Lecture: artistic image in art. Artistic image
Artistic image
Artistic image - Any phenomenon, creatively recreated by the author in the artistic work. It is the result of understanding by an artist of any phenomenon, the process. At the same time, the artistic image not only reflects, but, above all, generalizes reality, reveals in a single, transient perpetual. The specificity of the artistic image is determined not only by the fact that he comprehends reality, but also by the fact that it creates a new, fictional world. The artist seeks to take away such phenomena and so depict them to express their idea of \u200b\u200blife, its understanding of its trends and patterns.
So, "Artistic image is a specific and at the same time a generalized picture of human life, created with the help of fiction and having aesthetic meaning" (L. I. Timofeev).
Considered the element or part of the artistic integer, as a rule, such a fragment, which seems to have an independent life and content (for example, character in literature, symbolic images, like "Sail" at M. Yu. Lermontov).
The artistic image becomes artistic not because it is written off from nature and is similar to a real object or phenomenon, but because with the help of author's fantasy converts reality. The artistic image is not only and not so much copies reality as it seeks to transfer the most important and significant. So, one of the heroes of the novel of Dostoevsky "Teenager" said that photographs would very rarely give the correct idea of \u200b\u200ba person, because not always the human face expresses the main features of character. Therefore, for example, Napoleon, photographed at a certain point, could seem stupid. The artist must find the main thing that is characteristic. In the novel L. N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina" ATTERTANT VRONSky and artist Mikhailov drew the portrait of Anna. It seems that Vronsky knows the best, more and deeper understands her. But the portrait of Mikhailov was distinguished not only by similarity, but also the special beauty that only Mikhailov was able to detect and did not notice the Vronsky. "We had to know and love her, as I loved to find this most cute her mental expression," I thought Vronsky, although he only found out this portrait "This is the most cute her mental expression."
At various stages of the development of mankind, the artistic image takes various forms.
This happens for two reasons:
the item itself changes - a person
the forms of reflection of it are changed.
There are features in the reflection of the world (which means both in the creation of artistic images) by artists-realists, sentimentalists, romantics, modernists, etc. As the art develops, the ratio of reality and fiction, reality and ideal, general and individual, rational and emotional etc.
In the images of the literature of classicism, for example, the struggle of feelings and debt is put forward, and positive heroes invariably make a choice in favor of the latter, sacrificing personal happiness in the name of state interests. And the artists-romance, on the contrary, tower the Hero Buntar, alone, rejected society or rejected by him. Realists sought to rational knowledge of the world, identifying causal relationships between objects and phenomena. And modernists announced that it is possible to know the world and a person with the help of irrational means (intuition, inspiration, inspiration, etc.). In the center of realistic works there is a person and his relationship with the outside world, romantics, and then modernists, are primarily interested in the inner world of their heroes.
Although the creators of artistic images are artists (poets, writers, painters, sculptors, architects, etc.), in some sense, their creators are also the ones who these images perceive, that is, readers, viewers, listeners, etc. . So, the perfect reader not only passively perceives the artistic image, but also fills it with his own thoughts, sensations and emotions. Different people and different epochs reveal different sides. In this sense, the artistic image is inexhaustible, as well as life itself.
Artistic means of creating images
Speech characteristic of the hero :
- dialogue- conversation two, sometimes more persons;
- monologue - Speech of one person;
- inner monologue - statements of one person who take the form of internal speech.
Subtext Unspoken directly, but the author's redeemable attitude to the depicted, implicit, hidden meaning.
Portrait -an image of the appearance of the hero as a means of its characteristic.
Detail -expressive details in the work carrying a significant semantic and emotional load.
Symbol - the image expresses the meaning of any phenomenon in the subject .
Interior -interior furnishings of the room, the habitat of people.
Art occupies the most important place in the theory of aesthetics. She studies his role in life, patterns of development and features. Aesthetics considers art as the form of aesthetic development of the world. Art is a means of reflection of life and thinking in the form of artistic images. The source of artistic images is real reality. The artist, reflecting the world, thinks figuratively emotionally and, affecting his works on the feelings and mind of people, he seeks to cause them like emotions and thoughts.
The specifics of art is that it has an impact on a person due to its aesthetic advantages, thanks to the influence of the system of artistic images. The artistic image is associated not only with the imaging of sensually concrete thinking, but also with abstract concepts, the depth and originality of meaningful artisticity are concluded.
In the essence of the artistic image, certain levels can be distinguished. The abstract level of artistic thinking is ideal when a realization of the artistic idea and creating an image is an intellectual operation. The next level is mental, when the role of unconscious mechanisms of artistic creativity is significant. This is the level of artistic feelings and emotions, so that the experience of the images of the work in the process of perception occurs. Artistic image is associated with an aesthetic attitude towards him, with feelings, with estimates, with needs. Finally, the third level of existence of an artistic image is material, i.e. In which material "shell" is presented image: in color, in sound, in the word, in their combinations.
In the study of the artistic image, all named levels should be taken into account: the perfect, mental, material.
In the art, the accuracy of the image of nature itself does not create works yet, it occurs only when the image becomes an artistic way, in which one or another item or phenomenon is illuminated by the thought and feeling of the Creator.
An artistic image is the result of a certain creative orientation of the author and is associated with the nature of his talent. Art basically has an image of a sensually perceived reality, but the degree of artistic generalization is different. In order to correctly understand the nature of the artistic image, it is also necessary to take into account such essential moments as the individuality of the artist's vision and its aesthetic ideal.
These two points are interrelated and at the same time relatively independent. The aesthetic ideal acts as a guidebook of the author, he directs his vision, it is due to the originality of a particular historical time. And at the same time, each Creator sees the world in his own way, and the individuality of the artistic vision of the author enriches aesthetic vision as a whole, expands the range of perception of the world. The individuality of the artist's vision may be barely noticeable or, on the contrary, pronounced, but in any case, in a talented work of art, it is obligatory.
Means and form of life development art; The way of being an artistic work. The artistic image is dialectical: it unites living contemplation, its subjective interpretation and assessment by the author (as well as by the performer, listener, reader, viewer). The artistic image is created on the basis of one of the means: an image, sound, language environment, or combinations of several. It is an integral from the material substrate of art. For example, the meaning, the inner structure, the clarity of the musical image is largely determined by the natural matter of music - the acoustic qualities of the musical sound. In literature and poetry, the artistic image is created on the basis of a specific language environment; In theatrical art, all three means are used. At the same time, the meaning of the artistic image is revealed only in a certain communicative situation, and the final result of such communication depends on the personality, goals and even the momentary mood of a person who collided with him, as well as from a particular culture to which it belongs.
Artistic image is a form of artistic thinking. The image includes: the material of reality, processed by the creative fantasy of the artist, its attitude to the depicted, the wealth of the personality of the Creator. Hegel believed that the artistic look was not an abstract essence, but its specific reality. " V. G. Belinsky believed that art - figurative thinking. For positivists, artistic image - visuality when demonstrating the idea that delivers aesthetic pleasure. There were theories that denied art's figurative nature. So, the Russian formalists the concept of image replaced the concepts of design and reception. Semiotics showed that the artistic image is created by a system of signs, it is paradoxal, associative, this is an allegorical, metaphorical thought that reveals one phenomenon through another. The artist as if facing the phenomena with each other and carries the sparks that illuminates the life with the new light. In art, by Anandavardkhan (India, IX century), the figurative thought (garbage) has three main elements: a poetic figure (alamcar-dressing), meaning (Wast-Uzkanyi), mood (Race-Dectery). These elements are conjugate. Poet Kalidasa so expresses the moods. That's what the bee talking on the face of his beloved, the king of Shwsyanta: "You're and dealing with her trembling eyes with their mobile corners, you gently buzz over her ear, as if telling her a secret, although she dishes his hand, you drink nectar her Lips - Enjoyment Middle. Oh, bee, truly you reached the goal, and I wandered in search of truth. " The poet, just without calling the feeling, mastering the shunta, reports the reader the mood of love, comparing the dreaming about the kiss of the in love with a bee flying around the girl.
In the ancient works, the metaphoric nature of artistic thinking appears especially clearly. Thus, the products of Scythian artists in the bellish style are fancifully combine real animals forms: predatory cats with bird claws and beaks, griffins with a torso fish, human face and bird wings. Images of the mythological creatures are a model of an artistic image: Otter from a man's head (Alaska tribes), the goddess of Nyu-Va - Snake from the head of a woman (Ancient China), God Anubis - a man with a head Shakala (Ancient Egypt), Centaur - Horse with torso and Male's head (ancient Greece), a man with a deer head (blades).
The art thought connects real phenomena, creating an unprecedented being, bizarre combining the elements of their progenitors. Ancient Egyptian Sphinx is a man represented through a lion, and a lion, understood through man. Through the bizarre combination of man and the king of the beasts, we know the nature and themselves - the royal power and domination over the world. Logical thinking establishes the cooding of phenomena. In the image, equal objects are revealed - one through another. Artistic thought is not imposed on the subjects of the world from the outside, but organically implies from their comparison. These features of the artistic image are clearly visible in the miniature of the Roman writer Eliana: "... if you touch the pig, it naturally begins to squeeze. Pigs have no wool, nor milk, there is nothing but meat. With a touch, she now guessing the danger threatening, knowing what people are suitable for. Tiranians also behave: they are forever fulfilled suspicion and all are afraid, for they know that, like a pig, anyone must give their lives. " Artistic image of Elian Metaphoric and built as Sphinx (Holyovyev): According to Eliau Tyrant - Human Assignment. Comparison of far from each other creatures unexpectedly gives new knowledge: tyranny - pork. The structure of the artistic image is not always so visual, as in the Sphinx. However, in more complex cases, one thing is revealed in the art of the phenomenon. So, in Romanov L.N. Tolstoy heroes are revealed through those choppers and shadows that they throw each other to the world around them. In the "war and the world", the character of Andrei Bolkonsky is revealed through the love of Natasha, through relations with his father, through the sky Austerlitz, through thousands of things and people who, as this deadly wounded Hero aware of the flour, are conjugate with each person.
The artist is thinking associative. The cloud for Chekhov Trigorin (in the "Chaika"), it looks like a piano, and "and the dam shines a tiny bottle and black shadow from the mill wheel - so the moon night is ready." The fate of Nina reveals through the fate of the bird: "The plot for a small story: a young girl lives on the shore of the lake since childhood ... Love Lake, like a seagull, and happy, and free, like a seagull. But the man accidentally came, he saw and there was nothing to do with her, like this seagull. " In an artistic image through the conjugation of far away from each other, unknown parties of reality are revealed.
The figurative thought is meaningful, it is also rich and deep in their meaning and meaning as life itself. One of the aspects of the meaningfulness of the image is inexpensive. For A.P. Chekhov art writing is an art to cross out. E. Hemingway compared the artwork with Iceberg: part of it is visible, the main thing is under water. This makes the reader active, the process of perception of the work turns out to be the creation, drawing the image. However, this is not sensit about the arbitrariness. The reader receives an impulse for thought, it is asked for an emotional state and a program of processing information, but behind it is preserved freedom of will and space for creative fantasy. Inspected artistic image stimulates the thought of perceiving. This manifests itself in incompleteness. Sometimes the author breaks the work on a half-word and does not unlock, do not unleash the storylines. The image of multifaceted, in it the abyss of the meaning dropped over time. Each era finds the new parties in the classic image and gives him his interpretation. In 18 V. Hamlet was considered as a resonant, in 19 century. - as a reflective intellectual ("Hamletism"), in 20 V. - As a wrestler "With the sea of \u200b\u200btroubles" (in the interpretation, noted that it cannot express the idea of \u200b\u200b"Faust" with helping the formula. For her disclosure it would be necessary to write this work again.
Artistic image is a whole system of thoughts, it corresponds to the complexity, aesthetic wealth and many-sidedness of life itself. If the artistic image was completely translated into the language of logic, science could replace art. If he were completely untransigible into the language of logic, then literary studies, art history and artistic criticism would not exist. The artistic image is not allowed into the language of logic because, when analyzing, there remains a "supercountless residue", and simultaneously translate, because the work is deeply penetrating, it is possible to fully identify its meaning. Critical analysis is the process of infinite deepening into the infinite meaning of the artistic image. This analysis is historically variable: the new era gives a new reading of the work.
In the generally accepted sense, an artistic image is a sensual expression. A term determines the reality, the reflection of which is in the form of a particular life phenomenon. The artistic image is born in the imagination of a person who occupies art. The sensual expression of any idea is the fruit of intense labor, creative fantasies and thinking, based only on their vital experience. The artist creates a certain image that is a print in his consciousness of a real object, and embodies everything in paintings, books or movies reflects its own vision of the idea of \u200b\u200bits creator.
The artistic image can be born only when the author knows how to operate with his impressions, which will form the basis of his work.
The psychological process of sensual expression of the idea is the imagination of the final result of labor even before the start of the creative process. Operations with fictional images helps even in the absence of the necessary completeness of knowledge to embody their dream in the work created.
The artistic image created by a creative person is characterized by sincerity and reality. A characteristic feature of art is skill. It is it that allows you to say something new, and this is possible only through the experiences. Creation must pass through the senses of the author and be stoned to them.
The artistic image in each field of art has its own structure. It is due to the criteria of pronounced in the work of the spiritual principle, as well as the specifics of the material that is used to create creation. Thus, an artistic image in music is intonational, in architecture - static, in painting - visual, and in the literary genre - dynamic. In one, it is embodied in the image of a person, in the other - nature, in the third-of-concrete, in the fourth acts as a combination of compounds of the action of people and their environment.
The artistic representation of reality is the unity of rational and emotional parties. Ancient Indians believed that his birth was obliged to those feelings that a person could not keep in herself. However, not every image can be attributed to the artistic category. Sensual expressions should carry special aesthetic destinations. They reflect the beauty of the surrounding nature and the world of animals, capture the perfection of man and his being. Artistic image should testify to the beautiful and approving the harmony of the world.
In sensual incarnations are a symbol of creativity. Artistic images act as a universal category of understanding life, and also contribute to its comprehension. They possess characteristic properties only for them. These include:
Typanity arising from close interconnection with life;
Liveliness or organic;
Holistic orientation;
In obviousness.
Construction materials of the image are the following: the identity of the artist himself and the realities of the world. The sensual expression of reality combines a subjective and objective principle. It consists of reality, which is reworked by the creative thought of the artist, reflecting his attitude towards what is depicted.
Artistic image is an image of art, i.e. Specially created in the process of special creative activity on specific laws of the subject of art - the artist, the phenomenon. In the classic aesthetics there was a complete definition about the artistic image and figurative nature of art. In general, the organic spiritual and eidate integrity is artistic, expressing, presenting some reality in a modus of a larger and smaller isomorphism (formation of form) and implemented (having Genesis) in its entirety only in the process of perceiving the specific work of art with a specific recipient. It is then that completely reveals and actually operates a unique artistic world, a rolled artist in the act of creating a work of art in its subject (picturesque, musical, poetic, etc.) Reality and unfolding already in some other concreteness (other IPostasi) in the inner world Subject of perception. The image is the complex process of the artistic development of the world. It assumes the existence of an objective or subjective reality, which has given an impetus to the process of artistic mapping. It is transformed in the act of creating a work of art in some reality of the work itself. Then, in the act of works of this art, another process of transformation features, forms, even the essence of the initial reality (primitiveness) and the reality of the work of art ("secondary" image). The final (already third) image is often very far from the first two, but preserving Nevertheless, something (this is the essence of isomorphism and the very principle of the display), inherent in them and combining them in a single system of figurative expression, or artistic mapping. The artwork begins with the artist, more precisely with some idea (this is a vague spiritual and emotional sketch), which arises from him before the start of work. As it works, the work is specified, in the process of creating the work, the spiritual and spiritual forces of the artist work, and on the other hand, the technical system of its handling skills (processing) with a specific material, from which on the basis of which a work is created. Often, nothing remains from the initial figurative sketch. It fulfills the role of the first inhibitory impulse for a sufficient spontaneous creative process. The resulting work of art is also also called a way, which, in turn, is a whole number of shaped levels, or feedbacks - more local images. Inside this folded image, we also detect a number of smaller images defined by the fine-expressive system of this type of art. The higher the level of isomorphism, the way the image-expressive level closer to the outer form of the image of the fragment of reality, the more he is "literary", i.e. It gives care of the verbal description and causes the corresponding "picture" views from the recipient. Images through isomorphism can be verbalized, but not verbalized. For example, in connection with some Painting "Kandinsky" we cannot talk about a specific compositional image, but we are talking about color gear, equilibrium and dissonance of the colors. Perception. In the spiritual world of the subject of perception, the ideal reality arises, which through this work comes with the subject to universal existential values. The final stage of perception of the work of art is experiencing and is realized as a certain breakthrough of the subject of perception on some unknown levels of reality, accompanied by the feeling of the completeness of being, extraordinary ease, ascension, spiritual joy.
Another variant:
Hood image: place in C - Iski, functions and ontology. Hood image is a way to technically express that infinite semantic horizon, the cat launches the claim. Initially, the image was understood as an icon. The 1st value of the image fixed the reflective gnoseological attitude to the statement (prototype, likeness, the correspondence of reality, but not the reality itself). In Est-Ke 20th century, SUB-Lo 2 extremes: 1) Absolitization of the Gnos value of the concept image. Once this is the idea of \u200b\u200bthinking by images, it means that it is to think in life similarities, it means that the present lawsuit is in life. But there are types of claim, the cat does not work with life-like images of reality. (What, for example, music copies in life?). In architecture, there is no clear item denotat in abstract painting. 2) image - not the category, with Pom Cat M Transfer the characteristics of the claim. Refusal to the image category, because The claim is not a reality is a copy of reality. The claim is not reflected, but the transformation of reality. ? Important aspects of the Hood Consciousness, the case, the cat is accumulated in the art designation indicate the boundaries of the claim. ? Prohibition scheme: the world, on the cat directed to the development? Hood TV-in? composition? Hood perception. Hood image This is the perfect way to hood activities, the structure of consciousness, through the cat lawsuit solves the following tasks: 1) Hood development of peace 2) broadcast the result of this development. So An image is a way to transfer the quality of information, the ideal structure for Hood communication. The image is an inherent claim of its specificity is the perfect form. Those. C O.S. The image is a kind of mechanism, the method (internal form of consciousness), and with DRs, it is not synonymous with the work of the claim, this is the perfect structure, the cat lives only in consciousness. Mat layer of the image (body, performance, novel, symphony) is essential in potential. The objective reality of the lawsuit is Hood texts, the work "not equal to" the text. ? Hood image is a specific substrate, the substance is the hood of consciousness and the hood of information. Outside this substance, it is impossible to fix the status of artisticity. This is the fabric of the Hood of Consciousness. The image is the specific space of the existence of the ideal thin information, experiences and its products, the space of communication. ? The image is the specific reality, it appears as a certain world for Ch-ka. As the artist uniting worlds. The image is such an organic structure of consciousness, the cat appears instantly ("not yet." Already "). ? 2 possible attitudes of this specific reality image of the creator's consciousness: 1) self-approval of the image. 2) The powerful submission of the artist of this reality, i.e.s it becomes an instrument of self-predatory activity of the image, as if someone dictates the text. The image behaves like S, as the believing structure itself. ? Specificity Hood Image. Old dogmatch understanding of the image involves isomorphic compliance, mutually valuable correspondence of reality. But the image simultaneously and trunks, transforms, turns, complements reality. But it does not remove the conformity ratio. We are talking about homomorphic partial compliance with the image and reality. ! The image is dealing with the value reality, the spirit is reflected in the artistic relationship between S and O. It is these relationships of Java, the purpose of the claim, and not O. The goal of the claim: the objectiveness, filled with certain significance + attitude to This is about (S-TA state). Value O-TA M.B. Opened only through the state of the S-TA. So The task of the image to find a way to combine the value objects in the interpenetration of the O-TA and the inside the state of the S-TA. Value There is a refined meaning of the specificity of the image - to become a way to actualize the spiritual relationship of Ch-ka. ? Hood images are divided into 2 classes. 1) Modeling value relations through the recreation of a felt structure, and the sub side is disclosed indirectly. And all this is called the image. Images here are visual objective x-r (architecture theater, cinema, painting). 2) modeling the reality of subjective attitudes. S-TU state can not be portrayed. And this is the unaffords of the uncertainty (music, ballet). Here is the subject - in pure subjectivity and the questionality of something outside? From here 2 forms of the presentation of reality. 1st Form: Epic shape, value sense reveals the on-volume itself, a S-T - receiver of this spirit of information. 2nd form - lyrical: O - S-TA mirror. Oh, you only talk about something S-Tu, engage it internal. state.? Output. Hood Image This is a special ideal model of the relationship of Ch-ka to the world in concentrated form.