "Who in Russia live well" N.A. Nekrasov shows that the answer to the question of how to gain happiness can give people who have the strength to lead the masses. Yakim Nagya, Yermila Girin, Savely - characters who see injustice towards the peasant, the whole peasant pain, but are not ready to go against the fate, while Grisha Dobrozlov-new type of Russian man, in my opinion, the embodiment of the author's ideal. Such a hero is able to "sow intelligent, kind, eternal". He is a real "folk intercessor"!
- The plot of the poems.
- Theme of folk intercession.
- Heroes - "Intercessors."
- Grisha Dobrons as a "conscious intercession."
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov entered Russian poetry as "folk sorrible". The folk theme has become one of the central in his work. But the poet was never a simple living person, his as an artist, first of all, worried the drama of the people. The topic of the "folk intercessor" sounds in the poem "Who lives well in Russia."
In the poem "Who is in Russia to live well" by the People's "Intercession" the author himself appeared, which not only the fact of the creation of this work expressed attitude towards the people, but was able to understand his soul, truly reveal his character. What is the real happiness of a person in Russia? What needs to be done for happiness all? He asked himself. The poet believed that to resolve these issues, people are needed to engage in the fight and lead others. The theme of the people's intercession is widely represented in the poem. The intercessor is one of the keywords in the production. The folk intercessor is the one who does not just regret, sympathizes Crescents, but serves the people, expresses his interests, actions and actions under-taking it. Such characters are shown in the images of Yakim Nazhogo, Ermilah Giri-on, Savelia Korchagin, Grisha Dobroblon.
In Yakim, Nag is represented a peculiar nature of the peoples. He lives a bench life, like all the peasantry, but is distinguished by a recalcitable temper. Skim is ready to stand up for his rights. This is how he says about the people:
Each peasant soul is that the cloud is black, angry, gross - and it would be necessary to thunder from the thunder, bloody pouring rains.
Yermila Girin - a man whom the people himself chose a burmist, recognizing his justice. Another writer Yermila won the authority among the people for:
... they will advise
And help will help;
Where enough power - will help
Not asks thanks,
And you will not take it!
But Ermila was guilty: I buried the younger brother from recombine, but the people forgave him for his sincere repentance. Only the conscience of Ermila did not calm down: he left the burmusers, hired a mill. And again the people loved him for a good appeal, for an even attitude towards the landowner and the poor, for kindness. "Seden Popik" so characterizes Yermil:
He had everything that is needed for happiness and tranquility, and money, and honor, an enviable, true, not bought by money, or fear: strict true. Mind and kindness.
From the statement of ass, it is clear that Girin has achieved the Honor "True Strict", "Mind and kindness". He is worried about the attitude towards him of the people, but Ermila himself judges himself even more strictly. He seeks to ease the position of the peasants, help them materially, although he is not ready for a revolutionary performance. Girin was not satisfied with the fact that his conscience is chista, that he though he facilitates the lives of others.
Savely-Bogatyr represents another type of Russian man. He is the incarnation of power, courage. Despite Roga and Katorga, he did not accept his fate. "Claim, yes not a slave," he says about himself. Savely embodies the best features of Russian character: love for homeland and people, hatred for oppressors, self-esteem. His favorite word - "Naddy" - helps to see in it a man who knows how to pick up his comrades, rally, passibly. Savely, from those who were good for "victuchin". Together with the men, he executes the hated manager, German Fogel. Such as Savely, will not stand aside at the time of peasant unrest.
The most conscious of the "folk intercessors" is Grisha Dobrons. He dedicates all his life to the fight, lives among the people, knows his needs. The future of Russia, believes the poet, for such as Grisha Dobrons, which "fate prepared the path of nice, the name is a loud of folk upright, Cahotku and Siberia." In the songs of Grisha Dobroslonov, his thoughts on life ideals are reflected, his hopes for a bright future:
The proportion of the people, happiness, light and freedom first of all.
The image of Grisha Dobrosoblon helps to understand what is truly happy, on whose side is true to whom the people hoped, who choose an honest road, being a "folk intercession." The poem shows the hardest childhood of Grisha, told about his father and mother.
Reflections Gregory about the fate of the people testify to the living compassion that makes Grisch choose such a difficult path for himself. The image of Grisha is closely associated with the revolutionary-democratic ideas that began to appear in society in the middle of the XIX century. Nekrasov created his hero, focusing on the fate of N. A. Dobrolyubov. Gregory Dobrosaklon is the type of the revolutionary distribution. He was born in the family of poor Dycachka, since childhood he felt all the disasters characteristic of the life of a simple people. Gregory was educated and, being a smart and passionate man, could not remain indifferent to the situation in the country. Gregory perfectly understands that for Russia now there is only one way out - radical changes in the social system. The simple people can no longer be the same in the slave community, which submracts all the rests of their Lord.
The image of Gregory Dobroslonova in the poem of Nekrasov "Who in Russia live is good", hesitates the hope of the moral and political revival of Russia, to change the consciousness of a simple Russian people.
"The Happiest was also" ... such ironic words introduced into the poem of Nekrasov, the image of Santa Savelia. He lived a long, difficult life and now lives his age in the family of Matrena Timofeevna. The image of Savlia, the hero of Svyatrusky in the poem "Who in Russia live well" Nekrasov is very important, because he embodies the idea of \u200b\u200bRussian hero. The theme of the force, endurance and long-suffering of the people in the poem from the head to the chapter is growing (remember the story of Salik at the fair, which is a prerequisite for the history of Savelia) and in the end is allowed in the image of the hero of Savelia.
Savely - a leaving of the deaf forest edges, where even "Damn three years I was looking for the road." Already the name of this edge breathes in power: Korega, from "Core", i.e. bend, break. Bear can open up anything, and the Savely himself "looked like a bear." It is compared with other beasts, for example, with the solar, and it is emphasized that he is much more dangerous to the predator when he walks through the forest "with a busty and rhotina". This force stems from the deep knowledge of his edge, complete unity with nature. Saveni's love is visible to his land, his words "My Forest!
"There are much more convincingly than the same statement from the mouth of the Obolt-Owdores landowner.
But in any, even the most impassable edge, the Barski hand will take. The free life of Sovelius ends with the arrival of the German-manager's corney. At first, he seemed harmless and did not even demand the relying tribute, but set the condition: to work out the money with chuck forest. Simple peasants built the road from the forest and then they understood how they were very deceived: on this road they came to the cake of the Lord, the German brought his wife with children, and began to pull out all the juices from the village.
"And here came Kathers
Korezhsky peasant -
Until the thread ruined! "
For a long time, the peasants suffer mockery of the German - he hits them and makes it work without a measure. Much can suffer a Russian man, because he and heroitage, "said Sovenelius so.
So he says Matreya, to which a woman with irony answers: this hero and mice can be eaten. In this episode of Nekrasov, it is an important problem of the Russian people: its unrequency, unpretentiousness to decisive actions. No wonder the characteristic of Sovelius coincides with the way the most immobile from the epic warders - the Siberiana, who in the end of his life I am in the ground.
"Lader - the abyss, pull out - the abyss." So think the boys of Savelius, and this simple, but wise folk philosophy leads him to Bunta. Under the words invented by him "Naddy!" Haterable German-manager bury in the ground. And although for this act, Savely falls on the cautious, the beginning of release has already been laid. The rest of the life of the grandfather will be proud that he, at least "branded, yes not a slave!
But how is his life goes on? For more than twenty years he spent at the Katorga, another twenty took the settlements. But there, Saveli did not give up, he worked, he was able to collect money, and, returning to his homeland, built himself and his home. And yet his life is not given to end calmly: while grandfather had money, he enjoyed homemade love, and when they ended - met with dislike and ridicule. The only boil for him, as for Matrain, becomes Dymechka. He sits on the shoulder at the old man "like an apple in the top of an old apple tree." But terrible happens: according to him, Savelia, the fault of the grandson and dies. And it is this event that broke the man who passed through the plenty and brand. The remainder of the life of the grandfather will hold in the monastery and wandering, praying for his vacation of sins. That is why Nekrasov and calls him Svyatarvsky, showing another trace inherent in the whole people: deep, sincere religiosity. "One hundred and seven years" Santa Saveli lived, but the long-life did not bring him happiness, and the force, as he himself, he remembers with bitterness, "he left the little things."
In the poem "Who in Russia live well" the Savely embodies this particular, deeply concealing the strength of the Russian man and his huge, although so far not realized potential. It is worthwwishing the people, to convince him for a while to refuse to humility, and then he himself will win happiness, which is what Nekrasov says with the help of the image of the hero of Savelia.
Test on the work
Veretnikov Pavlusha "The gathering of Folklore, who met men - seekers of happiness - at a rural fair in the village of Kuzminsky. This character is given a very scarce exterior characteristic ("He was a ballad, and he wore a red shirt, / tripped cloudy, / lubricant boots ..."), a little known about his origin ("What kind of title, / didn't know the men, / However, called "Barin"). Due to such uncertainty, the image of V. acquires a generalizing nature. Live interest in the fate of the peasants allocates V. from the environment of indifferent observers for the life of the people (figures of various statistical committees), eloquently exposed in the monologue of Nazhogi. The first appearance of V. in the text is accompanied by a disinterested act: he cuts out the peasant with a car, buying shoes for his granddaughter. In addition, he is ready to listen to someone else's opinion. So, although he hurts the Russian people for drunkenness, but convinced of the inevitability of this evil: Having heard Yakima, and he himself suggests him ("Yakimu Veretennikov / two scaling raised"). Seeing genuine attention from a reasonable Barin, and "the peasants open / the mily in the shower." Among the alleged prototypes of V. Folklorists and ethnographers Pavel Yakushkin and Pavel Rybnikov, the Democratic Movement of the 1860s. The character is obliged to be a journalist P. F. Veretnikov, a few years in a row attending the Nizhny Novgorod Fair and published reports about it in Moscow Vedomosti.
Vlas - Old Town Village Large Vakhlaki. "Service with strict Barina, / carried a burden on the conscience / involuntary participant / his cruelty." After the abolition of serfdom V., he refuses the position of the pseudo-burmarist, but assumes the actual responsibility for the fate of the community: "Vlas was the soul of kind, / hurt for the whole Vakhlachin" - / not for one family. "When the follow-up hauding with death Free life "Without a barbecue ... Without grant ... Without a stick ..." Replaced for peasants with a new caring (gravbbu with heirs for walking meadows), V. becomes a petition for the peasants, "lives in Moscow ... was in St. Petersburg ... / And there is no sense! "Together with youth, V. broke up with optimism, is afraid of a new one, forever sullen. But his daily life is rich in invisible good deeds, for example, in the chapter" PIR for the whole world " His coin the peasants collect money for the soldier of Ovsynikov. The image of V. is deprived of external concreteness: For Nekrasov, he is primarily a representative of the peasantry. Heavy fate ("Not so much in white-named / panel rubbish, / as a peasant / aid ) - The fate of the whole Russian people.
Girin Yermil Ilyich (Ermila) - One of the most likely applicants for the title of lucky. The real prototype of this character is the peasant A. D. Potanin (1797-1853), who managed by the attorney by the estate by the Orlova, which was called the alone (according to the name of the former owners - the princes of Odoyevski), and the peasants were crossed in Adovshchina. Potanin became famous for extraordinary justice. Nekrasovsky became known for his honesty to feather lumps even in those five years, which served as a writer in the office ("Houdoral conscience is needed - / a peasant with a peasant / penny"). With the old prince, Jurlov was fired him, but then, with young, unanimously elected the Burmistrome of the Adovshchina. For seven years of his "reign", only once cried the soul: "... from recruitchin / smaller brother Mitria / enveloped he." But repentance in this offense almost led him to suicide. Only, thanks to the intervention of a strong Mr. It was possible to restore justice, and instead of the son of Nenil Vse. Mitrius went to serve, and "the prince himself cares about him." G. resigned, removed the mill "And he became the former / all of the people of love." When the mill decided to sell, G. won the auction, but he did not have money with him to make a deposit. And then the "Miracle of Creativity": G. Recruited the peasants to which he turned for help, in half an hour he managed to collect a thousand rubles in the market.
G. Moves not mercantile interest, and the Bunctric Spirit: "It's not the road to me a mill, / offense is great." And although he had everything that was needed / for happiness: both calm, / and money, and honor, "at that time, when the peasants are given by speech about him (the head" Happy "), in connection with the peasant uprising, Located in Ostrog. The speech of the storytellor, the gray-haired pop, from which it becomes known about the arrest of the hero, unexpectedly interrupted by outsiders, and later he himself refuses to continue the narration. But for this inconsembly, it is easily guessed as the cause of the rebellion and the refusal of G. Helping in his gratefulness.
Gleb - Peasant, "Great Sinner". According to the legend, behaved in the chapter "Pier to the whole world", Ammial-Widovets, the participant of the battle "under Achakov" (possibly, Count A. V. Orlov-Chesmesky), complained by Empeatrian eight thousand souls, dying, entrusted the older G. Your testament (free for these peasants). The hero was seduced by the money joined him and burned his will. This "Judene" of the sin of the men tend to regard as the most important of ever committed, because of him, they will have "forever to start." Only Grisha Dobrozlono-Wu managed to convince the peasants, "that they are not the defendants / for the Gleb of the Okayanny, / All of the Wine: Fasten!".
Dobrons Grisha - A character appearing in the chapter "Pier to the whole world", the Epilogue of the poem is also devoted to him. "Grigory / face is thin, pale / and hair thin, curly / with a shade of red." He is a seminarist, the son of the parish dejacious trifon from the village of Large Vakhlaki. The family lives in extreme poverty, only the generosity of the Vlas-Cross and other men helped put on the legs of Grisha and his brother Savva. The mother of their domain, "Bathers Unrequited / for everyone, who anyone / helped her on a black day," died early, leaving for himself a terrible "salty" song. In the minds of D. The image of it is inseparable from the image of the Motherland: "In the heart of a boy / with love for the poor Mother / Love to all Wachlachin / merged." Already at fifteen years, he was determined to devote the life to the people. "I don't need silver, / neither gold, and give the Lord, / So that the feet of my / and every peasant / all-having fun / all saint Rus!" He is going to Moscow to learn, while they, together with his brother, help with men: write letters for them, spread "the provisions about the peasants coming out of the serfdom", work and rest "with the peasantry on a par". Observations over the life of the surrounding poor, reflections on the fate of Russia and its people are checked in a poetic shape, D. songs know and love peasants. With his appearance in the poem enhances the lyrical beginning, the direct author's assessment invades the story. D. was noted "the seal of the gift of God"; A propagandist revolutionary from the folk medium, he must, on the thoughts of Nekrasov., serve as an example for the progressive intelligentsia. In his set, the author invests his beliefs, its own answer to social and moral issues set in the poem. The image of the hero gives the poem a composite completion. The real prototype could be N. A. Dobrolyubov.
Elena Alexandrovna - Governor, Mostrose Baryna, Savior Mature. "Good was, I was smart, / beautiful, healthy, / and the children did not give God." She sheltered the peasant after premature birth, became the godmother of the child, "all the time with the lodelock / rushed as with his relatives." Thanks to her intercession, it was possible to rescue Philip from recruitch. Matrena extols its benefactor to heaven, and criticism (O. F. Miller) rightly notes in the image of the governors of the echo sentimentalism of the Karamzinsky period.
Ipat. - Grotesque image of the faithful cold, the Barquish lacquer, which remained a faithful owner and after the cancellation of serfdom. I. Praises that the landowner His "His own / in the trolley did", I kicked in the hole, saved from cold death, on which he himself before the obedience. All this he perceives as great blessings. For the wanderers I. causes a healthy laughter.
Korchagin Matrena Timofeevna - The peasant woman, the third part of the poem is devoted entirely to its life. "Timofeevna Matrain / Osanovy Woman, / Wide and Tight, / Year thirty-axis. / Beautiful; Hair with smarter, / eyes are big, strict, / eyelashes richest, / Surov and smoothed. / On it, the shirt is white, / yes Sarafan's short, / yes sickle over the shoulder. " Glory is happy leads to her wanderers. M. agrees "Soul to lay out" when the men promise to help her in the harvest: suffering in full swing. The fate of M. is largely suggested by Nekrasov published in the 1st volume of the "Kingdom of Northern Territory" collected by E. V. Barsov (1872), the autobiography of Olonetskaya Printing, I. A. Fedoseeva. The narrative is based on its crying, as well as other folklore materials, including "songs collected by P. N. Rybnikov" (1861). The abundance of folklore sources, often almost without changing the text "peasant", and the very name of this part of the poem emphasizes the typical of the fate M.: This is the usual fate of the Russian woman, convincingly testifying that the wanderers "started / no matter - between women / / Happy search. " In the parent house, in a good, non-passing family, M. lived happily. But, having married Philipp Korchagin, the Lacket, she fell "with a maiden will in hell": superstitious mother-in-law, drunkard beetor, senior slander, on which the daughter-in-law should work like a slave. With her husband, however, she was lucky: only one day it came to the beatings. But Philippe only returns home from earnings in winter, during the rest of the time for M. No one to stand up, except for the grandfather Savelia, father of Sveck. She has to endure the harassment of Sitnikov, the Lord of the Manager, who ceased only with his death. The consolation in all the troubles is becoming for the peasant of her firstborn de fly, but the child dies in the absence of Savelia: it is eaten by pigs. Above the murdered Marthe Mother makes the wrong court. It does not guessed the boss in time, it becomes a witness of abuse of his child.
For a long time, K. can not forgive the Savely of his irreparable cross. Over time, new children appear at the peasant, "once / don't think nor sadness." Parents of heroine, Saveliy die. Her eight-year-old son Fedot is threatened with a punishment for raving someone else's sheep of Wolf, and his mother falls instead of him under rose. But the greatest tests fall on its share in the lack of town year. Pregnant, with the children, she herself likes himself hungry wolf. The recruit set deprives her last intercession, her husband (he is taken out of turn). In delusion, she draws terrible paintings of the Soldiers, Soldiers' Soldiers. She leaves the house and runs to the city where he is trying to get to the governor, and when the Swiss for a bribe allows her to house, rushes to the legs of the governor of Elena Alexandrovna. With her husband and newborn, the heroine is returned home, this case and secured the reputation of the lucky and nicking "Governor". Its further fate is also abundant by the troubles: one of the sons was already taken to the soldiers, "the Siberian God of Siberian ... I visited three times." In the "Babi Parable" summarizes its tragic story: "The keys from the happiness of female, / from our free volatili / abandoned, lost / god himself!" Part of the criticism (V. G. Avseenko, V. P. Burenin, N. F. Pavlov) met the "peasant" in the bayonets, Nekrasov was accused of implausible exaggerations, false, delusted by the simpler. However, even disreterars noted separate successful episodes. There were also reviews about this chapter as the best part of the poem.
Kudyar-Ataman - "Great sinner", hero of the legend, told by God's wanderer Ionushka in the chapter "Pier to the whole world." Lutty robber unexpectedly repented of his crimes. Neither the pilgrimage to the coffin of the Lord nor the Help do not bring his soul to calm down. The waters, which came to K., promises him that he deigns forgiveness when he cuts "the same knife that robbed", century-old oak. Years of vain efforts marked in the heart of the elder doubt in the possibility of performing the task. However, the Tree collapsed, sculpting with the ink of the burden of sins, "when the hermit in the rustling of a mad anger killed the Pan Glukhovsky passing passing by his calm conscience:" Salvation / I don't have tea for a long time, / in the world I read only a woman, / gold, honor And wine ... how many horses of the gulp, / municipal, to try and hang, / and glanced, as I sleep! " The legend of K. is borrowed by Neksov from the folklore tradition, but the image of Pan Glukhovsky is quite realistic. Among the possible prototypes - the landowner is the Glukhovsky from the Smolensk province, sentenced to his fortress, according to a note in the "Bell" of Herzen dated October 1, 1859
Naked Yakim - "In the village of Bosov / Yakim Nagya live, / he works to death, / before half-term drinks!" - So the character itself determines itself. In the poem, he was trusted to speak in defense of the people on behalf of the people. The image has deep folk roots: the speech of the hero is replete with paraphrased proverbs, riddles, in addition, the formulas similar to those characterize its appearance ("Hand is a woody bark, / and the sand"), are repeatedly found, for example, in folk spiritual Stee "About Egoria Khorobrom." The people's idea of \u200b\u200bthe inseparalness of man and nature Nekrasov rethinks, emphasizes the unity of the worker with the Earth: "Lives - with the Sauho it's a little, the death will come with a Yakimushka" - / how the earth will fall off, / that in the sneezer ... Empty as cracked / on dried earth<...> Neck brown, / as a layer, dry sliced, / brick face. "
The biography of the character is not entirely typical for the peasant, rich in events: "Skim, the old man is poor, / lived ever in St. Petersburg, / Yes, pleased to be in prison: / With a merchant, they wondered! / Lypochka encouraged, / he returned to his homeland / and he took him to hust. " During the fire, he lost most of his good, since the first thing I rushed to save the pictures that I bought for my son ("And myself was not less than a boy / loved to look at them." However, in the new house, the hero is accepted for the old, buys new pictures. Countless adversity only strengthen its firm life position. In Chapter III of the first part ("Drunk Night") N. Pronounces a monologue, where his beliefs are formulated extremely distinctly: a cortish work, the results of which are going to three tools (God, King and Mr.), and sometimes they are destroyed by fire; Disasters, poverty - all this is justified by a Menietary drunkenness, and it is not worth measuring the peasant "on the meringue of the Lord." Such a point of view on the problem of people's drunkenness, widely discussed in journalism of the 1860s, is close to the revolutionary-democratic (according to N. G. Chernyshevsky and N. A. Dobrolyubov, drunkenness is a consequence of poverty). It was not by chance that this monologue was subsequently used by populists in their propaganda activities, repeatedly corresponded and the correspondence-chatted separately from the rest of the text of the poem.
Obolt-Oboldiev Gabril Afanasyevich - "Barin round, / pasty, puzzy, / with cigaroge in the mouth ... Rumyantsky, / Osseany, additive, / sixty years ... Captivity Mideto, / Hungarian with Brandenburi, / Wide pants." Among the eminent ancestors O. - Tatarin, a campus of wild beasts, and casnocrad, intricate arson of Moscow. The hero is proud of his pedigree. Previously, the Barin "Ichilled ... The Sky of God, / Went the Tsarist River, / Sorid People's Cassen / and thought to live so much", but with the abolition of the serfdom "the Great chain broke out," the Great chain broke out, "the big chain broke out / Other - on the man! ". With nostalgia, the landowner is remembered by the lost benefits, explaining that it is not sad about himself, but about Mother's Motherland.
The hypocritical, idle, ignorant despot, who sends the appointment of his estate is to "the older name, / the dignity of the noble / maintain hunting, / pearts, any luxury / and live someone else's labor." In addition to everything, O. also cowardly: he takes unarmed men for the robbers, and they will not soon manage to persuade him to hide the gun. The comic effect is increasing due to the fact that the accusations of their own address sound from the mouth of the landlord itself.
Ovsynikov - Soldier. "... there was fragile to feet, / high and even to the extreme; / On it a furout with medals / hung, like on a pole. / But not to say that the kind / face had, especially / when the old one has reduced the old one - / damn! The mouth will face, / eyes - what coals! " With the orphan-niece of Ustinyushka O. drove around the villages, earning the life of the Rait, when the tool deteriorated, composed new goddes and performed them, playing himself on spoons. At the heart of O. songs are folklore sentences and rare poems recorded by Nekrasov in 1843-1848. While working on "life and adventures of Tikhon Cane. The text of these songs fragmentally outlines the life path of the soldier: War under Sevastopol, where he was crippled, a negligent medical examination, where the wounds of the old man rejected: "Second-free! / For them and penny, "follow-up poverty (" Well, with George - in the world, the world "). Due to the way, O. is relevant both for Nekrasov and for the later Russian literature the theme of the railway. The cast iron in the perception of a soldier - an animated monster: "In the face, the peasant snorts, / presidate, deceit, kwykat, / soon the whole Russian people / cleaner sweeps!" Klim Lavin explains that the soldier cannot get to the St. Petersburg "Committee on the wounded" for justice: the tariff at the Moscow-Petersburg road increased and made it inaccessible to the people. The peasants, the heroes of the head "Pier on the whole world", are trying to help the soldier and general forces are collected only by Rublichko.
Petrov Agap - "Rough, uncomplete", according to Vlas, man. P. did not want to put up with voluntary slavery, reassured him only with the help of wine. Caught to follow the crime scene (carried in a log of the Lord's forest), he broke down and explained his real situation in Barina in the expressions of the most impartial. Klim Lavigne dragged the brutal violence over P., while drinking it instead of spanking. But from transferred humiliation and excessive intoxication by the morning of the next day, the hero dies. Such a terrible price pay peasants for voluntary, albeit temporary, refusal of freedom.
Polivans - "... Mr. low kind", however, small funds did not interfere with the manifestation of his despotic nature. He is inherent in the entire range of defects of a typical serfdom: greed, misfortune, cruelty ("with relatives, not only with peasants"), creature. To the old age, the Barin took their legs: "The eyes are clear, / cheeks are red, / chubby hands like white sugar, / yes on the legs - shackles!" In this misfortune, Yakov became the only support, "friend and brother" for him, but for the faithful service, the Barin reproached him with black ungratefulness. The terrible revenge of the Hall, the night, which P. had to spend in the ravine, "Mars of birds and wolves driven out", make the Barina repent ("sin, sin!" Kazy me! "), But the narrator believes that he will not be forgiveness:" You, Barin, Calp of Approximate, / Jacob's faithful, / remember to the Judgment Day! "
Pop "For the assumption of Luke, the ass" there is a fun, / freely in Russia. " A rural priest who meets the wanderers on the way the very first, refutes this assumption: he has no rest, no wealth, nor happiness. With how difficulty "gets a gram / Popovsky Son", Nekrasov himself wrote in the poetic play "Restored" (1859). In the poem, this topic will appear again in connection with the image of the Grisha Dobroblon Seminar. Restlessly by the priest: "Botting, dying, / born to the world / do not choose time," no habit will protect with the compassion dying and orphans, "every time it sweats, / down the soul." Pop in the peasant medium uses dubious honor: folk superstitions are connected with him, he and his family are permanent characters of obscene jokes and songs. The wealth of the same Popovsky was previously due to the generosity of the parishioners-landarers, with the abolition of the serfdom of those who left their estates and diverted, "as a tribe of the Jewish ... on the Far Stranger / and in Russia's Rus." With the transition of the Raskolnikov under the supervision of the civil authorities in 1864, the local clergy lost another serious income article, and from the peasant works "Kopeyki / Livally".
Saveli. "Svyatrussky's hero," With a huge cross grivy, / tea, twenty years, not a short, / with a big beard, / grandfather breathed. " Once in a fight with a bear, he damaged his back, and in old age she bent. The native village of C, crested, is in the forest wilderness, and therefore, the peasants live relatively freely ("I didn't get to us for the Zemskaya police per year"), although they suffer from the landlord's atrocities. In patience and consists of the richness of the Russian peasant, but there is a limit to any patience. S. falls into Siberia for the fact that we lived in the land of the hated German manager. Twenty years old KORGOV, unsuccessful attempt to escape, twenty years of settlement did not lay in the Bogatira Bunctar Spirit. Returning after the amnesty home, he lives in the family of his son, mother-in-law Matrena. Despite the honorable age (according to the audition fairy tales, grandfather a hundred years), he leads an independent life: "The families disliked, / in his corner did not let." When he was told by the religious past, the fun answers: "Heartless, yes not a slave!" Tempered by harsh fishing and human cruelty, petrified heart S. was able to melt only the greatness of Dema. The accident makes a grandfather of Demushkina death. His grief is awesome, he goes to repentance in the sandy monastery, trying to pour the forgiveness of the "angry mother." Having lived one hundred and seven years old, he pronounces a terrible sentence to the Russian peasantry: "Men are three roads: / Kabak, Ostroga yes Katorga, / and Baba in Russia / Three loops ... in any race." The image with, in addition to folklore, has socially polemical roots. Saving Alexander II from the attempt on April 4, 1866 O. I. Komissarov was Kostromich, Countryman I. Susanin. The monarchists in this parallel saw the proof of the thesis on the Zeidelubia of the Russian people. To refute this point of view, Nekrasov settled into the Kostroma province, the original Votchin Romanov, Buntar C, and Matroin catches the similarity between him and the monument to Susanin.
Trofim (Trifon) - "A man with a kiddy, / relaxed, thin / (the nose is the eastern, like the dead, / as the hand-skinned rake, / like the needles of the legs are long, / not a man - Komar)." Former bricklayer, inborn sweet. Amented to the provocation of the contractor, he "demolished one in extremes / fourteen pounds" on the second floor and was relieved. One of the brightest and terrible images in the poem. In the chapter "Happy" T. praises with happiness, which allowed him alive to get from Peter to their homeland, unlike many other "feverish, hot workers", which were thrown out of the car when they began to wander.
Utyatin - "Light! / Like hares Winter, / all white ... nose with a beak, like a hawk, / mustache gray, long / and - different eyes: / one healthy glowing, / and left - muddy, cloudy, / like a tin grumb! ". Having "wealth is exorbitant, / chin an important, genus venel", W. does not believe in the abolition of serfdom. As a result, the dispute with the governor splits paralysis. "Do not care, / and cut it off." The prince's sons are afraid that he will deprive their inheritance in favor of side daughters, and persuade the peasants to pretend to be serfs again. The peasant world has dialing "cloudy / dismissed Barina / on the rest of the clock." On the day of the arrival of the wanderers - seekers of happiness - in the village Large Vakhlaki, the conserves finally dies, then the peasants arrange a "feast to the whole world." The image of W. has a grotesque character. The absurd orders of the Barina-Selfar mixes the peasants.
Shalashnikov - A landowner, former crook owner, military. Taking advantage of the remoteness from the provincial city, where the landowner was standing with his regiment, the Cedian peasants did not pay the lifesta. Sh. Decided to knock out the lifts by force, Dral peasants so that "the brains are shocked / in the heads." Savely recalls the landowner as an unsurpassed wizard: "I knew how to smoke! / He squeezed the skin so much that worn a hundred years. " He died under Varna, his death put an end to the relative prosperity of men.
Yakov - "Pro Hop of the approximate - Yakov faithful" tells in the chapter "Pier to the whole world" the former yard. "People of the Khopovsky title - / Bully dogs sometimes: / than difficult punishment, / those Mileu of the Lord." So I was. Until Mr. Polyvanov, having lost his nephew on the bride, did not return that in recruits. The approximate holding was drove, but in two weeks he returned, squeezing over helpless Barin. However, "Mutil His Enemy". I. J. Polyvananova to visit his sister, halfway turns into the damn ravine, straightens the horses and, contrary to the fears of the Barin, does not kill him, but leans himself, leaving the owner alone with his conscience. This method of revenge ("drag dry dust" is to hang in the possession of the offender to make him suffer all his life) was indeed known, especially in Eastern nation. Nekrasov, creating the image of Ya., Refers to the story, which A. F. Horsis told (in turn he heard it from the worst of the volost government), and only slightly modifies it. This tragedy is another illustration of a fellowship of serfdom. The rubbish of Nekrasov, Grisha Grisha summarizes: "There is no crepe - there is no landowner, / before the loop of the adjusting / diligent slave, / no crepe - there is no yard, / the suicide of the imaginary / villain."
Above his poem, N. A. Nekrasov worked for a long time - starting from the 1860s and up to the end of his life. During his lifetime, individual heads of work were published, but completely saw the light only in 1920, when K. I. Chukovsky decided to release the full collection of the compositions of the poet. In many ways, the work of "who in Russia live is good" is built on the elements of Russian folk art, the language of the poem is close to the one who was understood by the peasants of that time.
Main characters
Despite the fact that Nekrasov planned in his poem to highlight the life of all classes, the main characters "who in Russia live well" is still the peasants. The poet draws their lives in the dark colors, in particular, sympathizing with women. The most prominct images of the works are Ermila Girin, Jaughty Nagya, Savely, Matrena Timofeevna, Klim Avalanin. At the same time, the world of the peasantry appears before the reader's eyes, although the main focus is made on it.
Often, schoolchildren get as a homework to describe the heroes of "who in Russia live well" and their characteristics. To obtain a good assessment, it is necessary to mention not only the peasants, but also about the landowners. This is the prince of Uttatin with his family, Obolt-Oboldov, generous governor, managing-German. For the work in general, the epic unity of all acting heroes is characterized. However, along with this, the poet presented a lot of personalities, individualized images.
Ermila Girin
This hero "Who in Russia live is good", according to those who are familiar with him - a happy man. The surrounding people appreciate him, and the landowner show respect. Ermila is engaged in socially useful things - contains a mill. He works on it without deceiving ordinary peasants. Girin enjoys confidence in all. This manifests itself, for example, in the situation of collecting money on a orphan mill. Ermila turns out to be in the city without money, and the mill is put up for sale. If he does not have time to return for money, she will come to Altynnikov - it will not last anyone. Then Girin decides to refer to the people. And people are combined to make a good deal. They believe that their money will go to good.
This hero "Who in Russia live is good" was a writer and helped learn a diploma to those who do not know her. However, the wanderers did not consider Ermila happy, because he could not stand the most difficult test - power. Instead of his native brother, Girin falls into the soldiers. Ermila repents in the deed. It can not be considered happy.
Jim Nagoya
One of the main characters "Who in Russia live is good" is like naked. He determines himself so - "it works to death, drinking to death." The history of Naked is simple and at the same time very tragic. Once he lived in St. Petersburg, but he went to jail, lost the estate. After that, he had to settle in the village and began to be overwhelmed. In the work he is entrusted to protect the people himself.
The spiritual needs of a person are indestructible
During the fire, it loses most of the nizhnyh, as it is accepted to save pictures that purchased for his son. However, in its new, the dwelling is accepted for the old, buys other pictures. Why does he decide to save these things, at first glance, which are simple trinkets? A person tries to preserve what is more expensive to him. And these pictures turn out to be more expensive than money hurned by Hell labor.
The life of the heroes "to live well in Russia" is an incessant work, the results of which fall in foreign hands. But the soul of man cannot be content with such an existence, in which there is a place only for endless labor. The spirit of naked requires something high, and these pictures, oddly enough, are a symbol of spirituality.
Endless adversity only strengthen its life position. In the III chapter, he utters a monologue, in which it describes in detail its life - this is a cortish work, the results of which are in the hands of three shareholders, disasters and hopeless poverty. And by these disasters, he justifies his drunkenness. It was the only joy for the peasants, the only occupation of which had a grave work.
Place a woman in the work of the poet
A significant place in the work of Nekrasov is also occupied by women. Their share of the poet considered the most difficult - after all, it was on the shoulders of the Russian peasant, the debt of the upbringing of children, preserving homemade hearth and love in the harsh Russian conditions. In the work of "who in Russia live well", the heroes (more precisely, the heroine) bear the hardest cross. The most details of their images are described in the chapter called "Drunk Night". Here you can face the difficult fate of women working in cities. The reader meets Dariuska, who was dismissed from the insane work, women who have the situation in the house worse than in hell - where the son-in-law is constantly taken for the knife, "that loose will kill."
Matraine Korchagin
The climax of a female topic in the poem is part called "Peasant woman". Her main character is Matroin Timofeevna for the names of Korchagin, whose life is a generalization of the life of the Russian peasant. On the one hand, the poet demonstrates the gravity of her fate, but on the other - the increhensible will of Matrena Kurchagin. The people consider it "happy", and the wanderers go to the way to look at this "miracle."
Matrena gives back their persons and tells about his life. She considers her childhood the happiest sometimes. After all, her family was caring, no one drank. But soon came the moment when it was necessary to marry. Here she seems to be lucky - the spouse loved Matreus. However, she becomes younger than you, and she has to please all and everyone. It could not even count on a good word.
Only with the grandfather Savely Matren could reveal the soul, cry. But even grandfather, although not in his will, but caused her terrible pain - did not see the child. After that, the judges accused of murdering the baby Sam Matreu.
Is the heroine happy?
The poet emphasizes the helplessness of the heroine and the words of Savelia tells her to endure, because "we can not find the truth." And these words become a description of the whole life of Matrena, who had to survive and losses, and grief, and resentment from landowners. Only once she managed to "find the truth" - "pour out" the spouse from the unfair soldiers at the Elena Alexandrovna's landowners. Perhaps that is why Matrena began to call "happy." And perhaps because it, unlike some other heroes, "to live well in Russia," did not break, no matter what adversity. According to the poet, the share of a woman is the hardest. After all, she has to suffer from a cure in the family, and worry about the life of loved ones, and carry out unbearable work.
Grisha Dobrozlonov
This is one of the main characters "to live well in Russia." He was born in the family of poor Deca, who was also lazy. He was the image of a woman who was described in detail in the chapter under the name "peasant". Grisha managed to understand his place in life already at a young age. This was facilitated by labor hardening, hungry childhood, generous character, vitality and perseverance. Grisha became a fighter for the rights of all humiliated, he stood for the interests of the peasants. In the first place he was not personal needs, but social values. The main features of the hero are unpretentious, high performance, the ability to compassion, education and a sharp mind.
Who can find happiness in Russia
Throughout the work, the poet is trying to answer the question about the happiness of the heroes "to live well in Russia." Perhaps it is Grisha Dobrons - the happiest character. After all, when a person does a good deed, he has a pleasant feeling of his own value. Here, the hero saves the whole people. Since childhood, Grisha sees unfortunate and oppressed people. Nekrasov considered the ability to compassion the source of patriotism. The poet has a man who is making the people, raises the revolution - this is Grisha Dobrons. In his words, the hope is reflected on the fact that Russia will not die.
Landowners
Among the heroes of the poem "to live well in Russia," as it was indicated, there are a lot of landowners. One of them is Obolt-Owdow. When the peasants ask him about whether he was happy, he only laughs in response. Then, with some regret, recalls the past years, which were full of prosperity. However, the reform of 1861 canceled the serfdom, although it was not communicated to the end. But even the changes that occurred in public life cannot force the landowner to work and read the results of the labor of other people.
To be another hero of "who in Russia live is good" Nekrasova - Uttatin. He all his life "Cordell and Daryl", and when the public reform was granted, then he had enough hit. His children to get the inheritance, along with the peasants play a real performance. He is inspired that he will not remain anything, and the serfdom is still dominant in Russia.
Grandfather Savely
The characteristic of the heroes of "who in Russia live is good" would be incomplete without describing the image of Santa Savelia. The reader gets acquainted with him when he lived a long and hard life. In old age Savely lives together with the family of his son, he comes from mother-in-law. It is worth noting that the old man dislikes his family. After all, households do not have better characteristics.
Even in the native circle of Savelia is called "branded, religious". But he does not take offense at it and gives a worthy answer: "Heartless, yes not a slave." This is the character of this hero "to live well in Russia." A brief description of the character of Savelia can be supplemented and the fact that it is not off sometimes to hang over the members of his family. The main thing is that it is noted when meeting this character - this is his difference from the rest, both from the Son and from the other inhabitants of the house.