Who rebuilt the Mariinsky Theater and Big. Mariinsky Theatre

Mariinsky Theatre. Mariinsky Theater (named Empress Mary Alexandrovna), Opera and Ballet Theater in St. Petersburg. Opened in 1860 Opera production "Life for the king" M.I. Glinka in the rebuilt in 1859 the building of the circus theater on theatrical square ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

MARIINSKY THEATRE - Opened in 1783 in St. Petersburg as a stone (large) theater, from 1860 in a modern building (arch. A. Kavos), at the same time received a modern name; In 1919 1991 State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, from 1935. S. M. Kirov, from 1992 ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

MARIINSKY THEATRE - (named Empress Mary Alexandrovna), Opera and Ballet Theater in St. Petersburg. Opened in 1860 opera production Life for the king M.I. Glinka in a rebuilt in 1859 the building of the Circus Theater on theatrical Square (reconstructed in 1968 1970). One ... ... Russian history

Mariinsky Theatre - (see the Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov). Saint Petersburg. Petrograd. Leningrad: Encyclopedic Directory. M.: Large Russian Encyclopedia. Ed. College: Belova L. N., Buldakov G. N., Degtyarev A. Ya. And Dr. 1992 ... St. Petersburg (Encyclopedia)

Mariinsky Theatre - Mariinsky Theater, see the Opera and Ballet Theater named after S. M. Kirov ... Encyclopedic Directory "St. Petersburg"

Mariinsky Theatre - Opened in 1783 in St. Petersburg as a stone (large) theater, from 1860 in a modern building (architect A. Kavos), at the same time received a modern name; In 1919 1991, the State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater, since 1935 S. M. Kirov ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Mariinsky Theatre Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Mariinsky Theatre - in St. Petersburg. Open 2 Oct. 1860 by the renewal of the opera life for the king. Rebuilt by architect A. K. Kavos from the Circus Theater burnt in 1859. Recently (1894 96) the theater is overly rebuilt. Significant work, in order to improve ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Mariinsky Theatre - See Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater ... Music encyclopedia

Mariinsky Theatre - Mariinsky Thert, see Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theater ... Ballet. Encyclopedia

Books

• Mariinsky ballet: view from Moscow, Tatiana Kuznetsova. This book is a scenic portrait of the St. Petersburg troupe seen by the eyes of Muscovite. Here are described the performances that the theater represented as hits of its seasons from 1997 to 2012: ... to buy for 632 rubles
• Big theater. Culture and politics. New story, Solomon Wolves. Live, unorthodox history of interaction between politics and art, power and society, king and theater. A large theater is one of the most famous brands of Russia. In the West, the word bolshoi is not ...

The building of the Mariinsky Theater.

The Mariinsky Theater of St. Petersburg is a large-scale theatrical and concert complex that has no analogues in the world.

For more than a two hundred years of history, the Mariinsky Theater presented the world of many great figures of the scene - conductors, directors, ingenious decorator artists. Achieve World Glory Artists who have honored their skills in the troupe of Marinki: Fedor Shalyapin, Matilda Kshesinskaya, Anna Pavlova, Vaclav Nizhinsky, Galina Ulannova, Mikhail Baryshnikov, and many others.

High positions of world recognition are held today. One of the laureates of the prestigious premium of the influential New York magazine Dance Magazine. 2017 was the prima ballerina Mariinsky Theater Diana Vishnev.

History and general information

The history of the theater begins at the end of the distant XVIII century, when on December 5, 1783, a large theater was solemnly opened on a carousel square, which began to be called in his honor - theatrical. The stone building, built on the project Antonio Rinaldi, did not once be reconstructed and restructuring as the city of Ros, and the appearance changed in accordance with the architectural fashion of those times.

In the first half of the XIX century, a large theater becomes one of the most popular attractions of St. Petersburg. The front and festive view, he owes the creative genius of the architect Tom de Tonon, then Architect Alberto Kavosu - the son of the composer and the dropleter who restored it after the grandiose fires and changed its proportions and sizes in accordance with the requirements of time.

The "Golden Age" of the Bolshoi Theater is for this period when opera Weber, Rossini, Water Alyabyev, are going on his scene with great success. The birth of the glory of the Russian ballet is associated with the legendary Charlock Didlo, who led the Petersburg theater school. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin becomes frequenter.

A significant event was the premiere of the first National Opera Mikhail Glinka "Life for the Tsar" on November 27, 1836. Exactly 6 years after the same day, the premiere of the second opera of the Russian composer Ruslan and Lyudmila took place. These two dates followed the large Petersburg theater in the history of Russian culture forever.

Fire Flame of 1859 opens a new story page. As the "Phoenix Bird" from the ashes of the burnt theater Circus, located opposite the Big, according to the project A. Kavos, a new theater is being revived, which is named Mariinsky in honor of the wife of Emperor Alexander II - Mary Alexandrovna. And again Opera M. Glinka "Life for the King" appears before its first viewers on October 2, 1860.

In 1886, the building of the St. Petersburg Conservatory was built on the site of the Bolshoi Theater, and all performances by this time were transferred to the stage of the Mariinsky Theater. The Marinki building is repeatedly rebuilt and reconstructed in the period from 1885 to 1894. Under the leadership of the architect of the Imperial theaters of Viktor Schrether, the facade of the building acquires monumentality, indoor premises are expanding, the acoustics of the hall are improved, the side fatings, power plant, boiler room are completed.

The Imperial Mariinsky Theater continued the tradition of the first musical scene, developed and strengthened key positions in theatrical culture. With the coming to the post of Kapelmeister Eduard direction in 1863, a whole epoch, marked with the premieres of the opera masterpieces. "Boris Godunov" and "Khovanshchina" M. P. Mussorgsky, "Snow Maiden" A. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, "Prince Igor" A. P. Borodina, "Peak Lady" P. I. Tchaikovsky and others - entered the story Russian opera music and still go on the scene of the theater.

Ballet on the theater scene.

Here there was a happy meeting of the balletmaster Marius Petipa with the Grand Composer P. I. Tchaikovsky. The result of cooperation was the two wonderful ballet "Sleeping Beauty" and "Nutcracker", and the Swan Lake has gained the second life in the Petipa formulation.

Ballet on the theater scene.

In the Soviet period, the theater declared state (1917) and he was assigned the name S. M. Kirov (1935).

The repertoire is updated by modern operators S. Prokofiev "Love for three oranges", "Salome" and "Cavalier of Rosa" Richard Strauss, successfully goes by the "Flame of Paris" by B. Astafieva, "Red Poppy" R. Gliera and many other productions.

During the Great Patriotic War, the theater is evacuated to Perm, and on September 1, 1944, he reiterates the season according to the tradition of Opera M. Glinka "Ivan Susanin" (the post-revolutionary name of the Opera "life for the king").

An important creative stage of the development of the theater is associated with the activities of Yuri Temirkanova, who was headed in 1976. His performances operas P. I. Tchaikovsky "Eugene Onegin" and "Peak Lady" still persist in the repertoire.

In 1988, Valery Gergiev became the chief conductor of the theater. Under his leadership, the Mariinsky Theater returned the historical name (1992) and implements a number of large-scale projects.

Lovers of classical music are striving to visit the concert hall open in 2006, who received the informal name of Mariineka-3. Built on the spot in 2003, the warehouse of theater decorations in 2003 is one of the best concert sites in the world. For the creation of acoustics, Japanese Jasuchis Toyota was invited - a world-class specialist, and the interior decoration performed a group of designers under the leadership of Mikhail Shemyakin. Combining two facades in one building - the historical 1900 and modern - symbolizes the connection of times. In the unusual visual hall, made in the form of a cradle, the scene is located in the middle, and places for the audience - around it in the form of terraces.

Scene of the concert hall of the Mariinsky Theater.

The most ambitious project is the opening of the new scene of the theater (Mariinsky-2) on the Kryukov Canal in front of the old building in 2013. At first glance, the construction of glass and metal does not fit into the image of St. Petersburg. However, according to the author of the project Jack Daimond, his idea was to create a modest background for the old building of the Mariinsky Theater.

The facade of the new building of the Mariinsky Theater.

In fact, an uncomplicated facade hides a dazzling interior. The best traditions of the XVIII century are embodied in the design of curved in the form of a large auditorium for 2 thousand places. The acoustics of the hall is such that the audience of the most remote places hear the most quiet notes. The two-level foyer is lined with onyx and marble, one of the stairs of 33 meters high is made of unique glass and connects all levels, and Swarovski chandeliers fill the space with warm fascinating light.

Architecture and interesting facts

The multifigure silhouette of the old building of the Mariinsky Theater, built in the style of neoclassicism, is impressive with its beauty and monumentality. In the auditorium - 1625 places. Everything is unusual here: from the blue color of the walls and the blue velvet seats to the drawing of the curtain, repeating the pattern of the dress of Empress Mary Alexandrovna. Crystal chandelier, made in 1860 of 23 thousand suspension, illuminates the ceiling with portraits of playwright surrounded by 12 nymph and amurists. Undoubtedly, at present the theater requires repair, and the audience remains to hope that it will be held carefully and will not deprive the interior of his unique historical charm.

Interesting facts associated with the Mariinsky Theater:

• During the opera "Boris Godunov" and "Hovanshchina", viewers hear the ringing of a real bell, which is behind the scene. During the fight against religion, the bell was dropped from the church and drowning in the hook channel, he later got it from the bottom and gave the theater.
• From the royal lodge, the hidden door leads to the dressing rooms. According to the legend, the heir to the throne of the throne of Nikolai was used to visit the young dancer Matild Kshesin's young dancer.
• In the 1970s, reconstruction was carried out, the builders found under the orchestrated pool layer of broken crystal. Only when the fragments were thrown out, it turned out that this layer performed the function of improving acoustics.
• By the way about acoustics. Opera is best to listen to the third tier, but the ballet is preferable from the first.

Where is and how to get

• The main building is located at: Theater Square, 1.
• Mariineka-2 is located on the street of Decembrists, 34.
• Mariinsky Theater Concert Hall - Pisarev Street, 20 (Entrance from the street. Decembrists, 37).

The nearest metro is a transport hub of three stations: "Spasskaya", "Sadovaya" and "Six Square". Next - on foot near a kilometer.

Either stopping public transport "Mariinsky Theater" (buses 2, 3, 6, 22, 27, 50, 70; route taxis 1, 2, 6k, 124, 169, 186, 306).

One of the oldest and leading musical theaters of Russia. The history of the theater dates back to 1783, when a stone theater was opened, in which dramatic, opera and ballet troupes performed. Department of Opera (singers P.V. Zlov, A.M. Krutitsky, E.S. Sandunova, etc.) and ballet (dancers E.I. I. I. I.Valber (Lesokorov), A.P. Glushkovsky, A.I.Sistini, E.I. Kolosova, etc.) The droupe from the dramatic occurred in 1803. Foreign operas were on the stage, as well as the first works of Russian composers. In 1836, the opera "Life for the king" M.I. Glinka, who opened the classic period of Russian opera arts. In the opera troupe sang outstanding Russian singers O.A.Petrov, A.Y. Petrov, as well as M.M.Stepanova, E.A. Semosov, S.S.Gulak-Artemovsky. In the 1840s. Russian opera troupe was pushed out of the Italian, who was under the auspices of the courtyard, and translated into Moscow. Her performances were resumed in St. Petersburg only from the mid-1850s. On the stage of the theater Circus, which after the fire in 1859 was rebuilt (architect A.K. Kavos) and opened in 1860 called the Mariinsky Theater (in 1883-1896 the building was reconstructed under the leadership of architect V.A. Scheter). The creative development and formation of the theater are associated with the execution of the operas (as well as ballets) A.P. Borodina, A.S.Dargomyzhsky, M.P.Morusorgsky, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, P.I. Tchaikovsky (many works for the first time) . The High Musical Culture of the team contributed to the activities of the Conductor and the composer E.F. Delibery (in 1863-1916). Balletmisters M. I. Petipa, L.Iivanov made a great contribution to the development of ballet art. On the stage of the Mariinsky Theater, singers performed by E.A. Lavrovskaya, D. Lonovova, I.A. Melnikov, E.K.Mavina, Yu.F. Plotonova, F.I.Stravinsky, M.I. and N.N. Figner, F.I.Schayapin, dancers T.P.Karsavin, M.F. Kshesinskaya, V.F.Nizhinsky, A.P. Pavlova, M.M. Fokin et al. Performances made up the largest artists , including A.Ya.Golovin, K.A. Korovin.

After the October Revolution, the theater became state, since 1919 - academic. Since 1920, the State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater was called, since 1935, the name of Kirov. Along with the classics, the theater put Opera and ballets of Soviet composers. Singers I.V. Sershov, S.I. Migai, S.Prevezhenskaya, N.M. Pekhkovsky, ballet artists, T.M.Veschkov, N.M. Dudinskaya, A.T., introduced a great contribution to the development of musical and theatrical art. V.Lokhov, K.M. Sergeev, G. Yulanova, V.M.chabukyani, A.Ya. Solet, Dierzhera V.A.Danishnikov, A.M.Pazovsky, B.E. Khaikin, Directors V. A.Lossky, S.E. Madlov, N.V.Smolich, I.Yu. Shlepyanov, Balletmisters A.Ya.Vaganova, L.M. Lavrovsky, F.V. Powhov. During the Great Patriotic War, the theater was in Perm, continuing to work actively (several prime ministers took place, including the Opera "Emelyan Pugachev" M.V. Kovlya, 1942). Some artists of the theater remaining in the besieged Leningrad, including Preobrazhenskaya, P. Z.andreyev, performed in concerts, on the radio, participated in opera performances. In the post-war years, the theater paid a lot of attention to Soviet music. Artistic achievements of the theater are associated with the activities of the main conductor S.V. Reltsin, E.P.Grikurova, A.I. Klimova, K.A.Simeonova, Yu.x.Etemikanova, directories E.N. Sokhnina, R.I.Tikhomirov , Balletmisters I.A. Belsky, K.M. Sergeeva, B.A. Benesther, L.V. Sybobson, Artists V.V.Dmitriev, I.V. SEVASTYANOV, S. B. Virsaladze, and others. In the troupe ( 1990): Chief Conductor V.A. Hergiev, Chief Ballet Maker O.I.Vinogradov, singers I.P. Bogacheva, E.E. Gorokhovskaya, G.A. Kovaleva, S.P. Leiferkus, Yu.M.Marusin, V.M. Morozov, N.P. Khotnikov, K.I. Prikovnikov, L.P. Filatova, B.G.Stokolov, Artists of Ballet S.Vikulov, V.N.Guleev, I.A.Kolpakova, G.T. Komlieva, N.A. Kurgapkin, A.I.Sizov, etc. Awarded the Order of Lenin (1939), October Revolution (1983). Little newspaper "For Soviet Art" (since 1933).