"Mazilka", "Monk", "Forest Tsar". Curious facts from Ivan Shishkin

Unrivaled master of landscape painting, an outstanding artist who glorified Russian art, Ivan Shishkin had a merchant origin. His hometown was Elabuga, where he was born in early 1832. Already in childhood, Ivan Shishkin was a gifted child and showed a tendency to drawing.

In the Imperial Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg, his talent was fully manifested. The years spent in Europe made it possible a painter to develop their creative abilities. But he always inspired her native nature - a forest, a field, meadow, so he hurried to return to Russia.

Shishkin brought a lot of students. For his creative life, Ivan Ivanovich created hundreds of works, many of whom were recognized as masterpieces and decorated today the best museums of Russia and Europe.

Care from gymnasium

The talented Russian landscape in adolescence was a poor gymnasium. The arithmetic was not given at all, having grabbed unsatisfactory ratings, Ivan Shishkin was forced to leave the gymnasium in Kazan after four years of study. And I didn't want to study my shishkina himself, he dreamed of painting.

Getting a big gold medal

Ivan Shishkin received a wonderful art education. At first he studied at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in Moscow, and then brilliantly graduated from the Imperial Academy of Arts in the Russian capital.

He studied so well that in the first year of training became the owner of two small silver medals. His landscapes, imprinted nature in the vicinity of the capital, brought him success. In the future, Shishkin received a large silver medal first, and then small gold. A year later, he was presented with a large gold medal of the Academy for his landscapes written in Valaam, and retirement was relied on a trip to Europe for several years.

Incident in Germany

The artist sincerely loved Russian nature, his creativity is evidenced about it. In Europe, he won in Russia, often applied to the guilt from the longing. Once in Munich Beer, he heard how the company of the heads of the Germans offensively responded about the Russians.

Shishkin immediately figured out with offenders with the help of fists and even toured under the arm of the metal rod. The scandal broke out a grandiose. The artist was given to court. But, to the surprise of many, the court justified him. According to eyewitness memories, after an exclusive sentence from the court session, the Friends carried a shishkina in his arms.

Writing in the co-authors of the famous painting

Contemporaries Shishkin talked about him as a good connoisseur of nature, which has scientific knowledge about it. This is exactly what many explained such a scrupulous accuracy in the image in all his landscapes.

However, one of the most famous works "Morning in Pine Bor", the artist created in 1889 in co-authorship with his friend - by the artist Konstantin Savitsky, who portrayed the Bear family on the canvas.

Shishkin, like a decent person, signed a job with two names. But at the request of the owner of the Art Gallery of Pavel Tretyakov, who acquired a picture, the surname of the co-author was removed.

Academic and Professor

Shishkin quickly gained recognition as an outstanding landscape. He was still in Europe in a pensioner trip, when the Academy of Arts in 1865 he was awarded the title of academician for the painting "View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf", this canvas earlier arrived in the capital of Russia.

Shishkin's work made a stunning impression. Ivan Ivanovich annually submitted his work at the exhibition of the Mobile, for one of these paintings, the Lesnoye Wilder Plant, in 1873 he was awarded the title of professor of the Metropolitan Academy of Arts. Since 1892, the artist began to lead the training landscaped workshop at the Academy, in addition, he always had many student.

Aquafortist society

It is believed that Ivan Shishkin was one of the best painters of his time. Not everyone knows that on a par with landscape painting, he enthusiastically engaged in engraving. In the 70th year, the 19th century, the artist became an active participant in the circle of metropolitan aquafortists, artists engraving with strong vodka on metal, this occupation of Shishkin never left, alternating him with landscape painting, and was considered one of the best engravers in St. Petersburg.

Death for Easel

The magnificent artist Ivan Shishkin was absorbed by the work until the last minutes of his life. Suffice to say that he is the author 800 paintings., not counting drawings and engravings. He left life suddenly at the age of 66 in March 1898, at the moment when he worked on the painting "Forest Kingdom". Next to an outstanding master at that moment his student was located, who witnessed the death of the mentor literally behind the easel. Doctors gave a conclusion that the artist refused the heart, obviously, it was a heart attack.

Transfer of the grave of Ivan Shishkin

Not everyone knows that Orvan Ivanovich Shishkin was originally buried at the Orthodox Smolensk cemetery in St. Petersburg. When in the 30s of the 20th century, in the territory of the Tikhvin cemetery, Alexander Nevsky Lavra decided to create necropolis of artists, burials from various artists, composers and artists were transferred here from different Petersburg cemeteries. Moved here and the grave of Shishkin. This happened in 1950. However, a monument with his grave, who was standing at the Smolensk cemetery, was lost, in return was established new. It is surprising that on this new monument misinterpreted the date of birth of the painter, making it older for two decades. Why the error was not corrected - it remains a mystery.

The artist came from a rather ancient and rich merchant kind of shishkina. Born in Elabuga in 1832, 13 (25) January. His father was quite famous in the city of a wealthy merchant. He tried to give his son a good education.

Education

From 12 years old, Shishkin studied in the first Kazan gymnasium, and at the age of 20 he entered the Moscow School of Painting. After his end (in 1857), he continued his studies at the Imperial Academy of Arts as a student of Professor S. M. Vorobyov. Already at that time, Shishkin liked to draw landscapes. He traveled a lot in the vicinity of the Northern Capital, visited Valaam. The beauty of harsh northern nature will inspire him all his life.

In 1861, at the expense of the Academy, he went on a trip abroad and he studied in Munich, Zurich, Geneva, Düsseldorf for some time. There he met works by Benno, F. Adamova, F. Did, A. Kalam. The trip lasted until 1866. By this time, the title of academic was already received at the homeland of Shishkin for his work.

Return to the Motherland and Peak Career

Returning to his homeland, Shishkin continued to improve the landscape technique. He traveled a lot in Russia, exhibited at the Academy, took part in the work of the mobile exhibition partnership, a lot of drawing with a pen (the artist mastered this technique being abroad). He also continued to work with the engraving "tsarist vodka", taking into account in 1870 to the circle of St. Petersburg aquaphors. His reputation was flawless. He was considered the best landscape and engraver of his time. In 1873, he became a professor at the Academy of Arts (received the title for the painting "Forest Wilderness").

A family

Biography Shishkinasano, that the artist was married twice, and the first marriage on the sister of the artist F. A. Vasilyeva, and the second marriage - on his student, O. A. Lagod. He had 4 children from two marriages, of which only two daughters lived to mature age: Lydia and Ksenia.

The artist died in 1898 (suddenly). At first he was buried in the Smolensk cemetery, but then the ashes and gravestone moved to the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Other biography options

• The year of birth of the artist is definitely not known. Biographers data differ (from 1831 to 1835). But in official biographies, it was customary to indicate 1832 years.
• The artist perfectly painted with a pencil and pen. His works performed by the pen really liked the European public. Many of them are stored in the art gallery in Dusseldorf.
• Shishkin was an excellent naturalist. That is why his works are so realistic, the spruce is like a fir, and pine on the pine. He knew the Russian nature at all and the Russian Forest in particular.
• The most famous work of the artist "Morning in Pine Bor" was created in collaboration with K. Savitsky. A little earlier than this painting was written by another, "Fog in Pine Bor", which was so liked by the authors that they decided to rewrite it, including some genre scene. Masters were inspired by a trip along the Virgin Vologda Forests.
• The largest collection of shishkina works is stored in the Tretyakov Gallery, a little less - in the Russian Museum. A large number of drawings and made by the artist engraving is in private collections. Interestingly, a collection of photographs Engravy Shishkin was released

About whom of the domestic painters can be said: "The most Russian artist"? Of course, this is Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. The biography of the master is the life path of a talented person who is not burdened with psychological or mental pathologies, that is, by moving by many representatives of the world of art. After all, talent, according to many, is a certain deviation from the norm, a peculiar anomaly. However, about Ivan Shishkin so does not say even the deepest psychoanalyst.

The globility of the artist

Artist Shishkin, biography and creativity of which are well known and studied - a vivid example of a good soul, God's sparks, hard work and love for their native nature. His talent developed on gracious and clean soil

What does the Biography of Shishkin artist look like? From birth, a good family, Orthodox traditions, kindness, care and careful attitude towards each creature, who met on the way. Such a minority was reflected in every picturesque canvase, which created Shishkin.

The biography and paintings of the artist will be discussed in this article in a somewhat unusual perspective. We drive great love and respect for the master. His life and creativity are devoid of scandals and mysteries.

Early recognition and popularity

The fame itself found Ivan Ivanovich, and she came to him pretty early, without infecting dangerous probably, deep inner world, patriarchal education, high morality and spirituality created him strong immunity. But this disease - Glory - destroyed very many lives and destroyed entire fate.

"Morning in a pine forest"

Wonderful and honest was Ivan Shishkin. His biography is a description of the personality, rare on its mental qualities. Interesting in this regard, the story with the famous picture "Morning in the Pine Forest". The canvas was written in co-authorship with Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky. Savitsky offered an idea. He wanted to draw a landscape with a bear family.

Ivan Ivanovich drew a virgin deaf forest, according to which the man's leg did not go. For Shishkina Gloomy Nature - nonsense. In all its pictures there are or rays of the midday sun, or a lot of open sky, or a water, or the road. "Morning ..." is completely devoid of all this. Accident? Gloomy mood? No one! The picture turned out to be full of life and joyful fresh energy. Three Bear-Sosques can like to frolic in a similar way, just being complete. The strict Mother-Medvedian would not allow noisy near the human dwelling. Moreover, she does not have two kids, as is usually usual, and already three. The Medveditsa and two cubs drew Savitsky, and the third, that on the right, for greater harmony and believability, Dorissed Shishkin.

The work was very much liked by the famous collector Peter Tretyakov, but he demanded to smear Savitsky's signature, leaving the authorship for Shishkina. Savitsky agreed, although she considered the decision unfair. Very frustrated because of this Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich. A brief biography of a noble person who can compromise is shown on the example of history with this picture. After all, Ivan Ivanovich wrote her for Savitsky and picked up a landscape for the background, corresponding to the plan of a friend, because he himself did not like such deaf places. Tretyakov decided the fate of the picture in his own way. He had some kind of friction with Savitsky.

Childhood

How few artists Ivan Ivanovich disassembled in the intricacies of the image of nature. Where did you get my knowledge of Shishkin? The artist's biography is closely and inextricably linked with the central part of Russia, with its forests, fields and rivers. He was born in Elabuga in a merchant family. And merchants in those days were a respected estate - educated and cultural.

Ivan Ivanovich's father loved books, fond of history, even wrote a book about his native land. Being a rich and successful entrepreneur, he spent considerable funds for charity, whether it is building a church or

Interest in the painting of the son called in it approval. The boys bought paints, paper, hired good teachers. Ivan, in childhood, even painted the fence of his home, which information was preserved in the archives of his hometown. After all, the biography of Shishkin is not a secret and does not have white spots. Everything is clean and transparent as the rays of sunlight on his landscapes. Not being complex and not undergoing sharp takelets and falls, the biography of Shishkin, an artist and a person, was by no means serenely happy and even.

Professional education

Ivan Ivanovich received a good education. He studied in Moscow in the School of Painting and Sculpture, then in the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. These educational institutions gave excellent fundamental knowledge in the field of art and architecture. They became a successful start for many talented people. I did not exception and Ivan Shishkin.

The biography of the artist shows that he was serious and conscientious to study the craft. Vocational education gave the artist an understanding that a picturesque picture is difficult to handle the ability to handle light and shadow, to see everything, but to capture on the canvase only characteristic and basic.

Attitude towards craft

Some amateurants argue that Shishkin's paintings are a kind of photograph of that time.

If chronologically consider the pictures that Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich wrote, a brief biography, not even a brief, and complete traced in his works. They have no politics and social orientation. It is obvious. In his paintings - sensitive attitude to detail. Hence and accuracy, and life in his paintings. Judge for yourself.

There was a certificate of a conversation held between Ivan Ivanovich and Ilyoy Efimovich Repin. Considering the sketches of the forest, Shishkin asked Repin, which tree was fused along the river. Repin was surprised: "I do not know, what's the matter?" Ivan Ivanovich explained that each breed of wood from moisture behaves in different ways. Some logs will swell, others - drown, and the third - repel water. Apparently, he believed that it was important to correctly depict the brica, which were made by rafts. Then only the picture will look reliably. If you use colors, suitable larch, which is sinking in water, then the picture will be a feeling of unreliability, disharmony.

It is precisely accuracy in detail and made a picture of "Morning in the Pine Forest" such a famous. Everything is exactly and honest there. Therefore, his paintings are so loved and popular. Their calm harmony never caused disputes and conflicts.

Lovers of "fried" facts and future secrets have no need to dig in the personal life of the artist. There's all honest and clean. Biography Shishkin, his spiritual experiences, ups and downs - all this in his paintings. For his life, Ivan Ivanovich 66 years old lived, he wrote several hundred paintings.

Artist noon

Why Ivan Shishkin is called an artist noon, it's not difficult to guess. In general, landscape players love to portray nature during sunrise or sunset, in a thunderstorm, storm or fog. Ivan Ivanovich chose this time of day when the shadow is practically absent, and expressiveness and reliability are achieved in other ways. Having lived all my childhood in Elabuga, absorbing the beauty and peace of your beloved edge, Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin will be returned to the dear heart of the scenery. The biography of the artist closely gloves the milestones of his fate and the picturesque canvas created by them. Characteristic in this sense "Rye".

"Rye"

She was written in Elabuga in 1878. The midday sun does not create shadows, but we are clearly feeling the impulses of the wind through the lumber of the summer day. They just began to flutter heavy spikes. A few minutes later the thunderstorm will break out, which moams the earth, and the grain does not occur.

Landscape full of life and healthy energy, but why in the background - dried pine? So in real life does not happen. This tree has long had to cut on firewood. What does Shishkin's biography about this period of his life? He recently buried his wife and two little sons. So in real life there is no, we repeat. I do not agree with such a fate and artist, but he is trying to accept, looking for a way to learn how to live in a new reality. From here and the road leaving in the field. What is ahead? "Is it worth going through it, trying to cure from hot work?", Ivan Shishkin thought. The biography of the artist is encrypted in his creations. This is undoubtedly.

Attempt to start a new life

After a series of tragedies with loved ones, Ivan Ivanovich tried to drown the grief in an old way. However, the hands of the hands were not in his character. Gradually, he coped and began his life at first. Shishkin's biography contains information about his second marriage, but he ended the tragedy. Young wife died. More Ivan Ivanovich was not looking for a companion of life. Helping to raise and educate two girls from the first marriage came the sister of the second wife.

Paintings as a reflection of the situation in the country

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born on January 13, 1832, and died on March 8, 1898. Judging by his drawings, it was the most beautiful, the most relaxed, most fused and serene time for our country, only occasionally dumbfounded, but, in general, the rich and flourished. It was in those years when ordinary students who have good performance received a state scholarship and studied in part in Russia, partly in Italy, France, Germany or other countries. It was also with Shishkin.

Picture-farewell

How did Ivan Shishkin live? Biography are brief and piercing read in his last work-testament "Ship Grove". Not breaking under the blows of fate, and until the end of the life, he preserved light and Christian humility in his heart, without letting the darkness and shadow of the offense and disappointment.

Hundreds of years will be held, and people looking at Shishkin's paintings will find out how our planet looked like when there were still forests and undeveloped territories. They will cover the sense of tenderness to their land, to their small homeland. Artist Shishkin, biography and creativity of which are inextricably linked with Russia, wrote not only domestic landscapes. He has a whole layer of work done in Germany, Switzerland and Finland, where his eldest daughter lived with her husband. He often came to her, and, working at the Plenuel, for his plots chose such places that were reminded to him by Elabuga, I will understand the kama, pine groves.

Marat Akhtyamov

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1932 - 1898) is the brightest star in the pleiad of the Russian masters of the landscape. Nobody showed more skill in the image of Russian nature. All his work was subordinated to the idea as reliably reflect the beauty of nature.

From under the brushes, pencil and engraving cutter Shishkin there were hundreds of works. Some picturesque canvases have several hundred. At the same time, they are very difficult to sort them in terms of writing or skill. Of course, in 60 years he wrote differently than in 20. But there is no sharp differences in the topics, the technique of execution or color gamma between the paintings of the Shishkin.

Such uniformity together with the external simplicity was played with the creative heritage of Shishkin, a sorry joke. Many of those involved in painting, knowledge of painting, or girlfriends of knowledge about painting, consider painting I. I. Shishkin is simple, even primitive. This apparent simplicity took advantage of marketers, as if they were not called in Russia when changing the political regime. As a result, one time of Shishkin could be seen everywhere: in reproductions, rugs, sweets, etc. It was attributed to the shishkina as a manufacturer of something endlessly boring and template.

In fact, of course, the creativity of Ivan Shishkin is diverse and multifaceted. You just need to be able to see it a variety. But for this you need to know the language of painting, key events from the biography of the artist and be able to make intellectual efforts to their understanding

1. Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born in Elabuga (now Tatarstan). His father Ivan Vasilyevich Shishkin was a man gifted, but completely unpleasant in affairs. Having inherited the title of merchant the second guild, he traded so unsuccessful that he first rewrote in the third guild, and then he was prescribed from merchants in the frontier. But in Elabuga, he had a great authority as a scientist. He built a water pipe in the city that then was rare and in cities bigger. Ivan Vasilyevich broke up in the mills and even wrote a guide to their construction. In addition, Shishkin-senior was fond of history and archaeology. He opened the ancient Ananinsky grain nearby nearby, for which he was elected a corresponding member of the Moscow Archaeological Society. For several years, Ivan Vasilyevich was a city head.

Ivan Vasilyevich Shishkin

2. Drawing was given to Ivan easily and occupied almost all his free time. I studied four years in the first Kazan gymnasium, one of the best in the country, he refused to continue learning. He did not want to become a merchant or an official. For a long four years in the family went the battle for the future of the younger son, who wanted to learn painting ("Become a Malarlar" according to the mother). Only in 20 years, parents agreed to let him go to the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture.

Self-portrait in Youth

3. Despite the general unfavorable reviews about the political and cultural setting in Russia in the middle of the XIX century, in the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpting Noodles reigned quite free This school was an approximate analogue of Soviet pedagogical schools - the best graduates went further to the Academy of Arts, the rest could work teachers drawing. From students, in essence, demanded one - to work more. Young shishkina and it was necessary. One of the friends in a letter gently foam to him - they say, all Sokolniki perverted. Yes, in those years, Sokolniki and Sviblovo were dreams where the landscape players went to the etudes.

Building of the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture

4. In the Schishkin School created his first etchings. He did not further throw the graphics and engravings. On the basis of a small artist's artist artist in 1871, a society of Russian aquafortists was created. Shishkin one of the first in Russia began to refers to a picturesque engraving as a separate genre of painting. Early engravers experiences more investigated the possibility of replication of ready-made paintings. Shishkin also sought to create original engravings. He published five albums of the etchings and acquired the fame of the best engrave in Russia.

Engraving "Clouds over Grove"

5. Ivan Ivanovich from youth very painfully dismissed to external estimates of his works. However, no wonder - the family, in view of his own constraint, helped him little, so the welfare of the artist, from the moment of departure to Moscow, almost completely depended on its success. Already much later, in a mature age, he sincerely upset when the Academy, having a highly appreciating one of his works, awarded him to the Order, and did not assign the title of professor. The Order was honorable, but did not give anything in the material plan. In Tsarist Russia, even combat officers bought premium signs on their own. And the title of professor gave a stable constant earnings.

6. Enrolled at the Academy of Arts, Shishkin Several Summer Academic Seasons - so in the Academy it was called that after the production practice would be surrounded by Valaam. The nature of the island located in the north of the Lake Ladoga, fascinated by the artist. Each time, leaving Valaam, he started thinking about returning. On Valaam, he learned to make large drawings with pen, which even professionals sometimes took the engravings. For Valaam's work, Shishkin was awarded several awards for the Academy, including a large gold medal with the inscription "worthy."

One of the sketches from Valaam

7. Ivan Ivanovich loved his homeland not only as nature for landscapes. With a large gold medal, he simultaneously received the right to a long-term paid foreign creative business trip. Taking into account the revenues of the painter it could be the first and last chance in life. But Shishkin asked the leadership of the Academy to replace the foreign voyage by a trip to Kame and Volga to the Caspian Sea. It was shocked not only the bosses. Even close friends of the choir convinced the artist to join the fruits of European enlightenment. In the end, Shishkin surrendered. From the trip, by and large, nothing sensible happened. European masters did not surprise him. The artist tried to write animals and city landscapes, but voluntarily or involuntarily picked up nature, at least something like Balaam beloved. Only the enthusiasm of European colleagues, yes written under taking an advance in St. Petersburg, a picture depicting a herd of cows in the forest. Paris Shishkin dubbed the "perfect Babylon," and did not go to Italy: "It hurts the sweet." Because of the border of Shishkin, he drew early, using the last paid months in order to quickly and work in Elabuga.

The notorious herd of cows

8. Return to Petersburg has become a triumph of the artist. While he was sitting in Elabuga, his European works were produced by Furore. September 12, 1865, he became an academician. His picture "View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf" was asked for the time from the owner of Nikolai Bykov to exhibit at the World Exhibition in Paris. There, Shishkin's canvas adjacent to the pictures of Aivazovsky and Bogolyubov.

View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf

9. Mentioned Nikolai Bykov not only partially paid the trip of Shishkin to Europe. In fact, its influence on the members of the Academy has become decisive in the matter of the artist's rank to the rank of academician. I barely obtained "view in the vicinity of Düsseldorf" by mail, he rushed to mast artists to demonstrate the picture. And the word of Bykov had a considerable weight in artistic circles. He graduated from the Academy himself, but practically nothing wrote. His self-portrait Yes, a copy of the portrait of the Zhukovsky brush Karl Bryullov (it was this copy that was played into the lottery to redeem Shevchenko from the fortress Taras). But the bulls possessed the gift of foresight against young artists. He bought paintings in the young Levitsky, Borovikovsky, Cyproshensky, and, of course, Shishkin, collected in the end the extensive collection.

Nikolai Bykov

10. In the summer of 1868, Shishkin, who then caught the young artist Fyodor Vasilyeva, met His sister Evgenia Alexandrovna. In the fall played a wedding. Spouses loved each other, but marriage did not bring them happiness. The black band began in 1872 - the father of Ivan Ivanovich died. A year later, a two-year-old son died from Tifa (the artist himself also sick). Behind him, Fedor Vasilyev went away. In March 1874, Shishkin lost his spouse, and in a year another little son died.

Evgenia Aleksandrovna, the first spouse of the artist

11. Do not be I. I. Shishkin with an outstanding artist, he could well become a scientist-nerd. The desire to realistically transmit live nature forced him to meet the plants meticulously. This was engaged in this and during the first trip to Europe, and during the pensioner (i.e., at the expense of the Academy) of voyage to the Czech Republic. At hand, he has always had determinants of plants and a microscope that was rare for paint artists. But the naturalism of some works of the artist looks very documentary.

12. The first product of Shishkin, purchased by the famous patron of Pavlom Tretyakov, was the picture "Noon. In the vicinity of Moscow. " The artist was flattered by the attention of the famous collector, and I also reversed 300 rubles per canvas. Later, the Tretyakov bought many paintings by Shishkin, and the prices of them were invariably grew. For example, for the picture "Sosnovy Bor. The mast forest in the Vyatka province "Tretyakov paid 1,500 rubles.

Noon. In the vicinity of Moscow

13. Shishkin took an active part in the creation and work of the partnership of mobile art exhibitions. In fact, all his creative life since 1871 was associated with the Movements. The same "Sosnovy Bor ..." the audience first saw in the first mobile exhibition. In the company, Shishkin, Ivan Kramsky met Ivan Ivan Ivanovich's highly appreciated painting. Artists became friends and conducted a lot of time with families on the outbound sketches. Kramskaya considered Shishkin by the artist of the European level. In one of the letters from Paris, he wrote Ivan Ivanovich that if any of his canvases were brought to the salon, the public would take on the hind legs.

Movements. When Shishkin said, his bass interrupted everyone

14. In early 1873, Shishkin became a professor of landscape painting. This title Academy assigned on the results of the competition, to which everyone presented their work. Shishkin became a professor for the painting "Forest Wilderness". The title of professor, who was allowed to officially recruit students, he deserved for a long time. Kramskaya wrote that Shishkin can gain 5 - 6 people on Etudes, and everyone will teach everyone, whereas from the Academy comes out at 10 years old, and that crippled. On one of his student, Olga Podgoda, Shishkin married in 1880. This marriage, unfortunately, was still shorter than the first - Olga Alexandrovna died, hardly time to give birth to daughter, in 1881. In 1887, the artist published an album of the paintings of the late wife. The official pedagogical activity of Shishkin was as short. Without having the opportunity to choose students, he resigned a year after appointment.

15. The artist walked up with the times. When the process of photographing and making pictures has become more or less accessible to the general public, he purchased the camera and the necessary accessories and began to actively use the photo in the work. Recognizing the imperfection of the then photography, Shishkin appreciated what she gives the opportunity to work in winter, when there is no possibility to write landscapes from nature.

16. Unlike most of the representatives of the creative professions, I. I. Shishkin referred to work, as a service. He sincerely did not understand people waiting for the arrival of inspiration. Work - and inspiration will come. And colleagues, in turn, were surprised by Shishkin's performance. In letters and memories mention this. Kramskaya, for example, was amazed by a pile of drawings, brought Shishkin from a short trip to Crimea. Even a friend Ivan Ivanovich assumed that unlike what he wrote his friend, landscapes would require some time to addictive. And Shishkin went out on nature and wrote the Crimean Mountains. This performance helped him get rid of alcohol dependence in heavy periods of life (there was such a sin).

17. The famous painting "Morning in the Pine Forest" was written by I. I. Shishkin in collaboration with Konstantin Savitsky. Savitsky showed a colleague genre sketch with two bearings. Shishkin mentally surrounded the figures with a landscape with a landscape and suggested Savitsky to write a picture together. It was agreed that Savitsky will receive a quarter of the selling price, and Shishkin is everything else. During the operation, the number of cubs increased to four. Their figures wrote Savitsky. The picture was written in 1889 and had a great success. Pavel Tretyakov bought it for 4,000 rubles, 1,000 of which was co-author Shishkin. Later Tretyakov for the incomprehensible reason of the Star Signature Savitsky from the canvas.

All seen this picture

18. In 1890, Shishkin supported close friendship with the colleague Archka Queenji. According to the niece of Shishkin, who lived in his house, Queenji came to the shishkina almost daily. Both artists raised with some mobile phone on the issue of participation in the reform of the Academy of Arts: the bumps and Queenges were for participation, and even worked on the draft of the new charter, and some of the mobile phone were categorically against. And Kindji can be considered co-author of Shishkin's painting "In the north of wild" - Komarov recalls that Ivanovich's archup put a small point depicting a distant fire at the ready-made canvas.

"In the north of the wilderness ..." Ogonok Kindji is not visible, but he is

19. On November 26, 1891, a large exhibition of works by Ivan Shishkin opened in the Academy's Hall. For the first time in the history of Russian painting, not only finished works, but also preparatory fragments were shown: sketches, sketches, drawings, etc. The artist conceived to show how the picture is born, illustrate the process of its appearance. Despite the critical feedback from colleagues, he made such exhibitions traditional.

20. Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin died in his workshop on March 8, 1898. He worked with his student Grigory Gurkin. Gurkin sat in the far corner of the workshop and heard wheezing. He managed to run up, picked up the teacher who bursts on his side and drag him to the couch. On her Ivan Ivanovich and died in a few minutes. Buried him at the Smolensk cemetery in St. Petersburg. In 1950, the burial of I. I. Shishkin was transferred to Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

In January 2012, a very significant date - 180th anniversary of our country house - a native of Elabugi, truly the great painter, whose masterpieces are decorated with the Tretyakov Gallery and many other Russian and world museums, and Many Other Russian and world museums, and many other Russian and world museums.

It is known, he is known, but much is it, in essence, we know about him? .. To tell about the little-known facts of the biography of the artist "Week" asked the writer-historian, the author of the book "Shishkin", published in the series "Life of wonderful people", Lion Anisova.

Elabuga - "Body of God"

"In order to understand the artist, first of all, you need to turn to the study of the world, which surrounded him in the first years of life, - family, nature, church, - said Lev Anisov. - Silent, provincial city, father-in-house, church, which was nearby ... One Elabuganka told me about local beauties - "Body of God". More precisely, in my opinion, you will not think up. That is what has formed a small vane.

Shishkina - an old merchant race. All these were honest people, master: someone lied bells, someone collected some hours ... Grandfather Shishkin loved the old book, his father was the city chapter, a man read and enlightened. Although the merchant, and the personality is very interesting, not as an example of modern "checkpits". The merchants in the XIX century were people who always remembered that they live in Russia and for Russia. Of course, they "cast" an extra penny to their goods, but did not forget to put the temple or build a water supply for the native city.

On the holidays of Shishkina always brought the beggars, they fed them and pierced, thus giving the departed, because at that time it was believed that their souls came to the house exactly with the poor. Shishkin's father was very fond of history, often brought Vanya for the arts books and the first of Elabugan released a book about his hometown. Of course, on a small Vanya, he made a huge impression by the stories about Russian Starne.

Do I need to say that little Ivan loved drawing? In childhood, he was called "Mazil", because even a fence of her house, he managed to paint! Wherever Ivan Ivanovich was subsequently - he studied in the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture, whether the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts was attended - he still missed his native elabug and was looking for places similar to his relatives.

Under the influence of the priest

Right from Elabuga was another amazing person - Kapital Ivanovich Nevostroev. He was a priest, served in Simbirsk. Noticing his craving for science, the rector of the Moscow Spiritual Academy proposed Nevostroev to move to Moscow and to describe the Slavic manuscripts stored in the Synodal Library. They began together, and then Kapital Ivanovich continued alone and gave a scientific description of all historical documents.

So, it was Kapitail Ivanovich Nevostroev put the strongest influence on Shishkin (as Elabuzhan, they supported the connection in Moscow). He said: "Beauty, surrounding us, is the beauty of divine thought, spilled in nature, and the task of the artist - as soon as possible convey this thought on its web." That is why Shishkin is so scrupulous in his landscapes. He will not confuse him with anyone.

Tell me as an artist artist ...

- Forget the word "photographic" and never relate it to the name of Shishkin! - Lev Mikhailovich was indignant to my question about the stunning accurate Schishkin landscapes. - The camera is a mechanical device that simply fixes the forest or the field at this time with this lighting. Photo is soulless. And in every smear of the artist - the feeling that he is experiencing to the surrounding nature.

So what is the secret of a great painter? After all, looking at his "Creek in the Birch Forest", we are clearly heard the murmur and splashing of water, and admiring "rye", in the literal sense, feel the wind of the wind!

"Shishkin as no other knew nature," the writer shares. - He knew the life of plants perfectly, to some extent was even a scientist-nerd. Once Ivan Ivanovich came to the workshop to Repin and, considering his new picture, where the alloy of rafpeds on the river was portrayed, from which tree they were. "What's the difference?!" - Surprised Repin. And then Shishkin began to explain that the difference is Great: if you build a raft from one tree, the logs can swell, if from the other - will go to the bottom, but from the third - it will be a reference floating agent! His knowledge of nature was phenomenal!

Hungry should not be

"The artist must be hungry" - says famous aphorism.

- And indeed, the belief that the artist should be far from all material and engaged exclusively by creativity, firmly entrenched in our consciousness, "the lion of Anisov argues. - Here, for example, Alexander Ivanov, who wrote the "phenomenon of Christ to the people," was so passionate about his work, which sometimes scolded the water from the fountain and was content with the crust of bread! But still this condition is far from necessarily, and it certainly did not apply to Shishkin.

How do your masterpieces, Ivan Ivanovich, nevertheless, lived in full life and did not experience big material difficulties. He was married twice, loved and appreciated the comfort. And he loved and appreciated beautiful women. And this is despite the fact that on people who knew him poorly, the artist made an impression of an extremely closed and even a sullen subject (in his school for this reason they even called the "monk").

In fact, Shishkin was a bright, deep, versatile person. But only in a narrow company of close people, his true essence was manifested: the artist became himself and turned out to be talkative and joking.

Glory nuts very early

Russian - yes, however, not only Russian! - The story knows a lot of examples when great artists, writers, composers received recognition of the general public only after death. In the case of shishkin, everything was different.

By the time of the end of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, Shishkin was well known abroad, and when a young artist studied in Germany, his work was sold well and bought! The case is known when the owner of one Munich shop never agreed to part with several drawings and the etchings of Shishkin, who decorated his shop. Glory and recognition came to the landscapeist very early.

Artist noon

Shishkin - artist noon. Usually artists love sunsets, sunrises, storms, fogs - all these phenomena write really interesting. But write noon when the sun stands in Zenith, when you do not see the shadows and merges everything, is the highest pilot, the peak of artistic creativity! To do this, you need to feel so thin! In all Russia, perhaps there were five artists who could convey all the beauty of the midday landscape, and among them - Shishkin.

In any hut - reproduction of Shishkin

Lively nearby from the sacrifices of the painter, we, of course, believe (or hope!) That he repelled them on their canvases. However, our interlocutor hurried to disappoint. The geography of Shishkin works are extremely wide. Studying in the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, he wrote Moscow landscapes - visited Troit-Sergiev Lavra, worked a lot in the Losinoostrovsky Forest, Sokolniki. Living in St. Petersburg, drove on Valaam, in Sestroretsk. Becoming a mastic artist, visited Belarus - drew in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Shishkin worked a lot and abroad.

However, in the last years of life, Ivan Ivanovich often drove in Elabugu and also wrote local motives. By the way, one of his most famous, hurried landscapes - "Rye" - was written just somewhere near his native places.

"He saw the nature of his people with the eyes of his people and was loved by the people," says Lev Mikhailovich. - In any rustic house in a prominent place, it was possible to discover the reproduction of his work "among the valley of the flat ...", "in the north of the wild ...", "Morning in the Pine Forest".

Who painted Toptygin?

By the way, about "morning ...". Curious history of this masterpiece. The fact is that Shishkin was closely friends with the artist Konstantin Savitsky, in honor of whom he even called his son (and who trusted to be the godfather of his children). Naturally, they were each other in workshops. One day, Savitsky shared with a shishkin idea: he wanted to portray bears. This idea of \u200b\u200bthe landscapeist was very excited, and, pushing from her, he, in turn, decided to write a nirious corner of nature, where the leg of man did not go. Symphony, the music of this untouched forest civilization wanted to convey to Shishin. So on the canvas appeared a wonderful, fairy forest. The family of bears in it "prescribed" due to the brush of Savitsky.

When the picture saw the light and was bought by the collector of painting by Peter Tretyakov, Savitsky did not apply to the authorship at all, because he only helped a friend (then it was in the order of things: so, the lady on the painting Isaac Levitan "Autumn Day Sokolniki" wrote Nikolai Chekhov, And the sky on the famous canvas of Vasily Perov "Prival Hunters" - Alexey Savrasov). Shishkin him surname still pointed. However, Tretyakov had friction with Savitsky, and he stated: "I only bought a picture of Shishkin - Savitsky did not buy!" It happened that Shishkin turned out to be the sole author, perhaps the most famous landscape in Russia ...