Literary and historical notes of a young technique. Alexander Kuprin (Life and Creativity) Short message Report who is in N

(August 26, on the old style) of 1870 in the city there will be in the city of Penza province in the family of a small official. Father died when the son was going for the second year.

In 1874, his mother, who originated from the ancient kind of Tatar princes of Kulanchakov, moved to Moscow. From five years, due to a severe material situation, the boy was given to the Moscow Razumovsky orphan boarding board, famous for its harsh discipline.

In 1888, Alexander Kubrin graduated from the Cadet Corps, in 1890 - Alexander Military School in the rank of the podororuk.

At the end of the school, he was enrolled in the 46th Dneprovsky Infantry Regiment and sent to the service to the city of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky, Ukraine).

In 1893, Kuprin went to St. Petersburg for admission to the Academy of the General Staff, but was not allowed for exams because of the scandal in Kiev, when he threw in the restaurant-barge on the Dnieper over the board of the piercing bidding.

In 1894, Kuprin left military service. He traveled a lot to the south of Russia and Ukraine, tried himself in various fields of activity: he was a loader, a storekeeper, a forest coaster, a surveyor, a psaller, a proofreader, manager of the estate and even a dental physician.

The first story of the writer "Last Debut" was printed in 1889 in the Moscow "Russian Satyric List".

Army life is described by it in the stories of 1890-1900 "from the distant past" ("inquiry"), "Lilac Kuste", "Overnight", "Night Change", "Evaloor Army", "Hike".

The early essays of Kurrov were published in Kiev in the collections of "Kiev Types" (1896) and "Miniatures" (1897). In 1896, the story "Moloch" was printed, which brought a wide fame to the young author. Then followed the "night shift" (1899) and a number of other stories.

During these years, Kuprin met writers Ivan Bunin, Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky.

In 1901, Kubrin settled in St. Petersburg. For some time he headed the "magazine for everyone", then became an employee of the magazine "Mir God" and the publishing house "Knowledge", which released the first two volumes of the writings of Kurp (1903, 1906).

In the history of domestic literature, Alexander Kurrin entered as the author of the Assue and Romanov "Olesya" (1898), "Fight" (1905), "Yama" (1 part - 1909, 2 part - 1914-1915).

It is also known as a major story master. Among his works in this genre - "in the circus", "swamp" (both 1902), "coward", "Konokrad" (both 1903), "Peaceful Life", "Cort" (both 1904), "Rybnik's headquarters "(1906)," Gambrinus "," Emerald "(both 1907)," Sullaph "(1908)," Pomegranate bracelet "(1911)," Litriped "(1907-1911)," Black Lightning "and" Anathema "( Both 1913).

In 1912, Kuprin journey through France and Italy, the impressions of which were reflected in the cycle of travel essays "Cote d'Azur".

During this period, he actively mastered new, no one knows the activities of the activity - climbed in a balloon, made a flight at the airplane (almost ended tragically), descended into the water in a diving suit.

In 1917, Kubrin worked as the editor of the newspaper "Free Russia", published by the party of the left Socialists. From 1918 to 1919, the writer worked in the publishing house "World Literature" created by Maxim Gorky.

After the arrival in Gatchina (St. Petersburg), where he lived since 1911, the White Forces, he edited the "Prievsky region" newspaper, published by the headquarters of Yudenich.

In the fall of 1919, the family emigrated abroad, where he spent 17 years, mainly in Paris.

In the emigrant years, Kubrin released several prose collections "Dome of St. Isaacia Dolmatsky", "Elan", "Wheel of Time", Zhanet's novels, "Junker".

Living in emigration, the writer loved, suffering from both unclaimed, and from cut-off from native soil.

In May 1937, Kuprin returned with his wife to Russia. By this time, he was already seriously sick. In Soviet newspapers, an interview with the writer and his publicistic essay "Moscow is native" were published.

On August 25, 1938, he died in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) from the cancer of the esophagus. He was buried on the Little Mosts of Volkov Cemetery.

Alexander Kubrin was married twice. In 1901, Maria Davydov became his first spouse, the receptional daughter of the publisher of the magazine of God. Subsequently, she married the editor of the magazine "Modern World" (who replaced the "World of God"), the publicist Nikolai Jordansky and herself worked in journalism. In 1960, her book of memories of Cookina "Yellow Youth" came out.

1. years of study.
2. Resignation, beginning of literary activities.
3. Emigration and return to their homeland.

A. I. Kurrin was born in 1870 in the county town will vocate the Penza province in the family of a small official, secretary of the world congress. His father Ivan Ivanovich Kuprin died of cholera in August 1871. Alekseevna's widow, almost three years later moved with three children to Moscow, gave daughters to closed educational institutions, Alexander lived with his mother until herself in the Kudrinsky widow house. The next four years, Kuprin studied at the Razumovsky orphan boxing, where since 1877 begins to write poems. About this period of his life is the story "Brave Fugitives" (1917).

After graduating, the boarding school enters Moscow military gymnasium (Cadet Corps). He studies in the Cadet Corps of eight years, there writes lyrical and comic poems, translates from French and German. This period of life is reflected in the story "on the fracture" ("Cadets") (1900). Enters the military Alexander school, in 1890 ending with his journalist. In 1889, the Russian Satyric Listka magazine printed the first story of Kuprin "The Last Debut". The author considered the story that did not succeed. For the publication, the Kubrin received two days of Caracera - Junkers were forbidden to speak in print. This is described in the novel "Junker" (1928-1932), in the story "Typographic paint" (1929).

The service in the infantry Dnieper regiment in 1890- 1894 was the preparation of Kupper to a military career, but because of the lamb of Homle, it was not accepted into the Academy of the General Staff (Silad Kuprin dropped the police in the water).

Lieutenant resigned. His life was stormy, he happened to try himself in a variety of areas, from a strangeness to a loader and dentist. He was an exclusive adventurer and researcher - descended under the water as a diver, flew at the airplane, created an athletic society. Many life impressions, he laid the basics of his works. Years of service reflected in the military stories "Inquiry" (1894), "Bush of Lilac" (1894), "Night shift" (1899), "Cam" (1901), "Overnight" (1895), in the story "Fight" (1904 -1905), "Wedding" story (1908).

In 1892, Kuprin began working on the story "Fog." In 1893, the manuscript was transferred to the editorial office of "Russian wealth", Almanah, who published V. G. Korolenko, N. K. Mikhailovsky, I. F. Annensky. The story was published in the summer, and at the end of the autumn in the same Almanna printed the story of "Lunar Night".

In early works, Kurrova can be seen how his skill grew. Less imitation, a tendency to psychological analysis. The stories of the army topics are distinguished by sympathy for a simple person, acute social orientation. Fakelov and essays with juicy paints draw the life of a big city.

After the resignation of Kurpource moves to Kiev, it works in newspapers. Kiev period - fruitful time in the life of Kurrov. He meets the life of citizens and the most interesting thing tells in the collection "Kiev types". These essays appear at the end of 1895 in the newspaper "Kiev Word", and next year they come out with a separate book. Kurpouris works as a tale in the steel plant in the Donbas, writes the story "Moloch", the story "Wonderful doctor", the book "Miniatures: Essays and Stories", it is involved, meets I. A. Bunin. In 1898, he lives in the family of his sister and son-in-law, forester, in the Ryazan province. In these wonderful places, he began working on the tag "Olesya". The inhabitants of the Polessian forests, such as Olesya rich in the inner and external beauty, continue to be interested in Kurrick as an object for an image - in the story of "Konokrad" he draws the image of a Konokrad Buzigi, a strong, bold hero. In these works, Kuprin creates its "ideal of a natural person."

In 1899, a story "Night shift" was published. Kurin continues cooperation in the newspapers of Kiev, Rostov-on-Don, in 1900 publishes the first version of the "Cadets" in Kiev newspaper "Life and Art". Leaving in Odessa, Yalta, where it meets with Chekhov, it works on the story "In the circus". In the fall, again leaves to the Ryazan province, taking a row to measure six hundred and ten peasant forests. Returning to Moscow, in the same year he enters the Literary Circle of N. D. TVESov "Wednesday", meets with L. N. Andreev, F. I. Shalyapin.

At the end of the year, Kurin moves to St. Petersburg to establish the fiction department in the "magazine for all". Presented by I. A. Bunin Publisher of the magazine "The World of God" A. Davydova, he publishes there a story "in the circus". The story will penetrate the mood of the death of the whole beautiful. Kuprin revises the "ideal of a natural person." The man in nature is beautiful, is able to inspire the artist, but in life the beauty is adjusted, therefore it causes a sense of regret, Kubrin believes, Chekhov estimated the story in such a way: "" In the autumn "of the Bunin is made in non-free, intense hand, in any case the Kuprinskoe" in the circus "much above. "In the circus" is a free, naive, talented thing, moreover, written, undoubtedly, knowledgeable person. " He also informed Kurpov, that L. N. Tolstoy also read the work, and he liked it. In the family life, the Kuprin occurs changes - he marries M. Davydova, the daughter of Lydia is born. Now he is a magazine dedicator together with A. I. Bogdanovich and F. D. Batyushkov. His L. N. Tolstoy, M. Gorky. In 1903, the story "Baloto" appears in the press, the first volume of works is coming.

In Crimea, the writer makes the first sketches of the story "Fight", but destroys the manuscript. On the impressions of the meeting with the stray circus, the story "White Poodle" writes. In early 1904, Kuprin refuses the editorial in the journal. The story of Kupper "Peaceful Life" has been published. He leaves for Odessa, then in Balaklava.

The Kubrin was far from the revolutionary movement, but the approximation of the revolution was reflected in his work - it acquired a critical exposure start. Essay "Ugra" (1904), which expressed the ideological position of Kupper, satirically depicts the "owners of life", contrast to the quiet lyrical southern night is shown the fun of the idle public. In the stories of "King", "Good Society" and "Priest" is a conflict between "good society" and the democratic intelligentsia. The "Good Society" calibration turns out to be mosted in frauds, these are rotten people with imaginary virtue and disguised nobility.

The Kuprin works for a long time on the manuscript "fight", reads excerpts to Gorky and gets its approval, but during the search of the gendarma, part of the manuscript was seized. Going to the seal, the story brought the author to the author and caused a big resonance in criticism. With its own eyes, the writer is watching the uprising on the cruiser "Ochakov", for this he goes from Balaklava every day to Sevastopol. He became an eyewitting cruiser's shooting and shelled the saved sailors. Petersburg newspaper "Our Life" publishes an essay of the Cupper "Events in Sevastopol". In December, Kurrina was sent from Balaclava and forbidden to live there in the future. This city he dedicated the cycle of sketches "Litripeda" (1907-1911). In 1906, the second volume of Kurin stories came out. In the magazine "Mir of God" - the story "Staff-Captain of Rybnikov". Kubrin said that the first of his real thing believes the "duel", and the best - "Staff Captain Rybnikov".

In 1907, the writer divorces and marries E. Heinrich, the daughter of Ksenia is born in this marriage. Kubrin writes "Emerald" and "Sullaph", issues the next stories. In 1909 he receives Pushkin Prize. During this time, he creates a "river of life", "pit", "Gambrinus", "Pomegranate bracelet", "Liquid Sun" (science fiction with elements of anti-wasteopia).

In 1918, Kuprin appears with the criticism of the new time, it is arrested. After liberation, he leaves for Helsinki and then to Paris, where actively printed. But it does not help the family to live in prosperity. In 1924, he is offered to return, and only thirteen years later, a seriously ill writer comes to Moscow, and then to Leningrad and Gatchina. Churpore is exacerbated by the disease of the esophagus and in August 1938 he dies.

Talented writer. Rod. In 1870, he was brought up in Moscow, in the 2nd Cadet Corps and the Military Aleksandrovsky School. To write began to be another junker; The first work of him ("the last debut") was printed in the Moscow humorous ... ... Large biographical encyclopedia

Kubrin, Alexander Ivanovich - Alexander Ivanovich Kurrin. Kubrin Alexander Ivanovich (1870 1938), Russian writer. From 1919 in emigration, in 1937 he returned to his homeland. In early works, showed a man's incisibility as a fatal public evil (Tale Moloch, 1896). Social ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Talented writer. Born in August 1870 in the Penza province; The mother comes from the genus of the Tatar princes of the column. He studied at the 2nd Cadet Corps and the Alexandrovsky Military School. To write began to be another junker; The first story is: ... ... Biographical Dictionary

Russian writer. Born in a family of a poor official. 10 years spent in closed military schools, 4 g. Served in the infantry shelf in Podolsk province in 1894 ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Kubrin Alexander Ivanovich - (1870-1938), writer. In 1901 settled in St. Petersburg. He headed the fiction department in the "magazine for all". In 1902 07 there lived on the driveway street, 7, where the editors of the magazine "Mir of God" was posted, in which the Kubrin edited for some time ... ... Encyclopedic Directory "St. Petersburg"

- (1870 1938), Rus. writer. Perceived L. poetry as one of the brightest and bright phenomena Rus. Culture 19 in. On the attitude of K. to Prose L. testifies his letter to F. F. Pulman from 31 Aug. 1924: "Do you know that you are precious ... ... ... Lermontov encyclopedia

- (1870 1938) Russian writer. Social criticism marked the story (1896), in which industrialization appears in the form of a monster plant, enslaving a person physically and morally, the tale of a fight (1905) about the death of soulful ... ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1870 1938), writer. In 1901 settled in St. Petersburg. He headed the fiction department in the "magazine for all". In 1902 07, there lived on the driveway street, 7, where the editorial office of the Mir of God, in which K. was edited for some time ... ... St. Petersburg (Encyclopedia)

The request "Kubrin" is redirected here. Cm. Also other values. Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin Date of birth: September 7, 1870 Place of birth: Viktiyiya Vikipedia

- (1870 1938), Russian writer. Social criticism marked the story "Moloch" (1896), in which modern civilization appears in the image of a monster plant, the enslaving person morally and physically, the story "Fight" (1905) about the death ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Alexander Kuprin. Complete collection of novels and leads in one volume, Kubrin Alexander Ivanovich. 1216 p. In one volume all the novels and the story of the famous Russian writer Alexander Ivanovich Kurin, written by him in Russia and in emigration, are collected. ... ...
• Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin. Collection, A. I. Kuprin. Alexander Kuprin lived an extraordinarily diverse life, which was reflected in his works. A recognized master of a laconic genre, he left us such masterpieces as "pomegranate bracelet", "in ...

Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin - Russian Writer of the beginning of the 20th century, who left a noticeable mark in the literature. Throughout his life, he combined literary creativity with military service and travel, was an excellent observer for human nature and left behind the stories, the story and essays made in the realism genre.

Early stages of life

Alexander Ivanovich was born in 1870 by the noble family, but his father died very early, and therefore the boy's growing was difficult. Together with his mother, the boy moved from the Penza region to Moscow, where he was given to the military gymnasium. This defined his life - the next years he was somehow connected with the military service.

In 1887, he came to study at the officer, after three years he graduated from training and went to the infantry regiment, quartered in Podolsk province, as a porquet. A year before that, the first story of a novice writer was printed in the press - "Last Debut". And for four years, Alexander Ivanovich sent a few more works - "Fighting", "inquiry", "lunar night".

The most fruitful period and last years

After the restsar, the writer moved to live in Kiev, and then traveled for a long time in Russia, continuing to collect experience for the following works and periodically publishing stories and tale in literary journals. At the beginning of the 1900s, he worked closely with Chekhov, Bunin and moved to the northern capital. The most famous works of the writer - "Pomegranate Bracelet", "Yama", "Fight" and others - were published in the interval between 1900 and 1915.

At the beginning of the First World War, Kuprin was again called upon service and sent to the northern border, but he was quickly demobilized due to weakened health. The revolution of 1917, Alexander Ivanovich perceived ambiguously - he reacted positively to the renunciation of the king, but was against the Bolshevik power and was inclined to the ideology of Serc. Therefore, in 1918, he, like many others, leaned into French emigration - but also returned to his homeland in a year to help the strengthening Belong Guard movement. When the counter-revolution suffered a final defeat, Alexander Ivanovich returned to Paris, where long years lived calmly and published new works.

In 1937, he returned to the Union at the government invitation, since he strongly for the left left. However, after a year, he died from the incurable esophagus cancer and was buried in St. Petersburg.

Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin - the famous writer, the classic of Russian literature, the most significant works of which are "Junker", "Fight", "Yama", "Pomegranate bracelet" and "White Poodle". Also, the high art is considered short stories Kurin on Russian life, about emigration, about animals.

Alexander was born in the district of the city, which is located in the Penza region. But the childhood and youth of the writer passed in Moscow. The fact is that the father of Kupper, the hereditary nobleman Ivan Ivanovich died a year after his birth. Mother of Love Alekseevna, also originating from a noble family, had to move to a major city, where it was much easier for her son upbringing and education.

Already at 6 years old, Kurin was determined in the Moscow Razumovsky Pension, which acted on the principle of the orphan boarding school. After 4 years, Alexander was transferred to the Second Moscow Cadet Corps, at the end of which the young man enters the Alexander Military School. The Kuprin was produced in the rank of a podernik and served exactly 4 years in the Dnieper infantry shelf.

After the resignation, a 24-year-old young man leaves for Kiev, then in Odessa, Sevastopol and other cities of the Russian Empire. The problem was that Alexander did not have any civil specialty. Only after acquaintance with he managed to find a permanent job: Kubrin goes to St. Petersburg and is arranged in the magazine for all. Later, he will be equipped in Gatchina, where during the First World War at his own expense will contain a military hospital.

Alexander Kuprin with enthusiasm perceived the renunciation of the king. After the arrival of the Bolsheviks, even personally addressed to the proposal to publish a special newspaper for the village "Earth". But soon, seeing that the new government imposes a dictatorship country, completely disappointed in it.

It is Cupper who owns the derogatory name of the Soviet Union - "Council", which will firmly enter the jargon. During the civil war, he joined the White Army volunteer, and after a major defeat, he left abroad - first in Finland, and then to France.

By the beginning of the 30s, the jacket of the mirro in debt and could not provide his family even the most necessary. In addition, the writer did not find anything better, how to look for a way out of a difficult situation in a bottle. As a result, the only decision was the return to the homeland, which in 1937 supported personally.

Books

To write Alexander Kuprin began at the last courses of the Cadet Corps, and the first samples of the pen were in the poetic genre. Unfortunately, the writer never published his poetry. And the first printed story was the "Last Debut". Later in magazines, his story "Fogging" and a number of stories for military topics.

In general, the subject of the army at Kuprik is given a lot of space, especially in early work. It is enough to recall his famous autobiographical novel "Junker" and the story preceding him "on a fracture", also published as "cadets".

Dawn Alexandra Ivanovich as a writer fell at the beginning of the 20th century. The story of the "White Poodle" story became the later classic of children's literature, the memories of the journey to Odessa "Gambrinus" and probably the most popular his work is the story "fight". At the same time they saw the light and creatures such as the "liquid sun", "pomegranate bracelet", stories about animals.

Separately, you need to say about one of the most scandalous works of Russian literature of that period - the story of "pit" about the life and destinies of Russian prostitutes. The book was mercilessly criticized, no matter how paradoxically, for "excessive naturalism and realism." The first edition of the "pit" was seized from the press as a pornographic.

In emigration, Alexander Kubrin wrote a lot, almost all of his works were popular with readers. In France, he created four major work - "Dome of St. Isaacia Dalmatsky", "Wheel of Time", "Junker" and Zhanet, as well as a large number of short stories, including the philosophical parable about the beauty of the "Blue Star".

Personal life

The first wife of Alexander Ivanovich Kurpric was the young Maria Davydov, the daughter of the famous cellist Karl Davydov. The marriage existed for only five years, but during this time the spouses had a daughter Lydia. The fate of this girl was tragic - she died shortly after the birth of the Son at the age of 21.

With the second wife of Elizabeth Morithovskaya Gainerich, the writer was married in 1909, although they lived together for that time for two years. They had two daughters - Ksenia, who later became the actress and model, and Zinaida, who died in three years from the complex form of lung inflammation. The spouse survived Alexander Ivanovich for 4 years. She committed suicide during the blockade of Leningrad, without preparing constant bombing and endless hunger.

Since the only grandson of Cupper Alexei Egorov died due to the wounds received during the Second World War, then the genus of the famous writer was interrupted, and today it does not exist direct descendants.

Death

Alexander Kurrin returned to Russia already with highly undermined health. He had dependence on alcohol, plus an elderly man quickly lost his eyesight. The writer expected that his homeland would be able to return to work activity, but the state of health did not allow it.

A year later, while watching a military parade on Red Square, Alexander Ivanovich picked up the inflammation of the lungs, which also burned the esophagus cancer. On August 25, 1938, the heart of the famous writer stopped forever.

The tomb of Cookin is located on the literal walkways of the Volkovsky cemetery, not far from the burial of another Russian classic.

Bibliography

• 1892 - "Faulty"
• 1898 - "Olesya"
• 1900 - "On the fracture" ("Cadets")
• 1905 - "Fight"
• 1907 - "Gambrinus"
• 1910 - "Pomegranate bracelet"
• 1913 - "Liquid Sun"
• 1915 - "Yama"
• 1928 - "Junker"
• 1933 - Zhaneta