Leonardo da Vinci. Vitruvian man

Vitruvian man is a drawing, made by Leonardo da Vinci around 1490-1492, as an illustration for a book dedicated to the works of Vitruvia. The drawing is accompanied by explanatory inscriptions in one of its magazines. It depicts the figure of a naked man in two superimposed one on another positions: with sodes divorced by hand, describing a circle and square.

Figure and text are sometimes called canonical proportions. In the study of the drawing, it can be noted that the combination of hands and legs in reality is four different postures. Pose with hands-called hands and non-divorced legs, fits into the square ("Square of Ancients"). On the other hand, the posture with sprawers on the sides and legs, fits into the circle. And, although, when changing the poses, it seems that the center of the figure is moving, in fact, the PUP of the figure, which is its present center, remains fixed.

"VETRUVIO ARCHITETTO METTE NELLE SUE OPERA D" ARCHITTTURA CHE LE MISURE DELL "OMO ..." "The architect of the vet laid in his architecture of human measurement ..." Next is the description of relations between different parts of the human body.

In the accompanying records, Leonardo da Vinci indicated that the drawing was created to study the proportions (male) of the human body, as described in the treatises of the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius (Vitruvius), which wrote the following about the human body:

"Nature ordered in the structure of the human body assessed proportions:
The length of four fingers is equal to the length of the palm,
Four palms are equal to the foot,
Six palms make up one elbow,
Four elbows - human growth.
Four elbows are equal to step, and twenty-four palms are equal to the growth of man.
If you put the legs so that the distance between them is 1/14 human growth, and raise your hands in such a way that the middle fingers are at the level of the crown, the central point of the body, equidistant from all limbs, will be your navel.
The space between the placed legs and the floor forms an equilateral triangle.
The length of the elongated hands will be equal to the growth.
The distance from the roots of the hair to the chin tip is equal to one tenth human growth.
The distance from the top of the chest to the top of 1/6 growth.
The distance from the top of the chest to the roots of the hair is 1/7.
The distance from the nipples to the macushka is exactly a quarter of growth.
The greatest width of the shoulders is the eighth of growth.
The distance from the elbow to the fingertips - 1/5 growth, from the elbow to the axillary fifth - 1/8.
The length of the whole hand is 1/10 growth.
The beginning of Genitals is just in the middle of the body.
Stop - 1/7 part of growth.
The distance from the washing of the leg to the knee cup is the quarter of growth, and the distance from the knee cup before the beginning of the genitals also equals a quarter of growth.
The distance from the tip of the chin to the nose and from the roots of the hair to the eyebrows will be equally and, like the length of the ear, is 1/3 of the face. "

The re-opening of the mathematical proportions of the human body in the XV century, made by Leonardo da Vinci and others, became one of the great achievements preceding the Italian Renaissance. Figure itself is often used as an implicit symbol of the internal symmetry of the human body.

Art is inherent in the desire for harmony, proportionality, harmony. We find them in the proportions of architecture and sculptures, in the location of the items and figures, combining paints in painting, in alternating the rhymes and the dimension of the rhythm in poetry, in the sequence of musical sounds. These properties are not invented by people. They reflect the properties of nature itself. One of the proportions is most often found in art. She got the name "Golden section". The golden section was known in antiquity. So in the book II "started" Euclidea, it is used in the construction of five- and ten-corrugals.

The term "golden section" introduced Leonardo da Vinci. If the human figure is the most perfect creation of the universe - the belt to the footsteps to the feet, then the distance from the belt to the feet, then this quantities will refer to the distance from the same belt to the crown, as the entire human growth refers to the length of the belt to the feet ...

Indeed in nature and the human body there are many proportional relations close to the one that Leonardo da Vinci called the golden cross section. Although not embodying it for sure. By the way, the golden cross section, preferable in many cases, is not the only attitude, visually perceived as beautiful. These include such relationships as 1: 2, 1: 3. They are close to the golden cross section. In any artwork, several unequal, but close to the golden cross section of parts give the impression of the development of forms, their dynamics, proportional to each other. In particular, the most common attitude on the basis of the golden section in the construction of monuments is the most common.

Is it possible to talk about the golden section in music? You can, if you "measure" a musical work on the time of its execution. In music, the golden cross section reflects the features of human perception of temporary proportions. The golden section point serves as a formation guideline (especially in small essays), often climax has to do. It can also be the brightest moment or the most quiet, the most dense texture place or the most sound. But it happens that at the point of the golden section there is a new musical theme.

Vitruvian man - Leonardo da Vinci. Figure pen, watercolor and metal pencil in the diaries of the wizard. 1490. 34.3 x 24.5 cm

This is not just one of the most well-known designs Leonardo da Vinci, but the image most concentrated by the media. It is often found in a variety of teaching aids, used in commercials and posters, even flashes into the cinema - it is enough to recall ambiguously adopted by the public and criticism "Da Da Vinci". Such fame is due to the highest quality of the image and its significance for a modern person.

"Vitruvian man" is at the same time a masterpiece of fine art and the fruit of scientific research. This drawing was created as an illustration for Leonardo's book, dedicated to one of the works of Vitruvia - the famous Roman architect. Like Leonardo himself, Vitruvius was an unusually gifted man with their widest interests. He knew the mechanics well and possessed encyclopedic knowledge. Leonardo's interest in this extraordinary person is understandable, as he himself was a very versatile person and was fond of not only art in different manifestations, but also by science.

"Vitruvian man" is witty and advanced method for its time to demonstrate the ideal proportions of the human figure. Figure depicts a male figure in two positions. At the same time, the outlines of the images are superimposed on each other and inscribed in a square and circumference. Both geometric shapes have common points of contact. This image shows what should be the right proportions of the body of a man as described, left by Vitruvie in his book "On Architecture". In a broad sense, the concept of architecture can also be applied to the principles of the structure of the human body, which successfully demonstrated Leonardo da Vinci.

The role of the "Vitruvian man" in the development of art and the heyday of the Italian Renaissance is extremely great. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the numerous knowledge of previous generations about human proportions and body structure was lost and gradually forgotten. In the medieval art, the images of people were sharply different from those in the time of antiquity. Leonardo managed to demonstrate how the divine intention in the structure of the human body is actually reflected. His drawing became a sample for artists of all time. Even the Great Le Corbusier used it to create his own creations that influenced the architecture of the entire XX century. Due to the symbolism of the image, many consider it a reflection of the structure of all the universe (the navel of the figure is the center of the circle, which causes associations with the center of the Universe).

In addition to his huge historical and scientific importance, the "Vitruvian man" carries a significant aesthetic burden. The drawing is made by subtle accurate lines, ideally transmitting human forms. Created by Leonardo image is very expressive and memorable. You can hardly find a civilized person who has not seen this image and does not know his author.

Leonardo da Vinci is a symbol of the Renaissance. He left a rich collection of drawings, technical inventions, research. Drawings Leonardo da Vinci are special scientific and historical value. One of them is "Vitruvian Man" - still causes a mystical reverence. Let's figure out what the message of the great artist is encoded in it.

"Vitruvian man" Leonardo da Vinci: Description

Leonardo da Vinci, whose works became the embodiment of the worldview of the Renaissance era, was not only a great artist and architect, but also an engineer, designer. His studies were ahead of the development of science and technology for several centuries ahead.

Sometimes it seems that many drawings and Drawings Leonardo da Vinci were a mystical insight or manifestation of the influence of the Higher Forces. How could the XV century man construct an aircraft or parachute, aqualang, car? Namely, these drawings were discovered in the diaries of Leonardo da Vinci.

No less mysterious and its picturesque works. Already more than five hundred years old art criticism fights over the mystery of the smile of Joconds, they solve the message captured in the "Last Supper" picture. Many are convinced that in all the creations of Leonardo there are cryptograms.

"Vitruvian man" da Vinci is one of these drawings. Supporters of conspiracy believe that a secret message is encoded about some esoteric knowledge. It was this guessed that was used by the American writer Dan Brown in the best-selling "Da Vinci Code".

According to the story of the book, Professor Langdon discovered the curator of Jacques Sonter in the Museum of the Louvre, who in the last few minutes of life outlined with the help of a marker around him a circle: "The clarity of Sonter's intentions cannot be denyed. In the last minutes of life, the curator ripped off his clothes and settled down in a circle, consciously copying the famous drawing Leonardo da Vinci 'Vitruvian man'.

This picture of the Great Artist, according to Dan Brown, a message in which the unity of male and female began.

How really the little man looks like, whose drawing is now surprising the world, and what does it mean?

Mysterious sketch is an illustration for the works of the Roman city planner and the engineer of Vitruvia, whose records of the Italian painter and the scientist used in practical activities.

The drawing consists of two images that are superimposed by one to another: the square and circle, the centers of which are inscribed silhouettes of men with open hands and legs. In one position, his hands form 90 degrees, and the feet stand straight, and in the second - hands and legs form 45 degrees.

The picture was originally intended for universal ferris. It was a working sketch by which Leonardo da Vinci calculated the proportions of the human body to correctly depict people on their canvases. Therefore, the entire sketch is designed barely with noticeable straight lines.

It is very skillfully performed in ink. All proportions that are resistant to the painter of the Renaissance, correspond to the calculations of Vitruvia.

Leonardo da Vinci believed that there is an ideal number "FI" - the number of God. It is it that provides harmony and a clear compliance of proportions to everything that is created by nature. This number was the sign and for the "Vitruvian man" da Vinci. In fact, this sketch represents the perfect creature, since the ratio of parts of its body determines the number "FI".

Thus, a special riddle in the picture Leonardo da Vinci is not. This is the talented sketch of the artist, who sought to find harmony in nature and man, wanted to know its laws and principles.

Leonardo da Vinci man: little-known facts

What is the mysterious in the "Vitruvian man" da Vinci? Here are some interesting facts associated with this sketch:

• Leonardo was not the first one who depicted a person according to the proportions calculated by Vitruviye. Before him did it also talented, but less famous architect Jacomo Andrea de Ferrara;

• the drawing, on the idea of \u200b\u200bLeonardo da Vinci, was a symbol of the unity of two starts - material (square) and the spiritual (circle). In the center of the Universe - a man. It consists of water, fire, earth and air, so embodies the harmony of the world order;
• it is not known who was a fitter for this sketch. It is assumed that this was either the author himself, or a modeled perfect man, created by the calculated Leonardo da Vinci mathematical proportions;

• a double image of a man in the figure of an Italian scientist and painter simultaneously demonstrates 16 poses;
• Vitruvian man is a cultural symbol of the era of modernism and postmodern. According to the model, created by Leonardo, the French architect Le Corbusier created his proportion scale, which became a benchmark in the art of the twentieth century;
• sketch Yes Vinci is recreated by an Irish artist on the ice of the Ice Ocean. It was a cry-reminder to humanity, which is responsible for the state of the planet.

This famous drawing of a famous painter and inventor is in the treasury of the Venetian Museum. It practically does not demonstrate to the public. Yes, and the author himself did not count on such an excitement around his creation.

Despite the subtext that there is in this sketch, the "Vitruvian man" da Vinci is the embodiment of the worldview of the Renaissance era, the worship of the culture of the Renaissance before antiquity, the desire to know the nature, its harmony, laws, to know a person who embodied the essence of the world order.

Vitruvian man Leonard da Vinci is an amazing drawing, known all over the world.

Drawn by a famous thinker and a leader of his time, he still causes many disputes and questions.

For many years, scientists have been viewed by many years at different angles, trying to understand and delve into the sketch, but still it is believed that not all its features are found and more than that, not all secrets are solved.

History of origin

The famous sketch was born in the distance 1492. Few people know, but Vitruvian man is an illustration of a well-known handwritten work of an at least famous architect Vitruvia, but was intended for the Dia Diary of Vinci, referred to - "Canon proportions".

Pencil sketch is a successful attempt to convey the truth of the Grand Architect. Vitruvius compared the proportions of the human body with the architecture of the buildings, he was confident that the proportions of the human body are constant and they are easy to calculate. It is due to its work and the illustration of da Vinci, a proportionality scale was invented.

To date, the drawing is kept in the Venetian Museum. Exhibited as a unique exhibit very rarely (once every six months). He has the greatest historical value, for this reason, only a narrow circle of scientists can see it in the rest of the time.

Features

What is so interested in Vitruvian man? There are many drawings drawn by famous personalities, including many other works by Leonardo da Vinci, so why this is so popular? Everything is quite simple - his fame is directly related to mystery. Leonardo believed in the unique number "FI" thanks to which everything is created in nature.

Throughout his life, he tried to apply or use this proportion in architecture. Vitruvian man was created on all the canons of the number "FI" is the perfect creature. The figure shows a naked man with perfect body proportions in two different positions superimposed on each other.

The man was inscribed simultaneously in the circle and square. The figure with unfinished legs and diluted hands is in a square, and with hand and legs placed and legs - in a circle. The center of different geometric shapes are different points of the human body. In the case of a circle, it is the PUP, and in the case of a square - genitals.

To some extent, the problem of the sketch impending is to consider it from different sides: spiritual, mathematical, philosophical, symbolic, and so on. In each case, there are all new features, exciting the minds of modern scientists.

• Often the drawing is used as a certain canon of internal and external symmetry in different sciences: mathematics, symbolism, teachings about the universe and universe;
• Sketch, unlike many well-known works of the author, was made personally for Leonardo, and not to show. He was kept in his diaries and was used for his own research;
• To date, the work causes many disputes primarily because of the Jacob Andrea de Ferrar. Many believe that Drawing Leonardo is only a copy of Giacomo, others are confident that the sketch was drawn by both;
• The hidden meaning of the sketch scholars see not only in man, but in a circle and square, only unraveling it could not yet;
• In the figure, not two poses of a person, and 16, although at first glance this is not said;
• There was a model with which Leonardo or Vitruvian man was painted - fantasy is unknown so far. It only remains only the view that the image transmits the ideal of the human body and proportions from the point of view of the author.

Vitruvian man is a drawing, made by Leonardo da Vinci around 1490-1492, as an illustration for a book dedicated to the works of Vitruvia. The drawing is accompanied by explanatory inscriptions in one of its magazines. It depicts the figure of a naked man in two superimposed one on another positions: with sodes divorced by hand, describing a circle and square. Figure and text are sometimes called canonical proportions.

1. Leonardo has never been going to expose his "Vitruvian man"

The sketch was discovered in one of the personal record books of the Master of the Renaissance. In fact, Leonardo drew a sketch for his own studies and did not even suspect that they would once be admired. Nevertheless, today "Vitruvian man" is one of the most famous works of the artist, along with the "Secret Supper" and "Mona Lisa".

2. Combination of art and science

Being a true representative of the Renaissance, Leonardo was not only a painter, sculptor and writer, but also inventor, architect, engineer, mathematician and anatomy. This drawing, made in ink, became the result of the study of Leonardo theories about the human proportions described by the ancient Roman architect Vitruviem.

3. Leonardo was not the first tried to illustrate the theories of Vitruvia

As modern scientists believes, in the 15th century, and in the following decades there were many people who tried to reflect this idea in visual form.

4. Perhaps the drawing was made not only by Leonardo

In 2012, the Italian historian of the architecture of Claudio Sgarbi published the conclusions that the study of Leonardo regarding the proportions of the human body was caused by a similar study made by his friend and the Architect of Jacomo Andrea de Ferrara. It is still unclear whether they worked together. Even if this theory is incorrect, historians agree that Leonardo has improved the shortcomings of Giacomo.

5. Circle and square have their own hidden meaning.

In their mathematical studies, Vitruvius and Leonardo described not only the proportions of a person, but also the proportions of all creation. In the notebook of 1492, Leonardo was found: "An ancient man was a world in a miniature. As a person consists of land, water, air and fire, his body resembles a microcosm of the Universe."

6. "Vitruvian man" - only one of many sketches

In order to improve your art and it is better to understand how the world is arranged around him, Leonardo drew a lot of people to fold the idea of \u200b\u200bideal proportions.

7. Vitruvian man - the ideal of a man

Who served as a model and will remain mystery, but art historians believe that Leonardo made some liberty in his drawing. This work was not as a portrait as a conscientious image of the ideal male forms in terms of mathematics.

8. It may be a self-portrait

Since the descriptions of the model were not preserved with which this sketch was drawn, some art historians believe that Leonardo painted the "Vitruvian man" with himself.

9. Vitruvian man had hernia

The surgeon of the Imperial College of London Hutan Ashrafian 521 years after the creation of the famous drawing found that the person depicted on the sketch was a girlish hernia that could lead to his death.

10. To understand the full meaning of the drawing, you need to read notes to it.

When the sketch was originally discovered in the Lernardo record book, there were notes of the artist about the proportions of the person who said: "The architect Vitruvius claims in his work on the architecture that the measurements of the human body are distributed according to the following principle: the width of 4 fingers is 1 palm, foot It is 4 palms, the elbow is 6 palms, a full human height - 4 elbows or 24 palms ... The same measurements of Vitruvius used in the construction of its buildings. "

11. The body is drawn by dimensional lines.

If you carefully look at the chest, the hands and face of a person in the picture, then you can see straight lines that mark the proportions that Leonardo wrote in their notes. For example, a part of the face from the nasal nose to the eyebrows is one third of the person, as well as part of the face from the nasal nose to the chin and from eyebrows to the line where the hair begin to grow.

12. Sketch has others, less esoteric names

The sketch is also called the "canon of proportions" or "the proportion of a man."

13. Vitruvian man simultaneously depicts 16 poses

At first glance, you can see only two postures: a standing person who moved his legs and spread his hands, and standing man with divorced legs and arms raised. But part of the genius of the image Leonardo is that in one figure shows at the same time 16 pos.

14. The creation of Leonardo da Vinci was used to display the problems of modernity.

Irish artist John Quigley used a sign image to illustrate the problem of global warming. To do this, he portrayed a repeatedly enlarged copy of the Vitruvian man on the ice in the Arctic Ocean.

15. The original sketch is rarely appearing in public.

Copies can be found literally everywhere, but the original is too fragile so that it can be arranged in public. "Vitruvian man" is usually stored under the castle in the Gallery of the Academy in Venice.