Light portraits of people with pencil. How to draw the face of a girl in a phased pencil: detailed instructions for beginners
how to start a picture of a person's portrait styardly? How to learn to shoot a person's face. How to properly lay the half and achieve the desired similarity in the portraits of the pencil. How to stroke a portrait. Tell artistsWorkshopPORTRET-ART.
Most portrait artists working in the "Pencil" technique were created in various schools, where the man's image was trained. All artists, based on their education, have created their own foundations for themselves how to work on creating a portrait. In this article we share our own secrets of the most common drawing technique.
getting started and building head
Artists of our workshop work mechanical pencils, because They provide cleanliness while working, unlike classic pencils, they do not need to sharpen long, they allow you to cope with small details much faster. To draw a portrait, we will need "Klyach", it is such an artistic eraser, with which you can correct your mistakes and do not spoil the portrait. For a picture with a mechanical pencil, we will need rods. We recommend using the rods softness of the HV, B, 2B, 4B and 7B (where in - means soft, and H is solid). Now we need to take the usual A4 leaf and put it under your working hand so that it closes the surface that you have already shrink.
First of all, you must examine the photo, namely a general view of the head, as it turns relative to the horizontal and vertical. To draw a person portrait of a pencil correctly, we need to know some features of the structure of the skull. It can be viewed in any anatomical atlas. Based on the shape of the head of the man whom you depict, you need light lines to apply a common hair outline on the paper, oval faces and designate a line of lips, nose and height, eye and eyebrows.
work with planes
Now that the common lines are applied, we can proceed to the analysis of the faces of the face. We must designate the height of the nose to the plane (if desired it can be shaded to see the volume, so you can do with all areas that are in the shade), the plane of the cheekbones, which is closest to us, the lip plane and the plane of the eye connecting with the eyebrows. At this stage, we do not pay the face with smooth lines, we try very easily to outline the geometric features of the person's face.
face detailing
At this stage of work, we take a knocker and, by spending it on the plane of the sheet, remove the top layer of the pencil, that is, we make lines applied before, almost invisible. In this, there is the difference between the drawing of portraits from the photo from academic portraits, in the second case, the construction line is supplied and will remain in the ultimate portrait, which is why it can get dirty. It does not fit us. After we made the lines of building invisible where it was necessary, we start to draw all the features of the face, rounding them and attach to the person similarity from the photo. In order to achieve similarity, it is possible to measure the size and relationship of them to other sizes of the face, thereby selecting the optimal proportions. For example, how much the width of the nose is fixed in the width of the face, etc. You can freeze anything, there are no restrictions here.
start hatchovka
For the patching, you must finish all the build and wipe all unnecessary lines in the figure, because After starting the tone laying, you will not have the opportunity to do it carefully. There are no uniform hatching rules, each artist does it as it is convenient. It may depend on how you are accustomed to keep a pencil / handle, from whether you are right-handed, or left-handed, etc. We advise you to start hatching with the darkest domains of the portrait. Since they can later repel from them, not daring too skin, clothing and eyes.
overlapping Haltone
Next, we must go to the halftone, that is, give the tone of the skin of the face, hair and clothes, if it is not black, because on black clothes, it is most often about to make an emphasis, (even if the clothes are white, it will necessarily be attended by half, to identify it relief and texture). At this stage, we should not wipe that either klyach (if only not put a spot or did not smear something). Start an intense halftone hatching costs (if you are right), from the left top corner of the sheet, so as not to smear your hand what you have already done, and, accordingly, if you left everything you need to make a mirror. At this stage, a small study of the background of the portrait is allowed.
work with flames
When you finished with a hatching, you must have an almost ready-made portrait, but it will not look like a volume. Do not be upset, one of the most pleasant stages in drawing a portrait of a pencil, this is the stage when you are laving the brightest places on your face. Most often it is the tip of the nose, eye proteins, the upper part of the cheekbone, the abnormal arcs, the lower lip and in some cases the chin. Also, with Klyachi, you can make folds on lips and minor wrinkles that will make your portrait more alive. Hair needs to be lit on the greatest fractures, then they seem shiny and alive.
dimming the depths and cleaning
After lighting, you need to darken places where you need to show space, it can be: neck, hair edge, ears, folds on hair, background. With this dimming, we will feel that the person we draw is not "glued" to the sheet, but looks from there. This is a very important factor in creating a portrait of a pencil.
Our portrait is ready. But you will definitely have any unnecessary strokes or stains from your fingers, because they will be dirty in a pencil (by the way, in order to avoid dirty portrait, we advise you to flush your hands several times and wipe them well), so you should take a crumb in the last Once and wipe everything that you are visually unpleasant. Even with the absolute similarity of the portrait with a photo, we always leave a place for creativity, you are not obliged to redraw what you do not want to draw in the portrait, you can create and invent new clothes, hair color, eye, etc. The photo is not always successful in all respects, so we think, correct and make something that the photographer could not make, because of the specifics of their work, namely, create a perfect image.
With love and trepidation, workshop
As you know, that a person looks like in the portrait, it is necessary to correctly transmit the proportions of the face. The recognition of the drawing and the transfer of character depends on this. But before putting such serious tasks, novice artists need to first learn how to draw a person's head. Various techniques and schemes are created to help beginners. In the academic drawing, students exhaust skills in the drawing of a gypsum head, study plastic anatomy. Without these skills, the skill will not work. And there are no such "wonder technician", in which a person from the first time masterfully draws a portrait. However, to help beginners, I want to offer a simple scheme that will help at the initial stage of training. In this scheme, the picture of the head has been concluded several simple principles that will help to understand the essence. If a novice artist learn how to apply them in the picture, then the question will never arise: "Where to start drawing a portrait or a gypsum head?". The person's head draw is much easier and beginners will feel much more confident. So what needs to be learned?
1. The shape of the head is more like an egg than the ball. From the chin, the head is already, on the side of the nape - wider.
2. The eye level is located approximately in the middle of the head.
3. The level of the tip of the nose is approximately in the middle between the eyebrows and the chin.
4. The lips will be located approximately slightly above the middle between the tip of the nose and the chin.
5. To make it easier to draw always spend the middle line or the axis of symmetry. This line divides the picture of the head in half. It will be easier for you to draw the left and right side of the head. The axis of symmetry will help to avoid curvature in the figure, when either the right eye is not in place relative to the left, or something like this is obtained.
Well, in conclusion I will add that the above patterns are approximate. Each person has its own unique person: someone's nose in short and above, someone's eyes are lower and wider ... from these features and depends on the transmission of character. But no matter how different our faces and characters, the patterns of the Mid Rules are the foundation on which the portrait of a concrete person is "built".
Alexey Epishin
This is the second lesson of the Spanish artist Luis Serrano, the first was on drawing a male portrait.
We will draw a portrait of an actress Audrey Hepburn from the legendary film "Breakfast at Tiffany" (1961). For a lesson, we will need pencils in, 3B and 6B, eraser, CANSON MARFIL paper.
So that it turned out a well-drawn portrait, it is necessary, first of all, draw a good sketch. To do this, we must correctly display all the details of the face and proportion to achieve similarity with the photo. Only so we will achieve the best result. If we do a bad sketch, there will be a high probability that our portrait does not work out. Apply the approximate lines to make it easier to draw a sketch.
Sketch make a pencil in, trying hard not to put pressure on a pencil. We start drawing from the left eye if you are right-hander (if left-handed, then with the right).
We draw other features of the face, constantly comparing with the original and trying to keep the proportions. Try to erase the eraser less, because the paper is dumping and flies.
The similarity of the sketch is not very big, but we see that the main features and proportions are transmitted correctly. After you finish the sketch, relax a bit and take a look at it with fresh eyes, if everything suits you, go on.
Step 1. We start drawing eyes. We begin to draw an eye with a pencil 3B, namely the pupil and eyelashes. The eye is drawn, which is located on the left hand.
Step 2. Look carefully on the top of the eye, the upper pupil and eyeball is darkened, because The eyelid always throws the shadow, and because of this, the eye does not look flat. Draw eyelashes. First draw a thick line, then add small strokes with a pencil, imitating eyelashes. Make shadows from above, as well as in an eye corner.
Step 3. Draw a second eye, as well as eyebrows. Then start drawing the nose. All draw a 3B pencil, unless otherwise indicated. He begins to draw with the nostril, trying not to make them too big and enlarged, so that the nose did not look like a pig. We apply soft shadows on the right and at the bottom of the nose to give the nose volume. Shadows should be soft to pass the tone of photography. Apply the shadow on the face on the right side.
Step 4. We continue to shade the face, we appline the shadow under your nose and slightly select the excavation above the upper lip. Very gently and gently apply shadow on the cheek on the left side. Then we draw the mouth - it is a difficult task, especially if it is open. For happiness, her teeth are barely noticeable, so we will be easier for us. First of all, we draw the area inside your mouth, do not increase your teeth with drawing. When drawing the inside of the mouth, you can use a softer pencil to give a dark shade. Then begin to draw the upper lip, creating the transitions of the shadows.
Step 5. Draw a lower lip. First, we shake the upper and lower area of \u200b\u200bthe lower lip, so that the center is untouched, remained white. Then with separate strokes that repeat the shape of the lip, apply the shadow on the bottom lip, creating imitation of the flare.
Step 6. Apply the shadow on the chin.
Step 7. Now proceed to drawing hair, some people have a panic. But it is necessary to draw hair to achieve full portrait, because Drawn facial features and adverse hair create a terrible impression, it neither eats good. First, we draw your ear, then we'll look at the photo and we define the dark pieces of hair, then draw them.
Step 8. Then softer tone darke the lighter area of \u200b\u200bthe hair, the strokes must be uneven. Then there are lines for imitation of hair gloss.
If you look at the top of the Audrey head, you will see the result of these actions. Hair, like everyone else have a shadow, brightness. irregularity. A typical error for beginners is to draw a lot of hair, without determining the dark and bright areas of the hair, it turns out something like brushes from the hair. We make this mistake, because we know that the hair consists of many hair lines, but when we look at them, we do not see every hair, we see the overall picture, they become like a single whole, having curls, strands. Dorisite the remaining part of the hair based on the above.
Step 9. We draw bangs, then draw an earrings with a glare as a star.
Step 10. Draw an earrings, the details are not clear, because The image is too contrasting and lost a lot of details.
Step 11. Apply the shadow on the neck, it should be dark enough to be seen that it is a shadow.
Step 12. Now go to your hand. Many people hate to draw them, because Do not understand how. In Audrey, the details of the hands are barely noticeable, we also draw them. We begin to stroke a very light tone back of the hand.
Add soft shadows on your fingers. We apply a darker shadow on the joints, slightly indicate the nails on the index and middle fingers, without going into details.
Step 13. Draw a cigarette. Apply shadows, focusing on dark and bright areas.
Step 14. Now we will draw a necklace, but in the photo it is badly visible, so we will turn on the imagination and vision, without going into details using sharp shadows, draw something similar to the necklace.
Step 15. Draw a dress, making the hatching tone with dark. At the bottom we make a smooth transition, so as not to cut your eyes. Then we apply the shadows on the shoulder (the strip on the shoulder is a shadow from the nozzle on a cigarette). And we finish our work. We look at her if you are more or less happy, sign work. We painted Audrey Herbern.
The portrait transmits not only the external characteristics of the face, but also reflects the inner world of man, its attitude to reality and emotional state at a certain point in time. In fact, a portrait, like any other genre picture, is the location of lines, shapes and colors on canvas or paper so that their final combination repeats the shape of the human face.
He sounds almost like magic? To properly position on the paper, the same lines, shapes and shades, you must first of all study the proportions of the person's face (when drawing a portrait, they must be observed at mandatory) and their dependence on movements, directions and shapes of the head.
What is a portrait?
Regardless of the level of skill, work on it scares any artist. A wonderful painter John Singer Sargent gave a portrait of two characteristics with which every artist will agree:
- "Every time, drawing a portrait, especially to order, I lose a friend."
- "The portrait is a picture on which the lips look like something wrong."
Portrait - one of the most complex genres of drawing and painting. The reason is that the artist often works to order, and the pressure from the outside prevents the creative process. The portrait in the presentation of the customer is often different from what the artist creates. In addition, special knowledge and a fair share of patience are needed to work on the image of the human face.
Why learn proportions
The proportions are needed in order to understand how objects are located relative to each other in the dimensional, flat and intermediate ratio. If at least a small proportion of realism is important for the portrait, without knowing the proportions of this. On the other hand, abstract portraits no one canceled.
Knowing proportions helps to transfer not only the features of the face, but also emotions and the facial expressions of man. Knowing the dependence of the appearance of the appearance of the head, the emotional state of the model and lighting, the artist can transfer the character and mood of man to canvas, thereby creating a subject of art. But for this you need to know the correct proportions of the face and be able to build a composition in accordance with the rules.
Perfect proportions
During the high revival period, Rafael created paintings that were considered a reference to perfection. In fact, all today's ideal proportions originate in Ovale of Madonn Rafael.
If you hold a vertical line in the very center of the face and divide it into three parts - from the line of hair growth to the eyebrows, from the eyebrows to the tip of the nose and from the tip of the nose to the chin, then the perfect person will be equal to the perfect face. The figure below shows the ideal proportions of the person's face, the drawing scheme and the construction of the ideal oval of the person, as well as the ratio of the main features. It is worth considering that the ideal of a male face is characterized by more angular features, but, despite this, their main position corresponds to the scheme represented.
Based on this scheme, the ideal proportions of the face during portrait drawing correspond to the following formula:
- Bc \u003d Ce \u003d EF.
- Ad \u003d df.
- Or \u003d kl \u003d pk.
Form face
Correctly built proportions of a person's face while drawing a portrait depends largely and on the form of this person. Rafael, created a perfect oval, and nature does not limit the perfection of only one geometric shape.
It is likely to study the construction of proportions and their change when moving is most conveniently on the perfectly oval face, for this there is a mass of methods and techniques that will be discussed below, but the essence of the portrait is not in creating an ideal, but in the image of a person with all its features and imperfections. That is why it is important to know which form of the face and how it affects the construction of proportions when drawing portraits.
Rounded forms of persons
An extended face It has rounded shapes of the hair growth line and chin. The vertical middle line of the face is much longer horizontal. The characteristic of the elongated persons is usually high forehead and a large distance between the upper lip and the base of the nose. Typically, the forehead width is approximately equal to the width of the cheekbone.
Oval face Simulate in shape with an inverted sharp face down with an egg. Its wide part of it are cheekbones, then there is a slightly less wide forehead and a relatively narrow jaw. The length of the oval face is a little more of its width.
Round face It is characterized by almost equal average lines of the vertical and horizontal cross section of the face. Wide cheekbones are smoothed by a smooth round of chin line.
Corner forms of persons
Rectangular face It is characterized by a wide jaw, underlined by an angular chin and a straight line of hair growth line. The middle line of the vertical section is much longer horizontal. The width of the forehead of a person with a rectangular face is about equal to the width of cheek.
Triangular It differs from the heart-shaped hair line, the triangular is straight. The characteristic feature of this form of persons is high cheekbones and very narrow, sharp chin, while the cheekbones are almost as wide as forehead. The vertical line of the triangle section is usually slightly longer horizontal.
Square shape It is characteristic of persons with low, wide cheekbones and angular chin. Square length is equal to its width.
Trapezoidaldetermined by broad jaw, low cheekbones and narrow forehead. Usually, on such a face, the chin is angry and wide, and the cheekbones are much wider than forehead.
Rhombid shapethe face is given in proportion to the narrow forehead and chin, and the latter is usually pointed. High cheekbones are the widest part of the rhombid face, and its horizontal cross section is much smaller vertical.
Proper face building
Proper construction when drawing a portrait is based on the measurement of the detachment of the model and the distance between them. Each portrait is individual, as well as there are no two absolutely identical persons, with the exception of twins. Formulas for calculating the proportions give only the main tips, following which you can easily facilitate the process of drawing.
To create your own characters or drawing persons by memory, it is extremely important to know the correct transmission of proportions. It is important to remember that the shape of the head is much more complex than an inverted egg or oval, and therefore it is worth following the rules to avoid eye on the forehead or too little mouth.
Face outlines
To begin with, draw a circle - it will be a wide part of the skull. As you know, the main features of the face occupy a place under the circle. In order to roughly define their place, we divide the circle in half vertically and the line continue down so that the bottom outline of the circle shared it exactly in half. The bottom line will be a chin. From the sides of the circle to the "chin" you need to carry out lines that will be preliminary outlines of cheeks and cheeks.
If the portrait is drawn from the face of the model or by memory, you can correct the shape with several light lines, determine the exemplary chin width and hair growth line. It is worth noting that the hair in the portrait will take some part of the circle, which was drawn at the very beginning.
Eyes and eyebrows
At the base of the circle, we carry out a horizontal line, perpendicular to the first. On this line there are eyes. It is on it, not higher, no matter how much! The horizontal line must be divided into five equal parts - each of them is equal to the width of the eye. The central part may be slightly wider. Eyes are located on the sides of it. To further calculate the proportions, it is best to indicate where pupils will be located.
To determine how highly above the eyes should be eyebrows, you need to divide the circle into four equal parts, from the bottom up. The horizontal line passing right above the eyes will be placed eyebrows.
Nose and lips
The vertical line of the bottom of the person needs to be divided by half. The middle mark where the nose base should be. The width of the nose is easy to determine by spending parallel lines down from the inner corners of the eyes.
The remaining part is from the nose to the chin - you need to split back again. The middle line coincides with the line of the mouth, that is, right above it is the upper lip, and below it is lower. The width of the mouth can be calculated by spending parallel lines down from the middle of the pupils. The width of the chin is usually equal to the width of the nose.
The construction of the proportions of the human person described above is a simplified method and suitable for ideal persons who are not so much in nature.
The material sheet is fixed with the buttons to the tablet, which is a sheet of plywood, nailed to a wooden frame. The tablet fastened on the subframe at an angle of 45 degrees. You probably saw how the artists hold a pencil. That is how it needs to be kept (not at all as with the letter). In this case, put the strokes on paper fixed in this position will be very convenient.
Step 1. Learning the proportion
First you need to learn a little about the proportions of the human head. At first glance on the face, it seems that the eyes are in the upper part of the human skull. However, it is not. Eyes are located approximately in the middle of the cranial box. And the feeling that they are in the upper part of the person are created by overloading small details of the lower part.
Step 2. Construction of a person's face
Here is a blank paper. There are two lines on it with a pencil - vertical and horizontal. It turns out a cross . The horizontal line will be painted eyes, and on the vertical - nose.
Thus, the face is divided by lines to 3 equal parts, ranging from hair growth and ending with the chin. Thinking about how to draw a portrait of a person, it should be noted that the face is rarely drawn an Afas.
Although, if you draw for the first time, then better draw and face In order to learn how to mark the distance. And the next stage of learning will be a drawing of a human face to half a turn. To do this, it will only be necessary to make straight lines slightly convex.
Step 3. Stretch of parts, drawing drawing
Stripping from the indicated lines, the contours of the eyes, nose, lips and ears are scheduled. Here special attention is paid to the form of these parts of the person in the person you draw. After all eyes can be round shape or elongated. The nose is wide or narrow.The lips are complete or thin, and the ears are pressed or hopped. All this must be considered, working out the details. After all, the portrait should turn out like a person.