Unknown words and their meaning. How to use smart words and their meaning in conversation
On October 4, 1872, Vladimir Ivanovich, the Russian doctor, a famous lexicographer, author of the "intelligent dictionary of the living Great Russian language" left the life. The collection of words was the main work of his life, this dictionary is a unique and unique monument of literature. Today we decided to tell about the most unusual dictionaries of the Russian language
Dictionary on the contrary
Donownowledgely, opening such a reverse dictionary, immediately and will not understand what its essence is. Words are aligned on the right edge, and not as we used to from the left side. Yes, they are located not alphabetically, but in some kind of arbitrary order. In fact, everything is wrong.
In the inverse dictionaries, words are arranged in alphabetical order not initial letters, but the final. And they are printed from the other edge of the page to make it convenient to search for the right word.
Such dictionaries are indispensable when studying the education of the word with the help of suffixes. You can also track the peculiarity of the pronunciation of the word.
The first such dictionaries appeared in the XIII-XIV centuries in Arab countries. True, they used not linguists, but poets. The words collected in the alphabetic order helped with ease to choose the necessary rhyme and finish the poem.
The first inverse Russian dictionaries appeared abroad, in the middle of the XX century. In the USSR, such editions began to be published in the 70s of the last century. One of the pioneers was the "Reverse Dictionary of the Russian Language" (Scientific Consultants A. A. Zaliznyak, R. V. Bakhturin, E. M. Smorgunova) (M., 1974), there are about 125,000 words.
Dictionaries of rare words
"But these are pies! These are pies with cheese! it's with urda! But these are those that Athanasius Ivanovich loves, with cabisting and buckwheat cashey "with what forgive the pies? With Urda? The eaten reader is unlikely to fail on this word, reading the wonderful work of Nikolai Gogol "Starosvetsky landowners." For the author and its contemporaries, this was obviously clear and used in everyday life.
And what about us, readers from the XXI century, who also want to know what Urnd is? We will come to the aid of the dictionaries of rare words, which now, fortunately, a sufficient amount appeared on the network. So, the Urda is the poverty grains, with which in the time of Nikolai Vasilyevich baked patties. With the help of such dictionaries, you can find out who is such a Cupjik, where to wear the current and whom they called yellow-eyed.
Dictionaries of the names of residents
How to call residents of Kursk in one word? And Uglich? And Salekhard? Okay, do not suffer! Linguists, geographers and historians have already done for us, we have only to open the dictionary and find the right city. Such collections are very valued and there is always at hand at the experienced traveler. To, for example, not to sit in the puddle in front of the inhabitants of Omsk, and you recommend to look at such a dictionary before traveling.
One of the first such issues was the "dictionary of the names of residents of the RSFSR" edited by A. M. Babkina. He was published in 1964 and included about six thousand naming of residents of 2000 settlements of the Russian Federation. Each name is driven with an emphasis, and some even with illustrations.
Such dictionaries are constantly reprinted, complemented and updated. For example, one of the last editions came out in 2003.
Stupid dictionaries
Name this dictionary, honestly, the language does not turn. Mostly this is a collection of jokes and jokes. The authors of such publications call them with stupid dictionaries. Now I am in the Internet and on bookshelves. The meaning of them is the ridiculous decoding of the usual words. There are both constructions for word forms and simple associations. So, for example, one of the electronic stupid dictionaries offers the following values.
Dolphin - Business Finn
Wiring - Diluted Vodka
Ban - getting up with friends in a bath
Such dictionaries can be anyone, it is worth only to attach a little imagination and sense of humor.
Ambivalence - The duality of the experience, expressed in that one object causes a person at the same time two opposite feelings.
Ambigram - graphically depicted words or phrases - perverts, i.e. Read on both sides. A simple example, year - 1961 (if units without serifs). Complicated A. - words in the form of a complex symmetric calligraphic pattern.
Anagram - Word or phrase formed by the permutation of letters or components, such as "orange" and "spaniel".
Aneurysm - Expansion. In medicine - local expansion, for example, a blood vessel.
Apology- exorbitant praise, biased, a biased position by virtue of a special interest in relation to the phenomenon, subject or personality.
Authentic - authenticity.
Outsourcing - Transferring by one organization of some business processes and production functions of another organization. For example, accounting, maintenance of technology, transportation services, etc.
Bulimia- Unattheless constant hunger, painful condition, sometimes the reason for obesity.
Burime - writing poems to the specified rhymes, or just a game in rhymes.
Validity- Full compliance with some standards or compliance with the result initially set tasks.
Viracy - The effect of "viral" distribution of information by persons themselves for which this information was intended.
Grumming - Pet care. Now mainly used to describe cosmetic care for dogs and cats.
Downshifting- voluntary rejection of the benefits of civilization in favor of simple and free lives. For example, the transition from the urban lifestyle to rural.
Deja - The feeling that the currently experienced at the moment has already happened earlier.
Decoupage - Decorative technique in design and design: cutting out any patterns of flat materials (leather, cloth, wood) and subsequent sticking on the decorative surface.
Dumping - Reset of goods or services at a significantly understated price as a means of competitive struggle.
Divergence- the discrepancy between any signs and properties as a result of some processes or external factors.
Identification - establishing conformity for a number of direct and indirect signs, identification or self-defining.
Impressed- Perform a positive impression, inspire respect, like.
Indifference - indifference, indifference.
Insurgent - Rellanets.
Hypochondria - painful-oppressed state, painful imperidity.
Carving - Art cutting usually in vegetables and fruits. Also in the hairdresser is a long-term curling.
Castomization- Customer orientation, following direct demands of the buyer, in the manufacture of goods or the provision of services.
Quintessence - The most important thing is the essence.
Cognitiveness- The ability of consciousness to the perception of information and her assimilation.
Comilfo - Something decent, inscribed in generally accepted norms.
Convergence - The rapprochement and acquisition of similarities for a number of signs of initially different systems.
Congeniality - similarity in spirit, similarity of thoughts.
Conglomeration - The connection of heterogeneous objects is one integer when maintaining their original properties and signs.
Consensus - consent to the controversial issue achieved as a result of rapprochement of positions.
Constant- constant value, constant parameter.
Credo - Life principles, ideological beliefs.
Lability - instability, variability.
Latency - Host, inadequate manifestation of an existing sign.
Leasing- long-term rental of equipment, etc., at which the tenant gradually pays its cost, thereby acquiring the leased.
Marginal- Located on the verge or outside the main one. The opposite of establishment.
Misalliance - an unequal marriage with the face of a lower position, the Union in an unequal partner.
Memorandum - a reference document that fixes some facts, circumstances and other.
Mercantivity - petty, following mercenary interests.
Metabolism - metabolism, as well as direction in architecture, characterized by dynamic variability: long-term construction are combined with temporary.
Misanszen - Location of actors in the scene. In a broad sense - alignment of acting persons.
Mizophobia - Fear of dirt, obsessive fear of pollution.
Movetona - bad tone, uncompatory.
NOPOBIA - Fear in front of at night and insomnia.
Oxymoron - Combination of incompatible. Stylistic figure - a combination of words in the opposite meaning, for example, "hot snow". Or spoken: "Do you want tea?" "Yes, no, perhaps ..."
Ontogenesis - Individual development of the body.
Offer - Offer to make a deal.
Paradigm - The basic conceptual scheme, characteristic of a certain period of time, underlying the definition and evaluation of problems, and their solutions, a complex of dominant flows in science.
Perturbation- an unexpected and sudden change in events in the problem direction.
Perfectionism- The desire for perfection, following overestimated ideals, increased demands for yourself and others. It can be considered as a positive personality trait, but can also be perceived as a pathological form of a neurotic disorder.
Pleonasm - Use in speech or text of unnecessary words that do not add sense, but reinforcing expressiveness, for example, "road path".
Pluralism- manifold or multiplicity, both in the landed and in the philosophical context. Monism - when the opposite is something one. Dualism recognizes only duality.
Postulate - Truth taken without evidence.
Preamble - The introductory part of some large text, justifying it.
Presumption- The assumption based on the likelihood. In a legal context, the recognition of the fact is reliable until the opposite is proved. For example, the presumption of innocence and, on the contrary, guilt.
Prerogative - advantage, exceptional right due to the situation, the right of the first stage.
Prolongation - extension of the term of the contract in excess provided.
Prostration - depletion, decay of forces, accompanied by indifference to the surrounding reality.
Reduction - Transition from complex to simple, weakening of something.
Resonance - In physics, an increase in the amplitude of oscillations in coincidence with external harmonic effects. In the general sense, the reaction to some phenomenon, echoes something. Resonate - be in a state of resonance.
Reincarnation - Rebirth of the soul.
Ridelia- "Free Hunting", actions for the purpose of capture, and sometimes destruction, someone else's property.
Repair- Reimbursement by the defeated side of material damage as a result of hostilities to the winner.
Representativeness - Review, indication.
Retardation - Composite receipt consisting in the delay of the narrative with the help of deviations, reasoning, spatial descriptions, input scenes. Also later laying the body and its slowdown development.
Reference- Characteristic or review of someone or something.
Reflection - thinking about your inner state, self-analysis.
Simulacra - An image or explanation of the fact that in reality does not exist. A copy that does not have the original.
Synopsis - The presentation of some topic is strongly compressed and summarized.
Sociopathy - Antisocial personality disorder. The mental deflection for which it is characterized by ignoring (inability to comply with public norms, aggressiveness, inadequate behavior in humans.
Status quo- The situation that has established.
Sublimation - Removal of affective energy through creativity and active public or other activities.
Substance- Objective Reality: Matter or Spirit, to choose from.
Tautology - a combination of identical or loved ones in the meaning of words (for example, "oil oil"), also use in the interpretation of some concept of verbal forms of the same concept (for example, "an astronomer is a scientist learning astronomy").
Tactile - tactile.
Transliteration - recording words of one alphabet, letters of another. For example, "Naprimer". To transfer Russian words to Latin, there are appropriate standards.
Transcendental - The most generalized, originally inherent in the mind, but not acquired.
Trend. - Actual tendency, "Nail Season".
Trolling- Provisional behavior in Internet communications aimed at changing the topic of conversation and inciting conflicts. The term is actively included in real life. Troll - a person performing provocative actions.
Utility - Exceptional practicality.
Fetish - The subject of blind unconscious worship.
Physiognomy- The doctrine of adequate the features of the person and the appearance of a person in nature and thoughts. In a broad sense, the description of hidden internal traits by appearance.
Filigree - Professionalism, accuracy in trifles.
Franchise(franchising) - commercial concession, i.e. The right to use one side of the capabilities and resources of the other side, in the most simplified and general sense - the lease of the trademark.
Frapping - unpleasantly amazing.
Frustration- The state of depression, anxiety arising from the crash of hopes, the impossibility of the implementation of the goals.
Hipster - a representative of the modern youth subculture with a characteristic elite showing behavior and is emphasized by intellectual preferences in cinema, music, visual art, etc.
Happening - Some promotion, like a work of art.
Chiter- Most fresh borrowing from English, denoting bypass or violation of some rules. Accordingly, the chicketer is a process, a cheater - it is committing it.
Euthanasia - intentional killing is incurably patient with the aim of terminating his suffering.
Heuristic - The area of \u200b\u200bknowledge exploring creative activities.
Euphemism- A decent and permissible expression instead of coarse or obscene.
Egalitarism - The concept of total equation in society, in economics, etc. - "Universal equality", equalization. Contrary to the basic laws of nature.
Exaltation - excited state, unhealthy activity.
Excess - Extreme form of manifestation of something, the output of the process beyond the boundaries of its normal flow.
Empathy - The ability to put ourselves to the place of another person, understanding another person "through itself."
Epicureanism - the desire to satisfy sensory instincts, easy life and wealth (see hedonism).
Escapism - the desire to hide from reality in the fictional world.
List of "rare" words in Russian according to the site http://language.mypage.ru
List places strange, but still interesting.
1.Multifora - This is the most common file for documents.
2.Gape - Threatening
3.Trash-bl (or cham-bales) - "This is not a cham-bala!"
4.Kichninka - Baby, appeal to a little girl - not Uzbek, but not Slavyanka. From Uzb. "Kichitka" - kid.
5.Yeh-Ai-Yai - Nizhny Novgorod surprise
6.Kefirk - The girl trying to whiten the face with acidic milk (visible on the stains of unevenly clarified skin, and the face and neck, sometimes hands. Ears look awesome)
7.Dubai - The lady who came with earnings engaged in prostitution. Or a dressed "like Dubai" is bright, tasteless, with an abundance of rhinestones, gold and trinkets.
8.UD - Part of the body (the intense dd - what is commonly called an indecent word).
9.Ragging - rag, shaking - dense lace
10.Chuni - Type of shoes. Often so called overall shoes, which is used to get out at night in small need.
11.Torture - drink alcohol.
12.Confusion - Tangle of everyday affairs or events.
13.Galimi (or Golimy) - bad, poor-quality, non-mercenary
14.Okar Babai. - Exclamation (EPRST, Eugene Cat, Yo-My, etc.), resentment on the current situation.
15.Skubut - shave, cut.
16.Shufluka (Shuflada) - a small drawer (in a writing desk, wardrobe, chest of drawers, etc.)
17.Fucking - last summer.
18.Ticket - receipt, account, ticket, small piece of paper.
19.Tan - Too too, too.
20.Bleavasts, gloss - relaxation, reluctance to do something, fatigue.
21.Sleep - crack, straighten.
22.Spit - Spit.
23.Brush - run with small chambers.
24.Scabrous - Vulgar
25.Puzzle, Pour - Slowly go, do not have time for anyone.
26.Buhic - Alcohol party.
27.Foufucher - very bright, went dressed.
28.Habalka - Rough, uneducated woman.
29.Broody - Woman chicken (insult.)
30.Just - hit.
31.Jamb - error.
32.Spin cooling - harmful child.
33.Hag - Crow, old woman.
34.Locker - porch.
35.Podlovka - Attic.
36.Single - Eggplant.
37.Rybar, Catcher - Fisherman.
38.Treat - Lose.
39.Popoty - Pushed in the crowd.
40.Sardonic laughter - irrepressible, convulsive, bile, angry, ulcer.
41.Lapidarity - brevity, compression, expressiveness of the syllable, style.
42.Algolagnia - Sexual satisfaction experienced: - when causing pain sexual partner (sadism); Or - in connection with the pain caused by the sexual partner (Masochism).
43.Sublimation - This is the process that the attraction (libido) goes to a different goal, far from sexual satisfaction, and the energy of instincts is converted into a socially acceptable, moral approval.
44.Lyuba, Lyalny - something strongly children's.
45.Whip - Shopping.
46.Transcendental - incomprehensible for human understanding
47.Eschatology - Representations of the end of the world.
48.Apologist - Christian writer defending Christianity from criticism.
49.Flute - Vertical grooves on the column.
50.Anagogue - Allegorical explanation of biblical texts.
51.Lukulles - Pier.
52.Axelbots - These are plastic things on the end of the shoelains.
53.Bonhomie - unceremonious, inappropriate-familiar appeal under the guise of friendly.
54.Honeymoon (Honeymoon in English) - We believed that this is the first month of newlyweds, but in English the word is divided into "honey" and "moon." Most likely, the English word "Honeymoon" implies that the usual moon, which in the presentation of Americans in the form of cheese becomes honey.
55.Chain - A korestolobyovy, striving for a naught man. How many of them around us ...
56.Koose ("He is kacennit", "folded", "do not turn out") - to go around, "pull out", to show off.
57.Marusyaka, Pamornha (emphasis on the first syllable) - drizzling rain with warm weather and sun.
58.Cold (Do not conjure) - to worry anything, subject to peg.
59.Vehoutota, Vortex - Sponge (rag, urine) for washing dishes, body, etc.
60.Bawdy (SUT. "Pokhanchy") - vulgar, shameless.
61.Moon - Foolish.
62.Korch, He is a scoop - a small saucepan on a long handle.
64.Go to the ball - Same as for free.
65.To the top of the dog - upside down.
66.Kagagom - Together together.
67.Go through - mess around, do not find places before falling asleep in bed.
68.Like, Loss - kiss.
69.Trandychikha (Trynet) - Woman's violated (say Nuraszitsa).
70.Nausea - verbal nonsense.
71.Trichomia - junk, husband. genitals.
72.Chew - Stretch.
73.Bundel (Bundul) - Big Bottle, Bottle
74.Hamanok - wallet.
75.Buza - Dirt, thick.
76.Shdantbat - Pour, go.
77.Stripe - Go, run.
78.Lipstroke - an invoice for payment.
79.Ida - Let's go, come on (Ida go to the store).
80.Exercis - the exercise.
81.Exercise - Making Exercises, Faire Ses Exercices
82.Buffoon - Jester, rim.
83.FAT. - Boltok, brake.
84.Squaluga - Surround.
85.Yoshel-Moksel - It is used with feeling at the moments of complete chaos.
86.Kavardak - mess.
87.Pustrovel - Chatterbox.
88.Mandibla - inept hands.
89.Rinda - queue.
90.Polf. - The volume of a certain container.
91.Maza. - Little (from Latvian Mazayis).
92.NONCH - Today.
93.Apotheosis - Deficing, glorification, alignment of any person, events or phenomena.
94.Distribution - bounce someone.
95.Planter, urinated - a small artificial reservoir near the garden.
96.Suck out - bounce.
97.Epideria - Accident, surprise.
98.Perdimonocl - illogical unexpected conclusion.
99.Nastropolit - Set up against.
100.To mank - Skip something.
101.Insinuation - (from lat. Insinuatio, literally - ingratility) - slander.
102.Skopidomism - greed.
103.Saban. - Staircase with a platform (used during paint walls or other construction works).
104.Adobe - a dwelling from casual ligament cylinda.
105.Clap - Mark every cooked position of the list checkboxes.
106.Michrut - Incomplete, trusty man.
107.Dradam - Sukonny (Dradadam is a view of Sukna) (the word is found in classical Russian literature).
108.Expansion - expansion of borders, limits.
109.De facto - In fact, in fact.
110.De jure - Legally, formally.
111.Cut - Sliced \u200b\u200bpiece of product (from life).
112.Summary - Different books in one box at the reception in the store.
113.Perzhna - nonsense, trifle.
114.Cequisy - Same as shutting.
115.Herashka (Vulg.) - Something small and unpleasant, noorg. Origin.
116.Pup - Something small, pleasant (nations).
117.Phrase (Chekist.) - Assistant on tel.
118.Tritikale (Bot.) - Wheat hybrid with rye.
119.Rampeket. - Skachties for butterflies (nations).
120.Shpak - Any civilian person (Kubrin).
121.Bilbok - Toy (catch the ball on the rope with a stick) (L. Tolstoy).
122.Bababo - Doll on hand, like exemplary.
123.Nady - Jedn, recently, spray, grab, scream.
124.Back - it is better.
125.Donate - Drain.
126.Mandibla - inept hands.
Have you been to Rusichi? What was the bloidoz for? Who is the Herzumsrolik? These and other words in the list of the most interesting gapaks - words used only once in history
Gapaksi. (Greek - ἅπαξ λεγόμενον, Gapax Lefomenon, "named once") - these are words that in the entire combination of texts in this language are found only once. Such words should be much in each language: according to the statistical law of Cipf, the frequency dictionary of any text and any of their combustion contains a long tail from "units". Most of these gapaks consist of well-known roots and suffixes and are understandable even to those who did not hear them before. However, some of these words are particularly interesting, especially if we are talking about dead languages \u200b\u200bor literary classics: their importance is often mysterious, the origin is unclear, and in some cases they are complete phantoms (Ghost Words), which appeared as a result of the erroneous interpretation of the text.
Rusichi
Old Russian language
From the album "Peoples of Russia". France, 1812-1813 BIBLIOTHèQUE NATIONALE DE FRANCEThe most famous Old Russian gapaks - the word rusichi. True, it is not met alone, but four times, but only in one short text - "the word about the regiment of Igor". But rarely, some of our contemporaries are unfamiliar with this word: in dozens of popular books and films, residents of ancient Russia are just called, so now the word "Rusich" has become a popular patriotic name for anything: from the metro station to the cinema. And yet, the eastern Slavs themselves usually called themselves just collectively - rus. Not a single ancient monument with rusichi It could not be found anymore, except for the obvious gross fakes like the "Veles Book". Even in the medieval imitation of "Word" - "Zadonshchina" - words rusichi there is neither one of the lists, but rusky Son.
For a long time, the minority of scientists defended the point of view, according to which "the word", the only manuscript of which burned in 1812, fake. Of course, the name of the residents of Russia, which is no longer anywhere, served these authors with one of the arguments in favor of the fake of the monument. Now it is shown that the word does not actually contradict the ancient Russian standards; Rare options on - Ichi. There were most names of the peoples and denoted "children of a common ancestor." In addition, there was a similar word in the Ukrainian folklore rusovichi. "The word" is poetic text, so that the unusual name could well be used in it.
Blondoz
Old Russian language
In one Old Russian text in the list of property mentioned blokorѣz wroughtman. In the "Dictionary of the Russian language of the XI-XVII centuries", the word "Blondauz" is included with the "meaningless". Imagination draws some kind of metal forged tool, about whose assignment is better not to think.
Linguist Vadim Krysko decided the mystery of "Bludoreza". This word is simply no: the letter "YUS" (ѫ) is not readable, not as most often - "y", but as "Yu", and we are simply a "dish - cut-out", that is, a dish with a wrought-down pattern. The nominative case in such cases happens in modern language: for example, in the inscriptions on the price tag "Leather Gloves".
Jeregel
Ukrainian language
The father of Ukrainian literature Ivan Kotlyarevsky in the poem "Aneida" wrote:
There was ate djergeli,
Drushes on heads.
In the Ukrainian-Russian glossary attached to the "Aneida", he explained that it was "braids, finely braided and outlined by a wreath on the head." Since then, this word is included in different dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, including in a small dictionary, compiled by young N. V. Gogol; But all of its consumption is torn in the ultimately to Kotlyarevsky. Where did he get this word and rightly it means what is indicated in the glossary, it is unclear. In the "etymological dictionary" 1985, it is associated with Polish ceregiela ("Ceremony"), but the value of the Polish word is completely different. For a while in the Russian Wikipedia was the article "Djeregeli", illustrated by a photo of Yulia Tymoshenko, but then her (article) was deleted.
Gartzum Srolik
Belarusian language
Car driver www.oldurbanphotos.com In the classic play of Yankee Kupala "Tutaishya" ("local" or "local") one hero meets another, lucky trolley with every rhylard, and tells him:
"SHATS GOTA Z YOU? Tsi not ўПісалі ў ў MENSKIY SWABODNYY GERTSUM-SROLIKI? - Yak Tachnіk Yaki, Tarabanіce Gate Barczka s Saba. "
More Belarusian texts with the word gERTSUM-SROLIK not. But he managed to find in essays in Russian "Journey through the Woodland and the Belarusian Territory" Pavel Shpilevsky, where, when describing the spills, Nemigi says:
"Since the dumping is sometimes quite large, then the crossings are arranged for the crossing through it. - Hinds flying to the shores of the new Nemigi in countless quantities and gathering a penny for transport from the saddles. "
As can be concluded, this word means the Minsk Jew, working as an excrement, a "bombing", "free" unprofessional. It is logical to look for his etymology in the language of Yiddish. Linguist Alexander Polyan suggested that it consists of her Cu. - "Hey, you" and "Srolica" (in Ukrainian Idish Srul) - a common Jewish name, decreasing from Israel.
ΣAσtr
Ancient Greek
"Chersonesse oath" is a monument from the territory of the Crimea (under the current Sevastopol), found on the central square of the antique city of Chersonese Tavrichesky in the 1890s. Dated to the beginning of the III century BC. e. This is a marble slab with a long text oath of the Chersoness citizen. Among the understandable oaths ("I do not betray anyone nor Ellin, nor Varvaru," not breaking democracy "," not an idea of \u200b\u200bthe conspiracy "," I will be the enemy of intruders ") there is such:" I will protect SSTER (ΣAσtr) for the people. "
No longer in one Greek text of the old or new time of this word. Literature about Sstern is huge. There are many hypotheses, including very eccentric. Max Fasmere and Lev Yelnitsky, for example, believed that Sustern - Scythian governor of Chersonesos, S. A. Zhebelhev - that this is a sacred subject, for example an idol; V. V. Latyshev (the first publisher of the inscription) - that this is a kind of legal concept, such as a civil oath. To this word, sought parallels in Iranian and other languages. Historical novels appeared, where the sacred sacris sacrifier appeared over the Chersoness coast; In Sevastopol, a festival called "Sstern Chersonese" was held. On the Internet, you can listen to the song with the words "and the Sustern Magic I will find" (with an emphasis on "A") and read poems with a string "ignoring unknown Sustern" (with an emphasis on "E").
But what is something or who is such a "syster", which (which is), Chersonsides should have protected for the people, no one knows. It will be possible to solve this problem only if someday in the Black Sea region there is another inscription with this word.
Celtis
Latin language
Vulgate (Latin Bible Translation made by Holy Jerome) in most publications contains the next edition of the poems 23-24 chapters 19 of the Books Iova:
QUIS MIHI TRIBUAT UT SCRIBANTUR SERMONES MEI? QUIS MIHI DET UT EXARENTUR IN LIBRO STYLO FERREO ET PLUMBI LAMINA, VEL CELTE SCULPANTUR IN SILICE?
("Oh, if the words of my words were recorded! If they were inscribed in the book with an iron cutter with tin, on the eternal time on the stone were cut out!")
Where in Russian translation of the word "for eternal time" (they are in Greek, and in the Jewish text of the Bible; for some reason they missed them), there is a Latin word celte - It can only be an ablative (in this case an analogue of a Russian hardware) from the word celtis, meaning, judging by the context, some kind of tool for stone carving, such as "cutter" or "chisel". Word celtis does not occur, except for the translation of the Bible, nor in one antique text; All its medieval examples depend on vulgate. The word fell into many Latin dictionaries, and in the era of Renaissance, he took him as a name Humanist Konrad Thtchis, whose real last name Bikel means in German "Kirk, Kaylo, Ice Court".
In many of the oldest lists of vulgate at the site of the word celte It is well known cERTE. - "accurately" ( vel Certe Jerome means something like "or"). A number of researchers believed that celte - Full phantom, resulting instead cERTE.. Philologist Max Niederman rehabilitated this word, showed that there is no reason to consider it secondary reading, and led a number of interesting Indo-European parallels to him. That the word meaning the tool did not get into the bulk of Latin texts, only a small part of which is devoted to technical subjects, not surprising.
In the first grade, the average schoolboy knows about two thousand words and teaches further to ten words per day while studying at school. Thus, at the end of study, the average citizen seeks tens of thousands of words. At the same time, we use an average of five thousand words, which constitute a permanent vocabulary.
Importance
It is useful to know intelligent words and their meaning for a conversation with other people. The rich speech helps to attract attention, to interest a person, look better, clearly express thoughts, manage the opinion of the interlocutor and gives many other pleasant bonuses. You can find those who study smart words and their meaning to humiliate opponent and obtaining a sense of superiority. However, such a motivation is not ideal, although a dictionary of smart words really can help you feel better and feel superiority over those who do not own such words.
If we talk about the function that intelligent words are carrying in everyday life, then a saturated speech, knowledge of some values \u200b\u200band their meanings, attract attention. The interlocutor's brain is focused on atypical for everyday speech expressions. Therefore, you start listening to more carefully. As a result, your words are better remembered, and you become interesting, sharp in the language, the interlocutor, with whom it is pleasant to communicate.
In addition, the knowledge of the list of smart words is the status norm for people who communicate with intellectuals, fond of creativity and use mental labor. If you communicate in this area, you must have the appropriate skills. Including it is important to learn how to speak argued and essentially, to supply their own speech by interesting accents and tones, which will help to achieve, including those offered further.
Examples
A priori. Not requiring evidence, understandable and so obtained by experienced.
Biennale. Initially, an art exhibition, in our time it is so called and just a party associated with art. Feature - holding every two years.
Vesicular. Initially, a medical term, which refers to vesicles in the lungs.
Gesheft. The German word is originally related to trade and benefit, and is now used in a similar value, but can also be applied in another, portable, sense.
Dissonance. Initially, the musical term, which indicates a non-harmonic combination of sounds. Now it is often used quite often, including in combination of cognitive dissonance, in which everyone wants to plunge each other. An example of using: "Your illiterate use of smart words contributes to dissonance."
Endow. Cookware for drinking and eating, but also under the endoile implies a kind of chute between the two rods. If the roof has a complex structure, then where two multidirectional skate are connected, it is formed. Not often used in modern speech.
Jamyev. The term close to psychiatry, antonym dejavu. With Jamyev, you are in the usual atmosphere or circumstances in which they were repeatedly used to be, but you feel that it was here for the first time.
Just. To understand, simply associate this word with the word is based.
Indulgence. Earlier in the Catholic Church, a document was sold to the redemption of sins, retail, wholesale and for the milk. Such a product was called indulgence. Now used in a figurative value.
Casus. Initially, the Latin word was relatively recently used in jurisprudence. In general, points to a strange situation, a coincidence that does not depend on the acting persons may also have a positive and negative meaning. Do not notice and step up in the puddle - the incident, but also to meet a good friend also a casus.
Liquidity. Economic term, but now used in everyday life. Indicates your ability to convert assets or private ownership of money.
Manking. Disgusting attitude. For example: "At work, Ivan was manked by his direct responsibilities."
Neologism. Literally with Latin - "New Word". Maybe a new word or word used in a new meaning. Example from the Internet: Like - Fully new neologism.
Orthodox. Greek word, antony, heretic. In the original meaning - a person, loyal teaching, not retreating from the original postulates. Now it can be used in another context.
Puritanism. A peculiar understanding of the purity of views and behavior in society. The characteristic features are moderation, conservatism of views, minimalization of pleasures, claims, needs.
Radicalism. Extreme following views, the use of gross methods for creating changes, more often in social stages.
Maxim. Moraling or wise statement. For example, "After Ivan, the whole evening broke out in the company of friends in deep centsies on the topic of upbringing."
Interpretation. Similar word - interpretation. In general, we are talking about some comments, clarification, look at a certain phenomenon. For example, "his interpretation of the film Lars von Trier differs from generally accepted."
Union. Union form or generalization. Initially political and economic term, but you can use it in other contexts.
Frustration. Feeling when you want to get the desired, but can not achieve the goal.
Head. Creating a positive way of self, intentionally a bright negative attitude towards free glances, exposed to the bottom of virtue, modesty (sometimes religiosity). Although in reality KHANZHA far from the ideals declared out loud.
Time trouble. Lack of time.
Swaggering. Arrogant and dismissive attitude. For example, "the boss, although he kept the distance, was not Chvanily, could normally talk and joke."
Chauvinism. Initially refers to nationalism and is its radical shape. Chauvinists considered their own nation exceptional and best. The term can also be used in another context, but the meaning of an exceptional understanding is preserved.
Scrupte. Following each "chip". Behavior according to regulations or attitude towards something with care and rigor.
Etymology. The area of \u200b\u200bknowledge about the origin and the meaning of words. In order to replenish its own vocabulary, it is useful to study the etymology.
Jurisdiction. The spectrum of authority to whom the state authority has or structure possesses.
Yagdtash. Hunting bag. Now the term is used as a name of a comfortable stylish bag.
Now that you know some smart Russian words and their meaning, you should give an additional advice. You should not use these terms everywhere, as for different situations, various clothes are worn, so for different circumstances use the appropriate styles of communication.
Otherwise, you will look ridiculously, a lot of terms everywhere and inserting them without parsing in all phrases. The beauty of speech is to harmoniously combine words, a gossip pattern from their sound and meaning.
Master the art of competent communication, if desired, will not be difficult. However, it will be equally important to pay attention to such aspects as the right diction, a well-supplied voice and the relevance of the use of certain words.
There are situations where simply applying smart words and terms is not enough, especially if they are used absolutely not to the place and not the topic. To avoid ridiculous attempts to attract the attention of the interlocutor only by insertions of smart words, it is necessary to explore not only the importance of these words, but also their synonyms and antonyms, the correct stagnation, declination and the genus. For example, a common error is considered to use the word "coffee" in the middle way or attempt to transform the word "coat" in a plural.
Another opportunity to show itself a competent interlocutor is the ability to avoid banal, beaten and "brought" expressions. Instead of "good" you can say "sensible", if we are talking about an employee or a colleague as a specialist, instead of "beautiful" - "spectacular", "catchy", if you discuss the appearance of anyone, at least a familiar, even celebrity. With the help of a dictionary, it is possible to choose a synonym almost every word, at the same time understandable to everyone and at the same time quite unusual. This approach undoubtedly will attract attention to you during communication.
Words-parasites can be skipping or replaced. You will learn this not immediately, but stubborn and thoughtful training will help you reach the right effect. Speak slowly, thoroughly thinking your phrases and their logical construction. Gradually, you will definitely master the art of the conversation competently, and it will help you to produce the right impression, and perhaps you will push your taking off the career stairs. Do not underestimate the ability to correctly express your thoughts and the ability to argue your own opinion, such skills can be useful in any situation.