Music grades Dynamic shades. Dynamic shades: definition, species and descriptions, features

The most important thing in the layout of the vocal is the right breathing. It is from him that the training of professional singing begins, which serves as a conductor into a huge world of the scene. It is from the correct breathing that the performance of the song begins, because it is a support on which the entire artist's vocal technique is being held.

During singing you need to follow the position of the body. Neck should not be tense and stretched forward. We must be in a state of comfort, we relax slightly. During singing, only stomach and aperture works.
Our word in speech, or in singing, should be clear for pronunciation, expressive and loud enough to hear in the last row of the auditorium.
Good dictation is needed, that is, a clear, clear pronunciation of words, and the mouth cavity is helped by us as part of the voice apparatus that form the sounds of speech.
The articulation apparatus includes: mouth cavity (cheeks, lips, teeth, tongue, jaws, sky, throat, larynx). It must be remembered that the mouth cavity is a very important resonator (a movable resonator, from the "architecture" of which the sound quality depends). The first condition of the articulation apparatus is natural and activity.
It is important to note that all work on the vocal work, of course, implies continuous simultaneous work on the purity of intonation, over a singing breathing, over the design of the sound, i.e. on the articulation, above the diction, over a high singing position and over the audience, with dynamic shades . Depending on the age of students and their vocal data, it is possible and you need to work on the rubber voice, over the resonation of sound. All these vocal and technical skills are purchased and work out both when combing, at the vocal exercises, and when working on works and are combined into a single expression - vocal work.

In music, the volume of the volume is called dynamic shades. Thus, the speaker is the power of music.
In life, we are not talking on one volume. Usually, when we want to say something important, we strengthen the flow of votes - we speak louder and in music, the most important words in particular in the song are pronounced louder. Various volume of sound volume in music is called dynamic shades. They have a huge expressive meaning.
Dynamics - from the Greek word Dynamicos - power, that is, the power of the sound. That is, each musical work has its own dynamic development. The power of sound is gradually growing, and then gradually decreases. It is in music and is called the use of dynamic shades and phrasing, i.e., as a conventional spoken phrase has its own logic - something is pronounced louder, and something quieter.

Phrazovka is a division of a musical work on phrases. In turn, the phrase is every small relatively completed musical circulation. Phrases are separated from one another cesury (breathing, pause, loftpause). The phrase should be performed in one breath, but at our vocal imperfection phrases are often divided into 2 parts. The length of the phrase depends on the "length" of the breath of the artist.
Music phrase should be felt. The phrase is determined by the logic of the development of musical thought. Frazing is applied in order to disclose the content of one or another product. For the performer, the ability to correctly pass the author's thought, emphasize and allocate shades, properly dispose of accents, and in general, to achieve marginal expressiveness and exposure to listeners - that's what it means to phrase.
Traditional phrazing is when the culmination of the word, phrases, the population, or the whole product coincides with the highest and long notew. Then the phrase is easy to sing, execute, make expressive.
The means to achieve this art include:

1) Breathing,
2) Clear articulation, diction
3) execution of an absolutely accurate rhythmic pattern,
4) precisely desposed, the right size,
5) Proper Pause (Cesur),
6) additional breathing, backlash pauses,
7) the elongation of some kind of shares,
8) Compliance with tempo notation: Accelerando - Acceleration, AdLibitum or Rubato - Free, Ritenuto -Fornet, Staccato, SFORZando, Marcato, Portamento,
9) Fermata applies,
10) ownership of the art of branch (smooth transition from P to f).

Consider more of these means of expressiveness.
Breathing: It is the most important means of expressiveness. Depending on the nature of the executable product, the character of breathing is also changing: alive, bright, fast writs and breathing should be easier.
You can train a long breathing and easily sing 2 phrases in one breath, but it does not need, it should not be an end in itself and interferes with expressiveness. Breathing has the value of punctuation marks. Inhalation you can show or reject the design of the literary phrase, its semantic content.
Farmats are allowed if they do not disturb the melodic and rhythmic structure of the phrase.

Pause is also a means of expressiveness. Pause between phrases are designed to share musical thoughts. After a severe pause, the previous episode completes, gives the listener to feel, realize, feel it, and on the contrary, the pause prepares a new episode, it allows the performer to prepare, restructure, focus on the upcoming episode. There are works written without pauses, simply each phrase ends with a long note or two foulped notes. In this case, the performer has the full right to pauses between phrases, take a breath due to shortening the last long note.
A pause bears a large semantic load - this is also inexpensive, and the question, impulse or meditation. It is impossible to excessively cut or lengthen the pauses so as not to break the harness of the work form.
The breathing pickup is often used, the backlash, i.e., very short, fast, imperceptible breathing, imperceptible to the listener, so as not to lose musical thought, because the pause is part of musical thought.

Milling - dynamic sound shade, also refers to means of expressiveness. It gives execution a subtle variety. (Soft transition from P to ff back).
Portamento is an easy draw, a soft transition from sound to sound, refreshes the phrase, makes poetic paint, gives something new, unexpected, but should be applied with taste, to the place, and otherwise this nuance loses its meaning.
Dickey - helps to form a phrase, identify the music of words.

You must be able to join focus. Accent - happens:
1) grammatical, (one or another syllable, its longitude or shortness is distinguished),
2) accent writing (acute emphasis, blow, severe emphasis),
3) focus logical (logical stress),
4) accent Patestical (climax, wave to syllable),
5) focus National (peculiar pronunciation of some letters)

Musical terms, which determine the volume of the volume of the music execution, are called dynamic shades (from the Greek word Dynamicos - power, that is, the power of the sound). In the notes you, of course, saw such icons: PP, P, MP, MF, F, FF, Dim, Cresc. All this is to reduce the names of dynamic shades. See how they are written completely, pronounced and translated: PP - Pianissimo "Pianissimo" - very quiet; P - Piano "Piano" - quietly; MP - MEZZO Piano "Mezzo Piano" - moderately quietly, slightly louder than Piano; MF - MEZZO Forte "Mezzo Forte" - moderately loudly, louder than mezzo piano; F - Forte ("Forte" - loud; FF - Fortissimo "Fortissimo" - very loud.
Sometimes, much less often, in the notes you can meet such designations: PPP (Piano-Pianissimo), RRRR. Or FFF, (Fort-Fortissimo), FFFF. They mean very, very quiet, barely audible, very, very loud. SF - SFORZANDO (SFORTODO) sign indicates the selection of some sheet music or chord. Very often found in notes and such words: dim, diminuendo (Diminurendo) or an icon indicating a gradual weakening of sound. Cresc. (Krefezto), or icon - indicate, on the contrary, that you need to gradually enhance the sound. Before designating Cresc. Sometimes Poco A Poco is placed (Poko A) - little, gradually, gradually, gradually. Of course, these words are found in other combinations. After all, it is gradually possible not only to strengthen the sound, but also to relax it, speed up or slow down. Instead of Diminuendo, sometimes writing Morendo (Maurendo) - hazardous. Such a definition means not only a quiet, but also slowing down the pace. Approximately the same meaning has the word smorzando (Cryorzando) - downhill, having fading, weakening the sonority and slowing down the pace. You probably have repeatedly heard the "November" play from the "Seasons" Tchaikovsky cycle. She has a subtitle "On Troika". It starts not very loud (MF). A simple melody similar to the Russian folk song. It grows, rumbles, and now sounds powerfully, loud (F). The next musical episode, more alive and graceful, imitates the sound of roadballs. And then against the background of the unprecedented ring of Bubentsov, the melody of the song appears again - then quiet (P), then the approaching and again disappearing away, gradually inspective.

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In the previous article, we looked at the concept of tempo as means of expressiveness in music. You also learned the options for the rate. In addition to the pace, the volume of the musical work sound is of great importance. Volume - a powerful means of expressiveness in music. The pace of work and its volume complement each other, creating a single picture.

Dynamic shades

The speaker volume of the sound of music is called a dynamic tint. Immediately draw attention to the fact that various dynamic shades can be used within one music work. Below you cite a list of dynamic shades.

Consider the examples of the interaction of volume and tempo. Marsh, most likely, will sound loud, clearly, solemnly. Romance will sound not very loud, in a slow or middle pace. With a lot of probability, in the romance we will meet a gradual acceleration of the pace and an increasing volume. Less often, depending on the content, it is possible to gradually slow down the tempo and reduce the volume.

Outcome

In order to fulfill the music, you need to know the designation of dynamic shades. You saw what signs and words are used for this in notes.

Dynamic shades

Musical terms, which determine the volume of the volume of the music execution, are called dynamic shades (from the Greek word Dynamicos - power, that is, the power of the sound). In the notes you, of course, saw such icons: PP, P, MP, MF, F, FF, Dim, Cresc. All this is to reduce the names of dynamic shades. See how they are written completely, pronounced and translated: PP - Pianissimo "Pianissimo" - very quiet; P - Piano "Piano" - quietly; MP - MEZZO Piano "Mezzo Piano" - moderately quietly, slightly louder than Piano; MF - MEZZO Forte "Mezzo Forte" - moderately loudly, louder than mezzo piano; F - Forte ("Forte" - Loudly; FF - Fortissimo "Fortissimo" - very loud. Sometimes, much less often, you can meet such designations: PPP (Piano-Pianissimo), RWR. or FFF, (Forte -FFF. They mean very, very quiet, barely audible, very, very loud. SF - SFORZANDO sign indicates the selection of some sheet music or chord. Very often found in notes and words: dim, Diminuendo (Diminoendo) or Icon pointing to a gradual attenuation of sound. Cresc. (Kreferedo), or icon - indicate, on the contrary, it is necessary to gradually enhance the sound. Before the designation of Cresc. Sometimes Poco A POCO (Poco A) is small Ironing, gradually, gradually. Of course, these words are found in other combinations. After all, it is gradually possible not only to strengthen the sound, but also to relax it, speed up or slow down. Instead of diminuendo, sometimes writing Morendo (Maurendo) - happier. Such a definition means not only subsided, but also slowing down the pace. Approximately the same meaning has The word smorzando (Cryorzando) is muffled, having fading, relaxing the sonority and slowing down the pace. You probably have repeatedly heard the "November" play from the "Seasons" Tchaikovsky cycle. She has a subtitle "On Troika". It starts not very loud (MF). A simple melody similar to the Russian folk song. It grows, rumbles, and now sounds powerfully, loud (F). The next musical episode, more alive and graceful, imitates the sound of roadballs. And then against the background of the unprecedented ring of Bubentsov, the melody of the song appears again - then quiet (P), then the approaching and again disappearing away, gradually inspective.

Creative portraits of composers. - M.: Music. 1990 .

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• Beatles for two. For duet guitars ,. This collection is for fans of the music of the Great Liverpool Four. In it you will find translating popular songs "Beatles" for two guitars. In order to play these songs, you are required ...

Volume (relative)

Two basic volume indications in music:

Moderate volume of volume are indicated as follows:

In addition to signs f. and p. , There are also

Additional letters are used to indicate even more extreme degrees of volume and silence. f. and p. . So, quite often in the musical literature there are designations fFF. and pPP. . They do not have standard names, usually say "Fort-Fortissimo" and "Piano-Pianissimo" or "Three Forte" and "Three Piano".

In rare cases with additional f. and p. Indicate even more extreme degrees of sound. So, P. I. Tchaikovsky in his sixth symphony used pppppp. and fFFF. , and D. D. Shostakovich in the fourth symphony - fffff. .

Dynamics designations are relative, not absolute. For example, mP Indicates not to the exact volume level, but to play that this passage should be slightly louder than p. , and somewhat quieter than mF. . Some computer sound recording programs exist standard keypad values \u200b\u200bof the key, corresponding to one or another volume designation, but, as a rule, these values \u200b\u200bcan be configured.

Gradual changes

Mines are used to indicate a gradual volume change kresencedo (Italy. Crescendo) denoting the gradual gain of the sound, and diminuendo (ITAL. Diminuendo), or desenedo (Decrescendo) - gradual weakening. In notes, they are designated abbreviated as cresc. and dim. (or decresc.). For the same purposes, special signs are "forks". They are pairs of lines connected on one side and divergers on the other. If the lines from left to right diverge<), это означает усиление звука, если сходятся (>) - Weakening. The following piece of music record indicates a moderately loud beginning, then amplifying sound and then weakening it:

"Forks" are usually recorded under a tonfish, but sometimes above it, especially in vocal music. Usually indicate short-term volume changes, and signs cresc. and dim. - Changes on a longer time interval.

Designations cresc. and dim. may be accompanied by additional instructions pOCO. (rest - a little), poco A Poco. (Pupo and Pocho - little in the face) subito. or sUB (Subit - suddenly), etc.

Designation Sforzando

Sharp changes

Sforzando (ITAL. SFORZANDO) or sforzato (SFORZATO) denotes a sudden sharp accent and is indicated sf. or sfz. . A sudden gain of several sounds or a short phrase is called rINFORCANDO (Italian. RinforZando) and is indicated rinf. , rf or rFZ. .

Designation fP. means "loudly, then immediately quiet"; sFP. Indicates Sforzando followed by Piano.

Musical terms associated with the dynamics

• al Niente. - literally "to nothing", to silence
• calando. - "Falling"; Slowing down and reducing the volume.
• crescendo. - Strengthening
• decrescendo. or diminuendo. - Reduced volume
• perdendo. or perdendosi. - Losing power, decline
• morendo. - Footing (silent and slowing down the tempo)
• marcato. - emphasizing every note
• più. - more
• pOCO. - Little
• poco A Poco. - little, gradually, gradually
• sotto Voce. - in low voice
• subito. - Suddenly

History

The instructions for dynamic shades one of the first introduced into the musical notation of the Age of the Renaissance Giovanni Gabrieli, however, until the end of the XVIII century, such designations were rarely used by composers. Bach used Terms piano., più Piano. and pianissimo. (written in words), and we can assume that the designation pPP. at that time meant pianissimo..

See also

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