–Н- and –НН- in suffixes of different parts of speech. A13

14.10.2019

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N and NN in all parts of speech

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1956 Rules:

Section 61 Double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives derived from nouns, for example: straw, morbid, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, peculiar, dining, revolutionary, positional.

Note. In the word windy and in its derivatives, one is written n, but in the prefix formations -нн- (windless, leeward) is written.

Suffixed adjectives -yan- (-an-), formed from nouns, are written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.

Adjectives wooden, pewter, glass are written with double n.

The suffix is written with one n -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.

§ 62. Double n written in passive past participles, for example: reports read at the ceremonial meeting; a soldier wounded by an enemy bullet; a collective farm organized in 1930; a detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to the Supreme Soviet.

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or by their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -Owned, -Even(except for chewed and forged), for example: the patient was assigned enhanced nutrition, a volume of Pushkin's selected works was published, a sublime style, an inscribed triangle, aged wine, a trusted person, a temperate climate, refined manners, an abstract question, an absent-minded student, a worn dress, used books, a tear-stained face, a rusty key, a risky step, a spoiled child, a grubby area.

But with one n, you should write adjectives formed from the passive participles of the past tense, if these adjectives do not have a prefix and are not formed from the verbs to -yat, -you, for example: scholarly works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickles, pickled apples, boiled potatoes, dyed fabric.

Words desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

§ 64. Double n written in adverbs on -o and in nouns with suffixes on -ik, -itz, -ost, formed from adjectives, if the latter are written with two n, for example: accidentally, unheard of, agitated, agitated (agitated); confident, confident (confident); good breeding, pupil, pupil (educated); protégé (put); captive (captive); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); root root (root); inherent (inherent).

If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n eg: confused, confused, confused (confused); scholarship, scholarship (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also, with one n, the words silver (in the meaning of a coin) and unmercenary (selfless person) are written.

Section 65. Double n is written in plural. hours and in the feminine and neuter genders. h. short adjectives formed from the passive participles of the past tense, in the full form of which - double n, for example: the groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is educated and smart; they are very distracted.

Brief passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken, the young man was brought up by the Komsomol; the girl is pampered by upbringing; we are limited by time; students are organized into a group.

Self-explanatory sign

The rule is hard enough. We do not recommend studying it on your own. It is better if an experienced teacher explains everything. You can learn how to apply this rule at the courses on our website.

Examples of

Heat n th bow (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovann-, -evann-, derived from the main non-verbal form).

Zazhare nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).

Heat nn onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).

Konservirova nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a letter combination -ovann-).

Bow on fire n(participle in short form).

The territory is limited n and a fence (participle in short form).

These people are immoral and limited. nn s (short adjective derived from participle).

He's preoccupied nn o looked at me (adverb from preoccupied).

Society is preoccupied n about what is happening (participle in short form).

Silver n th knife (absent adjective, suffix -ЯН-).

Carti nn th gallery (one letter H in the root, the other in the suffix).

Celebration nn th meeting (an unnamed adjective with the suffix -ENN-).

Everything was very triumphant nn o (adverb from solemn).

What words need to be remembered (here are exceptions + difficult cases).

One letter H is written in the words:

Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, hotel, hotel, living room, gold-forged, planted father, named brother, windy, finished man, dowry, tricky, disguised, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, red-faced, zealous, pork, chewed, forged, nibbled, dumpling, potato pancake, worker, martyr, toiler, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, carnival, bony, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.

Two letters НН are written in the words:

Glass, pewter, wooden, nameless, desired, sacred, slow, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, unintentional, desperate, cursed, made, arrogant, hammered, cutesy, homegrown, given, decided, bought, government-owned, captive, abandoned, deprived, offended, embarrassed, executed, finished business, defeated, born, baked, unremitting, let go.

ONE AND TWO LETTERS H IN ADJUSTMENT SUFFIXES

According to the textbook by T.A. Ladyzhenskaya

Goals:

Learn about the spelling of the letters n-nn in adjectives;

Learn to write correctly the letters н and нн in adjective suffixes;

Learn to prove your point of view when choosing a spelling.

Lesson Objectives:

Introduce students to the terms of writing n and nn in adjective suffixes;
- Work on developing spelling skills n and nn in adjective suffixes.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Students' definition of the topic of the lesson

Read the words in the table and answer the questions.

lion yin	leather	mornings
hawk	canvas yang	weight enn iy
falcon	clay yang	ordinary
swan	silver yang	straw enn

What are the words in this table?

What part of the word is highlighted in these adjectives?
-How are these suffixes written?

Can we now explain the spelling of these suffixes?

Let's try to define the topic of the lesson. (We write it down in notebooks.)

Define the purpose of the lesson.(Learn about spelling n and nn in adjective suffixes and learn how to write them correctly.)

II. "Tree of Life"

The "tree" is attached to the board and apples hang on magnets on it.

What do you expect from the lesson? Take "apples", continue the phrase:"I want to learn…"and attach them to the tree.

III. Gaining knowledge on a new topic

What part of speech are these adjectives derived from? (The "Formation of adjectives" slide appears on the screen)

How are they formed?

What suffixes are used to form these adjectives?

Formation of adjectives

(The table appears on the screen at the same time as the students' answers.)

Can you now explain when one letter is written in adjective suffixes n, and when nn?

The students answer the question and the output appears on the screen:

Exceptions:

Tin

Wood

Glass nn

Windy (but without + windy)

Buttered (but about + buttered)

Why were these words called exceptions? Remember the spelling of these words!

The following slide appears on the screen:

Formation of adjectives from nouns with a stem in –н.

Why are two letters written in these words n?

Now let's conclude when the letter is written in the suffixes of adjectives–N and when the suffix–N-.)

(In the suffixes -an-, -yan-, -in-, - we meet the letter n , and in adjectives with stems in -н--n-).

IV. Practicing the spelling of one and two letters n in adjective suffixes

(A slide appears on the screen)

The moonlight is silver and long

The willows are crying, the poplars are whispering,

But no one under the shout of a crane

The fatherland of the field will not stop loving.

(S. Yesenin)

Explain the spelling of the highlighted words.

(New slide)

V. Form adjectives from nouns and highlight derivational suffixes.

Lemon - lemon th

Straw - straw enn

Swan - swan different

Station - station

Silver - silver yang

Leather - leather

Vi. Familiarity with adjectives without suffixes

Study of the memo "Remember the words" (each student has a memo on the desk)

Green - mutton

Blue - ruddy

Pork - seal

Scarlet

Vii. Preparing for homework

Pupils are encouraged to look through the slides and choose a phrase for them: adjective + noun. (appendix on the studied topic)

Here are some sample phrases that the students have chosen:

Crane flock, autumn forest, crimson foliage, silver frost, animal footprints, swan fidelity.

Students explain the spelling of the selected adjectives and again make a conclusion about the spelling n and nn in adjective suffixes.

Vii. Summarizing

What you need to know in order to choose the right spelling of letters n or nn in adjectives?

What suffixes are two letters written in nn ?
- What are the words of the exception?

IX. Homework

Make up sentences with selected phrases.

Interactive dictation

Textbook GRAMOTA: spelling

GRAMOTA Tutorial: Punctuation

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Choose the correct answer options. To check the completed task, click the "Check" button.

N / NN in participles and verbal adjectives

The spelling of N or NN in the passive participles is one of those rules that regularly occur in dictations, essays and tests.

First of all, remember the rule: In the suffixes of full passive participles, two letters H are written, for example, SAWED TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter H is written, for example, CUTTING TREES.

But since full passive participles are sometimes very similar to adjectives, in order to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember four conditions under which two letters H are written:

1) the participle has a prefix (except for NOT-), for example, DRIED MUSHROOMS;

2) the participle was formed from a perfect verb, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb SOLVE (what to do? - perfect);

3) the participle has dependent words, for example, DRIED (where?) MUSHROOMS IN THE FURNACE;

4) The participle is formed from the verb using the suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, for example, EXCITED FACE.

If the word does not have any of these features, then it is written with one N.

In addition, there are several words with two letters H, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize the words-exceptions: UNSEEN, UNHEARED, UNEXPECTED, UNEXPECTED, UNEXPECTED, DESIRED, COUGHTED, SACRED, PROSPECTED.

(1) How many H should be written in the participle from the phrase LAST_GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the sacrament has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that you need to write this word with two H: LAUNCHED GARDEN.

(2) How many H should you write in the participle from the phrase BROOCH LOOK? First of all, we look to see if the participle has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, the next step must be taken: to determine the kind of verb from which this participle was formed. BROOCH was formed from the verb THROW (what to do?) This verb is perfective, which means that two letters H must be written in the participle: ABOUT LOOK.

(3) How many H should be written in the participle from the phrase HEAT IN THE OVEN FISH? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: FIRING (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the participle, two letters H must be written: FISH FRIED IN THE OVEN.

(4) How many H do you need to write in the participle from the phrase ASPHALTED HIGHWAY? Since this participle has the suffix -OVA-, it must write two letters H: ASPHALT HIGHWAY.

(5) How many Ns should you write in the word PLATE_AAYA from the phrase PLATE_AYA BASKET? Since it does not have a prefix, there are no dependent words, there are no suffixes -ОВА- or -ЕВА-, and also because it was formed from an imperfective verb PLASTY (what to do?), You need to write one letter H: WICKER BASKET.

“How can I not love him? She said to herself, penetrating into his fright and at the same time delighted glance.

Levin immediately thought about it, but in spite of this, he decided that such views of Sviyazhsky at him were only his innocent assumption ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

Well, the guest is not invited,
Perhaps the father will come in!
I ask you to serve with the young lady in love _n oh!

Weaved scarlet ribbons for her
In two blond braids,
Flowers, outfits brought
Invisible beauty.

Who wants to come to us - if you please;
The door is unlocked for calls and unknowns ...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Parsley, you are always with a new thing,
With a ripped elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

... They demanded from the hostile ministry information about the measures that had been taken in the last decade ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

And that consumptive, kindred to you, the enemy of books,
In the academic committee that settled ...
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

And then she thinks -
God knows why -
That the sky is starry - with sand
Sprinkle _th leaf,
Day and night on the way
Wonderfully sweeter _th carriage ...
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian women")

Levin came to Moscow always agitated, hasty, a little embarrassed and irritated by this embarrassment and, for the most part, with a completely new, unexpected outlook on things.
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

No, in this cut down forest
I won't be lured
Where there were oaks up to heaven
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, "Russian Women")

I drove to the serf ballet in many wagons
From mothers, fathers who reject children ?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Stepan Arkadyevich has already gone downstairs to his room, undressed, washed again, put on a corrugated nightgown and lay down ... (Lev Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill.
About four versts per hour
Zakova is coming.
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian women")

With a disfigured face with passion, pale and with a trembling lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began to pull at the reins ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

Daria Alexandrovna's eyes dashed to this elegant, unseen carriage ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

Finally married his daughter,
He took pride - shish, in the service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

She remembered how she told almost the confession which her husband's young subordinate made to her in Petersburg ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

By lunchtime we arrived: the old cousin of Alexey Alexandrovich ... ... and one young man who recommended Alexey Alexandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

To the pen from the cards? and to the cards from the pen?
And the hour is closer to the ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

I’m running, I don’t look back, I’ll go looking around the world,
Where there is a corner of the offended feeling.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

Stepan Arkadyevich ... in this comic courting ... and went so far that he didn't know how to get out ...
(Leo Tolstoy, "Anna Karenina")

What are the more courteous names of such people?
Tenderer? - he is a secular person,
A notorious swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonich Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

For the fact that he softened the anger of his guest,
I wanted to praise.
(A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit")

You sit there for an hour
Do not oppress _th, cheerful mind
Works meanwhile.
(N. A. Nekrasov, "Russian women")

Spelling H and HH in suffixes

Compare the two sentences:

There were baked apples on the plate .

Apples baked in the oven were on the plate .

In one case, the word baked written with one n, and in the other case - with two n... In order to understand why these words are spelled this way, you need to understand several rules. True, there are quite a few rules and exceptions on this topic.

Н and НН in adjectives and participles

In order to determine how much n you should write in an adjective, first you need to understand from which part of speech it is formed. As a rule, adjectives are formed from nouns, from verbs, or are antiderivatives. Antiderivative adjectives are not derived from any other part of speech. Consider these three groups.

Adjectives derived from nouns

an -, — yang -, — in -.

Examples of: leather, silver, horse

Exceptions: glass, pewter, wooden

In adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes - yenn -, — isn -, — he N -, — ation -, — irovann -.

Examples of: cranberry, feminine, evolutionary, exam, erudite

Exceptions: windy, oily ( but windless)

In adjectives derived from nouns with stems in n using the suffix - n -.

Examples: deep, true

Antiderivative adjectives

Antiderivative adjectives are not derived from any other part of speech. In them n is part of the root. These adjectives use only one letter. n .

blue, young, green, ruddy

For example, in the word rosy root blush, but not room(there is no such root in Russian at all).

society () opinion

What should the dash stand in place?

Full verbal adjectives and participles

There are three conditions when fulfilling any of which in full passive past participle or adjective nn.

1. The participle (or adjective) is formed from the prefixed verb(except for the prefix not- which does not affect the quantity n in a word).

scared, loaded, baked

But: unafraid, uninvited

Exceptions: named (brother; with an emphasis on the second syllable), planted (father; replacing the parent of the groom or bride at the wedding), dowry (this is a noun formed by passing an adjective into the category of nouns), intelligent.

Important: the spelling of verbal adjectives in compound words does not change.

Compare:
frozen (without a prefix, so one is written n) - fresh frozen (with a prefix, so it is written nn)
plain dyed (without a prefix, so one is written n) - plain dyed (with a prefix, so it is written nn)

2. The sacrament has dependent words(except for words meaning the degree of manifestation of a sign: very , very etc.).

a wagon loaded with sand, an apple baked in the oven

3. The participle (or adjective) is formed from the perfect verb .

abandoned (to give up), given (to give), bought (to buy), deprived (to deprive), resolved (to decide)

These three conditions do not cover participles and adjectives without dependent words formed from imperfective verbs without prefixes. There are two rules to which there are many exceptions.

Rule 1. If a participle (or verbal adjective) ends in - oval , — eaten, written nn .

Examples: spoiled, lined, uprooted

But: this rule does not apply if - ov -, — ev- are part of the root (in words chewed, forged, nibbled).

Rule 2. If the adjective is formed using suffixes - yen -, — n- from an imperfect verb without a prefix, in the absence of dependent words, it is written n .

Examples: laden, mowed, melted, baked, frozen, torn, confused, stolen

But: In some adjectives formed from non-prefix imperfective verbs, it is written nn .

Examples: welcome, effective

Short adjectives and participles

The same number of adjectives are written in the short form n, how much and in full form.

significant change ⇒ change is significant

windy girl ⇒ windy girl

educated girl ⇒ girl educated

In short passive participles, one letter is always written n .

The deed has already been done.

Mission accomplished successfully.

Short adjectives and short participles must be distinguished by meaning.

Compare:
His face is agitated (adjective) - The sea is agitated by the wind (participle)
This teacher is always reserved (adjective) - The oath was kept (participle)

Spelling N and NN in different parts of speech

Spelling H and HH in nouns

1. nn written:

1) if the root of the word ends in n, and the suffix begins with n: elder-nick (elder), druzhin-nick (squad), raspberry-nick (raspberry), swindler (purse), aspen-nick (aspen), mountain ash (mountain ash); bezdan-nits-a (dowry), sleepless-nits-a (sleep), ringing-knits-a (ringing), log-knits-a (log);

2) if the noun is formed from an adjective that has nn, or from a participle: soreness (painful), anxiousness (agitated), hryvnia-ik (hryvnia), power of attorney (trusted), cutesy-itza (cutesy), spoiled-ost (spoiled), chosen-ik (chosen), exiled-ik (exiled), konn-itza (equestrian), root-ik (indigenous), larch-itza (deciduous), unintentional (unintentional), educated (educated), public-ik (public), organized ( organized), prisoner-ik (prisoner), sent-ik (sent), privileged (privileged), production-ik (production), millet-ik (millet), handicraft-ik (handicraft), relative-ik (related ), sacred-ik (sacred), semenn-ik (seed), proper-ik (own), modern-ik (modern), consistency (coordinated), nebulousness (foggy).

2. H written in words: scarlet-itza (crimson), varen-ik (boiled), windiness, windy-ik, windy-itza (windy), hotel-itza (living room), wood-ik (wood-burning), hemp-ik (hemp) , smoked-ost (smoked), kostyan-ika (bone), maslen-itza (oiled), ingenuity (tricky), oat-itza (oatmeal), peat-ik (peat), clever-awn (clever) and etc., as well as in the words alsha-nik, omshan-ik.

Spelling Н and НН in the suffixes of abbreviated adjectives (formed from the name of a noun)

1) for adjectives derived from nouns using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: artificial, cranberry, straw, operating, session, station and etc.; here you can also include adjectives formed from nouns for me (time, flame, etc.): temporary, fiery, seed, nominal, tribal etc.

In the adjective windy one is written n , since it is formed not from the noun wind, but from the verb to wind by suffix -n- , which does not contradict the spelling rule n in verbal adjectives: weathered, weathered, weathered- formed from verbs;

2) for adjectives formed from adjectives using a suffix -enn-, indicating a large measure of the sign: tall, hefty, wide and etc;

3) in adjectives derived from nouns based on n(second -n- adjective suffix): long (length), true (true), millionth (million), antique (antiquity), canvas (canvas) and etc.

Type adjectives ram, carp, seal written with one n , since they are derived from nouns with stems in n by adding a suffix - j - .

Words spicy, ruddy, young written with one n (non-derivative adjectives); in words derived from them, one n is also written: spice, rosy, blush, youth(but: yunnat, since this word is formed from the combination young naturalist).

2. H is written for adjectives formed from nouns with suffixes -in-, -an-, -yan- : pigeon(pigeon), goose(goose), chicken, eagle, swan, leather(leather), sandy(sand), cereous(wax), linen(canvas), silver, wood-fired and etc.

Exceptions: glass, pewter, wooden.

It is necessary to distinguish between adjectives, the spelling of which depends on their meaning:

but) windy- "accompanied by the wind, with the wind" (windy weather), "frivolous" - transfer. (windy girl, youth); wind- "driven by the force of the wind" (wind turbine, pump, mill); in combination with chickenpox, the adjective has a suffix -yan- , cf .: chickenpox- razg .;

b) buttered- "soaked in oil, oiled, soiled with oil" ( butter pancakes, porridge, hands), transl. ( oily eyes, oily voice, also: oil week - carnival); oil- "for oil, from oil, in oil" ( butter biscuits, oil paint, oil engine, pump etc.); Wed: oil bottle("Intended for oil") and butter bottle("Stained with oil");

in) silver plated- "silver-plated, silver-plated" (silver-plated spoon); silver- "made of silver" (silver spoon);

G) salty- "containing salt" (salted fish); saline- "consisting of salt" ( saline mine, saline pillar). In combination saline acid suffix for the adjective -yan- .

Spelling N and NN in verbal adjectives and participles

Full forms

Are written with nn suffixes of full forms of passive past participles: -nn- and -ynn- (-enn- ). Adjectives correlating with them in form are written in some cases, too, with nn in the suffix, in others - with one n .

1. Written with nn participles and adjectives in -souched, -sweets, -sweets(formed from verbs in - to eat, - to eat), For example: spoiled, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted, lined, reorganized.

2. Also written with nn communion not on -owned (-dewed, -evan) verbs perfect kind and adjectives related to them; the vast majority of such verbs contain a prefix.

a) Examples of forms formed from prefixed verbs: bleached, washed, tied, toasted, painted, dyed, peeled, cursed, dyed, counted, untangled, made.

b) The list of forms of primordially non-prefixed verbs, as well as some verbs, the prefix in which can be distinguished only etymologically: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captive, forgiven, let go, decided, seized, revealed; met, undertaken, offended, acquired, obliged, visited, supplied.

Forms are also written according to this rule. two-species(meaning both perfect and imperfect) verbs to marry, bequeath, promise, execute, give birth: crowned, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.

Exceptions. Are written with one n adjectives correlated with participial forms as part of the following stable combinations: a goner, a named brother, a named sister, a planted father, a planted mother, Forgiven Sunday .

3. The sacraments are not on -owned (-watched, -watched) verbs imperfect(they are formed only from non-prefixed verbs) and adjectives related to them are written differently: participles with nn , adjectives - with one n , For example: wagons laden with wood, fish fried in oil, oil painting, hair cut by a hairdresser and short-cropped hair, green-dyed benches, a floor that has not been swept for a long time, walls not yet whitewashed, a few money already, an offer made many times; but: loaded barge, fried fish, written beauty, bobbed hair, painted benches, swept floor, whitewashed walls, a matter of minutes, pretended indifference; similarly knitted and knitted, ironed and ironed, braided and braided, peeled and peeled; are also written: chewed and chewed, pecked and nibbled, forged and forged.

According to this rule, the forms of two-species verbs are written concussion, baptize and hurt... Wed: a shell-shocked soldier, a seriously wounded soldier, a soldier wounded in the leg, a newly baptized baby, but: shell-shocked commander, wounded soldier, baptized child.

As you can see from the examples, the participle is recognized by the presence of dependent words. There are, however, rare cases when the dependent word is not a sign of the participle. For example, you should write: his antennae are clearly dyed (clearly artificial where is the word clearly used with an adjective); walls, previously whitewashed, are now covered with green paint (walls, used to be white).

In words with the prefix not-, in compound words and in some combinations? Repetitions, the forms of participles and adjectives are written in the same way as in a separate (without a prefix and not as part of a compound word or combination-repetition) use .

1. Words with a prefix not- :

Are written with nn : uneducated, unaligned, untested, unfinished, unbought, unforgiven ;

Are written with n : unbleached, unplowed, uninvited, unbroken, unfed, unpainted, unmeasured, unpaved, unplowed, unbidden, uncounted.

2. Compound words:

Are written with nn : highly skilled, solid stamped, acquired, freshly painted, purposeful, born blind, insane;

Are written with n : plain dyed, homespun, finely chipped, self-styled, badly wounded, one-piece .

3. Combinations-repetitions with a prefix re- in the second part, which have an amplifying meaning. In them, the second part is written in the same way as the first (with nn or n ), For example:

Are written with nn : pledged-re-pledged, resolved-re-resolved ;

Are written with n : patched-patched, washed-erased, repaired-re-re-read, read-re-read, darned-re-darned.

Exceptions. Are written with nn instead of n :

a) adjectives desired, awaited and (as part of stable combinations) Have you seen anything ?; Is it a heard thing? They are formed from imperfective verbs wish, wait and see, hear .

Special cases: adjectives put on spilled sea; they are formed from the prefixed imperfective verbs put on, pour, i.e. from verbs with the suffix — wa- that naturally do not form the passive participles of the past tense;

b) adjectives with a prefix un-: unknown, unseen, unexpected, unwanted, unexpected, unwanted, unexpected, unheard of, unexpected and (as part of a stable combination) unsleeping eye;

c) complex adjectives long-awaited, homebrew and (as part of a proper name) Andrew the First-Called.

The second parts of these prefixed and compound adjectives also correspond to imperfective verbs.

Short forms

Short forms of passive past participles are written with one n , For example: read, read, read, read; read, read, read, read; marked, marked, marked, marked; tagged, tagged, tagged, tagged... Forms of the neuter gender in impersonal use are also written, for example: smoky, dirty, ridden, hogged, holed-over, hosed-over .

Short forms (except for the masculine form) adjectives with a qualitative meaning, which coincide in form with the passive participles of the past tense of the perfective verbs, written with nn , For example: educated, educated, educated(from adjective educated‘Discovering the results of good parenting’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled(from adjective spoiled‘Accustomed to fulfilling his whims’); sublime, sublime, sublime(from adjective exalted‘Full of high content’). Such adjectives have comparative forms: more educated, more spoiled, more sublime.

Compare the following examples in pairs with short participles and adjectives: She was raised by a distant relative . – She has good manners, she is well-mannered. She is spoiled by good conditions – She is moody and spoiled.

Short forms of adjectives on-nny written with one n if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form. Examples: attached to someone‘In affection’ - She is very attached to him; full of something‘Full, imbued’ - The soul is filled with sorrow; heard about something‘Knowledgeable’ - We've heard a lot about his antics.

Some adjectives have differently spelled short forms in different meanings. For example, different spellings of short forms of the word devotee: She is kind and loyal and She is dedicated... In the first example devotee Is the same adjective as well-mannered, spoiled, sublime, it has a comparative degree more devoted; in the second - the same as tied, fulfilled, heard(requires dependent words: someone, anything).

Short forms of adjectives, expressing various emotional states, can be written with n or with nn depending on the transmitted shades of the value. For example: She is excited(she gets excited) - Her speech is agitated(her speech reveals, expresses excitement). In the first case, it is also possible to write excited(which would emphasize that her appearance expresses excitement), and in the second case, the spelling excited impossible (since speech cannot ‘feel agitated’).

In difficult cases of distinguishing between such short forms, you should refer to the academic "Russian spelling dictionary".

Short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with the participles on -nn are written with n or nn depending on the value. Adjectives expressing signs that can manifest themselves to a greater or lesser degree, i.e. forming forms of a comparative degree, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with nn ; adjectives that do not allow forms of a comparative degree in meaning have short forms with one n , For example:

well-bred, -no, -nnna; comfortable, -no, -nny; self-confident, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -no; purposeful, -no, -no(there are comparative forms more well-mannered, more comfortable, more self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);

interconnected, -no, -y; interdependent, -no, -y; generally accepted, -no, -y; contraindicated, -no, -y(no forms of comparative degree).

Short forms of adjectives with a qualitative meaning, the full forms of which are transmitted in writing with one n , are written in the same way as complete. For example: done, done, done(from made‘Unnatural, forced’); confused, confused, confused(from confused‘Illogical, confusing’); scientist, scientist, scientists(from scientist‘Well-informed’). The forms of the comparative degree are also written ( more done, more confused, more learned) and adverbs on -O (done, confused, learned).

Such adjectives are few and far between; the vast majority of participle-related adjectives in -th do not have a qualitative value; such are boiled, boiled, soaked, dried, chiseled etc.

SPELLING N-NN IN ADVANCED SUFFIXES

Adverbs in -O , formed from adjectives and passive participles, are written with a double n or one n - depending on how the corresponding adjective or participle is spelled.

Are written with nn : unintentionally, unheard of(from unintentional, unheard of), agitated, agitated (excited), confidently;

Are written with n : confused (confused), confusion, confusion(from confused), scholar (very scholarly expressed), windy (it's windy outside today).

N and NN in participles

Passive past participles are formed using suffixes
-nn - / - enn-, therefore, when writing them, they are often confused with verbal adjectives, making characteristic mistakes. For the correct use of n and nn in participles, you must remember:

Two letters n are written in suffixes of full passive past participles.

One n in participles it is written only in cases where the participle is used in a short form.

table Spelling features n and nn in participles

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Н and НН in suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives

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From the lesson "N and NN in the suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives" you will learn new rules of the Russian language for you. To spell a word correctly, you will need to answer a series of questions. The answer to each of them will help you quickly decide how to write the suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives correctly.

Repetition. Spelling of one and two letters H in adjective suffixes formed from nouns

In order to remember this rule, consider the following poem:

I write in nominal NN

I'm on the junction of two morphemes

Or in suffixes - he N-/-enn-,

And also in the words of the window,

To each of us familiar:

Wood, tin and of course glass.

IN -in-, —an-, —yang-

Only one thing H I'll write -

Spelling algorithm Н or НН in participles and verbal adjectives suffixes

1. See if the word has a suffix -ova- or - Eve-.

- if such a suffix there is write nn

ballnn th

risknn th

Note. In words chewed, forged-ёva- and -ova- are part of the root.

- if such a suffix No see next point

2. See if the word contains prefix (except prefixes not- and semi-).

- if the prefix there is write nn

chew nn th

kova nn th

The prefix itself not- does not affect the spelling of one or two letters H in suffixes, but there may be another prefix in the word. For example, in the word not about chewed there are two prefixes ( not- and pro), so in this case two letters are written in the suffix H .

- if prefixes No see next point

3. See if the word has dependent words, that is, those words to which you can ask questions, for example:

- if dependent words there is write nn

- if dependent words No check if the word is in the exclusion word lists, which always contain one or two H

Two letters are always written H in words:

One letter is always written H in words:

pisa n oh beauty

finish n th man

simpler n th sunday

If points 1–3 of the algorithm gave a negative answer, and your word was not in the lists of exclusion words, you need to start a deeper check.

4. Look at which verb the word is derived from.

imperfect write one letter n

scrap n line(from imperfective verb break)

- if it is derived from a verb perfect kind write nn

purchased toys(from the perfect verb buy)

Word wounded (wounded) can be written with one or two letters H ... If this is an adjective, then it is written with one n , and if a participle, then it is written with two. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the meaning of the word.

Adjective wounded denotes permanent mark of quality and the participle wounded denotes temporary sign... For example:

The wounded soldiers chatted and joked.

In this case wounded- this is an adjective, denotes a constant feature, the quality of a noun soldiers.

Being wounded, the soldier remained in the ranks for another half hour.

In this case wounded- this participle, denotes a temporary sign.

Note:

- in combinations of type ironed-ironed, worn-worn one letter is written n since these words are considered adjectives.

- in compound words formed from verbal adjectives and participles, the same number of letters is written n how many in the original words:

freshly frozen n th and freshly frozen nn th

- in nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, the same number of letters is also written n how many in the original words:

brought up nn uk

elect nn uk

slower nn O

colder n oh

smoked n awn

N and NN in short participles and short adjectives

Short participles always have one letter H... In short adjectives formed from verbs, two letters H. For example:

Children raised n s father.

In this case brought up Is a short participle.

Children raised nn s and image nn NS.

In this case brought up and educated- short verbal adjectives.

How to distinguish between a short participle in front of us or a short adjective? It is necessary to recall the morphological characteristics of these two parts of speech. The participle expresses a sign as a result of an action. The short form of the participle can be replaced with a verb combination. For example:

The children were raised by their father. – The children were raised by their father.

And a short adjective can only be replaced with a full one. It denotes the quality of the item:

Children are well-mannered and educated... (And also smart, beautiful, talented)

Before us are short adjectives.

asphaltnn th road- in a word asphalt there is a suffix -ova-, so it is written nn;

glass nn th veranda- in a word glazed there is a prefix per-, so it is written nn;

more beautiful n th bench- word dyed derived from the verb paint, this is an imperfect verb, so we write one letter n;

more beautiful nn th mistress- in a word without makeup there is a prefix not-, but after this prefix there is still a prefix on the-, so we write two letters n;

bench painted yesterday- at the word dyed there is a dependent word ( yesterday), so we write nn.

Bibliography

Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade". Tutorial. - 13th ed. - M .: Bustard, 2009.
Baranova M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade". Tutorial. - 34th ed. - M .: Education, 2012.
“Russian language. Practice. 7th grade". / Ed. Pimenova S.N. - 19th ed. - M .: Bustard, 2012.
Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. “Russian language. 7th grade. At 3 o'clock. " 8th ed. - M .: Mnemosina, 2012.

Homework

Cut vegetables, improvised performance, uninvited guest, beautiful hair, missed chance, grapes pressed by hands

The grasses sown in the fallow field have sprouted well. The harvesting of the sowing grasses has begun. The table for the invited guests was covered with an elm tablecloth. There were not many guests invited for the evening, only close friends showed up. The city was improved with asphalt and cobblestone roads. It was difficult to drive along the feeble road.

The dress is made of smoothly dyed fabric. Fresh frozen meat delivered. Among the museum's treasures was a precious golden casket.

All the attention of the audience is focused on the development of the action of the play. The student's face is serious and focused. The aspirations of our youth are higher. Many ordinary people were exalted by Peter 1. The area is bounded by mountains. Gogolevskaya Korobochka was very limited. The sea is agitated by a strong wind. The face of the young man is excited.

N and NN in participles
and verbal adjectives

if participles are formed from prefixed verbs: the manuscript was read, the picture pasted on, the painted fence, the path traveled, the watched film;

if the participles have a dependent word with them: a recently mown meadow, three years ago, a painting painted, a roof painted by a painter, a cobblestone road;

if the participles are formed from non-prefixed perfective verbs: thrown (to throw), yes (to give), executed (to execute), purchased (to buy), deprived (to deprive), captive (to capture) ...

if adjectives are formed from imperfect verbs (without prefixes, without the suffixes -ovann-, -ёvann-): bleached house (bleached is an imperfective verb), mad dog, boiled potatoes, black steel , feathered bayonet, dried berry;

if the adjectives do not have a dependent word with them: painted floor (but: floor painted with oil paint), cargo barge (but: barge loaded with sand).

Note. The distinction between passive participles and verbal adjectives in some cases is carried out not only by the presence or absence of prefixes and dependent words, but also by meaning. For example, in phrases that ‘baked oven and melted fat, the signs, denoted by the words‘ melted and melted fat, have different properties: in the first case, the verb meaning is preserved (there is a time limit), that is, the definition is expressed by the participle; in the second case, a constant sign is named (cf. also: baked milk, baked butter), that is, the definition is expressed by an adjective. A semantic difference is also observed in such sentences: Being wounded, the commander still gave orders (the word being introduces a temporary meaning into the form wounded, thereby strengthening its verb). - Soldiers appeared at the edge of the forest, carrying out their killed and wounded comrades (the sign is indicated by an adjective).

In short passive participles, as opposed to full participles, N is written, in short verbal adjectives, as in abbreviated participles, NN is written:

with a short participle, there is (or is thought of) a noun in the form of an instrumental case with the meaning of a doer; Wed: The territory near the new house is not yet well-organized (communion). - The area around the new house was small, uncomfortable nn a (adjective); Sons were always lucky, and they were spoiled by fate (sacrament). - The sons were capricious and spoiled (adjective); Article read on tape (participle). - The girl was musical and well-read nn a (adjective); The population was agitated and reported on the radio. - The sea today is excited about;

short passive participles are used in constructions with a dependent infinitive: The student intends to answer the question; with a dependent addition: Athletes were confident of victory; (but: The basketball players' shots were accurate and sure - no padding).

Note 1. Some verbal adjectives in a short form are written with n (if they are formed from prefixed verbs, which brings them closer to participles): Her eyes were crying (compare: teary eyes); His coat was worn (worn coat).

Note 2. In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, as many n are written as there were in the producing base: brought up nn ik (educated), elected nn ik (chosen), sacred nn ik (sacred th), staged nn ik (stuck) (about the formation of the word “protégé” see “Suffixes of adjectives formed from verbs”, pr. 1), vare nik (brewed), smoked (smoked ), muchnik (flour), ice cream (from the adjective ice cream - freeze); organized to enter (organized), confused to answer (confused), surprised to look (surprised).

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Spelling -Н- and -НН- in the suffixes of different parts of speech

This task requires knowledge of the ways of forming words!

Clue. You can find information about them in task B1.

Rule.

The rule is divided into three parts depending on the part of speech.

Complete adjectives and participles.

Remember! Both parts of speech in the initial form answer the question: which?

Remember!

neozhidaNNth

slowerNNth

countryNNth

holyNNth

chwaNNth

checkNNth

wishingNNth

okayNNth

AffairsNNth

nevidaNNth

unheardHNy

inadvertentlyNNth

nezhdaNNth

bad luckHNy

pressNNth

next toHth

straightHth

ZeleHth

swiHOh

barHui

siHui

blushHth

scarletHth

YuHth

smarterHth

nameHth (brother)

more soHth (father)

Distinguish!

Short adjectives and participles.

To cope with this part of the rule, you need to know the signs of each of the parts of speech.

Nouns and adverbs.

In adverbs, as much H is written as in the words from which they were formed:

looked beshe? o - beshe? th (see part number 1 of the rule: formed from the verb infuriate imperfect form, without the prefix and suffixes -OVA / -EVA = mad = mad)

Remember!

Before you apply the rule, see if this word is an exception! These include:

mosheNNuk truerHuk

tribeNNuk giveHoh

stavleNNuk

YesNNuk

lawlessnessNNitza

Algorithm of actions.

1. Determine what part of speech are words in which -Н- or -НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.

2. Remember if this word is an exception.

3. Think from what word the words being parsed are derived.

4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.

Analysis of the task.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which НН is written?

His manners were not distinguished by simplicity, but were sophisticated (1) s. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and feeble (2) streets, people were always darting about. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underweight (3) a.

1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4) 1

Manners (what are?) Sophistication (1) s. This is a short adjective as it can be replaced with the full form sophistication ... th... Determine the spelling of the full form: sophistication ... th derived from the verb find, in which there is a prefix from-. Thus, we write two NNs both in full and in short form.

Inferior to (2) th (what?) Streets... This is a complete adjective derived from an imperfective verb pave... The prefix does not affect the spelling, there are no suffixes -ОВА / -ЕВА, and there are no dependent words either. We write one N.

The car is underused (3) but (what has been done?)... This is a short participle, as it can be replaced with a verb underloaded... One N. is written in short participles.

Thus, the correct option is answer # 4.

Practice.

1. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which НН is written?

The house stood somewhat apart from the forest; its walls here and there were renewed (1) with fresh woods, windows painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, adorned (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin.

So, first it is necessary to determine from which part of speech the adjective is formed, since it can be an abusive adjective, that is, formed from the name of a noun, and a verbal - formed from a verb.

Rule I. Н-НН in adjective suffixes derived from nouns

1. One letter n is written:

an, yang, in:leather - leather an oh, clay - clay yang oh, nightingale - nightingale in th; an exception: in words trees yann oh, tins yann oh, glass yann th two letters are written n;
in primitive adjectives, or primordial adjectives: scarlet n oh, one n th, Zele n oh, beautiful n oh, swi n oh si n oh, straight n oh, ruddy n th, th n th. In these adjectives, the letters n is part of the root.

2. Two letters n are written:

in adjectives derived from nouns stemming from n and me by suffix n: seed - seed n oh, lemon - lemon n th.

In the adjective semen n Oh two suffixes - yen and n, so two letters are written in the word n... In a word lemon n th one letter n will refer to the root and the second n- to the suffix, so it will also contain two letters n.

Note: adjective nameless derived from noun name, combined only with the word finger (unnamed yann th finger); with other words, for example, station, height, hero, etc., the adjective nameless is used (unnamed yeonn th height);

in adjectives derived from nouns using suffixes onn-yenn: celebration - celebrations yenn th, lecture - lecture he N th; an exception: in a word the wind yen th one letter is written n, but in the prefix formations two letters will already be written n: without the wind yenn th, about the wind yenn th, about the wind yenn th, etc.

Regulation II. Н-НН in adjective suffixes formed from verbs

One letter n is written:

in adjective suffixes formed from imperfective verbs: smoke - smoked yen th sausage, dry - sluggish yen th fish; an exception: in words Affairs nn oh, wishing nn oh, press nn oh, slow yenn oh, nevida nn oh, not guess nn oh, not a dozen n oh, nezda nn oh, unheard nn oh, inadvertently nn oh, priest yenn th, chwa nn oh, check nn th spelled two n, despite the fact that these words are formed from imperfective verbs, as well as in words planting yen th(father or mother), name n th(brother or sister), smart yen th.

The question is asked from the verb: smoke(what to do?) is an imperfective verb, so the formed verb adjective will be written with one n - smoked yen th sausage.

Two letters n are written:

in adjective suffixes formed from perfective verbs: say - skaz nn th word, buy - buy yenn tickets; an exception: in a word wounds yen th one letter is written n, in prefixed formations - two: from wounds yenn th, on wounds yenn th.

The question is asked from the verb: say (what to do?) Is a perfective verb, so the formed verbal adjective will be written with two n - tale nn th word;

in suffixes hovann evann full and short forms of adjectives formed from verbs: excite - excite nn th actress, actress vozvolnova nn a, organize - organize nn students, students are organized nn NS ; an exception: in words chew n oh, bite n oh, kova n th one letter is written n, So ova-eva are part of the root, not part of the suffixes hovann evann, but in prefix formations two letters will be written n: about chew nn th , is bite nn th, under kova nn th.

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of different parts of speech

A13. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which one H is written?

The skilfully executed (1) kova (2) girders (3) grids of St. Petersburg are one of the city's adornments.

1) 1,2 2) 2 3) 2, 3 4) 1, 3

A bit of theory

Despite the fact that the codifier speaks of one and two letters H in the suffixes of various parts, in control measuring materials we will also deal with words in which the spelling of two H is due to the fact that the first of the letters is part of the root (stem), and the second is the suffix -H- or part of the suffix starting with H.

Adjectives:

1) Adjectives with suffixes -an-, -yan-, -in- written with one -n-: clay yang, silver yang, chicken. Exceptions: glass yann, tin yann, wood yann.

2) Adjectives with suffixes -onn-, -enn- written with two -n-: aviation, related... An exception: windy, oily.

3) In adjectives formed from the stem on -n by suffix -n-, written two -n-: picture (picture n-a + n th).

Participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

Two letters -n- are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

1) if they have a prefix: sun groin nn th, from vare nn th(but: a thinking boy, called a brother);

2) if they have dependent words: vare nn aya on milk ;

3) if the word has suffixes -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: pickled, asphalt;

4) if the word is formed from a non-prefixed perfective verb (except wounded): bereft;

In short participles, one is written -n-, and in adjectives - two (except for the masculine singular form). It is necessary to distinguish between full and short forms of passive past participles with suffixes -enn- and -nn- and adjectives derived from verbs. Compare:

brought up, participle from the verb "educate"; short form: raised, raised, raised, raised and brought up, adjective; short form: educated, educated, educated, educated.

How to distinguish? It is possible within the meaning, but it is easier to try to substitute the word ‘ more’: Masha was raised by her grandmother and Masha is well-mannered, polite and smart. As you can see, in the first case, the substitution of the proposed word is inappropriate, and in the second, it is quite real. In addition, passive participles require the presence (at least on a subconscious level) of an indication of who performed the action indicated in the participle.

Writing one or two letters -n- in complex adjectives obeys the general rule: plain dyed (paint, imperfect species); plain dyed (paint, perfect view).

Adverbs, formed from adjectives with two -n- are also written with two -n-: went organized by nn about.

In nouns formed from adjectives, participles and verbal adjectives, write as many -n-, how many were in the manufacturing base: pupil ( from ‘ educated’), martyr ( from ‘ tortured’) .

Two - n- written in all words formed from stems on -n, with a suffix starting with -n: foamy (pe n-a + n-th), hexagon (six + face n b + n ik).

Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives and participles

First you need to understand in what form there is an adjective:

Then you need to figure out from what part of speech the word is formed: from noun or from verb.

lion - lion
salt - hydrochloric
leather - leather

! Glass
tin
wood

revolution - revolutionary
foliage - deciduous

BUT!
young, ruddy,
pork, spicy,
drunk, filthy,
green, blue.

The words also belong to the antiderivatives: single, pheasant, raven, ram, carp, seal, peacock, crimson, zealous, dun.

1. without prefix

frozen catfish (from freezing)

2. dependent word

ice cream mom catfish

3.suf. ova, eva, irova

! forged, chewed, nibbled

! desired, unintentional, unexpected, unexpected

Problems and tests on the topic "Spelling" n "and" nn "in adjectives and participles"

Communion Spelling - Communion Grade 7

In order to understand when one letter is written in a word, and when two letters "n", you need to know from which part of speech this word is formed.

So, if the word is derived from a noun, then we pay attention to the suffixes and stem.

If a word is formed from a verb, then we pay attention to the prefix, the dependent word, the kind of verb from which the word is formed, and to the suffixes -ova, -eva, -irova.

If we are talking about the spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives and participles, it is necessary to take into account the form of the word - full or short.

Alphabet truths