Mathematical tales about geometric shapes. Fun geometry

Topic: "The Tale of Geometric Figures" (younger group)

Target: improve the ability to compare two unequal groups of objects, use expressions equally, more, less; the ability to distinguish between familiar geometric shapes: circle, square, triangle

Exercise to determine the spatial arrangement of objects using prepositions for, for, in, under.

Tasks:

Educational: Continue to teach how to use the application correctly, lay out from left to right. Visually determine the size of objects, orientation in space, correctly answer questions.

Developing: Develop attention, thinking.

Educational: Foster a sense of empathy, interest in mathematics.

Vocabulary work: high, low, more less, equally, as much as part of the circle.

Methodical techniques: a surprise moment, playful, verbal, visual.

Material: demo: geometric shapes (circle, square, triangle), three houses with differently shaped windows (round, square, triangular), planar images of trees of different heights (3-4 pcs.), and bushes of different sizes (2 pcs.); plane images of large and small hares, a squirrel, a fox, a circle divided into 4 parts.

Dispensing: cards with two stripes, squirrels (4-5 pcs.), mushrooms (4-5 pcs.), a circle divided into 4 parts

Course of the lesson:

Educator: Today, we will go to a fairy tale. Once upon a time, there were geometric shapes: a circle, a square, a triangle. They lived here in such houses (I exhibit three houses. With a round window, triangular, and square)

Educator: Guess guys, where is whose house? Masha, what figure do you think lives in this house?

Masha: A triangle lives in this house.

Educator: Why did you decide this?

Masha: Because the window is triangular.

Similarly, we find out about the rest of the houses.

Educator: Every morning the geometric shapes loved to play together. (I open the windows of the houses, where the corresponding figures are located, I put the figures on the board. The last one open the round-shaped window)

Oh guys, but there is no circle in the house. He must have rolled off somewhere. I wonder where he could disappear, roll away? Triangle and square are very upset, look how sad they are. They ask you to help them find their friend. Can we help them find the circle?

Children: Let's help.

Educator: We will go along this wide path. Forward! Let's hit the road! Look guys we got into the forest. (I put images of trees on the board). And in the forest, there are many trees, high and low.

Educator: Maxim, show me the tallest tree?

Maksim:( indicates the tallest tree). This tree is the tallest.

Educator: Tanya, show me the lowest tree?

Tanya :( finds and displays the lowest tree.) This tree is the lowest.

Educator: It's time for us to move on, the square and the triangle are worried about their friend, they want to find their friend faster. Oh, look who is this? (I exhibit two bunnies, a large and a small one.

Children: Hares.

Educator: Are the rabbits the same size?

Children: Is one hare big and the other small?

Educator: Oh, bunnies, they want to tell us something. They ask to hide them from the wolf.

The square and the triangle offer to hide the rabbits under a large and small bush.

The big bunny under which bush are we going to hide?

Children: We'll hide the big bunny under a big bush.

Educator: Vanya, hide the big bunny. (The child covers the image of the bunny with the image of a large bush).

Educator: And the little bunny under what bush will we hide?

Children: Small under a small bush.

Educator: Sasha, help hide the little hare. (The child covers the image of the bunny with the image of a small bush). Well done guys, they hid the rabbits well, now the wolf won't see them.

Educator: it's time for us to move on, look for the circle.

Friends walked, walked and met a squirrel. (I put an image of squirrels and mushrooms on the board)

Squirrel - mom has collected mushrooms, and asks for help in dividing the mushrooms between small squirrels.

Working with handouts.

Educator: Let's help split. Place the squirrels on the top strip. How many squirrels?

Children: There are many squirrels.

Educator : What should be done to check if all the squirrels have enough mushrooms?

Children: It is necessary to attach a mushroom to each squirrel. (a mushroom is placed on the bottom strip, under each squirrel).

Educator: What have you noticed?

Children: Fewer mushrooms than squirrels?

Educator: What needs to be done so that there are as many mushrooms as squirrels?

Children: We need to add one more mushroom.

I give the children one more mushroom. Children add a mushroom.

Educator: Olesya, how many mushrooms are there now?

Olesya: There are as many mushrooms as there are mushrooms.

Educator: Diana, how else can you say about the amount of mushrooms and squirrels?

Diana: Mushrooms and squirrels are equally divided.

The squirrels will thank and offer to play the game.

Fizminutka "As many sounds as you hear, perform as many movements" (many and one)

Educator: It's time for us to move on. We met a chanterelle. (I expose an image of a chanterelle

Educator: Why are you crying?

I played with my new friend, his name is circle. We ran, jumped, the circle caught on a stump and crumbled to pieces. Help me find the parts of the circle. Guys, the square and the triangle are asking you to quickly find the parts of the circle.

Children: Locate and name each part of the circle.

Behind a tree, under a bush, on a stump, in a hollow.

Educator: what needs to be done to make the circle whole?

Children: you need to fold a circle from parts.

Educator: but a square and a triangle do not know how to add, show how to do it.

Children make a circle from parts.

Educator: the square and the triangle were very happy with their friend, they tell you, thank you very much for your help. See how hilarious they are. Now it's time for everyone to go home. And to make it more fun to go, let's sing a song.

Mathematical tales about geometric shapes help educators and primary school teachers to form children's cognitive interest in the "queen of sciences". The assimilation of complex terms of exact science presupposes certain knowledge of a figurative, abstract nature. Such a didactic device, as about geometric figures, makes it possible to combine the specifics of numbers and laws.

The essence of the concept

Kids learn the language of numbers much faster in the form of images. Mathematical tales about geometric shapes are fairy tales that introduce children to the world of mathematical concepts. Unusual journeys of numbers contribute to the development of logical thinking in preschoolers. Kids, getting involved in an unusual task, acquire certain skills:

• establishment of causal relationships;
• acquisition of logical thinking skills;
• argumentation of their own position.

The heroes of the stories can be geometric shapes, numbers, fairy-tale characters engaged in mathematical calculations.

Mathematical tales about geometric figures are a way to activate mental operations: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison. All these techniques are actively used in kindergartens and primary schools.

Aims and objectives of the method

The Mathematical Fairy Tales project involves the use of digital and geometric stories aimed at developing an initial understanding of geometry in children. For example, you can tell the children a story about three brothers: Circle, Square, Triangle.

In the middle group of kindergarten, it is supposed to work with some fairy-tale characters, which are based on mathematical terms and values. For example, the project "Mathematical Tales" can be created on the basis of reference measures, including the little men: Meter and Centimeter.

For children of the older group of a kindergarten, you can prepare a fabulous performance in which the main characters will have to perform elementary actions: subtraction, addition. The guys will gladly go to such a lesson. Geometric figures, brought to life in the skillful hands of a teacher, will become real friends for preschoolers, help children master complex science.

Classification

When choosing fairy tales, the educator must take into account age and individual characteristics preschoolers.

For example, there are significant differences in the fairy tale math stories offered to preschoolers and schoolchildren. The differences lie in the function of the character. If Baba Yaga or Kolobok are studying the basics of geometry with children, then in history for schoolchildren they perform only an auxiliary function.

Different types of geometric shapes - a plot for a puppet show, and children can do the "sounding" of fairy-tale characters.

Fairy tales can be short-lived, helping you practice specific computational actions.

"Swan geese"

Once upon a time, grandfather and woman lived and lived. They had a son and a daughter. They somehow left for work, and their daughters were ordered to follow their brother. As soon as the parents left her father's house, the girl forgot about the order, put her brother in the sun, and she ran away to play with her friends. When she returned, she did not find her brother, he was carried away by the geese-swans. Alena cried, and then ran to look for the baby. On the way, she met a stove, which promised to show the way in response to a correctly solved problem about pies.

Alenka ran along the path, on her way met an apple tree.

To show her the way to the swan geese, the girl had to find circles among the figures (the guys help her to make the right choice).

The apple tree said that brother Ivanushka lives in Baba Yaga's hut. The girl entered the hut and said: “Hello, grandmother Yaga. Please give me my little brother. "

Yaga asked to put things in order in the hut, laying out things according to the following criteria:

• by name: cups, plates, balls, mugs;
• to size;
• by color;
• in shape.

Alena, with the help of schoolchildren, quickly solves the Yagi problem and returns home with her brother.

The tale of the circle

An interesting science is mathematics. Geometric shapes can be "brought to life" by making them the protagonists of an amazing storyline. Lived and Lived Straight and Segment. I wanted to somehow cut a circle. He says to Straight: "Honey, bake me a circle!" She replies: "Well, how can I bake it for you if I have no flour."

“You have so many points that you can scrape together on a circle,” the Segment answered and went to sleep.

The straight line burned, burned, and scored points on a circle, baked it, went to rest herself. The circle jumped off the window and ran deep into Geometry. She rolled, and on the way she met the Trapezium. She says: "Circle, I'll eat you now!"

"Do not eat me, Trapezium, because I will be useful to you: if the sums of your two opposite sides are the same, I can fit into you."

The trapezoid checked its sides, but they did not fit this property, so it did not "eat" the Circle. She rolled further, saw a Rectangle on the road. He says: "Circle, I'll eat you now!" The Circle answers him: “Listen to my song, do not rush. I left the Straight Line, I ran away from the Trapezium, and I will run away from you, Rectangle. "

The last on the way was the Triangle. While the Circle was about to sing him a song, he swallowed it. So it became a circle inscribed in a triangle.

A detective story about a bisector

Corner walked along the road, and Bisector ran past him, who divided him in half and ran away. The split Corner got upset and went to the police. Police Chief Kvadrat and Sergeant Rhombus listened to Citizen Ugle, after which Bisektrix was declared a particularly dangerous criminal. By evening, the city learned about the search for Bisector, but no one was able to identify her among the many other rays living in Geometry.

She also lived in this city and Height, which, due to its height, could see all the inhabitants of Geometry. She was able to describe to the police representatives the signs of a criminal. The verbal portrait of Bisectrix looked like this: "A little rat that jumps over the Corners, divides them exactly in half." Thanks to the vigilance of Heights, the criminal was quickly discovered, but they decided to pardon her.

Mathematical fairy tales help teachers in their work, stimulate the activities of children.

It is possible and necessary to do mathematics with a child at preschool age. Math for toddlers isn't just about numbers and counting. It's also the basics of geometry.

Entertaining geometry for preschoolers will help in a fun way, through games, fairy tales and interesting tasks, to acquaint the child with geometric shapes and methods of measuring them, lay the foundation for spatial thinking and give ideas about design.

Geometric fairy tales

Geometric fairy tales, as a variation of the broader concept of "mathematical fairy tales," are interesting stories with a fairy tale plot in which geometric figures act as characters or serve as decorations against which the narrative unfolds.

Geometric fairy tales for preschoolers are an important element in the system of classes that form mathematical literacy:

• they teach the child to reason and reasonably substantiate their opinion;
• help determine causal relationships;
• deepen the understanding of geometric shapes;
• develop skills in solving mathematical problems;
• form logical thinking.

TIP FOR PARENTS: Given that visual-figurative thinking prevails in children, when choosing or composing a geometric fairy tale, take care of visual material: these can be plot pictures according to the content of the story, figures cut out of cardboard, complex decorations that will turn a fairy tale into a whole theatrical production ...

"Three comrades"

Far, far away, in the land of Geometry in the magical Figured City, two friends lived in a square house with a triangular roof and round windows: the merry fellow Krug and the daredevil Triangle.

The circle was smooth and ruddy, even and alright. He has no corner, no crookedness. Know yourself, it rolls along the path and sings funny songs. And the triangle - that guy is a little prickly. Still, as many as three corners in the figure, no joke. But he was not afraid of anything or anyone. If anything, he will put his sharp little corner forward and is ready to stand up for himself and his round friend from danger to protect. So they lived, they drank tea with round buns and went for a walk in a triangular meadow in the forest.

And once they go for a walk. Suddenly, out of nowhere, a stranger runs out onto the path. The circle immediately broke off its song and rolled over the triangle. Not that he was scared, of course, but that would be more reliable. And the triangle bristled, put his hands on his hips and sides, but asks the stranger a little menacingly:

Wait, good fellow, who will you be?

I'm a Square Acrobat, ”the stranger replies. - Do not be afraid of me and do not be angry. I am good-looking, kind and cheerful. I have all sides equal, all 4 corners are the same. I am all even and pretty. I come from the Quadrangular City of our country Geometry. I have many friends there: Rhombic, Trapezium, and Rectangle, and the main one in our city is Mr. Parallelogram. But wherever you look, everyone has 4 corners everywhere. So I decided to wander around the world, see who is where and who lives how. Will you take me as your friend?

Then the circle rolled out from behind the triangle and exclaimed joyfully:

Why not take it, brother Square. Let's be friends together. The three of us are more fun!

And since then, they often met in a triangular clearing three of them: the Merry Circle, the Brave Triangle and the Acrobat Square. And different adventures happened to them, but only that's another story. Until then, the END!

Tasks for a fairy tale:

1. Answer the questions:
   • What country did the friends live in?
   • Which cities of the country Geometry are described in the fairy tale? Come up with suitable names for other cities in this country.
   • Name what character traits the Circle and Triangle possessed.
   • Why did the Circle and Triangle become friends with the Square?
   • What are the names of the friends of the Square from the Quadrangular City?
   • What are the names of your friends? Why are you friends with them? What character traits of your friends do you value the most?
2. Make a beautiful house for fabulous friends.

For kids 2–3 years old, prepare shapes for applique in advance. Older children can be offered to cut the blocks for the house on their own.

1. Draw a picture for the fairy tale.

Geometric physical education

When making a plan for developing activities with a preschooler, do not forget how important it is to periodically change the type of activity and be sure to connect outdoor games and exercises to intellectual tasks.

Physical education solves important tasks:

• relieves stress and fatigue;
• gives emotional relaxation;
• strengthens general motor skills;
• develops coordination of motor and speech activity;
• speeds up the thought process.

To make your warm-up both useful, and developing, and funny, choose your baby's favorite songs as musical accompaniment, and the topic studied before as text design.

"Ears on the crown"

Prepare two cardboard figures for the game. For example, a square and a circle. Declare, “You must look at me closely and listen carefully to me. If I speak and show the same figure, then you clap your hands. If I name one, and show another, you jump on the spot. "

After that, you turn on the music and start playing. At first it will be difficult for the child, so give him time to think, but until he has decided what action will be correct, let him hold the handles on his belt and do light swinging of the body (or shallow squats) to the music in different directions.

"Circles and Circles"

Round dance game for a group of children. But at home, you can walk in circles and do
play movements together with the baby.

Show me my friend ( going in circles to the music)

Here is such a huge circle ( we stop, stand on tiptoes, with our arms bent at the elbows, we stretch upward (show a large circle)),

Show me my friend ( going in circles to the music)

The smallest circle ( squat and stretch out the handles in front of us with the index and thumb closed).

"Catch the figurine"

Place several chairs around the perimeter of the study room, with their backs towards the center of the room. Attach large cards with different shapes to the back. Explain the task to your child.

While the music is playing, you are dancing in the center of the room, and the figures are admiring you, but as soon as the music stops, one of the figures will try to escape, and we must hold her back. I will help you: keep an eye on the figures and say which one is trying to sneak away from us. And you must quickly run up and stop the fugitive.

If you pin several repeating shapes of different colors, you can complicate the task by adding a definition of the desired object by two properties.

You can agree that the kid does not just dance randomly to the music, but fulfills your verbal commands:

• walks in a circle with high knees;
• squats;
• jumping;
• is spinning in place

Geometric games

Stock up on cards with geometric shapes of different colors in advance. Use them to reinforce your ability to distinguish shapes using familiar games:

• lotto;
• dominoes;
• "Find what is superfluous";
• "what changed";
• "Find a pair."

Use different properties of objects:

• the form;
• Colour;
• the size.

For example, for the “Find the excess” exercise, you can offer the child the following drawing:

Consider it carefully. Ask your baby a few questions:

1. How many columns are there in the picture?
2. How many lines are there in the picture?
3. How many shapes are in each line.
4. Tell me all the shapes you see.
5. How many (red | blue | green) shapes are in the picture?
6. How many (circles | squares | triangles | polygons) are there in the picture?
7. Cross out the extra shape in each line. Explain your choice.

Friends, turn on the pedagogical imagination, experiment and get real pleasure from the lessons with the child, and then your efforts will certainly give positive results.

May your parenting be happy! Until next time!

A selection of fairy tales about geometric shapes.

Country Geometry
A long time ago, not ordinary people lived in the wonderful country of Geometry, but geometric shapes: Circle, Oval, Triangle, Square and Rectangle. They were good friends and always helped each other.
Once friends had a fight, arguing that every figure is the best.
The circle said: “I am the best of all, like me, countless: a round plate, a wheel, a coin. You will not find corners, I don’t have them ”.
The oval shouted: “I am the most beautiful of all, I have an elongated circle. In the bathroom there is an oval mirror, a dish, an egg, and a person's face. "
The triangle interrupted everyone: “No one is more beautiful than me, because I have three identical angles. Triangular saddle for a bicycle and a wing for an airplane. "
Here the angry Square says: “You break off a slice of chocolate and you get a square. There is a square poster on the wall, and the window is square, and the chair is square. The board where the chess is, and each cell on it is also a square. A square has four sides, all sides are equal, and all corners are straight. "
The rectangle says to the Square: “I am almost the same as you, I also have four corners, although I am longer. The door is a rectangle, the book is a rectangle. "
The circle tells them all: “Guys, what are we doing? Why argue? After all, all the figures are good, beautiful in their own way. "
The friends realized that they were wrong and made up.
So that each of you, kids, have good friends!
"A Story about the Square and the Circle"
Once upon a time there was a Square. In his country, everything was square: houses, flower beds, clocks. Even the pancakes his mom baked were square.
All friends and neighbors were the same. Once Kvadrat asked his mother: "Why do we never go to the neighboring city?"
- "Other figures live there, they are not like us!" - answered my mother.
Square became very curious. Are there other figures? He decided to go on a journey. And so, the Square entered the neighboring city. And suddenly, he saw something incomprehensible rushing straight at him. The square closed his eyes.
- "Hello, who are you?" - he suddenly heard. He opened his eyes and saw a boy who had no corners at all.
- "I'm a square. I'm from a neighboring city. And who are you?"
- "And I am the Circle."
- "How can you move so fast?"
- "It's me on the bike. The car goes even faster!"
- "And we have no cars or bicycles."
"Of course, because square wheels can't turn."
The circle took a new friend to see the city. Everything was round: windows, doors, tables.
The boys became friends and began to visit each other. The inhabitants of the square country liked the bike very much.
One day the guys wondered if there were other figures. They took time off from their mothers and went on a journey. There they became acquainted with ovals, rhombuses, rectangles and other geometric shapes. And then, all the cities of different figures became friends.

"Mathematical tale"
In two-dimensional space, there lived a Circle. She was so round and white. One day the Circle decided to take a walk and met the Circle.
- "Hi, my name is Circle, what about you?"
- "My name is Circle. Let's be friends."
All day long they walked in straight, curved and closed lines. And when evening came they did not want to go home.
A week later, early in the morning, the Circle was woken up by a bell. It was the Circle calling.
- "Hello, this is the Circle. Listen, I have an amazing house in Triangular Lane. It has three bathrooms, two kitchens and five bedrooms. Move with me to live," the Circle suggested, worried.
“I agree,” she said happily.
A year later, they had two charming circles, and two snooty plump circles!
Fairy tale "City of Geometric Figures"
In one amazing country called Mathematics, in the city of Geometric Shapes, two friends lived. (Demonstration of a circle with a smiling face and a square with a sad face) One of them was very funny and mischievous. He never got bored, all the time he was spinning and moving from one place to another (show). And for this, the inhabitants of the city of Geometric Figures called him the Circle. The Circle's favorite pastime was walking on a flat, smooth road, together with children, rollerblading, and in winter - jogging down the mountain, following a crowd of children racing on a sled.
And the friend of the Circle, on the contrary, was calm, serious and reasonable. He stood very firmly on his feet, never was in a hurry and, almost always, was bored and alone, because the Circle was running somewhere on the right, then on the left from the mountain it rolled and was never next to him. And they called him in the city of Geometric Figures - the Square, respected for his constancy and modesty.
When friends quarreled, the Circle scolded Square for his slowness and sluggishness. Sometimes Kvadrat was offended and angrily muttered: “You feel good, you are round and sleek, you roll like a bun and never stop when asked. You can only stop when you are tripped or you run out of strength. " And I can only roll from side to side. I have sharp corners, and I have four of them (demonstration and demonstration). So they interfere with movement. "
When the Circle realized that he had offended his friend, he began to calm him down. “Don't be upset, friend, because you are a square because you have four beautiful right angles. And if it weren't for them, you would be the same as me. And everyone should be himself. I believe that the Square is much more useful for people than the Circle. Imagine a car without wheels. This is a car in need of repair. Now imagine the wheels without a car. Wheels are wheels. This is just a small detail to get the car moving. "
The square listened attentively to the friend and thought: “Thank you the Circle for consolation. Everything you say is correct, but you just don’t know one thing - if it were not for circles and wheels, we would have walked on foot, waddling from side to side, at a snail's pace, and would never have reached the city of Geometric Figures. "" THE ADVENTURES OF ROMBIC "
In one country of geometric figures, in the glorious city of Mathematics, there lived a kind Rhombik, whom everyone loved very much. Rhombus always came to the rescue and smiled a lot. so everyone, everyone, everyone wanted to be friends with him.
This morning Rhombic got up early. He greeted the bright sun shining in the sky. He poured his favorite flowers in the flowerbed under the window and set off to travel.
Rhombik walked through the forest, listened to the birdsong, rejoiced in the good weather, beautiful flowers. And ... Suddenly ... Rhombus heard that someone was crying. Quiet, but so pitiful. In a clearing under a bush, a round baby was sitting and crying bitterly.
- What's happened? Why are you crying? Who are you? - I ... I ... Kruglyash ... - sobbed the baby and cried even harder.
Rhombik looked at Kruglyash in surprise and said sternly:
-Stop crying like a little one. And tell me what happened.
Kruglyash sobbed one last time and began to tell:
- I had my favorite house. as round as me. I loved him so much. There were round windows in my house, and my favorite round flowers stood on them. Even the smoke from the chimney came out in such wonderful round rings. I left early this morning to pick mushrooms and berries. When I leave my house, I always tie it to this peg so that the house does not roll away ... And then ... While I was in the forest, such a strong wind rose that the rope broke and the house rolled away. I was looking for it, looking for it, but the house is nowhere to be found. Where am I going to live now? How will I be without my beloved house?
Kruglyash sighed heavily and began to cry again.
- Wait, wait. Stop swimming. Otherwise, because of your tears, soon all the frogs from all over the country of geometric shapes will come running here.
- And why is that? - Kruglyash was surprised
Rhombus laughed merrily:
- Yes, because you can't cry so much, After all, a swamp will appear from tears, and our frogs know how they love dampness. We will not hang our nose! We will build a new home!
All day Rhombik and Kruglyash built a new house. And the house turned out to be just wonderful. The red roof, porch and on the window are Kruglyash's favorite flowers.
- Thank you, Rhombik - said Kruglyash. - Come visit more often. and I won't cry anymore. After all, if you have friends, everything can be solved and even a house can be built.
This is how Rhombic's little journey ended. In the evening, when bright stars lit up in the sky, Rhombik was sitting on the porch of his house, drinking tea with mushroom pies that Kruglyash had collected as a gift for him and thinking: "Where would I go tomorrow ..." Rhombic's adventures do not end there. And if you guys behave well, he will tell you many more interesting tales. and now ... BYE!