Moscow region. History of the Moscow region. Ten of the oldest cities near Moscow

People work well here,

Love the land, earthly affairs.

So the city of the soul will not cool down,

So, it was correctly blossomed.

V. Postnikov

In the 20th century, significant events were held in the history of our state and Moscow region. In the first half of the 20th century, in connection with the industrialization of the country, the country faced the development of cities as important economic centers. It is noteworthy that the occurrence of cities occurred directly close to Moscow. In 1925-26. On the map of the Moscow province, 8 cities appeared. The Moscow Industrial Oblast (1929) was created in the cities of the region, the light industry was mostly developed, the reconstruction of mechanical engineering enterprises began. In 20-30 years, the chemical industry was reopened, textile production continued to develop. By the mid-1930s, 10 were formed in the Moscow region, and in the 40th year there are still 8 new large industrial centers. Among them were dominated by the centers of heavy industry (Shatura and Novokashirsk - Energy Centers, Elektrostal was the Metallurgical Center, Voskresensk - Center for Mineral Fertilizers and Cement). During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), the economy of the cities of the Moscow region was transferred to Military Poland many enterprises in a short period were translated into the manufacture of military products: tanks, airplanes, weapons, ammunition, clothes for warriors. During the war years, many city of Moscow region suffered greatly. In the first postwar years (1946-1952), the status of the city received another 9 cities and by the end of the 40s the population of the Moscow region half consisted of residents of cities, while the townspeople were only 1 \\ 3 throughout the country.

The towns of Moscow region are currently forming the largest territorial group of cities in Russia, for which high dynamism is characterized (there is also a constant increase in the number of cities). The modernities of the Moscow region differ not only in the time of occurrence, but also in terms of the values \u200b\u200bperformed by the functions. Among the modern towns of cities can be allocated groups:

1group- large industrial centers, multifunctional cities

2Groups - local centers.

Cities of the Moscow region formed in the first half of the 20th century

Large industrial centers.

Podolsk

The name of the city speaks of his geographical position. Russian Word - Somol- means plain, floodplain. Podolsk is mentioned in the documents of the 17th century as the patrimony of the Moscow Danilov Monastery. In the area of \u200b\u200bmany architectural monuments, the Belocamena Church of the 17th century in Dubrovitsy, estates: Ivanovo, Astafievo, Voronovo, Milno.

The area has long been known for its construction raw materials: limestone, dolomites, building sands. White stone (limestone, dolomites) The Moscow region was used in the construction of the first stone Kremlin in Moscow. In 14V., When the construction of the Kremlin went, in the quarries, the stone had a stone, the stone was cut down, sang it on Sani and brought to Moscow. In winter, so as not to pull the barges in the summer against the current of the river Moscow.

A Podolsk Cement Plant in 1875 began working on the local resources of the district in 1875., the oldest enterprise of the cement industry. In the city there is a design bureau for the production of parajector agents for nuclear power plants. Modern industrial enterprises also produce sewing machines, steam boilers, batteries, electrical cable. On the territory of the Podolsky district there is a city of regional subordination to Klimovsk, where the Institute and the Design Bureau for the Production of Rifle Weapons are located.

Lyubertsy.

The territory occupied by the city and Lyubertsy district began to settle for a long time. B12-13VV. Vyatichi lived here. Kurgans of these Slavic tribes have survived from the village of Gremyachevo. Lyubertsy is first mentioned in written sources somewhere in1621. Then it is the village of Liberitsa, she stood on the Liberian River, which subsequently dryed.

In the north-west of Lyubertsy on the shores of the three lakes - White, Black and Saint was an old village of Kosino in 17v. Kosino with lakes was part of the royal victuchin. Young Peter1 on a white lake performed training swimming on the boots. Not far from Lyubertsy east. On the Pehorc River, the Praskovo's behavior, known for written sources from the beginning of 17B, was located.; South from Lyubertere, on the high shore of the Moscow River, the Nicholasky Monastery is located (now the monastery is within the city of Dzerzhinsky).

Lyubertsy stood on the Ryazan Road (Kolomenskaya), Egorievsky tract ran nearby nearby. It was very important for the economic development of the then village of Lyuberey. With the construction of the first section of the Railway, Moscow, Ryazan, Lyubertsy became the first from Moscow to the station of this road. With the end of the construction of the railway in 1864, dacha villages arise in the district: Malakhovka, Tomilino, Kraskovo, and others, gained strength and industry Lyubertsy district. Near the Lyubertsy station is located a large plant of agricultural engineering (Modern Ukhtomsky Plant). Currently, Lyubertsy is a large multifunctional city, the nearest satellite of Moscow, in the industry of the city leading place belongs to a variety of engineering, in which helicopter construction (miles), production of agricultural machinery, commercial equipment. The city has a research complex. N.I. Kamov where helicopters are created, ahead of all overseas analogues in their characteristics; Machine-building plant "Star", where the means of salvation of aviation and space crews are being developed and produced, the chemical industry is represented by the plastics plant, the production of building materials, the light and food industry develops. The city has a well-known Lyubertsy carpet factory.

The city has nowhere to grow styling. From the south-west, it limits the Novoryazanskoye highway, which begins the greenhouses of the greenhouse plant "White Dacha" and the village of Kotelniki. In the north-east there is a Lyubertsy Aeration Station (cleaning of Moscow wastewater). In the north-west of the city of Lyubertsy, overlooking the Moscow Ring Road, there are new buildings of Zhulebino - new regions of Moscow.

1961 he inspired a special page in the history of the city: the pupil of the Lyubertsy craft school Yu.A. Gagarin became the first astronaut of the Earth.

Mytishchi.

Having graduated from satisfying

Hail Moscow, reservoir,

Sultry thirst was Tom.

Gods cleared over him.

Over the valley, where Mytishchi,

Skynese Skyneva.

Suddenly - Blow Thunder Tuchi

Credited into dol, and the key of the pussy

Rated: Pey, Moscow!

N.M.Yataovkov 1830g.

The city is located 18 km from the Moscow Yaroslavl Station, adjacent by its new microdistricts to the boundaries of the Moscow Ring Road. Although the date of education of the city is considered to be 1925, but the territory of Mytishchi and the modern Mytishchi district settled a long time ago. On the banks of Klyazma, the remains of the Kurgans and the Seliska of the Vyatichi and Curvic and Ancient Slavic tribes were preserved until now. One of these villages was found during the excavations on the left bank of the Yauza in Tinansky. In the economic life of that time, trade was played an important role. Rivers used as trading tracks. The history of the occurrence of Mytishchi is directly related to the Yauza wolf. Here, trading and combat vessels dragged on rinks, wheels or clamses from Yauza in Klyazma. From the imported goods charged duty-sot. On this place, where Mytishchi is now, there was a collection of passage duties - Yauzskoye Mytische. In 15 days, the village of Large Mytishchi already existed. In Starin, Mytishchi was famous for pure key water. In 1804, the water supply was laid from Mytishchi to supply the capital with water from Mytishchinsky keys. The water came from the keys to the gallery, laid underground at a distance of 19 miles. Where the gallery crossed the river, arched bridges were constructed, one of which was preserved to the present day. This is a Rostokin aqueduct (through Jauza in Moscow, not far from the All-Russian Exhibition Center (WVC), 356m long. Mytishchinsky Pipeline represented a grandiose structure for that time. Mytishchinsky plumbing has ended with fountains for the analysis of water: on tubular, rough squares in Moscow. In the coat of arms of the city His story reflects: on a Lazorian field, meaning water, a green field means land and forests, which is rich in the area. In the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe green field, the aqueduct is placed, in one of the arches there is a golden swift on rinks as a symbol of a wolf.

Mytishchi today is a large industrial, scientific, cultural center. Here are the largest enterprises of mechanical engineering (factory producing metro-metrics), factories of accurate mechanical engineering, buildingplastmass combine. Savva Mamontov - a famous 19th century entrepreneur was one of the founders of the Moscow Joint-Stock Company of the Carriage Factory, who later became the Mytishinsky Machine-Building Plant.

Mytishchi is the city of scientists and students. Here are research institutes and laboratories (Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Economy-Niii); Institute of Chimvolokna-VNIIIV; Institute of Hygiene and Labor Protection by them F.F. Erisman in the city is located the buildings of the Moscow State Regional University, Moscow University of Consumer Cooperation, Moscow State University of Forest, etc.

Mytishchi district is known for old folk fishing in Zhostovo, Fedoskino. In the area of \u200b\u200bmany sitors of cultural figures M.E. Saltykov- Shchedrin, N.A.Nekrasov. The estate of Christmas-Suvorovo owned for 25 years A.V. Svorov. Mytishchi are described by L.N. Tolsty in the novel "War and Peace"; reflected in the painting V.G. Perov "Tea drinking in Mytishchi".

Elektrostal.

A large industrial city of metallurgists and machine builders is located in the east of the region, in 58km from Moscow. Here in 1916 the construction of the Electrostal Electrostal Plant was started in the town of Calm. The poet reflected it in verses:

At the site of the clutch, forests and swamps,

Rose, fastener giant-factory

Handiculated handsome city ..

The country is well known

The steady metal

Elastic, singeling, blue.

E. Rascatov

At the electrometallurgical plant "Elektrostal", high-quality steel and alloys are smelted. Plant "Elektrostal" produces more than a thousand steel grades. Thin steel products made here and fine metal ribbon, magnetic alloys, etc. The Elektosttalmash Production Association is the only enterprise of the country that designs, manufactures and supplies complex equipment for the production of pipes for the nuclear industry. It has manufactured equipment for nuclear power plants. The high-quality steel steel mill was used in the cladding of the Metro Metro station "Mayakovskaya", for the Kremlin stars in Moscow, in the construction of spacecraft.

Balashikha.

Modern city is one of the major centers industry, stretched along the Gorky highway. Like many other cities of the Moscow region. The beginning of Balashikha put the textile industry in the villages along the Pehorka River. By the end of 19V. Balashikhinskaya manufactory, later the cotton factory was among the largest in Russia.

In modern Balashikha, cotton peeled, cloth factories, a truck plant, a scientific and production enterprise Kryogenmash,

The line of the modern city included two architectural ensemble 18-19VV. - Manor Pekhra-Yakovlevskoye and Gorenka's manor. Gorgenese is one of the largest in the suburbs. One of the attractions of the estate was a botanical garden with greenhouses and greenhouses. Manor Pekhra-Yakovlevskaya is a valuable monument of architecture and architecture. On the territory of the modern Balashiki district there is a city of regional subordination - Reutov. The first mention of the village of Reutovo refers to 16B. At the end of 18, as in many villages of the eastern part of the Moscow county, handicraft production is beginning to develop - spinning and weaving, which has grown in 19V. In industrial cotton-class textile enterprises. Modern Reutov - Industrial Center for the Moscow region, whose products are known. Group V.P. Belyaaya (now NGOs of mechanical engineering in Reutov) worked on the creation of a winged rocket for the Navy. Now the NGOs of mechanical engineering also conducts development in the field of aerospace technology, information technologies, alternative energy.

Resurrection.

In the 30s 20th century. On the basis of large deposits of phosphorites and limestones in the south-east of Moscow, enterprises of the chemical industry and the building materials industry were built, which posted the beginning of the formation of the city of Voskresensk. Plants grew, workers were formed around them, which pulled out a narrow and long strip (16 km) between the Moscow-Ryazan railway line and the main industry of the modern resurrection industry, cement. Plants of the Resurrection Chemical Combine are produced by phosphoric flour and other phosphoric fertilizers. The plants "Cemsgigant", "Red Builder" produce cement, slate, asbatement, asbestos pipes.

Shchelkovo.

The first information about Shchelkov belong to 16B. From 18V. The area becomes one of the earliest major areas of handling silverity. In p. Fryanov worked noble silkobotkaya manufactory. Raw manufactory raw materials from France and Italy.

The modern city is a pussy-large center of the textile and chemical industry. . Schelkovsky biocombinat, which produces a variety of products for the biological industry, agriculture and medicine (vitamins) is widely known. JSC "Agrochim" in the Schelkovsky district produces herbicides for agriculture, inorganic reagents for other industries. On the Schelkovsk leaf rolling factory produced a sheet rolling for kinescopes, radio-electronic equipment. Schelkovo is one of the major enterprises in Russia -Feter production (hats). The city is located in the city. Losino-Petrovsky . The history of the city begins with the foundation in these places in 1708. Peter 1 Kaznaya Manufactory. It was created on the basis of the leather courtyard translated from Moscow, which made military uniforms from the miley skin for the army. At 19 in. Textile production, cotton pharmacy factory -Moninian comawable plant

Ramenskoye.

Ramenskoe city is located 45 km east of Moscow. The history of the city goes to the distant past. For the first time, the randomness is mentioned in 1338. The village of Ramenskoye was created about 1,770g. and was called Troitsky then. From the 15th century, near the villages of the meachkovo and villages on the left bank of the Moscow-River mined the famous membrane white stone. Many buildings and structures were built from white stone in Moscow and the Moscow region. It has long been famous for diverse dishes and clay toys Gzhel. Gzhel clays were used in distant antiquity, and from 17 century. On the basis of rich deposits of local clays, pottery arose. From 18V. The production of majolica products is developing, and then the manufacture of products from porcelain and faience was mastered. Modern city Ramenskoye - major industrial center with developed engineering, textile industry

Stupino.

Stupino is located 5 km north of Oka Nevdibeva from Kashira, on the railway line of the southeast direction. Initially, Elektrovoz village was originally here, from 1938. - Stupino city. The city of Stupino originated thanks to the metallurgical plant, which produces aluminum rental for industry. In 1955 The largest power station in the Moscow region came into operation, then the plants for the production of concrete, a cardboard factory built. With its sweet products of confectionery enterprises "Mars" - "Snikhers" is known for the city of Stupino far beyond the Moscow region.

Khimki.

The city is adjacent to Moscow from the Northwest. The railway and motorway to St. Petersburg, the channel connecting Moscow, the River with the Volga, pass through the city. The territory of the modern Khimki district was settled for a long time. Here, on the banks of the River Skhodny and near the mouth of the Khimki River archaeologists, the remains of the settlement were found. The river Skhodnya was multiple and was called Major. In 9-12VV. From the Moscow-River on it climbed upstream - "Boiled". In the area of \u200b\u200bthe current p. Novopodzovo and Cherkizovo existed Pass - (wolf) about 5 km long. Here we were moved from the R. Vshodni on P, Klyazma, according to which then floated to the ocean and the Volga. Where the channel now passes. Moscow in the area, the Khimk river proceeded before. In antiquity, it was called Hinska, Khinsk, Halkie (which means the upper wheel) and the exit (lowerhouse). Apparently in antiquity in her shores passed a trading path. Perhaps on the river, the Moskhodskoy "Boiled" to Klyazma, and on the Khimke River "went out" to Moscow-River. In the 18-19th century, the river had only one name -Hemka. From the river, the postal station was received first, then the station of the October railway, the village around it, then the name has passed to modern city-khimki. In the 19th and early 20 century. In the vicinity of Khimok, the first factories and plants appeared: a wool, cloth and beautiful factories, a later brick factory.

Modern Khimki is a major industrial center of the Moscow region. Scientific and Production Association of Energetic Engineering Energomash is a leading Russian organization for the development of powerful liquid rocket engines. Aviation Design Bureau A.S. Lavochkina develops and carries out large-scale projects of the study of outer space, including the development of spacecraft for international projects for the study of Mars, Venus and other planets of the solar system. The Institute is the investigator of the Rocket and Space, the development of domestic cosmonautics is connected with it.

Krasnogorsk.

The city is located 22 km west of Moscow, on the banks of the Moscow River. Although the city is young, but the territory settled ancient times, as they say numerous archaeological monuments (parking, Slavic Selishche A 12-13VV., Slavic grains). The oldest village is known from 1462. From the north to south, the territory of the modern Krasnogorsk district crossed the ancient trade route along the Moskhodogo River (Skhodnya), connecting the pool of the Moscow rivers and Klyazma, in the west direction through it the land road to Volokolamsk was. At the end of 18-19VV. In some villages, peasant manufactories arose. From 1843, a historical mechanical factory has been known, which is converted later to the cloth factory with dye shops. In 1926-27. A mechanical plant will pass here (during the Civil War, he was evacuated from Petrograd and temporarily located in Podolsk, where there was no enough premises for him.). The modern optical mechanical plant is the largest in its industry, has mastered many species of the most complex optical instruments. An electronic microscope was created here in our country, production of photo and conferptions. Camera "Koke" has international fame, awarded a medal at international fairs.

The residential village of the optical mechanical plant and the working village of Red Gorka were converted to 1940. In the city of Krasnogorsk (the village of Pavofully entered the city of the city only in 1962.) The presence of a railway station Pavino and immediate proximity to Moscow had important for the development of the city. Pavibly built the first factory constructs in our country for industrial construction. Later, the factory of reinforced concrete structures began producing machines and mechanisms: tower cranes, pneumatic pumps, drying units for the cement industry, various conveyors, conveyors, excavators, machine tools for glass plants, etc. Later, the plant received a specific specialization and was renamed the Krasnogorsk plant of cement engineering.

In Krasnogorsk, there is a central state archive of cofontocuments. In the territory of the Krasnogorsk district there are estimates of 17-19 centuries: Arkhangelsk, Znamenskoye - Istivo, Petrovskore. These estates were centers of cultural life at the beginning of the 19th century. They are associated with the names of A.S. Pushkin, A.I. Herzena, A.S. Griboedov and others.

Solnechnogorsk.

The city is located 65 km from Moscow. Previously, it was a large trade and industrial village of Sunny Mountain.

In the area there is one of the largest in the Moscow region Lake-Sezhezheska, from which the sister river follows. Sezhengia lake-artificial reservoir created in 1850. And the construction of the canal connecting the Istra and sister river. Dam, overloading the sister river, raised her level. Water sisters and a small Mazi river flooded low-lying river and small lake Sezhez. The new Sezhengsky lake supported the water level in the channel, being its reservoir. After building in 1851. Nikoloevskaya (now Oktyabrskaya) Railway on the channel forgotten and he Zaros. The Sezhezheskaya reservoir itself soon acquired the appearance of a natural reservoir.

In the Solnechnogorsk district in the village of Serednikovo (near the station Firsanovka) B1830-1831GG lived M.Yu. Lermontov.

Domodedovo

The city is named from the nearby village. 6 km from Domodedovo station on the banks of Rybina, the ancient Nikitan quarries are located, where at 13-15VV. Limestone for white-stone construction in Moscow was mined.

Local deposits of limestone and dolomites have become the basis for the production of lime, bricks, reinforced concrete products.

Domodedovo Airport is located in the district - 45 km from Moscow. Airport connects Moscow airlines with Siberia and Far East from here The most distant domestic union unit of Moscow-Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (8844 km) begins.

Pushkino.

The city is located in 30 km north-east of Moscow. The territory, now, occupied by the city and the area, was settled in antiquity by Slavic tribes, as evidenced by the mounds on the bank of the river. The folk name Pushkino comes out of the river learn (according to the old one) - the village of Puccino is known from 15 V. According to another point of view, the village of Pushkino leads its name from the ancestors A.S. Pushkin, which it could belong to 15B. The fact that Pushkino stood on one of the oldest roads of Russia, leading to the Trinity-Sergiev Monastery, on Yaroslavl, Vologda, Arkhangelsk, favorably influenced its economic development. In 17-18 centuries. The lands of the modern Pushkinsky district were in the hands of the largest titled nobility. To date, some churches built in former veries have been preserved. Country villages were also formed.

The beginning of the industrial development of the nearest district falls in the mid-19V. A cloth institution worked in Pushkin, later a woolkotkaya factory (1844) at the mouth of the Serebryanka River when merging her with learning. This factory was one of the first in the Moscow district, it was equipped with mechanical weaving machines. In the right of the banks of the bank, Kudrino existed a papers of a papers. In 19V. The Paper Pharmacy Factory was founded at the village of Muromtsev. Around which in the future there was a center of the textile industry - the city of Krasnoarmeysk. Factory For many years released fabrics for the Red Army. In 1947 The village of Krasnoarmeysky was transformed into the city of Krasnoarmeysk as part of Pushkinsky district. Currently, Krasnoarmeysk is a city of regional subordination.

In Pushkino lived MM Sentin, K.G. Poystovsky, in Muranovo there is a Museum-sustain F.I. Tyutchev. Vladimir Pushkinsky places are reflected in the poem "An extraordinary incident that happened to the Mayakovsky summer at the cottage": Pushkin's Horbal Pushkin / Acull Horny ...

Ivanteevka.

The city of regional submission is 6 km from Pushkino and 37km to the northeast of Moscow on the Uchka River. The city got its name from the ancient settlements of Vanteuyevo and Copnino, mentioned in the screening books even in 16 c. and belonged to the Trinity-Sergiev Monastery. In mid-16v. In the village of Vanteyevo on the River Tekchka, the first paper factory (mill) appeared in Russia. In 19V. The paper and cloth factory are founded here. On the basis of workshops, cotton pharmacists develop B20V. Mechanical engineering. In 1953 At the site of the Career for the extraction of gravel for the construction of the Canal of the Moscow Volga, a polygon of the All-Union Research Institute for the Construction of Road Machines - a test center with an experienced factory was built.

New cities of the Moscow region

Restoration of the economy, the growth of capital construction after the Great Patriotic War led to the appearance in the second half of the 50s. 20V. New cities, such as Elektrougli, Dolgoprudny, Lytkarino, Lukhovitsy, Odintsovo, Necklace. Grew, developed and improved production profile already formed cities. By the end of the 50s, in the Moscow region there were 5 cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people (Podolsk, Serpukhov. Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Kolomna, Mytishchi). Industry area specialized in accurate engineering, light industry. By 1975 About 1100 industrial enterprises, production associations were concentrated in the suburbs. In the middle and end of 20V. In the suburbs there were new cities - diversified centers of the modern industry and scientific centers.

New cities of the Moscow region, formed in the second half of the 20th century. Xx1 in.

Railway.

The city of regional subordination is located 23 km from Moscow. Formed from workers' settlements and villages. Until 1939 called the village of Rebuilovka. Publication in 1877. The novel L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina" made the Station of Oblalovka wide-known: by the will of the author, the life of the work of the work was tragically broken here.

In Kuchino at the beginning of 20V. The first aerodynamic institute in Europe was created. The scientific work was headed by Professor MSU N.E. Zhukovsky. The aerodynamic institute laid the beginning of the development of a sofa as a peculiar center of geophysical science and made it famous in the scientific world and in Russia and abroad. Currently, the railway Eyo is a major industrial city of the Moscow region, known to the products of the Kuchinsky plant of ceramic and facing materials, the Savvin Electromechanical Plant. The city is now located the branch of the Central Aerodynamic Institute.

Odintsovo

Odintsomo one of the largest cities of the Moscow region is located 24km to the west of Moscow. Near the city of Odintsova on the right bank of the Moscow River, one of the Kurgans of 11-12 centuries is located. indicating that the territory of the city and its surroundings was settled by the Slavic tribes of Vyatichi and partially curvice. In 1627 Odintsovo village is mentioned for the first time, which belonged to the boyar on nicknamed the nickname. Construction of the railway from Moscow to Smolensk at the end of 19V. contributed to the development of transmission and country villages along her. So there was a transductional village Odintsovo. Known in the village of that time Railway workshops and brick plants. Already in 20V. Based on moving repair and mechanical workshops, a metal structural plant was created; A furniture factory is developing on the basis of a lumen plant, a chemical plant. Modern city Odintsovo - the largest industrial center of the Moscow region.

Chekhov

n.arrangements in the river Baddan, 77 km from Moscow. The young city, which was converted from the village of Baddan to the year of the 50th anniversary of the death of A.P. Chekhov, who lived at the end of 19V. In these places in the village of Melikovo.

Modern Chekhov is a major industrial center of the Moscow region. Here is the largest printing plant.

Prominent

The city of regional subordination, the center of the Leninsky district is located in 23km from Moscow on the Bitz River (influx of Pahra), the prominent relates to young cities, but the places associated with its formation have deep historical roots. On the territory of the modern Leninsky district, the monuments of Vyatichi belonging to 11-13VV are preserved. (on the shore of the pahra from the village of Old Ceed). In these places there are the greatest caves of the Moscow region - Congyanovsky, having a length of winding strokes about 17km. This ancient quarry, a limestone for white-stone construction in Moscow was mined here. Numerous funnels are developed on the surface of the caves, therefore, in many places, collaps are possible, especially in spring time. The first mention of the settlements of the district refers to 14V .. C16. Century village island becomes a country residence of the Grand Princes and Kings. There were hunting grounds of the king on the site of the current ramguev. In the villages of the island and conversations, the tent temples of the time of Ivan the Terrible, built from mechkovsky limestone preserved. One of the best landscape parks of the Moscow region is located in the former estate of Sukhanovo.

Modern city prominently large industrial center of the Moscow region. A modern cocozza plant with advanced technologies "Gypsobeton" is placed here. ; factory of construction and aluminum structures; Chemical plant and building materials plant. In the area there is a Mosrentgen plant, which produces X-ray equipment, an experimental plant of the Institute of Medicinal Plants, and others. In pos. The fork is a research institute of natural gas ;, Moscow gas processing plant, etc. In the Leninsky district there is the largest producer of vegetables in the Moscow region in a closed soil - the greenhouse economy of Moscow JSC

Dolgoprudny -the city is 18 km north of Moscow grew up from the village at the railway platform, long ponds. From early 17b. Known d. Vinogradovo on a long pond. She owned a distant ancestor A.S. Pushkin.V 18 V. Here is the estate of Vinogradovo.

In 1931 Near the railway platform, construction began in the country's first experienced daisy-breeding shipyard, a gas plant. In 1935 The settlement became a working village and was called the Direzhablestroy. , later renamed in the village. Dolgoprudny. The village housed the stone processing plant, ship repair workshops from a small utility gas plant grew by a long-standing plant of fine organic synthesis, after reconstruction, the stone processing plant began to produce facing plates, finishing materials from granite, marble, limestone. used in the construction of high-rise buildings, metro, monuments, etc. . Now known for their products, the Dolgoprudna Machine-Building Plant, factory of theater accessories. An important place in the structure of the city economy is occupied by research institutions: the Center for the Study of Natural Resources, the Stratospheric Station of the Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Central Aerological Observatory. It is widely known for its scientific research and training of Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) in Dolgoprudny.

Sciences of the Moscow region.

The appearance of cities - centers of fundamental and applied science, high-tech technologies became a new phenomenon in the development of cities of the Moscow region. In the Moscow region the largest concentration of sciences. These cities are most often with the mono-produce orientation that have been formed with what or research institute, an experimental design enterprise. On the occurrence of cities of science influenced the proximity of Moscow with its scientific and technical personnel. In the middle of the 70s GG.20V. More than 200 research and design organizations were located in the cities of the Moscow region.

The principle of technopolis "Scientific Idea - Production" was used when creating the city of Moscow Zelenograd, the cities of science: Dubna, Protvino, Pushchino, Troitsk. Institutions of cities work under the Ekotechnopolis program. Scientific profile of cities, the natural environment of them, became the basis of the concept of creating an environmentally friendly city. The first such eopolis became the city of Pushchino.

Pushchino.

The city of Pushchino is known as the largest center of biological science in it 8 major scientific institutions, leading work in the field of biophysics, biochemistry, biotechnology, etc. It also contains a special design bureau of biological instrumentation, a radio astronomy station of a physical institution with a complex of unique radio telescope. The city has created a republican innovative center-scientific and educational complex, including biotechnopark, focused on developing biomedicine, agrobiology and ecology; Russian University with faculties of biotechnology, agribusiness, compound technologies and management.

The authorities of the Moscow region, together with developers and leading experts in the field of urbanistics, discussed the development of historical cities in the region in the field of urbanism. Experts of the KB "Arrow" presented to the participants their vision of the newest history of these unique locations.

"The historical cities of the Moscow region, unlike similar locations in countries such as Spain or United Arab Emirates, are not doring from time, but continue to actively participate in the life of the region. However, this affects their architectural look at the best way. We went to the experiment, Asking experts of urbanists KB "Arrow" to develop their vision of the development and transformation of historical cities. In their work, they planned the goals we want to achieve. The next stage will be the development of a plan of their implementation, "said Herman Elinyushkin, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Moscow Region. The main problem of the historic cities of urbanists called the cyclic degradation of the urban environment. "The quality of the medium is reduced, the population outflow occurs from the cities, the economy is worse, the city environment suffers even more," said Yuri Grigoryan, architect, head of the project "Project Meganom", director of training programs for the Institute of Media, Architecture and Design "Arrow".

Despite the significant differences in the historical cities of the Moscow Region, urbanists managed to bring their classification. Specialists of the KB "Arrow" allocated 4 types of historic cities depending on their development potential:

1. The attraction city, developing successfully and having even greater potential for the development of the tourism and real estate market.
2. Fair city, which has great potential for changes in the urban environment.
3. The city is a factory with the lowest development potential.
4. A monument is a low potential for changes in the urban environment, but possessing a unique historical heritage.

According to Yuri Grigoryan, a qualitative environment is formed in the presence of a clear strategy and worked out mechanisms for its incarnation. The implementation of the plans will be possible in the presence of a commercial component, the developers are sure. "The success of the modernization of the historic cities of the Moscow region depends on the economic factor. The authorities need to interest and involve not only large business in the process, but also medium and small," commented Sergey Korutochkov, CEO RDI. Urbanists are confident that to preserve and develop the potential of historic cities today, it is possible not only by investing a large number of media, but also through cooperation between the state and society. You can start improvements today, experts say. "The most obvious thing we can do without global changes is to work with the islands of the urban environment as the estates and museums. The historical environment there already exists and bears its value, you need only to support it and expand," says it Mikhail Alekseevsky, Head of the Center for City Anthropology KB "Arrow".

International sectoral exhibition "Construction Week of the Moscow Region" - a unique congress and exhibition event that has federal status. This year about 200 exhibitors, 160 speakers of the business program from 6 countries took part in the exhibition. Partners and sponsors Events: PIC GC, FGC "Leader", SU-155 GK, Morton Group, MICC GC, RDI Group, Urban Group, Croste Concern.

For more information:
Anna Nikolaeva,
Press service of the exhibition "Construction Week of the Moscow Region - 2014"
[Email Protected], 8-926-890-85-95

The Moscow region in 2014 celebrates the 85th anniversary. Meanwhile, many near Moscow cities are much older - they were founded in the Middle Ages, in 12-14 centuries. The most ancient cities of the region can be found in the preserved walls of the Kremlin, temples and monasteries, ancient "settlements" and earthworks. The correspondents of the portal "in the Moscow region" chose the ten most ancient cities in the Moscow region, learned what they were wonderful, and found out what Moscow city is older than Moscow.

Volokolamsk

The most ancient city of the Moscow region isVolokolamsk , or Wolf Lamb, as it was called in antiquity. In Russian chronicles, this city is mentioned back in 1135. It is believed that he is older than Moscow for 12 years. It was an important trading path from Novgorod to Moscow and Ryazan lands. Novgorod Wolf remembered the trial with a commodity from the Lama River in Volosher - from here and the name went. The oldest construction of the Volokolamsky Kremlin, preserved to the present day, is the Resurrection Blonde Cathedral, erected in the 15th century. The Kremlin himself, like most buildings of that time, was wooden, so the tower and walls were not preserved to our days.

Under Volokolamsky there is an Iosifo-Volochsky monastery, founded in the 15th century. Here, the walls with the seven tower buildings of the 17th century are preserved. The oldest part of the monastery ensemble is preserved - the Epiphany Church, built in 1504, the ruins of a unique bell tower, Petropavlovsk Church, Assumption Cathedral.

Kolomna

For the first time about Kolomna Mentioned in the annals in 1177 as the border fortress of the Ryazan and Moscow Principality, and it was founded for another a few decades earlier. This city was a traditional place of collecting Russian troops before the campaigns against Tatar-Mongol and the richest city after Moscow, and during the time of feudal wars in the middle of the 15th century - and the capital of Muscovy. No wonder for him was the struggle of the prince of fragmented Russia - Kolomna occupied a profitable commercial position between the three rivers - Moscow-River, Okoy and Kolomenka.

The monument of the Old Russian defensive architecture is partially preserved here - the Kolomna Kremlin, built in the 16th century. Today it accommodated a large museum complex. Thanks to the Kremlin, the enemies could not take the city to the attack. The most famous tower is Marinkin. It is believed that the name comes on behalf of the Great Uznage - Marina Mnishek, who, according to the legend in 1614, was sharpened to the tower and died here. Guides are called Kolomna by Suzdalem near Moscow. Now it is one of the most attractive tourist centers, with many fashion projects.

Zvenigorod

Zvenigorod It was founded in the middle of the 12th century, presumably in 1152. According to one of the versions, Moscow and Zvenigorod have one founder - Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. At the same time, the cities with the same name in Russia were several. Historians argue about the origin of the poetic name of the "ringing" city. Versions are different - from the word "ringing", which was notified by the population of danger, to Savenygorod, that is, the "city of Savva" - in honor of the St. Savva of Storozhevsky, the founder of the monastery. The city also glorified the famous Soviet actress Lyubov Orlov, born here.

Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery is the main attraction of Zvenigorodsky seats. The abode was founded at the very end of the 14th century on the mountain of worse than the Holy Savoy, the student of the famous Russian St. Sergius of Radonezh, and in the 17th century, at the first king from the dynasty of Romanov Mikhail Fedorovich was actually rebuilt again. On the territory of the monastery, one of the oldest temples in the Moscow land is preserved - the Nativity Cathedral of the Virgin of the early 15th century. The ancient fortress walls with the towers, the Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and the Chamber of His wife of the queen Mary Miloslavskaya, brotherly corps with celias have reached this day.

Dmitrov

Dmitrov - Another city on the Moscow Earth, founded by Yuri Dolgoruk in the middle of the 12th century. In the village on the Yakhroma River, along the way from Kiev, the son of Olga was born a son - Vsevolod is a big nest, and in baptism - Dmitry, in honor of which it was decided to name the new city - Dmitrov.

The Kremlin in Dmitrov was wooden and not survived to this day. About the ancient fortress fortifications are evidenced by high, up to 15 meters, earth shafts surrounding the ancient Posad. They are a monument of history and culture of federal significance. The Dmitrovsky Kremlin Museum-Reserve has been opened on the Kremlin.

From the ancient buildings in the city, the Borisoglebsky Monastery of the 15th century has been preserved, with a stone fence and turrets. The oldest temple of the monastery is the Cathedral of Saints Boris and Gleb, erected in the 16th century. In the Soviet years, the construction of the construction of the famous Canal of Moscow Volga was placed in the monastery.

Ruza

This small town in the west of the Moscow region was founded in the first third of the 14th century, about 1328. Only earthy shafts remained from the city fortress, which still have to explore archaeologists, now there is a park "Town" - a place of rest of the citizens.

Of the architectural monuments in the city, several churches are preserved: the Resurrection Cathedral of the early 18th century, the Pokrovskaya and Dmitrievskaya Church (end of the 18th century), the Borisoglebsky temple of the early 19th century. By the way, in the oldest local lore Museum of the Moscow Region, open inRouze In 1906, they created a rich exposition on the ancient residents of the Moscow region land - Eastern Slavs.

Mozhaisk

The first mention of the city on the riverMozhaisk It is found in the chronicles of 1231. In the 14th century, Mozhaisk was one of Russia's religious centers thanks to the miraculous icon of Nikola Mozhaysky, there were about 20 monasteries. Of these, only one is preserved - the Mozhaisy Pubhitsky Monastery in honor of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, founded by the student of Sergius Radonezhsky - Feraponte Belozersky in 1408. A number of architectural monuments of the 16-19 centuries have been preserved in the monastery, including the chief Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the 16th century, the bell tower with the tomb of the 17th century, the garment church and the fence with the tower of the 17th century.

The city is also famous thanks to the Borodino battle of 1812. Mozhaisky Historical Museum - branch of the Borodino Military Historical Museum-Reserve.

Sergiev Posad.

The main "tourist magnet" of the Moscow region, the only city of the region included in the Golden Ring of Russia, grew around the wooden church in the name of the Trinity on Mount Macoves, where in the 14th century, founded the monastic monastery of Sergius Radonezhsky. The year of the foundation of the city is considered to be the 1337th. Holy Trinity Sergiyev Lavra, where the icons of the great icon painters of Andrei Rublev and Daniel Black, where in the legend came for the blessing in front of the Kulikovsky battle of Moscow Prince Dmitry Donskoy, where the king Ivan Grozny be bonded and where the Moscow Spiritual Academy was now placed on the security list UNESCO World Heritage Site Monuments.

The oldest building of the Lavra is a blonded Trinity Cathedral, built over the tomb of Rev. Sergius Radonezh in 1422-1423. According to the archives of the monastery, from 1575, the world-famous icon of Andrei Rublev "Trinity", written in memory of the Great Holy and Wonderworker, held the main place of the iconostasis of the Trinity Temple - to the right of the royal gates. And the Assumption Cathedral of the Lavra (1585), with bright blue domes in the golden stars, was created on the command of Ivan the Terrible and on the sample of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. The laurel bell tower is the highest in Russia - 88 meters.

In the Sergiev Posad Historical and Art Museum, the Equestrian Dvor (former monastic stables) is kept unique and one of the largest meetings of the 19th and 2nd centuries in Russia.

Serpukhov

Serpukhov On the Nare River, it is presumably from 1339 - it was a fortress at the borders of the Moscow Principality during the period of long-term struggle with Mongol-Tatars and Lithuanian-Polish conquerors. The chief architectural monument of the city is the Vysotsky Male Monastery, one of the oldest in the Moscow region, founded in 1347 by Serpukhov Prince Vladimir Brave. This is the center of pilgrimage to the miraculous icon of the Blessed Virgin "Inspromandable Bowl", which is considered to save away from the ailments of drunkenness and drug addiction.

Among other antiquities of the city - the Lord Women's Monastery of the 14th century, fragments of the Serpukhov Kremlin of the 16th century at the Cathedral Mountain, the Troitsky Cathedral of the 17th century at the Cathedral Mountain. From later attractions - trading rows of the 19th century and a number of churches and temples.

Wedge

Wedge First mentioned in the annals in 1317. The fortress was destroyed at the very beginning of the 15th century with a raid of Tatar-Mongol. Klin Kremlin did not have stone structures and fortifications. Earth trees are not preserved, but a deep ravine is visible, which defended the approach to the city.
The oldest monument of the Klin Kremlin is the Resurrection Church of the early 18th century.

Kashira

One of the oldest cities in the Moscow region is first mentioned in the spiritual letter of Moscow Prince Ivan Red in 1356. The unique monument of archeology speaks about the antiquity of these places - the Kashirskim settlement related to 7-4 centuries to our era. Traces of an ancient settlement can be seen on the banks of the Oka River. According to research, the settlement inKashire it was strengthened with a shaft, a moat and oak tys. Archaeologists have discovered more than 20 dumplings with stone lesions in the center, clay products, dishes, bone arrows, harpuna, iron tools and bronze ornaments.

Based on: InmosReg.Ru

Mastering Land Masters

The territory of the modern Moscow region is located in the central part of the Eastern European Plain in the Basins of the Volga rivers, Oka, Klyazma and Moscow River - according to archeology, it was populated by a man 20 thousand years ago. The primitive society lived here hunting, collecting and fishing.

The ancient and most important archaeological monument of the era of the Upper Paleolithic (early Stone Age) on the territory of the Moscow region is Zaraway Parking, located in the center of Zaraysk. It refers to the Kostenkovo-Avdeevsky archaeological culture dating from 22-19 thousand BC. e. The culture left a lot of richly ornamented bone products, among other things, famous anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figures - "Kostenkovsky Venus". Parking of Neolithic (late Stone Century) found in the village of Fishermen Dmitrovsky District, Sele Zhabki Yegoryevsky District, Village Belivo Orekhovo-Zuevsky District, village of Nikolskoye Ruz district and other places.

In the III-I millennium BC. e. The described region comes the era of bronze. The man learned to make workers from copper alloys with other non-ferrous metals. This period is represented here by the Fatyan culture of the Volzhsky-Oksky interfluid, migrating from the southeastern steppes in the middle of the II millennium BC. e.

The Iron Age came to shift bronze at the end of the II - early I millennium BC. e. People made iron from marsh ore, whose field is often found in the suburbs. The archaeological monument of the early Iron Age was found in Domodedovo, so on. Sherbinsk city fortune is located on the right bank of the Pahra River. In I thousand n. e. The territory of the Moscow Region inhabited mainly Finno-Ugric peoples of Meshchera and Meriana. And the Slavic tribes of Vyatichi and Krivichi penetrated here since the IV century.

History of the Moscow region in the I millennium AD. rich and diverse. A monument of the federal value of the Lukovnya is found on the territory of Patolsk in the umbrella of the Pahra River. There were settlements from the V century to N. e. by the XVII century n. e. Not far from Domodedov, on the left bank of the Pahra River, the Starosjianovskoye settlement of the VI-XV centuries is located. The cultural layer of the settlement contains ceramics of the Dyakovsky culture - the ancestors of the tribes Mary and Weigh. It is worth noting the mounded necropolis of venical XII-XIII centuries. Near the estate "Gorki Leninsky"; Monument of the archeology of the federal value Akatovskaya Kurgan Group of the XII-XIII centuries. near Balashikha associated with the population of the Pekhork Valley; Curvich's population disappeared by the city of the XI-XII centuries of Island, who was standing on the same river in the territory of the modern Mozhaisk district.

The period of the formation and development of statehood

The history of the formation of the state in Russia is inextricably linked with the lands of the modern Moscow region. So, from the middle of the XIII century, they were part of the great Vladimir-Suzdal Principality. In 1236, the Grand Duke Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich allocated the Moscow Principality in Son Vladimir's lot. The center of the principality was the city of Moscow formed by Yuri Dolgorukin allegedly in 1147.

During the period of fragmentation, rivalry with neighboring principles occurs against the background of resistance to the Mongol-Tatar invasion. In 1238, Northeast Russia was broken by the invasion of Khan Batya, the territories near Moscow were repeatedly subjected to a plunder. Later, Kolomna, Mozhaysk, Serpukhov, Zaraysk and other cities of the current Moscow region became cities-fasteners in the fight against Horde, Lithuania and the Crimean Tatars. In addition to cities, near Moscow Monasteries - Iosifo-Voloqsky near Volokolamsk, Savvino-Storozhevsky in Zvenigorod and Trinity-Sergiev, played a significant defensive role.

It was Moscow from the specific principalities of the Vladimir-Suzdal land that was at the head of the fight against the Mongol-Tatar Igi and the Center for the Union of Russian Land and received the greatest development. At the beginning of the XIV century, the Moscow Principality expanded, Kolomna, Pereslavl-Zalessky and Mozhaisk, entered the staff. In Dmitry Donskoy, in 1376, the principality approved its influence in the Volga-Kama Bulgaria. And in 1380, the troops of the already united Russian lands led by the Moscow Prince advocated the army of Maymia, who came to Russia. The Kulikovsky battle ended with the defeat of the Horde, which became a turning point in the invasion of Mongol-Tatars.

The pronounced internecine war in the principality in the second quarter of the XV century ended with the victory of the Grand Duke Vasily Dark. Then the territory of the Moscow principality was 430 thousand square kilometers with a population of 3 million people.

In the XV-XVI centuries under Ivan III and Vasili III on the lands of Russia, with the exception of the Polish Lithuanian and King, the Russian State, including Yaroslavl, Rostov, Tver Principles and the Novgorod and Pskov Republic, were formed. At this time, agriculture continues to develop on the Moscow lands, especially three-poly crop rotation. The value of feudal, landlord land in land increased, the reservoir economy was developed. Unnemedial classes also undergo positive changes, trading flourishes. Moscow Region Cities are known since the crafts, for example, Serpukhov - leather production and metalworking, Kolomna - brick production.

The events of the troubled time, the first and second folk militia also unfolded on the territory of the modern Moscow region. It is worth noting the unsuccessful siege of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery for the troops of Falsmitria II, which lasted 16 months - from September 1608 to January 1610. At that time, the monastery was already an influential religious center and a powerful military fortress from 12 towers.

Another famous abode, originating in the XVII century: Novojerusalem Monastery - based on the territory of the current Istra in 1656 by Patriarch Nikon. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe monastery was to recreate the Palestine Saints Saints. In the XIX and at the beginning of the twentieth century, the monastery became a popular pilgrimage center. In 1920, a museum was created in the monastery. In 1991, he was named "Historical and Architectural and Art Museum" New Jerusalem ". Today the museum is one of the largest in the Moscow region. The stock assembly includes archaeological, historical, ethnographic and artistic collections and has more than 180 thousand storage units.

During the empire

The new period in the history of the Moscow region comes under Peter I Alekseevich. Decree of the Tsar All Russia in 1708, all Russia is divided into eight provinces, including Moscow. In addition to Moscow region, the province included the territories of modern Vladimir, Ivanovo, Ryazan, Tula, Yaroslavl, Kaluga and Kostroma regions, only 50 counties. Since 1719, Moscow Province is divided into nine provinces. The land of the suburbs entered the Moscow province managed by the governor. The head of the rest of the provinces stood governors.

The first Moscow governor was appointed in 1708 by Boyarin Tikhon Nikitich Streshnev, a relative of the royal family, the teacher of Peter I. In his hands, an administrative, police and military authorities focused. In 1711, Streshnev became a senator, and the vice-governor V. S. Ershov was appointed by the User Governor. The following governors became MG. Romodanovsky and K. A. Naryshkin. After the Moscow province was headed by Sanovniki as a Governor General. Among them are S.A. Saltykov, who played a prominent role in the top of Anna Ioannovna, Z.G. Chernyshev, Hero of Smolensk War, Vicer of Belarus.

In the XVIII century, with the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, the economic significance of the Moscow region decreased. Now the light industry came to the fore in the economy. In the cities of the Moscow region, manufactory develops, and later the factory. Silk and cotton production work, finishing, spinning factories are erected. Handicrafts are also gaining great importance, for example, Ceramics Gzheli. Schelkovo's village and Zuyevo become centers of fishing. Waterways, among them the Oka River, contributed to the development of trade, significant trade turnover had the ports of Serpukhov and Kolomna.

In order to establish the exact boundaries of land tenurements in the Moscow province in 1766, the general survey was launched; The first general plans appeared near the towns of Moscow region in the second half of the XVIII century. In Catherine II, the country was divided into 50 provinces and governments and one area. In 1781, Vladimir, Ryazan and Kostroma vicarity were allocated from the former territory of the Moscow province, and the remaining territory, a little less than modern Moscow region, was divided into 15 counties: Bogorodsky, Bronnitsky, Veresky, Voskresensky, Volokolamsky, Dmitrovsky, Zvenigorodsky, Kolomensky, Klin, Mozhaisky, Moscow, Nikitsky, Podolsky, Ruzsky and Serpukhovsky. Subsequently, Nikitsky and Voskresensky counties were abolished. Therefore, in the XIX and at the beginning of the 20th century, the Moscow province had only 13 counties. Kashirsky County is formed in the territory of the Tula province, Zaraysh and Yegoryevsky - as part of Ryazan, they later entered the limits of today's Moscow region.

Before the reform of 1775, there were only ten cities in the suburbs. Later on the Vladimir road from the village of Rogodhov, the city of Bogorodsk, the city became the village of Bronnitsy. Two more cities appeared on the polar river: Podolsk (earlier the village of Podol), and Nikitsk (previously village Kolychevo). In addition to them, a large village Voskresensky near the Novojerusalem Monastery became the city of Voskresensky.

In the XVIII-XIX centuries, Bogorodsk, Pavlovsky Posad and Orekhovo-Zuyevo became important centers. From the first half of the XIX century, a large porcelain-faience production was formed in Gzheli on the basis of local ceramic fishery; In the 1830s, another porcelain factory opened in the Moscow province - in Dulely.

On the Moscow region, the Earth occurred the most important events of the Patriotic War of 1812. It is enough just to remember the Borodino field under Mozhaisk, where on September 7, one of the largest battles of that war took place.

A strong economic rise in the Moscow province survived in the second half of the XIX century, especially after the peasant reform of 1861. The formation of the railway network is occurring, in 1850-1860, it was already possible to get from Moscow to St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Sergiev Posad, Ryazan, Kursk and Next. And before the First World War, the 11th beam of the Moscow node "Lyubertsy - Arzamas" was completed. Accordingly, the presence or absence of railways near the settlements affected their economic development.

Although in the second half of the XIX century, mechanical engineering develops a textile industry in the leading industry of the province. At this time, a large Kolomna Machine-Building Plant and Carriage Plant in Mytishchi opened. Then the Klimovskoye Factory of Weaving Machines, the production of agricultural machinery in Lyubertsy. In the same period, gardery, suburban gardening, dairy animal husbandry rose. The population of the Moscow region grew, if in 1847 1.13 million people lived in the province, then in 1905 there are already 2.65 million

From that time in the Moscow region, many estates associated with the names of writers, artists, scientists and statesmen are preserved. Among the most famous - Abramtsevo in Sergiev-Posad district, Murano in Pushkinsky district, Ostafiavo in Podolsky district, Arkhangelsk in Krasnogorsk. Today estates turned into museums and reserves. So the manor of Melikhovo near the city of Chekhov was turned into a literary and memorial Museum-Writer Reserve. And the wedge founded a house-museum of composer P. I. Tchaikovsky. Manor Zakharovo and Large Vyazami in the Odintsovo district are included in the historical and literary Museum-Reserve named after A.S. Pushkin.

Under Soviet power

The economic lifting of the province was facilitated by the transfer of the capital from St. Petersburg to Moscow in 1918. Over time, the enterprises of the heavy industry appear. Electric power industry develops, in the 1920s, Kashirskaya GRES and a large plant "Elektrostal" took place.

In the 1920s and 1930s, administrative conversion of the region occur. In 1929, the Moscow province was abolished, instead of it was formed by the Central Industrial Region with the Center in Moscow, the Moscow, Tverskaya, Tula and Ryazan province entered the region, after a few months the region was renamed Moscow. She shared for ten districts: industrial - Moscow, Orekhovo-Zuevsky, Kolomensky, Kimrsky, Serpukhov, Tula, Tver; Agricultural - Ryazan, Bezhetsky and Kaluga. In 1931, Moscow received the status of an independent administrative and economic unit. In 1935, 26 districts from Moscow were transferred to the newly formed Kalinin region. In 1937, 77 districts of the Tula and Ryazan regions were allocated from the Moscow region. Many settlements assigned urban status, the category of urban-type settlements was introduced. New cities, for example, Krasnogorsk, Fryazino, Elektrostal, Dolgoprudny formed near industrial enterprises.

In the 1931 year, there were 143 districts, consisting of 6,238 village councils, 67 cities, including seven separate administrative and economic units (Moscow, Tula, Tver, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Serpukhov, Bobikov, Zvenigorod), 60 workers settlements and 37.1 thousand rural settlements. The population of the region was 11,359,300 people.

This decade has changed the sectoral structure of the economy of the region. Heavy industry - mechanical engineering - got the greatest development. The chemical industry acquires, for example, a large plant for the production of mineral fertilizers and a giant cement plant is built in Voskresensk. In the East, the area was carried out peat mining. In the 1930s, with an increase in air transportation volumes, construction and equipment began on new airports in Bykov, Tushina (then as part of the Moscow region) and grandchildren.

The time of the Great Patriotic War left a large mark in the history of the Moscow region, in 1941-1942 the battle of Moscow took place - one of the most significant battles of that war. Then industrial enterprises were evacuated to the East. Tens of thousands of residents went to the militia. In October and November 1941, the army of the invaders entered Mozhaisk. Fights were accompanied by large losses on both sides. Solnechnogorsk, Wedge, Istra, Volokolamsk and other cities of the Moscow region were liberated in December.

Administrative changes occurred in the military period. In 1944, Borovsky, Hydnynichsky, Maloyaroslavetsky and the Labor districts were transferred to Kaluga region from Moscow. The Petushinsky district was departed to the Vladimir region. And the areas translated in 1942 regions returned to Ryazan and Tula regions. In 1960, a number of territories of the Moscow region went to Moscow.

Post-war recovery has passed into the development of new industries. Sciences are based in Dubna, Pushchina, Trinity, Chernogolovka. Now at the head of the industry chemistry, mechanical engineering, accurate instrument making and electric power industry. The population of the Moscow region is growing. Livestock complexes and poultry farms are built to provide its food products. In 1969, Moscow in 1969 was organized one of the largest greenhouse factory in the country. The corresponding level of development has also reached a transport system: gas pipelines and high-voltage power lines, electrification of main railway areas, Moscow Ring Road. The rapid development of the air transport demanded an increase in the capacity of the Moscow aircraft: in 1959, Sheremetyevo Airport was opened, and in 1964 - Domodedovo. In the 1980s, the Sector of the Sector of Services in Moscow is becoming a significant component of the regional economy. As a result, pendulum migration from the region to the capital appears.

the Russian Federation

The crisis of the 1990s mostly affected the manufacturing industry of industry, science. The state of the food industry, the construction industry and mechanical engineering has positively assessed. By 1997, only 32% of industrial production from the 1990 level was preserved in the Moscow region.

Since 1997, the growth of the regional economy has been suspended by the 1998 default, but then it became sustainable, and after the industry of the region and the entire economy as a whole develop accelerated pace. The volume of industrial production of the Moscow region in 2004 amounted to only 77% of the 1990 level (on average in Russia - 71%). But by 2005, the process of reinductrialization of the Moscow region allowed to restore the pre-crisis indicators, and by 2007 the region surpassed them by a third.

A new stage of recovery of the economy fell on the first half of the 2000s. The number of unemployed significantly decreased. The level of common unemployment decreased from 7.9% in 2000 to 2% in 2007. According to this indicator, the region rose to second place in the Central Federal District after Moscow (0.8%, respectively).

Development received investment projects in the field of high technology. The realization of them occurred in Dubna, Krasnoznamensk, Khotkov. Fryazin is based on a scientific and production cluster "Photonics". For the period from 2001 to 2010, the Moscow region became one of the most attractive regions of Russia and retains these positions to the present. At this time, there is an intensive construction of residential buildings in the towns nearest to Moscow. Currently, the area ranks first in Russia in the entry of housing. In parallel with high pace there is a relocation of residents from dilapidated and emergency housing.

As a result of administrative transformations in the 2000s, Moscow, Golitsyno, Kubinka and others formed from the townships of urban type and villages. In 2012, part of the territory of the Moscow region, among them, the Three-Titzk, Moscow and Shcherbinka cities were transferred to Moscow, as a result of which the territory of the region decreased by 144 thousand hectares, and the population was 230 thousand people.

Over the past three years, 122 new enterprises have been built, more than 200 thousand new jobs have been created. The volume of investments also increased and amounts to 59 billion rubles. Of the current 28 industrial parks 12 was created in 2015. At the same time, two special economic zones (SEZ) were created in the region: industrial-production type "Stupino", where five companies invested 5.5 billion rubles at once and created 550 new jobs, as well as the technical and innovative type "source" in the urban district Fryazino. Here, ten companies implement their projects with a total investment of at least 48.5 billion rubles.

• 14 cities-district centers;
• 43 cities of regional subordination;
• 1 Closed city - Krasnoznamensk;
• 12 cities of the district subordination, which are in administrative submission of the districts;
• 3 cities that are in administrative submission of cities of regional subordination.

List of cities near Moscow estate from Moscow

They head the list of city Lyubertsy, Kotelniki and Reutov, they are located 2 km from the capital, Dzerzhinsky and Khimki - 3 km, Krasnogorsk - 4, prominent and Odintsovo - 5 km, Dolgoprudny - 6, Balashikha and Shcherbinka - 8 km, Mytishchi - 9 km , Jubilee - 10, Moscow - 11 km, Railway, Lytkarino and Korolev - 12 km, Lobnya - 14 km, Domodedovo - 15 km, Podolsk - 16 km, Troitsk - 18 km, Ivanteevka, Pushkino and Schelkovo - 19 km, Dedovsk - 20 km, Zhukovsky, Old Kupavna and Elektrougli - 23 km, Klimovsk - 24 km, Aprelevka - 25 km, Fryazino - 27 km, Golitsino and Ramenskoye - 28 km, Krasnoznamensk and Losino, Petrovsky - 29 km, Istra - 36 km, Noginsk - 37 km, Krasnoarmeysk - 39 km, Blizers and Zvenigorod - 41 km, Elektrostal - 42 km, Chernogolovka - 43 km, Solnechnogorsk - 44 km, Dmitrov, Yakhroma and Kubinka - 48 km, Chekhov - 50 km, Khotkovo - 53 km, Sergiev Posad - 55 km, Naro-Fominsk - 57 km, Pavlovsky Posad - 59 km, Elektogorsk - 64 km, Wedge - 66 km, Peresvet - 71 km, Dresna - 72 km, Serpukhov - 73 km, Krasnosavodsk - 74 km, Voskresensk - 76 km, Vysokovsk and Orekhovo-Zuevo - 78 km, Kurovskoe - 79 km, Likino-Dulyovo - 86 km, Ruza - 87 km, Stupino - 88 km, Mozhaisk - 89 km, Kolomna - 91 km, Volokamsk - 94 km, Pushchino - 96 km, Dubna - 98 km, Vereya, Protvino, Kashira - 99 km, Yegoryevsk - 100 km, Necklace - 105 km, Taldom - 107 km, Lukhovitsy - 112 km, Ozers - 119 km, Zaraysk - 137 km, Shatura - 138 km. The list of cities near Moscow is the most remote city of Roshal, its distance to Moscow is 147 km.

K belongs to the territory and city of Moscow, located from the Moscow Ring Road at a distance of 40 km in the direction of the region. What are the city near Moscow? List of small: Mytishchi, Kotelniki, Lyubertsy, Lobnya, Zhukovsky, Podolsk, Odintsovo, Domodedovo, Khimki, Krasnogorsk, Dzerzhinsky, Balashikha, Reutov, Korolev, Pushkino and others. All these cities are known to almost any resident of our country.

The largest cities of the Moscow region: a list of cities in population

The list of 20 largest cities in the Moscow region in terms of population living in them, included:

• Balashikha - 215 350 people;
• Khimki - 208 560 people;
• Podolsk - 187 960 people;
• Korolev - 183 400 people;
• Mytishchi - 173 340 people;
• Lyubertsy - 171 980 people;
• Elektrostal - 155 370 people;
• Kolomna - 144790 people;
• Odintsovo - 139 020 people;
• Railway - 132,230 people;
• Serpukhov - 126,500 people;
• Orekhovo-Zuyevo - 121 110 people;
• Krasnogorsk - 116,740 people;
• Schelkovo - 108 060 people;
• Sergiev Posad - 105 840 people;
• Pushkino - 102,820 people;
• Zhukovsky - 102,790 people;
• Noginsk - 102 080 people;
• Ramenskoye - 101 200 people;
• Wedge - 93 420.

The most ancient cities

In the era of ancient Russia (the period to the Tatar-Mongolian invasion), about 17 ancient Russian cities were located on the territory of the modern capital region. But only 9 of them is mentioned in ancient written sources and only they retained their names and did not turn into dead cities. List of ancient cities Moscow region: Moscow, Zaraysk (Ostr), Mozhaisk, Dmitrov, Volokolamsk, Dubna, Zvenigorod, Lobynsk, Kolomna.

Most cities of the ancient Moscow region are mentioned in chronicle sources since the XII century. The very first mention of Dubna city - 1134, the second is mentioned Volokolamsk - 1135 year. The list of the ancient cities of the Moscow region and the year of their first mention in the chronicle:

• Dubna - 1134;
• Volokolamsk - 1135;
• Moscow, Lobyansk - 1147;
• Dmitrov - 1154;
• Kolomna - 1177;
• Zaraisk (Ostr) - 1225;
• Mozhaisk -1231

Tourist attractive towns of Moscow region

1. Sergiev Posad. One of the main attractions and decoration of the city is the temple of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Also famous Voznesenskaya Church, Pyatnitskaya, Uspenskaya, Intraved, Vintage Trading Rows and Monastery Hotel.

2. Wedge. Tourist interest causes an old church in the territory of the former Assumption Monastery, the Resurrection Church, trading series, Demyanovo's manor. In the village of Boblovo - Museum D.I. Mendeleeva.

3. Cube city. Invites guests to the famous military historical armored museum.

4. Old Kupavna. The Holy Trinity Temple attracts many pilgrims.

5. Mozhaisk. Majestic earthy Kremlin, Yakiman and Nikolsky Cathedral - all this is the sights of a small town.

The most favorable for the life of the city of Moscow region

Analytics of cities located at a distance of 30 km from MKADA. 21 criteria were taken into account when drawing up the rating: the development of infrastructure, accessibility in the acquisition of housing, the availability of jobs, the quality of services provided to the population, the quality of medical care, social protection of the population, ecology and purity of the city and MN. Dr. The first place in the list of the most favorable population of the population of the Moscow region took Klimovsk, in the top five of the leaders entered Ivanteevka, prominent, Dolgoprudny, Lobnya.

In terms of transport accessibility, among near Moscow cities, you can allocate such cities like Khimki, Lobnya, Reutov, Lyubertsy, Mytishchi, Kotelniki, Krasnogorsk, Dolgoprudny and prominent.

List of cities near Moscow with the highest level of atmospheric pollution: Elektrostal, Railway, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Wedge, Serpukhov, Mytishchi, Noginsk, Balashikha, Kolomna, Yegoryevsk, Podolsk, Lyubertsy.

Cities with a high level of radioactive pollution: Troitsk, Dubna, Khimki, Sergiev Posad.

Of the most built-in cities of the Moscow region in the first place of Reutov, on the second - anniversary, then railway, Podolsk, Krasnoznamensk, Fryazino, Lyubertsy, Dolgoprudny, Ivanteevka.