Kuprin biography. Having brief content. Alexander Kuprin (Life and Creativity) Quick Message Report

In the literature with the name of Alexander Ivanovich, Kurrova is connected by an important transitional stage at the turn of two centuries. Not the last role in this played historical dorms in the political and public life of Russia. This factor undoubtedly influenced the work of the writer. A. I. Kookin - a man of unusual fate and strong in the lava. Almost all of its works are based on real events. An ardent fighter for justice is acutely, bold and at the same time lyricly created his masterpieces included in the Golden Fund of Russian Literature.

Dubrin was born in 1870 in the town of the Penza province. His father, a small landowner, died suddenly when the future writer was just a year. Left with the mother and two sisters, he grew up, undergoing hunger and all sorts of deprivation. Having experienced serious financial difficulties associated with the death of a husband, the mother attached daughters to the government board, and together with little Sasha moved to Moscow.

Mom Kurrin, Lyubov Alekseevna, was a proud woman, as he was a descendant of a noble Tatar race, as well as a native Muscovite. But she had to take a difficult decision - to give the Son to raising the Orphan School.

Children's years, the junk conducted in the walls of the boarding house were bladder, and the inner state always seemed depressed. He felt not in his place, felt bitterness from the permanent oppression of his personality. After all, given the origin of the mother, whom the boy has always been very proud of, the future writer as we grow up and the formation showed itself as an emotional, active and charismatic person.

Youth and education

After the end of the orphan column school, Kubrin entered the military gymnasium, subsequently transformed into the Cadet Corps.

This event largely influenced the further fate of Alexander Ivanovich and, first of all, on his work. After all, it was from the beginning of study in the gymnasium for the first time he revealed interest in writing, and the image of Romashov's follower from the famous story "Fight" is the prototype of the author himself.

The service in the infantry regiment allowed Kupruina to visit many remote cities and provinces of Russia, to explore the military affair, the foundations of army discipline and carriage. The theme of the officer's everyday life took strong positions in many artworks of the author, who subsequently caused ambiguous disputes in society.

It would seem that Military career is the fate of Alexander Ivanovich. But his rebellious temper did not allow it to come true. By the way, the service was completely alien to him. There is a version that Kubrin is under the influence of alcohol, dropped from the bridge to the water of the police officer. In connection with this incident, he soon resigned and left a military business forever.

History of success

Leaving the service, Kubrin experienced an acute need to receive comprehensive knowledge. Therefore, he began to actively travel in Russia, get acquainted with people, draw a lot of new and usefulness from communicating with them. At the same time, Alexander Ivanovich sought to try his hand in different professions. He acquired an experience in the field of surveyors, circus artists, fishermen, even pilots. However, one of the flights almost ended in the tragedy: due to the crash of the plane, the Kuprin almost died.

He also worked as a journalist in various print editions, wrote the essay, articles. The resident of an adventurer allowed him to successfully develop everything started. It was opened to the whole new and absorbed what is happening around like a sponge. Kubrin was a researcher by nature: he greedily studied human nature, wanted to feel all the verge of interpersonal communication on himself. Therefore, during the military service, faced with the explicit officer's promiscuity, the grandfather and humiliation of human dignity, the Creator in an ending manner formed the basis for writing the most famous works, such as "fight", "Juncker", "on a fracture (cadets)".

The plots of all their works the writer built, based on personal experience and memories obtained by him during the service and travel in Russia. Openness, simplicity, mentality of the presentation of thoughts, as well as the accuracy of the description of the characters' images was the key to the success of the author in a literary path.

Creation

The Kubrin of the whole soul rushed to his people, and his explosive and honest character, due to the Tatar origin of the mother, would not allow to distort the facts of the facts about the life of people whose witness he became personally.

However, not all his characters Alexander Ivanovich condemned, even putting on the surface of their dark sides. Being a humanist and a desperate fighter for justice, Kubrin figuratively demonstrated this feature in the work of the "pit." It tells about the life of the inhabitants of public houses. But the writer does not sharpen attention to the heroes as fallen women, on the contrary, he offers readers to understand the premises of their fall, in the torment of their hearts and souls, offers to see in every liberty, first of all, a person.

The theme of love is impregnated not one product of the junk. The most striking of them is the story "" In it, as in the "pit," there is a picture of a narrator, an explicit or implicit member of the described events. But the narrator in Oles is one of the two main characters. This is a story about noble love, heroine who is not taken for the witch considers partly. However, nothing to do with it does not have anything. On the contrary, its image embodies all possible women's virtues. The finale should not be called happy, because the heroes are not reunited in their sincere impulse, and forced to lose each other. But happiness lies for them in what happened in life to experience the force of all-consuming mutual love.

Of course, the story "Fight" is deserved separate attention as a reflection of all the horrors of army morals that reigned then in Tsarist Russia. This is a bright confirmation of the feature of the realism in the work of Kpen. Perhaps that is why the story caused a flurry of negative reviews of critics and the public. Hero Romashova in the same rank of the podernik, as the Kuprin himself, who left once in resignation, is similar to the author, appears before readers in the light of an extraordinary person, whose psychological growth we have the opportunity to watch the page to the page. This book brought broad fame to his creator and rightly takes one of the central places in his bibliography.

The revolution in Russia did not support Kurrov, at least first and met quite often with Lenin. Ultimately, the writer emigrated to France, where he continued his literary work. In particular, Alexander Ivanovich loved to write for children. Some of his stories ("White Poodle", "", "Skvorts") undoubtedly deserve the attention of the target audience.

Personal life

Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin was married twice. The first wife of the writer became Maria Davydov, the daughter of the famous Musician-cellist. Lidiya daughter was born in marriage, who died in the future during his birth. The only grandson of Cupper died from RAS, obtained during World War II.

The second time the writer married Elizabeth Gainrich, with whom he lived until his days. In marriage, two daughters, Zinaida and Ksenia were born. But the first died in early childhood from the inflammation of the lungs, and the second became a famous actress. However, the continuation of the kind of chip did not follow, and today he has no direct descendants.

The second spouse Kurin survived it for only four years and, without having admitting a heavy test of hunger during the blockade of Leningrad, committed suicide.

1. Kubrin was proud of his Tatar origin, so the national caftan and a tubeette was often put on, leaving in such a clue to people, went to visit.
2. In part, thanks to the acquaintance with I. A. Bunin, Kubrin became a writer. Bunin once appealed to him with a request to write a note on his posterior the note, which marked the beginning of the literary activity of Alexander Ivanovich.
3. The author was famous for his sense of smell. Once visiting Fedor Chaliapina, he flew all those present in shock, eclipping the invited perfume with its unique light, unmistakably recognizing all the components of the new fragrance. Sometimes, when meeting new people, Alexander Ivanovich sniffed them, thereby putting everyone in an awkward position. They said that it helped him better understand the essence of the man who in front of him.
4. In all his life, Kubrin changed about twenty professions.
5. After acquaintance in Odessa with A. P Chekhov, the writer went to his invitation to St. Petersburg to work in a famous magazine. Since then, the author has acquired a reputation as a deboschir and drunkard, as it often took part in the entertainment activities in a new environment for himself.
6. The first wife, Maria Davydov tried to eradicate some inorganization inherent in Alexander Ivanovich. If he fell asleep during work, she deprived him of breakfast, or forbidden to enter the house, if the new heads of the work were ready, over which he worked at that time.
7. The first monument to A. I. Kuprina was established only in 2009 in Balaclava in the Crimea. This is due to the fact that in 1905 during the Ochakovo-uprising sailors, the writer helped them hide, thereby retaining their lives.
8. About drunkenness of the writer went legends. In particular, the stakes repeated the famous saying: "If the truth is in wine, how many truths in Cookina?".

Death

The writer returned from emigration to the USSR in 1937, but already with undermined health. He fell hope for the fact that the second breathing will open in his homeland, he will recover the state and will be able to write again. At that time, the vision of Kukrin was worsened.

Extremely complex and faster picture are the life and creativity of Kurp. Briefly state them difficult. The whole experience of life has taught him to call for humanity. In all the stories and the pendas of the Kupper laid the same meaning - the love of man.

Childhood

In 1870, in a sad and anhydrous town, the Penza province will be told.

Wosted very early. When he was fulfilled a year, father died, small width. There was nothing remarkable in the city, except for artisans who made sieve and barrels. The life of the baby walked without joys, but there was enough offense. They went with his mother on acquaintances and pleased the seagull's cup, pleasedly. And "benefactors" pushed her hand for a kiss.

Wandering and Studies

Mother after 3 years, in 1873, and his son went to Moscow. She was taken to the widow house, and the Son from 6 years old, in 1876 - to the orphan board. Later, Kubrin will describe these institutions in the stories "Fugitives" (1917), "Holy False", "on the rest." These are all stories about people who have thrown ruthlessly. So begins the story about the life and creativity of Kurp. Briefly tell about it difficult.

Service

When the boy was gone, he was able to attach it first to the military gymnasium (1880), then in the Cadet Corps and, finally, in the UNCER School (1888). Training was free, but painful.

So they reached a long and insane 14 military years with their meaningless Mustra and humiliation. A continuation was an adult service in a shelf, which stood in a spent shower under Podolsky (1890-1894). The first story, which will publish A. I. Kuprin, opening the military theme, "inquiry" (1894), then "Lilac Kuste" (1894), "Night shift" (1899), "Fight" (1904-1905) and others .

Years of wanderings

In 1894, Kuprin decisively changes his life. He resigns and lives very poorly. Alexander Ivanovich settled in Kiev and began writing for newspapers Fakenon, in which he paints the life of the city with colorful smears. But lacked knowledge of life. What did he see besides military service? He was interested in everything. Balaklava fishermen, and Donetsk plants, and the nature of Polesia, and the unloading of watermelons, and the air balloon flying, and circus artists. He thoroughly studied the life and life of people who made up the ridge of society. Their language, jargon and morals. Satisfied with the impressions of life and creativity Cookin briefly convey almost impossible.

Literary activity

It was during these years (1895) Kubrin becomes a professional writer, constantly publishing his works in various newspapers. He meets Chekhov (1901) and all who surrounds it. Previously, it became friends with I. Bunin (1897) and then with M. Gorky (1902). One after another there are stories that make society shudder. "Moloch" (1896) about the severity of the capitalist oppression and displacement of workers. "Fight" (1905), which is impossible to read without anger and shame for officers.

Chastely touches the theme of nature and love writer. "Olesya" (1898), "Sullaify" (1908), "Pomegranate bracelet" (1911) knows the whole world. He is the knowledge and life of animals: "Emerald" (1911), "Skvortsa". At about these years, Kuprin can already contain a family on literary earnings and marries. His daughter is born. Then divorces, and in the second marriage he also appears daughter. In 1909, Kubrin was awarded the Pushkin Prize. The life and creativity of the junk, briefly described, with difficulty fit into several paragraphs.

Emigration and Return to Motherland

The Oktyabrskaya revolution by the Female and the heart of the artist Kubrin did not accept. He leaves the country. But, printed abroad, hurts at home. Age and disease are submorted. Finally, he still returned to his beloved Moscow. But, having lived here a year and a half, he, heavily ill, dies in 1938 at the age of 67 in Leningrad. This is how the life and creativity of the junk ends. Summary and description do not transmit bright and saturated impressions of his life reflected on the pages of books.

About the prose and biographies of the writer

Essay briefly submitted in our article, says that every owner of his destiny. When a person is born, his stream of life picks up. Someone he lies into the stagnant swamp, and it leaves so there, someone flounders, trying to somehow cope with the flow, and someone just swims downstream - where it will take out. But there are people to whom Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin, who are stubbornly row against the current.

Born in the provincial, unremarkable town, he will love him forever and will return to this uncomplicated dusty world of harsh childhood. Meshchansky and meager will dig it will love inexplicable.

Maybe for carved platbands and geraniums on the windows, maybe for immensity fields, and maybe behind the smell of the rain of dusty earth. And maybe this poverty will pull him in his youth, after the army Mushtra, which he experienced 14 years old, learn Russia in its entirety of its paints and govors. Where only his pathways will not be listed. Both in the Polessian forests, and in Odessa, and at the metallurgical factories, and in the circus, and in the swelling at the airplane, and on the unloading of bricks and watermelons. Everyone knows a person full of inexhaustible love for people, to their everyday life, and all his impressions will reflect in the titles and stories that contemporaries will be read and who are not outdated and now, a hundred years later after writing them.

Is it possible to become an old young and beautiful Sullamife, the beloved king Solomon, can it stop to love the forest sorceress, Olesya Robust Citiza, can stop playing Sasha-musician from "Gambrinus" (1907). And Arto (1904) is still devoted to its owners who love him infinitely. All this saw the writer with their own eyes and left us on the pages of her books so that we could be horrified by the gravity of the capitalism in the "Moloch", the nightmare of young women in the "pit" (1909-1915), the terrible death of beautiful and innocent emerald .

Kubrin was a dreamer who loving life. And all the stories passed through his attentive glance and a sensitive clever heart. Supporting friendship with writers, Kubrin never forgot the workers, no fishermen, no sailors, that is, those who are called simple people. They were united in the inner intelligence, which is given not to the formation and knowledge, and the depth of human communication, the ability to sympathize with natural delicacy. He was hard for emigration. In one of his letters, wrote: "The more talented man, the harder it without Russia." Without picking up himself to the genius, he simply died in his homeland and, returned, died after severe illness in Leningrad.

Based on the presented essay and chronology, it is possible to write a brief essay "Life and Creativity Kuprin (briefly)."

Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin - the famous writer, the classic of Russian literature, the most significant works of which are "Junker", "Fight", "Yama", "Pomegranate bracelet" and "White Poodle". Also, the high art is considered short stories Kurin on Russian life, about emigration, about animals.

Alexander was born in the district of the city, which is located in the Penza region. But the childhood and youth of the writer passed in Moscow. The fact is that the father of Kupper, the hereditary nobleman Ivan Ivanovich died a year after his birth. Mother of Love Alekseevna, also originating from a noble family, had to move to a major city, where it was much easier for her son upbringing and education.

Already at 6 years old, Kurin was determined in the Moscow Razumovsky Pension, which acted on the principle of the orphan boarding school. After 4 years, Alexander was transferred to the Second Moscow Cadet Corps, at the end of which the young man enters the Alexander Military School. The Kuprin was produced in the rank of a podernik and served exactly 4 years in the Dnieper infantry shelf.

After the resignation, a 24-year-old young man leaves for Kiev, then in Odessa, Sevastopol and other cities of the Russian Empire. The problem was that Alexander did not have any civil specialty. Only after acquaintance with he managed to find a permanent job: Kubrin goes to St. Petersburg and is arranged in the magazine for all. Later, he will be equipped in Gatchina, where during the First World War at his own expense will contain a military hospital.

Alexander Kuprin with enthusiasm perceived the renunciation of the king. After the arrival of the Bolsheviks, even personally addressed to the proposal to publish a special newspaper for the village "Earth". But soon, seeing that the new government imposes a dictatorship country, completely disappointed in it.

It is Cupper who owns the derogatory name of the Soviet Union - "Council", which will firmly enter the jargon. During the civil war, he joined the White Army volunteer, and after a major defeat, he left abroad - first in Finland, and then to France.

By the beginning of the 30s, the jacket of the mirro in debt and could not provide his family even the most necessary. In addition, the writer did not find anything better, how to look for a way out of a difficult situation in a bottle. As a result, the only decision was the return to the homeland, which in 1937 supported personally.

Books

To write Alexander Kuprin began at the last courses of the Cadet Corps, and the first samples of the pen were in the poetic genre. Unfortunately, the writer never published his poetry. And the first printed story was the "Last Debut". Later in magazines, his story "Fogging" and a number of stories for military topics.

In general, the subject of the army at Kuprik is given a lot of space, especially in early work. It is enough to recall his famous autobiographical novel "Junker" and the story preceding him "on a fracture", also published as "cadets".

Dawn Alexandra Ivanovich as a writer fell at the beginning of the 20th century. The story of the "White Poodle" story became the later classic of children's literature, the memories of the journey to Odessa "Gambrinus" and probably the most popular his work is the story "fight". At the same time they saw the light and creatures such as the "liquid sun", "pomegranate bracelet", stories about animals.

Separately, you need to say about one of the most scandalous works of Russian literature of that period - the story of "pit" about the life and destinies of Russian prostitutes. The book was mercilessly criticized, no matter how paradoxically, for "excessive naturalism and realism." The first edition of the "pit" was seized from the press as a pornographic.

In emigration, Alexander Kubrin wrote a lot, almost all of his works were popular with readers. In France, he created four major work - "Dome of St. Isaacia Dalmatsky", "Wheel of Time", "Junker" and Zhanet, as well as a large number of short stories, including the philosophical parable about the beauty of the "Blue Star".

Personal life

The first wife of Alexander Ivanovich Kurpric was the young Maria Davydov, the daughter of the famous cellist Karl Davydov. The marriage existed for only five years, but during this time the spouses had a daughter Lydia. The fate of this girl was tragic - she died shortly after the birth of the Son at the age of 21.

With the second wife of Elizabeth Morithovskaya Gainerich, the writer was married in 1909, although they lived together for that time for two years. They had two daughters - Ksenia, who later became the actress and model, and Zinaida, who died in three years from the complex form of lung inflammation. The spouse survived Alexander Ivanovich for 4 years. She committed suicide during the blockade of Leningrad, without preparing constant bombing and endless hunger.

Since the only grandson of Cupper Alexei Egorov died due to the wounds received during the Second World War, then the genus of the famous writer was interrupted, and today it does not exist direct descendants.

Death

Alexander Kurrin returned to Russia already with highly undermined health. He had dependence on alcohol, plus an elderly man quickly lost his eyesight. The writer expected that his homeland would be able to return to work activity, but the state of health did not allow it.

A year later, while watching a military parade on Red Square, Alexander Ivanovich picked up the inflammation of the lungs, which also burned the esophagus cancer. On August 25, 1938, the heart of the famous writer stopped forever.

The tomb of Cookin is located on the literal walkways of the Volkovsky cemetery, not far from the burial of another Russian classic.

Bibliography

• 1892 - "Faulty"
• 1898 - "Olesya"
• 1900 - "On the fracture" ("Cadets")
• 1905 - "Fight"
• 1907 - "Gambrinus"
• 1910 - "Pomegranate bracelet"
• 1913 - "Liquid Sun"
• 1915 - "Yama"
• 1928 - "Junker"
• 1933 - Zhaneta

Life and creativity A. I. Kurin.

The future Master of Feather was born, in the noble family of 07.09.1870, in the Penza province, G. Vorov. His parents were nobles.
At six years, Sasha was determined in the Moscow Razumovskaya school. The next stage of his training was military gymnasium, at the end of which, becomes the cadet passed training in the Alexander Military School before 1890 G.
In the school, the future master of the word wrote his first youthful poems, some of them reached the present day. The first publication appeared in 1889 year in the journal with the name "Russian Satyric Listka" and was called "the last debut".
Being in the rank of a pitchfunker of the infantry regiment, the Kuprin continued the samples of the pen. His works: "Full up", "inquiry", "Lunar Night" were published in St. Petersburg by the magazine "Russian wealth".
Army cruel morals, hopeless boredom and endless Mushtra, turned the military from continuing service. Having left B. 1894 Decarious year, he settled in Kiev. After moving to this city, books were published: the book of the stories "Miniatures" and the collection of essays "Kiev types".
About seven years, Alexander Ivanovich challenged on the expanses of the Motherland and mastered different crashes, worked as a surveyor, fisherman, teacher, actor, and even worked in a circus. The accumulated impressions were reflected in his books. For example, in the story "Moloch" described the hopeless exhausting work of factory workers. A B. 1898 The year was created "Polessian stories" and the story "Olesya."
The wanders ended in 1901 The year and the young writer, on the advice of I. Bunin, settled in St. Petersburg and marriage with M. K. Davydova. He was employed in the magazine for all.
The beast of talent of the author came for the years between the two revolutions. IN 1905 The year saw the light of the story "Duel". She brought Cupur in universal fame. Publications followed one after another, with 1904 G. P. 1917 G. The stories were: "Pomegranate bracelet", "Gambrinus", "Emerald", "Sullaph", the story "Yama", as well as the first collected works.
Friendship with M. Gorky and A. Chekhov, a lot contributed to the formation of a writer and his participation in the life of society. Alexander Ivanovich helped to hide from policemen to the rebels from the Ochakov cruiser. When the First World War began, Alexander voluntarily went to the operating army, but was soon demobilized. Upon return, I placed in my house in Gatchina wounded soldiers.
Changes touched and family life. Satisfied with the first wife, he married E. M. Gainrich. IN 1909 The Creativity of Prosaik was noted by the Pushkin Prize. A B. 1915 G. was published a complete collection of the writings of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprina.
February Revolution 1917 The year brought closer to the prose with Esrami. He accepted it with enthusiasm, but the new government brought the country dictatorship and civil war. Disappointed, Kuprin joined the army of the Yudenich, and in 1920 The year immigrated with his wife and daughter to France.
In immigration, Alexander Ivanovich continued to work. There was a novel-autobiography "Junker", books "New Tale and Stories", "Elan", "Wheel of Time". But life abroad was filled with poverty and nostalgia in native land. His return to Russia 1937 I. V. Stalin supported the year.
In the homeland, the Kurpric family was provided by a warm welcome, housing and services of doctors were provided. The writer by that time suffered from esophageal cancer. His last essay "Moscow native" became the final point in the art's work.
Kubrin A. I. died on 08.28.1938 in Leningrad, at the age 67 years. He rests on the Volkovsky cemetery. The spouse survived him for a while, without having hunger during the Leningrad blockade, she committed suicide.
Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin Outstanding Russian Writer Realist, his works describe events, participant or witness he was. And brightly draw the life and life of his contemporaries. He managed to make a significant contribution to Russian literature with his work.

Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin - Russian Writer of the beginning of the 20th century, who left a noticeable mark in the literature. Throughout his life, he combined literary creativity with military service and travel, was an excellent observer for human nature and left behind the stories, the story and essays made in the realism genre.

Early stages of life

Alexander Ivanovich was born in 1870 by the noble family, but his father died very early, and therefore the boy's growing was difficult. Together with his mother, the boy moved from the Penza region to Moscow, where he was given to the military gymnasium. This defined his life - the next years he was somehow connected with the military service.

In 1887, he came to study at the officer, after three years he graduated from training and went to the infantry regiment, quartered in Podolsk province, as a porquet. A year before that, the first story of a novice writer was printed in the press - "Last Debut". And for four years, Alexander Ivanovich sent a few more works - "Fighting", "inquiry", "lunar night".

The most fruitful period and last years

After the restsar, the writer moved to live in Kiev, and then traveled for a long time in Russia, continuing to collect experience for the following works and periodically publishing stories and tale in literary journals. At the beginning of the 1900s, he worked closely with Chekhov, Bunin and moved to the northern capital. The most famous works of the writer - "Pomegranate Bracelet", "Yama", "Fight" and others - were published in the interval between 1900 and 1915.

At the beginning of the First World War, Kuprin was again called upon service and sent to the northern border, but he was quickly demobilized due to weakened health. The revolution of 1917, Alexander Ivanovich perceived ambiguously - he reacted positively to the renunciation of the king, but was against the Bolshevik power and was inclined to the ideology of Serc. Therefore, in 1918, he, like many others, leaned into French emigration - but also returned to his homeland in a year to help the strengthening Belong Guard movement. When the counter-revolution suffered a final defeat, Alexander Ivanovich returned to Paris, where long years lived calmly and published new works.

In 1937, he returned to the Union at the government invitation, since he strongly for the left left. However, after a year, he died from the incurable esophagus cancer and was buried in St. Petersburg.