Material for studying the history of exam. How to prepare for the exam in history - tips for a graduate

The USE in history is one of the popular elective exams. It is passed by those who go to humanitarian faculties: journalism, jurisprudence, political science. Many people think that history is an easy subject and that you can prepare for the USE in history from scratch and in a year. Is it so?

The average history score is low compared to other elective subjects. Many people try to pass the USE in history, but they usually pass it badly, especially if they are preparing for the USE in history from scratch. A “two” is unlikely to be given, but it will not be enough for admission!

What graduates from the USE program in history do not know? They do not know cultural studies, cartography, they cannot compare (synchronize) the events of foreign and domestic history. Historical figures and terminology are confused. Highly a large number of incorrect answers in the second part, where it is necessary to give arguments in support of the position or in refutation.

The last question in the version of the USE in history is an essay. For it, 11 primary points are given, but few of the students gain them.

How to prepare for the exam in history from scratch? If we now begin to teach history, and at the same time did not learn history either in the seventh and eighth grade, or later, then where do we start? The first thing we pay attention to is the chronology. Yes, this is knowledge of events in chronological order. Which event follows which. And this is the most difficult thing for students! How do you learn all the dates if there are so many of them? It is good that there are not many questions in the exam, where the knowledge of dates is checked up to the day! Nevertheless, there are so many events and dates that a high school student may become desperate.

How to learn events and dates in preparation for the exam in history from scratch? As an expert I recommend this memorization technique.

Let's say you are studying the X century. There are many events: the war with Byzantium in 907-911, the uprising of the Drevlyans, the pagan reform of Vladimir, the baptism of Rus, and that's not all! How can you remember all this? First let us remember that this is our tenth century, then we will "arrange" the personalities who ruled at that time, in chronological order. Prince Oleg, to the next place - Prince Igor, Princess Olga, Svyatoslav and Vladimir. And then to each of the princes we will "tie" the event that took place during his reign. Thus, we get a chronological sequence.

With its help, you can easily answer the question of what event happened before - the uprising of the Drevlyans or the baptism of Rus. You will immediately remember that first there was Oleg, and then Vladimir. So the Drevlyan uprising was earlier, and the baptism of Rus - later.

Here is such a great trick for memorizing chronology - take it and use it. By the way, each ruler must also “tie” his contemporaries! For example, Yaroslav's contemporary was Metropolitan Hilarion, Ivan the Terrible's contemporary was Metropolitan Macarius. And if you come across a question, which of the metropolitans lived earlier and who later, you can easily answer it, knowing that first Prince Yaroslav ruled, and only then Tsar Ivan the Terrible.

The second thing that is important when preparing for the exam in history from scratch: while studying topics, it is necessary to simultaneously learn cartography. For example, we are studying a historical person - Prince Oleg. We look at the map: with whom he fought, how he expanded the territory of Kievan Rus. What historical monuments were built. We build associative connections. Example: Prince Vladimir - Church of the Tithes. It happens that the textbook does not contain her current appearance. Then Google will help us! We are looking for and find an illustration - the reconstruction of the Church of the Tithes. And of course, you need to know the architects who built the temple.

And this means that when preparing for the exam in history from scratch, you must:
knowledge of dates
knowledge of historical figures
cartography
cultural studies
terminology.

Preparing for the exam in history from scratch, make a plate: century, ruler, his domestic policy, foreign policy (reforms, wars). In the next column - write down the terms, the next column - contemporaries.

And then - the second part of the exam in history. To prepare for the exam in history from scratch, you need to read a lot - “read” the material. Use different sources. This will help make sense of the text that you will see in the assignment in the second part. You will need to determine the time, the ruler, the main events described in this text. And then - the following questions, where it is necessary to write arguments to confirm or refute the position. This is one of the most difficult questions.

For example, the baptism of Rus: its positive and negative meanings, that is, two arguments must be given with a plus sign and two - with a minus sign. This means that it is necessary to consider debatable issues, of which there are a lot in history.

In the classroom, we devote a lot of time to such discussion questions and develop a base that will help to correctly perform such tasks.

Now about writing an essay. An essay is one of the most difficult topics on the exam in history. It is necessary to determine exactly what events took place. Events relate to one of three periods: this is the period of the Rurikovich rule, the Romanov period and the Soviet period. My recommendation is to carefully work out exactly the second period. Further, it is necessary to write why the event occurred, the content of the event and its consequence, describe the persons who are associated with this event, what role they played.
And plus the historical assessment of this period - with a plus sign and with a minus sign.

In our courses, we give an essay writing algorithm. We memorize the chronology and analyze the events from the positive and from the negative side. This is how the whole picture is formed. And more additional material that is not in the textbook. Featured films and historical literature.

When you are preparing for the USE in history from scratch, by the month of March you should have a complete historical picture, and then - working out the tasks and difficult questions of the USE in history. History should not only be taught - history should be lived - in order to pass the exam well.

The history tutor guides, focuses on the difficult questions of the exam, teaches how to write an essay, arguing a position, identifying chronological sequence, introduces cartography and cultural studies.

When choosing a future profession, the question arises about the place of further study. You can get into the best university in the country and the most demanded faculty only if you have received an estimate close to 100 points for all the required USE. If historical knowledge is required for the chosen specialty, you should find out how to better and more effectively prepare for the USE in history in order to earn the maximum possible points.

USE 2018 in history

History in 2018 is an optional exam. The right to choose is given to the student himself, and depends on the university and the direction of specialization where it is decided to enter.

For those who pass history, the road opens to the top universities of the country in the most diverse areas.

What tasks does the exam include?

You can get acquainted with the demo version of the USE 2018 in history on the official website www.fipi.ru/. The exam consists of 2 parts, it includes 25 tasks.

The first part covers 19 tasks that test the basic level of knowledge. Almost all of them offer answer options. It is required to correctly enter the desired number in the allotted cells.

The second part consists of 6 tasks of increased complexity.

• Tasks from 20 to 22 are performed on the basis of the excerpt from the document given in the text of the exam. They test not only knowledge of history, but also the ability to analyze and systematize the proposed documentary source.
• Questions 23 and 24 are well-reasoned mini-works of reasoning, in which, based on a given historical material, you need to bring at least 2 facts to prove your thoughts. Otherwise, the points will be reduced.
• Task 25 is a real composition based on one of the proposed historical periods of time. The task is the most capacious in terms of points (11 points), but also the most difficult.

It is almost impossible to prepare for the USE in history in a month due to the huge amount of information

Examples of

The website https://hist-ege.sdamgia.ru/ is convenient for preparing for the exam. In it you have the opportunity to pass the entire test in its entirety and find out the points awarded, or you can select a separate topic and work through the proposed tasks on it. All options are updated monthly. A timer is also installed that records the elapsed time for responses.

Several examples of suggested assignments.

Task 1. It is necessary to correctly arrange 3 events in chronology:

1. The murder of Prince Igor.
2. Foundation of Novgorod.
3. Formation of the empire of Charlemagne.

Not only historical knowledge related to Russia is required, but also basic information on world history. An event from 1 point happened in 945, from 2 points - in 862 and from 3 points - in 800. The answer to 1 task should look like this: 321.

Task 2. It is required to establish a correspondence between events and dates:

When completing this task, you should find events that are 100% known. For example, the baptism of Russia (988) and the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (1941). Further, from the remaining dates, you need to remove those that are definitely not suitable: 2013 and 1054. 1564 and 1648 remain. The reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov is known for several riots, among which there was a salt one. It must correspond to 1648. Answer: A-5, B-3, B-6, G-2.

Task 9. Indicate the correspondence of the terms and the rulers at whose time they appeared.

Answer: A-3, B-1, B-2, B-5.

Task 25. It is proposed to write an essay, choosing one of the periods: 1425–1505, 1762–1796, 1941–1943. You should indicate at least 2 personalities of this period and 2 events.

When choosing the period 1941-1943, it is known that the Great Patriotic War was famous big amount military leaders: Zhukov G.K., Rokossovsky K.K., Govorov L.A. The commander-in-chief was Stalin I.V. The most famous battles and events in the initial period of the war: the battle for Moscow, the battle of Stalingrad, the defense of Leningrad, the defense of Sevastopol.

What specialties will require passing the exam

Knowledge of history is required for admission to the following areas and specialties:

• history;
• archeology;
• philosophy;
• cultural studies;
• art history;
• sociology;
• religious studies;
• theology;
• political science;
• linguistics;
• international relationships;
• tourism;
• hotel business.

How to quickly and effectively prepare for the exam in history

It is impossible to gain in-depth knowledge of Russian history in a short period of time. In addition, the USE contains tasks that require basic knowledge of world history. Due to the large volume, preparation for the history exam should be done in advance, from grade 10. For 2 years, you can work out in depth the material that covers not only knowledge of dates, events and figures, but also the ability to work with maps, analyze historical documents.

If you decide to take history, it is better to start preparing for the exam at least a year in advance.

Study the subject yourself or contact a tutor? This issue is decided by everyone individually. It should be borne in mind that no tutor can put a large number of dates and events into his head. You will have to memorize it yourself. A good tutor will be able to guide and organize the preparation process, talk about the subtleties and criteria for evaluating assignments.

In a few months

When preparing for history, it will be more difficult to master deeply all the historical material in a few months.

• It is recommended that you practice the subject every day. It is not worthwhile to pounce on history one day and then forget about it for a week.
• Classes should be divided into several parts. In 1 part, study the theory. The educational material is not easy to read, but to draw up a plan or outline based on the information that was gleaned from the topic under study. Take a short break for better assimilation of the material. Then, in 2 parts, solve tests on the theory read, of which a large variety is offered on the Internet. This will help to assimilate and consolidate the topic.
• Based on the worked out material, it is recommended to study all the maps available in the textbooks, view illustrations and posters related to the period in question.
• While resting, do not relax. You need to usefully spend your free time watching documentaries on historical topics.

When studying topics, you should arrange them in the correct chronological order, without tearing out separate pieces of material. Then the cause-and-effect relationships of all subsequent events will be clear.

For 1 month

The less time is left before the exam, the less material the examinee can learn. In a month, one can only superficially study the main moments of history. It is impossible to get an in-depth knowledge of the subject in such a short period.

In 25 tasks, usually 3 options for historical periods are offered. As practice shows, the 20th century is always present in them. It is worth paying more attention to the study of materials on this time: characteristics of historical figures, their reforms, events. There will not be enough time for a detailed study of other periods.

It is impossible to independently study and systematize all the historical material in a month. You can use the services of professionals. A number of universities offer express training for the exam. You should choose an educational institution in which history is a core subject.

1-2 weeks in advance

It is impossible to prepare a few weeks before any exam. In such a short period of time, you can only go through the entire material once again, refreshing it in your memory. Even if the student has a unique memory for the week, you can only memorize the dates and names of the main personalities. But there is hardly time left for the study of historical documents, reforms, maps and illustrations, a deep study of any historical period for writing an essay. You should not count on a high score with this approach to the subject.

How to properly allocate time for the exam

All history tasks are given 3 hours and 55 minutes. To be able to complete time-consuming tasks, you need to properly distribute the examination time. Do not spend more than 3-5 minutes on each question from Part 1. If in doubt, it is best to move on to the next questions. After passing all the tasks of the 1st part, you should return to the unanswered questions and try to consider them again.

You can take 10-15 minutes to complete the tasks of the 2nd part. The time should be allocated in such a way that there is a free hour for the essay on task 25.

Some students try to start with part 2, getting carried away with writing an essay. It is difficult to control time on the exam, so this approach may lead to the fact that there will be no time left for completing other tasks. In addition, starting with difficult tasks, you can panic when you discover a lack of knowledge on the proposed tasks. It is recommended to move from simple to complex. This will help you better tune in to more difficult questions.

Having chosen a specialty for which the results of the exam in history are required, you need to properly organize training. It is required to rationally allocate time between studying theory, performing tests, acquaintance with historical maps and illustrations. A minimum of 2 hours a day should be set aside for preparation. It is recommended to study topics in chronological order. Coming to the consideration of the next period, constantly refer to the materials already covered, consolidating them. It is quite possible to prepare for the exam on your own. A good tutor can only give the right direction, explain the subtleties of the design of the 2nd part of the assignments.

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There are always so many dates, names and events in history that your head is spinning. Try making flashcards to memorize a lot of information. Mnemonic tricks are another great way to memorize data, and can add some fun to the boring preparation process. In addition to stating facts, you also need to learn how to compare information and draw conclusions. In each lesson, take notes, outline notes, diagrams, and graphs to capture broad topics. When preparing for the exam, try to do a little every day, rather than cramming at the last moment, rest and eat right.

Steps

How to remember information

Make cards with concepts, names, and dates. When preparing for the history exam, there are many dates, names, events, and other facts to remember. Review all notes and tutorials to select keywords. Make a list and make cards. Write the word on one side and the definition or explanation on the other.

• If you find it difficult to make a list, then ask the teacher to identify the key dates, personalities and events that will be in the questions on the exam.

1. Speak the information out loud when making or reading notes. Seeing, speaking, hearing, and touching an object will help your brain establish stronger connections and remember data better. Read the textbook aloud and speak the text as you make the flashcards.

   • You can also record your voice while you work. Listen to the recordings and follow the text through the textbook or flashcards.

2. Memorize facts using mnemonic techniques. Memorizing facts is boring, but simple and quick mnemonic methods can add variety to your work. Among other things, they help you better remember important information.

   How to tie facts into a single picture

   1. Read the curriculum and look for overlapping topics. A curriculum is one document that contains a list of topics for each lesson and a list of references to read. If you look at all the titles, lesson plans, and other information provided, it’s easier to understand how the different topics overlap in this course.

      • Ask yourself: How are all facts and personalities organized in the program? Do points of plans contain hints or help you find answers to important questions? How are the individual topics of the lessons related? ”.

   2. Analyze the information and write a short outline or plan. Create a study guide or outline that displays the information and organization of the data from the curriculum. Use the program as a plan to get a guide to help you prepare for the exam.

      • There is no need to mechanically rewrite the synopsis, otherwise the tutorial will be useless. It is important to identify the main themes and key facts that need to be systematized.
      • For example, to organize lectures on the First World War, make a list of the countries that took part in it (including the rulers). Indicate the reasons for the conflicts below. Finally, list important battles and dates, temporary truces and final outcomes.

   3. Create a diagram or map of connections between facts. When preparing for the history exam, it is the charts, maps and tables that will be the best way to visualize the material. In addition to convenience, visual cues such as timelines, family trees, and charts will help you see the big picture.

      • For example, a family tree and timelines will help you study all Russian tsars and the years of their reign.

   4. Ask your teacher for help. The teacher is your main assistant! Always ask if you do not know how to correctly formulate the answer to a question.

      • For example, learn the exam format, the key messages of each lesson, and key facts.

   How to choose a preparation strategy

   1. Study the material in a timely manner. Start preparing in advance, because you can't learn everything overnight. Review your notes and lesson notes every time you do your homework. Before exams, you can prepare more intensively, but you will already have a solid foundation. It is enough just to repeat the passed material.

   2. Learn the format of the exam. Try to find out how the exam will take place. Knowledge assessment can be oral, written and in the form of tests.

      • When preparing for the tests, you need to remember the dates, events and definitions well, so use the cards.
      • If the exam is conducted in the format of written answers to questions, then it is important to analyze and compare historical facts, as well as to understand different interpretations of events.

   3. Try to anticipate the questions. Put yourself in the instructor's shoes and try to formulate potential questions. Practice giving oral or written answers, and also check yourself against the information on the cards.

      • It is convenient to work in groups to work through the questions, since each participant will create a series of questions and will be able to check the rest.

   4. Take mock exams. If you are preparing for a school exam, prepare questions and team up with other classmates or ask relatives to check on you. In preparation for the entrance exam, you can take mock exams at the university or ask current students about the questions of last year's exams.

      • Try searching the Internet for tips, answers to questions, and other useful information. Also on the net you can find tests on specific topics to test your own knowledge.

   5. It is important to sleep well and eat well before the exam. You don't need to study late the night before the exam. Try to lie down at your usual time, relax, and get a good night's sleep. In the morning, you need to eat a nutritious breakfast and lunch if the exam is carried out in the late afternoon.

      • If you feel that you still need to prepare, then review your plans and repeat all the facts. Try not to worry and stay confident.

Hello, dear readers of the site, applicants, teachers and, probably, parents! All of you, of course, are rooting for applicants to pass the USE by 100 points and enter prestigious universities. This desire is understandable. However, its execution depends on the quality of the preparation itself.

In the last post, when we analyzed Khrushchev's rule, I promised that I would post a post on this topic. Preparing for an exam in history is quite a serious business and you should not approach it dismissively. In this article, I’ll just sort out the mistakes that 95% of all guys make, and also outline the paths you follow to successfully prepare for the story.

It is no secret that there is a lot of material on history, and learning it all is an extremely time-consuming task. How to do it correctly? Read on and find out!

Many students make unforgivable mistakes. Now I will list them, if you do this, stop doing it. So, preparing for the exam in history is correct!

Common preparation mistakes

Mistake # 1... Students simply read the history textbook thinking they will remember everything after reading it. When they have read it, we are sure that they know the topic. Alas - this confidence is refuted by the very first screening test.

OUTPUT: Reading is not a high-quality memorization of the material!

Mistake # 2. Students hope to be able to study the material a week before the exam. As a result, they drag out the study of the material, then "wake up" and realize that they are not doing anything, since there is clearly a lot of material.

OUTPUT: never delay the study of the material, especially on history !!!

Mistake number 3. Students read the textbook, try to memorize all the dates and definitions - but it does not work, since there are a lot of them.

OUTPUT: never try to learn everything thoroughly - it is impossible, unless you have a photographic memory!

Mistake # 4. Students begin to prepare for the USE in history 10 months before the USE and do it sequentially, studying topics in chronological order. As a result, they only have time to prepare on the topics, but do not have time to solve the tests, to work out the skill of solving them.

OUTPUT: if you started preparing for the USE in history in grade 11, then prepare not in chronological order.

Now I’m actually explaining exactly how to prepare for the exam. There are two ways.

The first way

You have been preparing since grade 10. In this case, it is necessary to prepare according to chronology, sequentially. That is, first, Ancient Russia ... etc. by periods. After studying each period, you must run tests right away... How exactly do you teach? Take a notebook with notes (school or the one that was filled out during preparation with a tutor), take a normal manual, and cards. Maps can be downloaded from the Internet. Also prepare a blank sheet of paper and a pen.

Choose a topic. First, you read the notebook, refreshing the general material in your memory, then read the SAME TOPIC in the textbook or manual, comparing what is new in the textbook and what is not in the notebook. In parallel, look at the map corresponding to this period. On a sheet of paper, write down a plan for an ORAL answer to this topic. The plan should be complete, but the wording itself is short. The volume of the plan should not exceed a notebook sheet, but it should be segmented into paragraphs and subparagraphs.

By doing this, you immediately hone at least three skills: the skill of working with texts, the skill of generalizing the material and writing it down in a new concise form - a plan. The skill of finding new information in addition to what has already been learned. In addition, by making an outline for each topic studied, you will receive short answer plans for all topics of the course! In the future, in order to remember the material, it will be enough just to look at the plan! A history course worked out in this way will be the guarantor of your quality training.

Instead of cards and books, it is better to use. After all, the visual presentation of the material is 5-10 times more efficient.

The second way

You have been preparing since grade 11. In this case, you do not have time for consistent study. Rather, there is. But in order to properly work on each topic, you will have to spend at least 3-4 hours a day! Indeed, in each topic there are personalities, wars, reforms, etc. Therefore, you are preparing in blocks. For example: block “Foreign policy. Interaction with the South. " Here you are looking for all the wars that Russia waged with the East and South, from Ancient Rus to 1991. You disassemble these wars according to plan: Prerequisites, Causes, Reason, Course of Events, Results.

Write down the plan of each war in a separate notebook. Of course, you use maps, manuals, the Internet. Next, take a topic, for example "Serfdom", and look for all the material from 1497 to 1861. Make a plan on this topic as short as possible, but complete in content.

Of course, after each topic you solve thematic tests. In doing so, you, firstly, create a plan for each topic, and secondly, study the entire topic completely from start to finish! Having studied all the topics in this way, you will not have to think about those periods that you did not have time to study! This is simply not possible with this approach!

Here, dear friends, we are preparing for the exam in history! Of course, you may think that this is unrealistic. But believe me, the main thing in preparing for the exam is not memorizing the material, but its systematization! Look also at this material on self-preparation for the exam ... And memorization happens by itself after working through each topic independently directly in the course of systematization!

The third way

Today, however, self-study is not good at all for several reasons. The main ones are the illusions of the guys about their time, as well as the illusion that they just have an excellent memory, thanks to which they will instantly remember everything.

In fact, when they start analyzing topics, there is despondency, and sometimes even nervous breakdowns - because there is really a lot of material.

Therefore, the third way to properly prepare for the USE in history is associated with professional training, when a professional prepares you for the USE. I am such a pro, and since 2015 we have opened our training courses, in which the whole theory is laid out on the shelves, according to the Unified State Exam Codifier.

Thanks to our courses, dozens of children have already passed exams for points above 90 (!) In this discipline and entered the university on a budget. Because in our courses we also build an individual strategy for admission to the university. Nobody does this, only us!

To find out more about our courses, just click on this button:

Today, many high school graduates prefer to choose such a subject as "History" for taking the Unified State Exam. Anyone who believes that this is a subject that is easy to understand and deliver is deeply mistaken. Nevertheless, if you have made your choice, then you need to know what are the main points of independent preparation for the exam in history from scratch.

The main mistakes of graduates

In the process of preparing for the history exam, schoolchildren often think that it is enough for them to read the necessary material about a particular historical event in order to understand everything. This is a common mistake, since in the process of reading a person does not know what should be paid more attention to and what less. The memory is not able to contain all the information.

Many, relying on their ability to work, believe that they will be able to master the material a week before passing the exam. Do not flatter yourself. Understanding of history can come only with the systematic study of the new, the repetition of the old and the constant control of the knowledge gained.

Most students think that as they read their textbooks, they will memorize all dates and historical terms. Very few people succeed in this, since the amount of information is huge. There is no need to try to remember absolutely everything, a normal person cannot do this.

If you start preparing for the USE only from the beginning of grade 11 in chronological order, then before the exam you may not have time to master everything, and even more so to solve the tests. Therefore, with a short preparation time, it is better to move away from the chronology in mastering the material.

Consider two options for preparing for the exam in history: starting from grade 10 and starting from grade 11. The main factor here is the preparation time. Based on this, a strategy is built in each of the cases.

Preparation for the exam in history from grade 10

When preparing for the exam in advance, that is, starting from grade 10, you will have enough time to study the material well and control your knowledge. For this reason, you need to study the material in chronological order. First, the Old Russian state is studied, then the Middle Ages, the New Time, and only then modernity. After studying the relevant period, you need to thoroughly pass the tests on this topic. It is necessary to be tested until persistent positive results are obtained. Only after that is it worth moving on to the next period.

The very preparation on the topic begins with the study of abstracts, manuals and maps. First, you should study the notes in notebooks. Then the same material should be read in the textbook and other manuals with reference to the map. You should notice information that was missing in the notes. Then, on paper, you need to write a plan of everything studied. It should be short and include paragraphs and sub-paragraphs for which it is easy to orally reproduce all the information received. This approach guarantees the formation of persistent knowledge, since a large number of brain regions are involved for memorization.

Preparation for the exam in history from grade 11

When preparing from grade 11, there is no time for chronological study of the material, so you need to study it in blocks. For example, choosing the "Wars" block, you need to study all military conflicts in Russia according to the following scheme: the preconditions of the war, its causes, what was the reason, the main events and results of the conflict. Be sure to use visual aids and maps. In the same way, we approach the study of other blocks "Foreign Policy", "Culture and Art", "Serfdom" and so on. After each block, you need to solve tests until a stable positive result appears. This approach does not allow you to study absolutely all the topics of the history course, but it gives you confidence in the successful passing of the exam. It is enough to select a few basic topics that are most frequently encountered in tests.

It must be remembered that the main thing is not memorizing all the material, but its competent systematization! Therefore, the entire amount of knowledge gained must be placed on a chronological scale with dates. This will allow you to better navigate historical events.