Who wrote the work of the thunderstorm at night. A.N.ostrovsky

Boris Grigorich, his nephew, a young man, decently educated.

Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova (Kabaniha), Rich Kupovikha, widow.

Tikhon Ivanovich Kabanov, her son.

Katerina, his wife.

Varvara, sister Tikhon.

Kuligin, Trashman, wurster self-taught, looking for perpetum mobile.

Vanya Kudryash, young man, Dikova's office.

Shapkin, tradesman.

Feclusha, Stranger.

Head, girl in Kabanova's house.

Baryna with two lackeys, old woman 70 years old, half-handed.

City inhabitants of both sexes.

The action takes place in the city of Kalinov, on the bank of the Volga, in the summer.

Between the third and fourth actions takes ten days.

Public garden on the high bank of the Volga, a rural view behind the Volga. On stage two benches and several bushes.

Kuligin sits on a bench and looks at the river. Kudryash and Shapkin walks.

Kuligin (sings). "Among the valley is flat, on a smooth height ..." (Stops singing.) Miracles, truly need to say that miracles! Kudryash! Here, the brother you are my, fifty years I look for the Volga every day and I can't gladly look.

Kudryash. What?

Kuligin. The kind of extraordinary! Beauty! The soul is rejoicing.

Kudryash. Neshu!

Kuligin. Delight! And you: "Neshhh!" We looked like, or do not understand what beauty is spread in nature.

Kudryash. Well, let's be with you to interpret! You have an antique, chemist!

Kuligin. Mechanic, self-taught mechanic.

Kudryash. All one.

Silence.

Kuligin (showing to the side). Look, brother Kudryash, who is it waiting for it there?

Kudryash. It? This is a wild nephew scolding.

Kuligin. Found a place!

Kudryash. He is everywhere else. It is afraid that it, he is! I got to him for a sacrifice Boris Grigorich, here he is on him and drives.

Shapkin. So such a crossover, as we have Savel Prokofich, look more! For nothing man will break through.

Kudryash. Piercing man!

Shapkin. Good too and kabaniha.

Kudryash. Well, yes, although, in extreme, everything is under the guise of piety, and this one, as the chain fell out!

Shapkin. Having a certain one, so he is fighting!

Kudryash. We have little guys on my place, and then we would disappear it to him.

Shapkin. What would you do?

Kudryash. Would be injured carefully.

Shapkin. Like this?

Kudryash. Full time, in the lane, in the alley somewhere would speak with him with an eye on the eye, so it would be silk. And about our science, I would not sing anyone, just walked yes I looked around.

Shapkin. No wish he wanted to give you to the soldiers.

Kudryash. I wanted, but did not give it, so it's all one that nothing. He will not give me me, he cares about his nose, that I can't sell my head cheaply. It's a terrible thing to you, and I can talk to him.

Shapkin. Oh whether!

Kudryash. What's here: Oh Li! I am bubbered; Why does he keep me? It became, I need me. Well, it means that I am not afraid of him, and he is afraid of me.

Shapkin. I wonder if he does not scold you?

Kudryash. How not to scold! He can not breathe without it. Yes, I do not descend: he is a word, and I am ten; Plus, and go. No, I will not worry before him.

Kuligin. From him, that it is to take an example! It is better to delete.

Kudryash. Well, here, since you are a smart, so you first learn it, and then teach us! It is a pity that his daughter has teenagers, there is no big one.

Shapkin. What would?

Kudryash. I would respect it. Hurt Lych on girls!

Wide and Boris are held. Kuligin removes the cap.

Shapkin (Kudryash). We will take away to the sidelines: it will also be tied, perhaps.

Depart.

The same, wild and boris.

Wild. Babyshi you, I come here! Darmot! Loss of you to the Propase!

Boris.. Holiday; What to do at home!

Wild. You will find a job as you want. Since I told you, two you told you: "Do not dare to meet me"; You all neat! Do you have little place? Wherever you come, here you are! Ugh you, damned! What are you like a pillar cost something! Are you talking al no?

Boris.. I listen to what I still do!

Wild (Looking at Boris). You got! I'm with you and I don't want to speak, with Yezuita. (Leaving.) So imposed! (Splashes and goes.)

Kuligin, Boris, Kudryash and Shapkin.

Kuligin. What do you have, sir, for doing with him? We will not understand in any way. Hunt for you to live with him yes to carry.

Boris.. What a hunt, Kuligin! Captivity.

Kuligin. Yes, what kind of capture, sir, let you ask you. If you can, sir, so tell us.

Boris.. Why not say? Have you known our grandmother, Anfisa Mikhailovna?

Kuligin. Well, how not to know!

Boris.. She was not blind for the fact that he married noble. On this occasion, the father with Mother and lived in Moscow. Mother told that she could not get along with his relatives for three days, he really seemed wildly.

Kuligin. Still not wild! Already saying! You need a big habit, sir, have.

Boris.. Parents were brought up in Moscow well, nothing for us did not regret us. I was given to the commercial academy, and sister in the boarding house, and both suddenly died in the cholere; My sister and I were left. Then we hear that the grandmother had died here and left the testament so that uncle would pay us some of which it should be when we come to the majority, only with the condition.

Kuligin. With what, sir?

Boris.. If we are respectful to it.

Kuligin. This means, sir, that you never see your inheritance.

Boris.. No, this is not enough, Kuligin! He first fastened over us, violated in every way, as his soul, and he will finish after all that will not give anything or so that some smallness. And will still tell me that from the grace gave, which would not be necessary.

Kudryash. So we have such an institution in merchants. Again, at least you were respectful to him, Nyšto who forbid him to say, what are you neutral?

Boris.. Well yes. I really talk now: "I have my own children, for what I will give someone else's money? Through this I should offend your offense! "

Kuligin. So, sir, poorly your business.

Boris.. I am alone, so nothing! I would leave everything left. And then sister sorry. He was and discharged her, and Mother's natives were not allowed, wrote that he was sick. Whatever her life here was - and imagine scary.

Kudryash. By itself. Is it not my appeal understand?

Kuligin. How do you live in him, sir, at what position?

Boris.. Yes, none: "Live, says I do, do what they will order, but a salary that I will put." That is, after a year, the difference is how he will be.

Kudryash. He has such a place. We have no one and do not see a dare about the salary, scolds on what the light stands. "You, say, how do you know what I keep on your mind? You can not know my soul! Or maybe I will come to such a location that you are five thousand lads. " So you talk to him! Only he has never come to such a location in his entire lives.

"Thunderstorm" is not Ostrovsky wrote ... "Thunderstorm" Volga wrote.
S. A. Yuryev

Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky was one of the largest cultural figures of the XIX century. His creativity will forever remain in the history of literature, and the contribution to the development of the Russian theater is difficult to overestimate. The writer has made some changes in the plays of the Pieces: attention should not be more accentuated only on one hero; The fourth scene is introduced, separating the audience from the actors to emphasize the convention of what is happening; Conventional people and standard everyday life situations are depicted. The latter position most accurately reflect the essence of the realistic method, which the island adhered to. His literary creativity began in the mid-1840s. "Family paintings", "poverty are not vice" and other plays were written ". The drama "Thunderstorm" has the history of creation not only to work on the text and prescribing conversations between characters.

The history of the creation of the Pieza "Thunderstorm" is originated in the summer of 1859, and ends in a few months, already in early October. It is known that this was preceded by a journey along the Volga. Under the patronage of the maritime ministry, an ethnographic expedition was organized to study the customs and morals of the indigenous population of Russia. Ostrovsky also participated in it.

The prototypes of the city of Kalinov were many Volga towns, simultaneously similar to each other, but having something unique: Tver, Torzhok, Ostashkovo and many others. Ostrovsky, as an experienced researcher, all his observations about the life of the Russian province and the characters of people cited in the diary. On the basis of these records, the characters "thunderstorm" were created later.

For a long time there was a hypothesis that the plot of "thunderstorms" was completely borrowed from real life. In 1859, namely at that time a play was written, a resident of Kostroma left the ear in the morning, and later her body was discovered in the Volga. The victim was Alexander Klykov girl. During the investigation, it was planted that the setting in the fled family was sufficiently intense. The mother-in-law was constantly mocked over the girl, and a non-infractive husband could not affect the situation. A catalyst for such an outcome of the events became a love relationship between Alexander and postal employee.

This assumption is strongly rooted in the minds of people. Surely, tourist routes would have already been laid in the modern world. In Kostroma "Thunderst" published a separate book, when performing the actor tried to resemble the fangs, and the locals even showed the place from where Alexander Katerina said from allegedly. Kostroma Railways of Vinogradov, which refers to the well-known explorer of literature S. Yu. Lebedev, found a lot of literal coincidences in the text of the play and in the "Kostroma business". And Alexander, and Katerina early gave married. Alexandra was hardly 16 years old. Katerina was 19.

Both girls had to endure discontent and despotism from the mother-in-law. Alexander Klyukova had to make all the black work on the house. Neither in the family of cannon, nor in the family of Kabanov did not have children. On this number of "coincidences does not end." The consequence was known that Alexandra had relationships with another person, an employee of the post office. In the play "Thunderstorm", Katerina falls in love with Boris. That is why for a long time it was believed that "Thunderstorm" - no more than reflected in the play case from life.

However, at the beginning of the twentieth century, the myth created around this incident was dispelled due to the comparison of the dates. So, the incident in Kostroma occurred in November, and the month earlier, October 14, the Ostrovsky was taken by the play for printing. Thus, the writer could not be displayed on the pages what was not yet accomplished in reality. But the creative story of "thunderstorms" from this does not become less interesting. It can be assumed that the Ostrovsky, being a smart person, was able to predict how to create the fate of the girl in typical conditions of that time. It is possible that Alexander, like Katerina, was tormented by the heighborhood, which is stated in the play. Existing old orders of magnitude and absolute cosiness and irresistibility of the current situation. However, it is not necessary to fully relate to Alexander with Katerina. It is possible that in the case of the fang causes of the death of the girl there were only household difficulties, and not a deep personal conflict, like Katerina Kabanova.

The most real prototype of Katerina can be called the actress of the theater Lyubov Pavlovna Kositskaya, who subsequently played this role. Ostrovsky, as well as Kositsk, had its own family, it was this circumstance that prevented the further development of the relations of playwright and actress. Kositskaya was from the Volga region, but at the age of 16 fled from the house in search of a better life. The sleep of Katerina, according to testimonies of Ostrovsky's biographers, was nothing more than his lovely love of Kositsky. In addition, Lyubov Kositskaya tremendously treated faith and churches. In one of the episodes, Katerina pronounces the following words:

"... I loved to go to the church to death! Exactly, I happened, I'm in a paradise enter, and I do not see anyone, and I don't remember time, and I don't hear when the service will end ... And you know, on a sunny day, such a bright pillar goes, and in this post smoke, for sure the clouds, And I see, it happened that angels in this post fly and sing. "

The history of the creation of the Pieza "Thunderstorm" is in its own way in its own way: there are legends, and personal drama. The premiere of "Thunderstorm" took place on November 16, 1859 on the scene of the Small Theater.

Test on the work

The contribution of Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky to Russian playwright is difficult to overestimate. Evidence of the recognition of his merit to the National Theater was the scientific title of corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. His house hospitably opened the doors in front of Lviom Nikolayevich Sergeyevich Turgenev, Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, Peter Ivanovich Tchaikovsky. The folk glory brought him the drama "Thunderstorm". The subject of this article is its summary. "Thunderstorm" on actions (and in drama 5) occurs in the invented Volga city of Kalinov.

Action 1. Characteristics of the city of Kalina

The first action takes place in the garden, broken on the Volga shore. Self-taught Kuligin's self-taught engineer with a buyer of the merchant Saveel Prokofiycha Wild - Vanya Kudryash. Later, the educated nephew Wild - Boris joins their conversation. We hear from them the capacious and impartial characteristics of the orders in this county city. Here the childhood of wild, on the one hand, and the Hangehous Moral Martha Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova (nicknamed Kabaniha), on the other. Wild, as obvious, plans to assign a part of the inheritance belonging to Boris.
Rudeness and Jesuitism flourish in the city. He is preached the most wealthy citizens. If Savel Prokofich brazenly, with screaming and swearing his workers, constantly paying for them a salary, Martha Ignatievna terates his domestic (daughter-in-law Katerina, the son of Tikhon and the daughter of Varbar) more subtle - constant repayments and teachings. At the same time, each of his lungs of Kabanih can explain "according to the concepts": they say, so established, etc. Her morality "impenetrable". It is no coincidentally with the assessment of the ustivo city begins "thunderstorm." A summary of the actions in the future is fully based on this capacious description.

Action 2. In the House of Kabani

We are witnessing the acts in the house of the Kabani kabani. Feklusha's Wanderer talks with the courtyard girl. Yurodivaya praises the generosity of the house of Kabanov and is trying to interest those listening to primitive fiction on the text of life in the "Full Countries". Ironically depicts the rally of the Piece of Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm." A summary of the chapters shows a real chain of the tragedy.

The daughter of the parcel of Varvara is carelessly playing the role of the pivot. Her daughter-in-law Katerina liked Wild nephew, Boris. Katerina Tikhon's husband leaves for business. His little sister, whose life beliefs - "Everything can be, if the ends in the water," collecting brothers on the road, simultaneously talks to the treason of his wife, Katerina. To do this, she came up with a tricky "combination" with a motion key substitution from the wicket.

Katerina is trying to keep loyalty to her husband in his own way. Requests Tikhon to take her with you. And when he refuses, she, as was found in the people, trying to tie himself as an oath through which he could not step over. But the closer Tikhon and here interrupts it.

Action 3. Date

A date of Katerina and Boris is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthis episode of the drama, his brief content. "Thunderstorm" occurs in different places of provincial Kalinov. The street is visible in front of the house of Kabanihi. Initially, Drunk Savel Prokofievich "Couplings" with Kupchikha. True, the "one field of the berry" is soon reconciled. Then the philosophical coaligine comes to change, then kissing a couple - Kudryash and Varvara. Excessively initiative cooking appoints Boris on behalf of Katerina to a meeting near the Kabanov Garden in a ravine. Finally, a date comes. And Kudryash with Barbara and Boris with Katerina prescribe it in one same place. True, then the couples diverge.

Katerina Dustko is recognized by Boris in love. However, as can be seen, the relationship to the love of mercantile, consumer. He does not understand, but most likely, and can not understand what treasure is the soul of Katerina. He did not pass the test of love, a small man. The Katerina's blinded by a feeling, of course, does not notice these nuances.

Action 4. Culmination

Disposable and payback is such a multitude of brief content. "Thunderstorm" by actions brings us to their climax. Rain rain, and Kalinov is in the power of thunderstorms. At the beginning of the action, Culigin's tradesman proves to the merchant to a wild need for arrangement in the city of thunder. But the cunning meek in Hamski insults the self-taught engineer and translates the conversation that the thunderstorm is the Kara of the Lord. So, however, many think. Having treated from the lightning committed adultery of Katerina. She does not reassure the admonition of Kuligin about the nature of electricity. What happens to be afraid of Barbara: frightened by admonitions appeared as a devil from tobacker, a poluly lady, accompanied by lackers, Katerina is recognized in his treason to her husband Tikhon. Is it worth expecting generosity from him? Unlikely.

Action 5. Tragedy

"Could happiness be where humiliation and a hypocrite reign?" - I invisibly hear the rhetorical question of the playwright, reading a summary. "Thunderstorm" in action thoroughly draws images of heroes, giving them an exhaustive characteristic. Drunk Tikhon talks with Kuligin. He tells how non-duly drank during a trip to Moscow, about the fact that Katerina "a little bit" for treason. (So \u200b\u200bMom ordered.) It rejoices that Boris Uncle Savel Prokofich sends to Siberia. From his words, we learn that Varya escaped to curly from Mama Merph Nedtyevna.

At this time, Katerina is looking for meetings with Boris. Seeing him, persuades to take her on a trip to Siberia. After the refusal, she krotko asks a young man to pray for her sinful soul. But even this does not penetrate a wicked young man. The last phase is deeply indicative: "Eh, kaba strength!" This is the phrase of complete moral bankrupt. Katerina does not want to go back to the worshipers of the Kabani, jumps in the Volga and sinks in it. Kuligin accuses Marfa Ignatievna and Tikhon in a long ratio to Katerina. Tikhon vinit the mother, considering himself unhappy.

conclusions

The shocked by the power of the talent of the playwright, the critic of Dobrolyubov wrote about the "thunderstorm" brilliant article "Light of Light in the Dark Kingdom". In it, he showed that the unfulfilled dreams of happiness in marriage, as well as the intention in the house of Kabanov led Katerina to suicide. Moreover, this act in understanding Dobrolyubov acquired the features protest. The critic Pisarev did not agree with him, who indicated the undevelopment of the mind, the intuitiveness and exacerbative emotionality of Katerina, who led it to the way, the dispute of these two prominent critics can be judged by the words of the classics of Goncharov that the "good heart" is more valuable to the sophisticated mind.

Instruction

The central characters of the play are representatives of two Kalinov family. The head of the first family is the powerful and hypocritical Hange of Kabaniha quit the daughter of Varbar, the son of Tikhon and his wife Katerina. The head of the second family - the same domineering and Samodor wild "holds in his fist" of all his relatives, including the nephew of Boris, who came to him. Wild and Kabaniha - representatives of the old generation, which requires respect for the young, however, the basis of their lifetime is hypocrisy and anger.

Barbara and Tikhon are subject to mother, knowing her hard character, as well as Quiet Boris, heard in front of the uncle in the hope that he will leave him part of the inheritance. However, the pure Katerina refuses to pretend and hypocrite, a ripen rustle against dictates of the mother-in-law and the unrequency of her husband. Barbara teaches her to pretend and live in his pleasure, but Katerina, as a whole nature, is not capable of pretense.

Tikhon leaves for business from the house, and the Kabaniha humiliates to Katerina. The husband does not stand up, fearing the wrath of the mother. It becomes the "last straw", after which Katerina is solved on the riot.

Barbara secretly meets with a local boyfriend Kudryash. Noticing that Katerina likes Boris, she organizes their secret meeting. Katerina understands what Boris loves, and does not resist his feelings. For her, their meetings are a sip of fresh air, freedom that she is so in the house of Kabani.

Meanwhile, Tikhon is returned to the house. Katerina suffers from the remorse of conscience and the inability to live with her husband further. No matter how advised to her Varvara, it is not able to hide the truth. During thunderstorm, the despair of Katerina reaches such power that she is admitted to the mother-in-law and her husband with all the people.

After recognition, the life of Katerina becomes unbearable: the mother-in-law exploits it, her husband, although, beats the mother's orders. In addition, from the house because of the reproaches of the mother runs away with Kudryas, the daughter of Varbara. The culprit of the scandal, Boris, his uncle Wild sees into Siberia. Katerina secretly meets with Boris and asks to take her with him, but indecisive and weak Boris refuses her. Understanding that there is nowhere to go to her, Katerina rushes into the Volga and dies. Tikhon, having learned about the death of his wife, for the first time, rebuilt against the mother, but it's too late.

The heroes of the play, representatives of two families, divide the Kalinovsky life on the "dark" and "light". Wild and Kabaniha prefer hypocrisy, cruelty, plentyness and hypocrisy, and such characters, like Tikhon, Varvara, Boris because of their own weakness, cowardice and indecision do not find strength to resist and become involuntary accomplices and accomplices. Only Katerina, due to his honest and solid nature, is able to shake on the world, no wonder the critic N. Dobrolyubov called it the "Light of Light in the Dark Kingdom." Forces, and Katerina dies, because it remains alone. However, its riot does not remain fruitless and gives hope for further changes, for example, in her husband Tikhon.

The action of the play turned in the small town of Kalinov. Kuligin, the inventor, looking for an eternal engine, and the Kudryash's office admired the Volga, sitting in the public garden. Screams came to them: a rich feeper Wildly shouted on his nephew Boris. Soon they appeared.

Boris told his story. He is forced to please the uncle, because the inheritance is visited by his grandmother. In the case of the "irresistible" relationship, Boris and his sister will not receive anything. Wildly - extremely greedy and rough man. He does not pay money to the workers, constantly shouts on the family and people around.

Here the Kabanov family walked. Kabaniha, cruel and despotic checkout, reported her son. He was not used to objective mother and could not heach her. Katerina, the wife, secretly in love with Boris, and the sister of Kabanova Varvara promised to arrange her meeting with him. Suddenly, the old half-sewed lady appeared, preventing the girls of misfortune from their beauty. Thunderstorm began.

Katerina is hard to live in the family of her husband. In the greatness, she was free and free to do everything that he wanted, and here, harsh kabaniha controls each family member.

The next day, Tikhon was leaving. Kabaniha, strictly observing the custom, forced everyone to say goodbye old. Katerina walked her husband to take her with her, but Kabanov wanted to live freely away from his wife and mother.

Katerina resisted his love to Boris to the latter, but Barbara, a unauthorized girl, persuaded her. She appointed a meeting with a young man, where at night he met with his beloved.

There was a festive day, many people walked around the boulevard. Wild, on an equal footing only with the boa, was fought from Kuligin. The inventor wanted to put the clock in the prominent place and to build a ram, which asked for money.

Tikhon returned home before laid, and his wife was ashamed of him. Kabaniha began to suspect something. They came to the boulevard when the thunderstorm began. There was a half-handed old woman, breaking for all torments for sins. Katerina could not stand the MUK conscience and admitted to treason.

Tikhon was sorry for Katerina. He was ready to forgive her, but the mother did not allow. The girl melted in his eyes and crying all the time. In order not to lose the inheritance, Boris went to Tyakht for uncle's orders. Barbara escaped with his beloved Kudryash.

Katerina went out of the house and met Boris accidentally. She wanted to go with him to Siberia, but it was impossible. Hurring, they said goodbye. Katerina did not want to go home, she was delirious.

Kuligin, Kabanov and other people searched for her throughout the city. Some woman found in the river, Tikhon wanted to run there, but the mother did not let. The inventor pulled from the water the corpse of Katerina, who dropped off the cliff. Tikhon has reworked his mother for the first time in his life, accusing it in the death of his wife, and cried on the dead.

This work denounces the outdated morals of the provincial city, uneducation and stupidity (in Kalinov, they believe in stories about people with dust heads). It rules are rich, rough, despotic people (wild and kabanya), and free and spiritualized (Katerina) there is no place.

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