The abstract of the lesson of music "Dynamic shades" plan-summary of the lesson on music on the topic. Expressive Metal Metals: Dynamics The role of the speaker in creating an image

The abstract of the lesson on the subject of musical grades and listening to music on the topic "Dynamic shades, their role and meaning in music." King "of ballroom dancing (the history of the occurrence and spread of the Waltz)"

Author: Atamanova Lyudmila Ivanovna, teacher MBOU DOD DAY, Usman, Lipetsk region.
Short description: I offer you an abstract of a lesson on the subject of music certificate and listening to music for grade 1. This material will be useful to the teachers of the Doda deh, working in the separation of general aesthetic education. In the proposed lesson, a personality-oriented approach was used. This work contains a presentation for the clarity of the material being studied. The lesson is aimed at developing musical abilities in students, the expansion of knowledge in the field of musical analysis, education of musical culture.

Purpose: To acquaint students with the concept of "dynamics", to help deal with the designation, the role of dynamic shades in music, as well as to tell about the emergence and distribution of Waltz, its place in the rich and diverse world of music, attracting children to active participation in the lesson.
Tasks:
1. Educational: to bring up a feeling of careful and respectful attitude towards the cultural heritage, take the dance as part of the spiritual and national culture.
2. Developing: Develop musical abilities: hearing, speech, memory, include creative imagination in class, exercise maximum activity.
3. Educational: To form the ability to memorize, orient in dynamic shades, apply them in practice. Recognize waltz among other musical genres.
Equipment: Musical instrument, tight, literary and educational material, technical means.

During the classes

(Slide)
Teacher: Guys, in our first lesson, we met with the concept of "sound." What is this?
Pupils: The sound is the result of the oscillations of the elastic body (for example, strings, air column). Sounds are divided into musical and noise.
Teacher: And in nature, the sounds are quiet and loud, and nobody confuses them. Before you two boxes. (Slide)
Teacher: Guess what sounds are hiding in them? First, enter the missing letters into the cells horizontally, then designate in the frames, which sounds: loud or quiet.

Teacher: And yet the concept of "loud" or "quiet" is very relative. For example, when you have a good mood, you turn on the player for the entire volume, and the neighbor on this day is a bad mood, so it is indignant. For him, this sound seems too loud. The same sound is perceived by us in different ways. But it may sound unequal. For example, sounds, quiet for the pipe, turn out to be too loud, say, for harp or guitar. Let's knock on the table: a little louder - even loudly loudly, very loud! Please note: the louder we knock, the more power we have to apply. (Slide)
Teacher: The power of sound is called volume And is a very important feature of musical sounds.
Record the definition in the notebook.
Music can be loud or quiet, can sharply or smoothly move from one volume to another. (Slide)
Teacher: Changing the volume of sounds in music is called dynamics.
Record definition in notebook
Dynamics (the Greek word DINAMIKOS means "power") - the power of the sound. Music, like human speech, is filled with a variety of sound shades. The more such shades, it is expressive. These sound shades are called dynamic. You never speak loudly or just quietly. The power of sound depends on what and how you want to say. Talking, singing or playing with strength means, with a feeling, with a big sincere lift. If you hit the keys hard, it turns out ...
Pupils: Loudly!
Teacher: And if weak?
Pupils: Quiet!
Teacher: Italian words forte (loud), piano (quiet). The name of which tool will get from these words?
Pupils: Piano.

Teacher: Remember these designations and write down. (Slide)
Teacher: And now let's play. Solve charad and fill the cells. The answer is recorded on the board
To two notes known to add an excuse,
It turns out a long and loud beep.
SIREN)

Teacher: Capture Sirena voice. Start quietly, gradually increase the volume of the siren approaching, passing by, is removed ... the closer, the louder than, the quieter. (Slide) write down the definitions:
(Crescendo) Creferedo- gradually enhanced, (diminuendo) Diminoendo -Productively relaxing.

Homework

draw dynamic forks to these notation:
P_________f; F_________p.
Teacher: We met today only with basic dynamic shades, but if you look at dynamic forks, you can see that at different points of these forks, the sound will change. We will talk about this in the next lesson, and now - listening to music and you will probably pay attention to the dynamic shades that will sound in it, as one of the most important means of musical expressiveness. But, before the music sounds, I have to tell about it. Of course, many times have been convinced that the music is closely connected with all arts: literature, theater, cinema, and even with visual art: painting, architecture, sculpture. But all these arts exist without music, having quite independent meaning. But there is such an art area that does not exist without music. What is this art?
Pupils: Dance.

Teacher: Of course, dance. And therefore, when we pronounce the word "dance", not only the dance figures of the dance itself always arise in our consciousness, but also the music characteristic of it is the musical image of this dance. Dance, choreography is a huge and very diverse area of \u200b\u200bart. There are dances born in one people, but who became the property of many. Some were danced by the simple people in the villages and cities, others - only in aristocratic salons, and there were those who enjoyed the same success in the simple people and in court circles.

Today we will talk only about one dance, amazing dance! It originated on a certain national basis, but gradually became a dance of almost all the peoples of the world, appeared in a wide democratic environment, one can say on the city and rustic square, and became the dance of absolutely universal. At first he was just intended to have been danced. And very soon he literally penetrated all the areas of music without exception. There is this dance for more than three centuries and does not submit any signs of an end. I think you guessed what kind of dance. Well, so that your answer is more convincing, guess the riddle:

Bright room all shovel,
Invite everyone to the ball
I will ask you to answer you
What kind of dance is this?
Waltz!

Well, of course, the waltz, dance, having a three-dollar size (once, two, three). It will emphasize a typical setting out of the accompaniment: on the first quarter there is a bass sound, and in the second and third quarters there are two chords that form a punch harmony with the bass. (Display of music text)
Now listen to how this waltz will sound performed.
Performed by the student R. Bahilin "Waltz"
To the homework to distribute notes with the "Waltz", where children should set dynamic shades.
Teacher: Do you know how the Waltz arose?

Long-time residents of small Austrian cities and villages after work were going to relax on the lawns. They sang, danced, boyko hanging out with her wooden shoes, circling and bouncing: once-two or three. Fun played a bad melody violin, the guys picked up the girls and slightly threw them into dance. And so this dance came to the most important city of Austria, her capitals - Vienna. And the inhabitants of Vienna were all interpreted dancers. They also danced at home, and away, and in the dance halls, and just on the streets of the city. When the village dance "Once or Two-three" came to Vienna, the inhabitants of the Austrian capital looked down on him and said dismissively: "Landll", which meant provincial, the village. Well, what is this dance! Shoes are knocking, men are throwing up, they scream together; Try wonders such a dance on a smooth parquet, rightly plump! Is it a joke to try? Of course, not so famously ... quieter, quieter! Do not jump like that! Motion softer, smaller. And he is nothing, this "Landler", this provincial! And the Landler dance has become a constant guest of all dance halls. (Slide)
I fulfill F. Schubert "Landler"
Discussion associated with character and dynamics
Teacher: And then this dance turned into another, who began to call the Waltz. But where did this name come from? Maybe it is noble than the previous one? Not at all! There is such a device of the rollers, between which wept and rolling metal plates. These two rollers are spinning all the time and retract metal tape with their rotation. Isn't it pulling, does the dance music involves in stealing? So a new dance called the word "Waltsen" - spinning, rotating. (Slide)
This is how the character of the Waltz is described in his novel "Eugene Onegin" A.S. Pushkin:
Monotonous and insane
How the vikhore life is young
Waltz Vikhori noisy
Chet flashes for a clear.
But at the present Waltz became famous when composers were noticed at him. Do you know who the first began to compose the waltzes? Not? Then I will tell you now. But for this let's remember the fairy tales of Andersen.
Pupils: Fire, wild swans, a thm.
Teacher: Well, in what fairy tale music playing music?
Let me remind you that in this fairy tale, the princess refused to take gifts from the prince-real rose and nightingale - and marry him. Then the prince smeared his face in Sazhey and entered the King of the Father Princess to work. By the evening, the prince smeared the magic pot, all those who were hung with pubbeds: when something was cooked in this pot, the puments called the ancient song.
Sounds "Ah, my dear Augustine"
Pupil:The fairy tale is called "Swinewa". (Slide)

Teacher: Well, who is Augustine?
Augustine is the name of the singer. He lived in Vienna almost four hundred years ago. He walked around the city and sang songs. Everyone was very loved by Augustine, because in his society life became brighter and more fun. The singer was especially popular in the year of the plague epidemic. Black sea ruthlessly mowed people. But Augustine walked around the city and sang his songs. People listened to his songs and believed that the plague would soon pass. One day, returning home in the late March night after a feast with friends, Augustine was in the cemetery and fell into a pit, where the poor people who died from the plague were buried. Waking up in the morning, Augustine, as if nothing had happened, got up and went to the city, telling friends about his unusual overnight. After that, the fame of the singer increased even more, and people believed that his music, his songs were stronger than the plague.
The song sounds again.
Teacher: This is the waltz! It is possible that Augustine is one of the first musicians of the world who began writing waltza! And how many beautiful waltz are written by composers in different countries! These are Russian composers, and French, and German. (Slide)

And now we will listen to the waltz of the German composer K.-M. Weber from the Opera "Magic Arrows".
This is one of the earliest waltz, the opera was created in 1821. There is still a connection with Landler, especially since his peasants are dancing under an independent accompaniment of rustic musicians directly on Square.
The merry holiday ends the traditional competition of hunters in shooting. The peasants in their simple uncomplicated clothes and rustic shoes are dancing slowly, smoothly describing the circles. And the melody is simple and idle, has a uniform rotational movement.
Waltz K.-M Weber from the opera "Magic shooter"
Waltz is just one topic, it sounds several times over the play. Each Waltz building has 8 clocks, such a structure is typical for dance music. Well, we will finish our lesson one of the most beautiful waltz in the world. He was composed by a man who at the beginning of the 20th century lived in the capital of Valvas Vienna and received the title "King Waltz" there. This is the famous Johann Strauss (there were two of them and son, both were known and both are famous, but the Son has significantly surpassed his father). (Slide)

Designations

Volume (relative)

Two basic volume indications in music:

Moderate volume of volume are indicated as follows:

In addition to signs f. and p. , There are also

Additional letters are used to indicate even more extreme degrees of volume and silence. f. and p. . So, quite often in the musical literature there are designations fFF. and pPP. . They do not have standard names, usually say "Fort-Fortissimo" and "Piano-Pianissimo" or "Three Forte" and "Three Piano".

In rare cases with additional f. and p. Indicate even more extreme degrees of sound. So, P. I. Tchaikovsky in his sixth symphony used pppppp. and fFFF. , and D. D. Shostakovich in the fourth symphony - fffff. .

Dynamics designations are relative, not absolute. For example, mP Indicates not to the exact volume level, but to play that this passage should be slightly louder than p. , and somewhat quieter than mF. . Some computer sound recording programs exist standard keypad values \u200b\u200bof the key, corresponding to one or another volume designation, but, as a rule, these values \u200b\u200bcan be configured. The following is the table of compliance of these designations, the sound volume levels in the backgrounds and sons.

Designation	Name	Volume level, background	Volume, Son.
fFF.	Forte-Fortissimo - the most loud	100	88
fF.	Fortissimo - very loud	90	38
f.	Forte - Loud	80	17,1
p.	Piano - quiet	50	2,2
pp.	Pianissimo - very quiet	40	0,98
pPP.	Piano-Pianissimo is the quietest	30	0,36

Gradual changes

Mines are used to indicate a gradual volume change crescendo (Italy. Crescendo) denoting the gradual gain of the sound, and diminuendo (ITAL. Diminuendo), or desenedo (Decrescendo) - gradual weakening. In notes, they are designated abbreviated as cresc. and dim. (or decresc.). For the same purposes, special signs are "forks". They are pairs of lines connected on one side and divergers on the other. If the lines from left to right diverge<), это означает усиление звука, если сходятся (>) - Weakening. The following piece of music record indicates a moderately loud beginning, then amplifying sound and then weakening it:

"Forks" are usually recorded under a tonfish, but sometimes above it, especially in vocal music. Usually indicate short-term volume changes, and signs cresc. and dim. - Changes on a longer time interval.

Designations cresc. and dim. may be accompanied by additional instructions pOCO. (Rus. pain - Little), poco A Poco. (Rus. poko A rest - Little little), subito. or sUB (Rus. sublit - Suddenly), etc.

Sharp changes

Sforzando (ITAL. SFORZANDO) or sforzato (SFORZATO) denotes a sudden sharp accent and is indicated sf. or sfz. . A sudden gain of several sounds or a short phrase is called rINFORCANDO (Italian. RinforZando) and is indicated rinf. , rf or rFZ. .

Designation fP. (Forte Piano) means "loudly, then immediately quiet"; sFP. (SFORZANDO PIANO) indicates Sforzando followed by Piano.

Accent

Accent (Ital. Accento) - Selection of individual tones or chords by means of stronger stress. When writing is indicated by the sign > Over the corresponding notew (chord) or under it.

Musical terms associated with the dynamics

• al Niente. - literally "to nothing", to silence
• calando. - "Falling"; Slowing down and reducing the volume.
• crescendo. - Strengthening
• decrescendo. or diminuendo. - Reduced volume
• marcato. - emphasizing every note
• morendo. - Footing (silent and slowing down the tempo)
• perdendo. or perdendosi. - Losing power, decline
• più. - More
• pOCO. - Little
• poco A Poco. - little, gradually, gradually
• sotto Voce. - in low voice
• subito. - Suddenly

History

The instructions for dynamic shades one of the first introduced into the musical notation of the Age of the Renaissance Giovanni Gabrieli, however, until the end of the XVIII century, such designations were rarely used by composers. Bach used Terms piano., più Piano. and pianissimo. (written in words), and we can assume that the designation pPP. at that time meant pianissimo..

Notes

see also

Modern musical notation
Night Stan.
Music signs
Strichi
League
Music Music Theory Music Notation

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Watch what is "Dynamics (Music)" in other dictionaries:

Music (from Greek. Musike, letters. Art music), type of art in which the means of incarnation of artistic images serve in certainly organized musical sounds. The main elements and expressive means of the music of the LAD (see Flood), ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Modern encyclopedia

- (from Greek. Musike letters. Art Music), type of art in which the means of incarnation of artistic images serve in certainly organized musical sounds. The main elements and expressive music of the music of the road, rhythm, meter, pace, ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Music - (Greek Musike, literally art music), type of art in which the means of incarnation of artistic images serve as certainly organized musical sounds. The main elements and expressive music of the music PD, rhythm, meter, ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (c. Musike - Literally: Art Music) Art type reflecting the reality in sound artistic images or a set of works of this art actively affecting the human psyche. Music is capable of specifically ... Encyclopedia of cultural studies

I Music (from Greek. Musik, literally art music) Art type, which reflects reality and affects a person by means of meaningful and specially organized sound sequences consisting mainly of the tones ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

- (Greek. Moysikn, from Mousa Muse) The appearance of the claim, to rye reflects reality and affects a person by means of meaningful and specially organized in height and in time of sound sequences consisting mainly of the tones ... ... Music encyclopedia

Pedagogue optional

education: Lysenko Natalia Anatolyevna

Group number 4.

Date:

Plan-abstract classes.

Subject: Dynamics as a means of musical expressiveness.

Objective: Expand and deepen already receivedknowledge of the dynamics of musical sound, as a means of expressiveness. To acquaint with dynamic shades and their symbols.

Tasks

Educational: To define the concept of dynamics, dynamic shades. To teach distinguishing the dynamics of voice, musical instruments. Teach to hear dynamic shades in musical works. Perception of means of musical expressiveness through the system of creative tasks.

Developing: Develop a conscious, holistic perception of music. Develop creative thinking and imagination. Develop interest in classical music, the ability to listen, analyze and talk about the musical work. Development of singing skills, vocal work skills, using the knowledge gained.

Educational: to involve students in active activity, contribute to free communication in the team with the help of music games. Rise love for music, the desire to listen and execute it. Improve the emotional sphere, aesthetic taste, to introduce to musical values \u200b\u200bon the example of music Antonio Vivaldi.

Travel course.

Pedagogue: Music is able to affect the sense of a person, to cause a sense of joy or on the contrary to sadness, anxiety or delight. We have already talked about musical intonation, as the language of music on which the author speaks with us. And today we will talk about another means of musical expressiveness, which helps and strengthens the impact on our perception. And this is a musical dynamics. Who can say what is the speaker?

(Responses of students.)

Dynamics is a change in the sound strength, the volume of the sound of the musical work.

What dynamic shades do you already know? (Student Answers)

Correctly, we already know that the loud sound is called Forte, and Piano. But the loudness shades are very many, as well as the shades of one color in painting. And we listen to music with you learn to distinguish them. Before you (on the slide), the table of dynamic shades. As you can see the musicians use other volume designations, such as: not very quiet or on the contrary, others are very loud.

The speaker helps the composer or the performer correctly transfer the necessary feelings and moods to the listener. So the lullaby sounds especially gentle by Nuance Piano (quiet). Solemnity march gives forte (loud sound), etc.

Now I suggest you listen to the excerpts from the music, analyze and explain how dynamics helps to pass the mood of music. (Students are divided into groups, listen to passages, discuss them in the group and give answers)

The following task is also performed in groups.

There are 4 schemes for the dynamic development of the musical work. You will listen to 4 reversal from violin concerts A.Vivaldi "Seasons of the Year." Your task is to determine which scheme to which of the sounding fragments is suitable. (Students perform tasks and explain their answers)

I think you have already been well sorted out in dynamic shades and now we will practically practice the vocal examples with the dynamics.

On the example of the already studied deployment material and songs, students perform tasks. Sing on forte; on piano; start on Piano and execute the bassdo; Start on Piano and perform Diminuendo. The tasks are performed first to the whole choir, then individually every student. Students, together with the teacher, select the most logical version of phrazing and speakers in the studied song and work out the correct execution.

Outcome:

The teacher sets questions to students what they have learned and learned in the lesson.

Today, we not only received an idea of \u200b\u200bmusical dynamics, how it helps to implement the author's intention in a musical work, but also applied these knowledge in practice, performing vocal exercises and songs. Thank you all for the lesson!

Expressive music

Dynamics

"It is possible to transfer a hundred dynamic gradations that are placed between the limits,
which I call: yet not sound and already Not sound. "
Nigauses

Of course, you heard about explosives called "Dynamite". You know the sports team "Dynamo". Where else can you meet this root? Well, of course, in tape recorder amplifiers - "speakers". In all these examples, we are talking about strength: Δύναμις [speaker] translated from the Greek "force". But the last example is closest to us because it is talking about the strength of sound. We adjust the power of the sound not only with the volume lever. It can be done directly on the piano keys, playing louder or quieter, Forte or Piano. These shades (or, in French, nuances) are called dynamic shades, and the power of musical sound is called dynamics.

Dynamics - the power of the sound, dynamic shades (nuances) - shades of sound.

Music speaker again returns us to the original mosses. After all, loud and quiet sounds, like a variety of shades, exist outside of musical works. Thunderstorm rattles, and the drizzling rain rustles a little bit heard; Grozen the noise of the sea surf, and the splash of the lake gentle and not terrible. There is an echo in different ways, then an ingrown our voice is almost near, then simping in the distance.

And even such purely musical features like Crescendo (Krefesedo) - the gradual increase in the tempering and diminuendo (Diminuendo) - gradual attenuation, are also present in nature.

Listen to how the wind is noise in the crowns of trees, first touching the leaves, then becoming louder, and even stronger, capturing the entire crown of the whole crown, causing it to swing, noise and only then gradually relaxing his head until complete calmness. This nature of the dynamics that could be schematically portrayed with music signs Cresc., Dim. - Universal law of any sound.

Or maybe his manifestation should be searched and in broader borders - not only in music, not only in sounds in general, but in the manifold of all existing things? Isn't it written by F. Tyutchev in his poem "Wave and Duma"?

Duma for the Duma, wave for the wave -
Two manifestations of the elements of one:
In the heart of Lee close, in the boundless whether the sea,
Here - in conclusion, there - on the square, -
The same all eternal surf and hugging,
The same ghost is anxious and empty.

If this "perpetual surf and outstand" is the most universal law of life, then maybe the music is so affecting a person that it brightens his obvious incarnation? Indeed, in any, even the smallest, musical work there is its own rules for the distribution of the dynamics, which give him expressiveness and meaningfulness. Moreover, this meaning is the main difference between the artistic dynamics from the sound dynamics of nature: in music, it never acts as a "ghost anxious and empty", and, on the contrary, forms a deeply natural movement, participating in creating an artistic image along with other means of musical expressiveness .

Remember the entry to the opera M. Mussorgsky "Hovanshchina" - "Dawn on the Moscow River". The music of this unusually expressive fragment conveys a leisurely approach of the Moscow morning. A single-haired soft melody, opening the entry, is similar to the first beam of light, which increasingly comes, grow up, paints the radiance of the rising sun, suddenly flashed and playing in the golden domes of Moscow churches.

Listening to this fragment, once again convinced how great, as truly endlessly the possibilities of music in the transfer of not only any movement, the process, but also the thinnest shades and gradations. Not just the overall line of gradual dynamic increases, but the smallest details, details - all this tells music such accuracy, feeling of authenticity.

This is the most realism in the music that B. Pasternak wrote: "Everywhere, in any art, realism represents, apparently, not a separate direction, but constitutes a special degree of art, the highest degree of author's accuracy." Such accuracy is characteristic of the work of every big musician, equally conscientious and in the construction of a large composition, and in the finishing of each little things. For a rarity expressive scene of summer thunderstorms from the IV part of Symphony No. 6 L. Beethoven! Listen, as along with orchestration and harmonic paints, it manifests itself in this essay of the dynamics.

The thunderstorm begins gradually. The music is extremely clear and clearly depicts her offensive: the sky frowns, the wind (Tremolo Litavr) increases, the first raindrops (pizzicato strings) appear. All this happens along with the amplification of the dynamics, leaving the highest point of the natural elements. Thunderstorm literally collapses: in music, thunder strikes, sparkling lightning, visibly and tangible minor paints are contemplated. The gradual decline of the storm is accompanied by gradual reassurance and in the orchestra; Thunderstorm is removed - and only remote rascats of thunder still hear in music. However, they soon disappear: clouds are scattered (Minor is inferior to the Major), music enlightens.

Dynamics - one of the most vivid expressive means of music. You can even say that this is the most important carrier of musicality in general, what would neither show themselves: in poetry, in prose, in the intonation of human speech. After all, and in any poem there are indicators of the dynamics, allowing us to hear, "quietly" or "loud" it sounds; and when describing human characters, the writer certainly indicates, as he says to one or another hero, what his voice is; Yes, and in our everyday observations, we often guess a person according to the features of the sound of his speech. And often it turns out that they are quiet, but good words convince us much more than noisy verbal.

The musicians have long been investigating the artistic possibilities of loud dynamics. Even in the era of the revival of dynamic means, various effects were created - for example, the effect of echo in the choir O. Lasso "Echo". It was noted that the comparison of loudspeakers in the performance of the same melody sounds like an echo echo, giving music a special spatiality. It is also known that a quiet, measured melody is burning, and the loud and solemn - swinging, so all the lullabies are quietly, and all hiking marches, on the contrary, are very sound.

However, between these extreme manifestations of the speakers is located, according to the exact remark of the city of Negauz, a plurality of intermediate shades. Not only composers, but the performers know well that the reproduction of the copyright is to a great extent depends on the accuracy in compliance with dynamic shades. Nigauses - An outstanding pianist and teacher - repeated his disciples: "You can not confuse Maria Pavlovna (Mr) with Maria Fedorovna (MF), Peto (P) with Peter Petrovich (PR), Fedy (f) with Fedor Fedorovich (FF)" . These words tell us not only the live perception of dynamic shades, but also about the demanding of the wonderful master to observing the smallest nuances of the volume.

Dynamic shades:
pp - pianissimo - extremely quiet performance.
r - piano - quiet.
mP - metzo Piano. - Moderately quiet.
mF - metzo-Forte - moderately loud.
f - forte - loudly.
fF - fortissimo - Maximum loud.

Of course, like any other expressive agent, the dynamics is extremely rarely used in some other sound. In the whole history of music, you will not find the work, which from the beginning to the end it would be equally loud or equally quiet. The movement of speakers affect not only the natural laws of volume distribution, but also many other circumstances.

Try, for example, to escape any melody will certainly be the sound of the same volume - and you immediately make sure of the non-links of your performance. Melody After all, itself is bending and changeable; When she moves up, I want to sing her a little quiet, when it ends - requires a reduction in sound. At the same time, it all can sound the entire one with the limits of any one shade - for example, MF; Thus, more and more subtle gradations of the volume will occur within the boundaries of this designation.

That is why the expressiveness of music is based on dynamic variability. The gradual increase in the climax - a decline, for example, in the fragment considered by us from Symphony No. 6 L. Beethoven - one of the possible options for the dynamics; Contrast comparison of the temptations, as in the choir O. Lasso "Echo", is the other option.

The dynamics has always been an ally of a musical software. After all, turning to a certain program plan, the composer took on a special responsibility: to express in the sounds then the content that hides the name of the work. Therefore, in software music, the artistic role of all its parties is the rhythm, harmony, textures and, of course, the dynamics.

The play "Moonlight" from Bergamas Suite K. Debussy, like most works of this poetic composer, is distinguished by the smallest detail of the music letter. The captivating moonlight, full of magical charm, mysterious and mysterious, is the image of this music, which, as always, is much higher and richer than those words that you can say about it.

The moon was sad. Bow in forgetting
Drove angels. From the ribbed chest
Viol in quiet colors was born crying flammable
That white, like fog, then blue consonance.

These lines from the poem of S. Mallarm "Phenomenon". They can be attributed to the music of K. Debussy - a bright and consistent expressant of the elusive wonders of nature. Paints, sounds, aromas, sounding light - this flicker is transmitted in his music as if on the verge of its conceivable opportunities. Everything that music speaks about themselves, is thinned to the limit, it is detailed - both in the overflows of the harmonic color, and in the openwork detail of the rhythm, and in the finest dynamic nuunting. Listening to the "Moonlight", feel the impression of the complete vision of the lunar radiance, each twig, of each dark bitch on its background, each barely catchy row.

No less expressive examples of sound image of the dynamics.

Have you ever heard how the morning forest wakes up, how is it gradually filled with a variety of sounds, shavors, bird singing? But the singing of birds has long been attracted musicians. For many of them, it became a kind of school of composer skill. Special timbres inherent in each bird, chirp nature, pace, strokes and, finally, the volume that is characteristic of her singing is all taught accuracy, detail, expressiveness of musical characteristics. Orchestral work O. Messiana "Awakening of birds" is one of the results of such a "forest school", where the various sounds of the summer forest filled with the voices of birds is very accurate. In a musical fragment, given below, you can hear the singing of the vertical, the domain owl, the forest lark, swamps, black drosh and other birds, gradually awakening and their singing of the dawn. The music of "Awakening of Birds" opens up new opportunities for sound-proceedings - not only rhythmic and timbre, but also dynamic.

"Dynamics" in translation means "power". This force, implying the volume of the sound, can be understood and wider - as a force affecting a person along with other musical "forces". It concluded a huge world of figurative capabilities: the world of sound manifold, the world of expressive musical movement, the inner life of the musical work, every MiG of which is never emotionally neutral, indifferent. Each moment of music is always unique, and therefore uniqueness and the strength of every musical sound.

Questions and tasks:
1. What dynamic shades would you give different sounds of nature: the noise of rain, the rumble of thunder, the rustling of foliage, the hum of the sea (will continue this series itself)?
2. Is there any way, dynamic shades in non-dlying phenomena or items? What are you connecting them (what qualities, with what shades)?
3. The diary was determined by the "loud" and "quiet" poem.
4. What is the role of nuances in the dynamics of the musical work? Try to associate your answer with the words of Nigause, brought into the epigraph to this section.
5. Among the means of musical expressiveness, name, which can be found not only in music, but also in the world; Which are the belonging of only music.

Presentation

Included:
1. Presentation - 16 slides, PPSX;
2. Music sounds:
Debussy. "Moonlight" from Bergamas Suite, MP3;
Beethoven. Symphony No. 6 Major, Op.68 - IV. Allegro, mp3;
Lasso. "Echo", mp3;
Messian. "Awakening of birds", mp3;
Mussorgsky. "Dawn on the Moscow River" from the Opera "Hovanshchina", MP3;
3. Accompanying article, DOCX.

In this article, you will get acquainted with the basic concepts of speakers, learn the most popular designations and methods of dynamic work, as well as errors and problems that beginner musicians face.

What is the dynamics in general?

If you refer to the etymology of the word speaker, then we will learn that from Greek. Δύναμις - power, power.

What force are we talking about applied to music?

Of course, the strength of sound, one of the 4 parameters of the musical sound as a whole. (All 4 sound parameters are considered)

The sound of sound in turn affects the volume of sound, as the stronger we pull the string, or hit the piano key, the stronger the amplitude of the oscillations of the sounding body and the more volume.

However, not everything is so simple, as it seems at first glance. And the volume of the sound itself is little means for the artist.

It is important to be able to work with the volume and most importantly have a wide palette of dynamic shades that you can play on your instrument.

Under dynamic shades, the musicians most often meant the relative volume system that can be found in the notice designations.

The simplest scheme is as follows.

p (Piano - Piano) - Quiet

f (Forte - Forte) - loud

The remaining designations are derived from them.

pP - Pianissimo - very quiet

mP - Matso Piano - not very quiet

mF Mezzo Fort is not very loud

fF - very loud

As you can see, the scale is relative enough and sometimes it is almost impossible to distinguish the MP from MF.

That is why these designations are called relative volume designations. It is clear that Forte on the guitar and forte on the piano is completely different volume. Comparative volume table in decibels without binding to the tool.

fFF.	Forte-Fortissimo - the most loud	100 background	88 Son.
fF.	Fortissimo - very loud	90 background	38 Son.
f.	Forte - Loud	80 background	17.1 Son.
p.	Piano - quiet	50 background	2.2 Son.
pp.	Pianissimo - very quiet	40 background	0.98 Son.
pPP.	Piano-Pianissimo is the quietest	30 background	0.36 Son.

The first stage of mastering the speakers on your instrument is to learn to play forte and piano, without smooth transitions.

Then you can try to play first PP, then immediately ff. Contact your professional teacher to obtain spectacular dynamic development exercises.

One of the most common mistakes among novice musicians is the lack of work on the dynamics. All that they play sounds not very quiet and not very loud. Such an approach imposes music and its expressiveness and of course should be eradicated at the very first stages of classes.

You need to learn to play in all possible dynamic ranges.

The next important element of speakers in music is graduation, That is, the transition from one level of speakers to another.

In fact, any musical phrase is based on the use of smooth change in the dynamics and very rarely all notes are played on the same volume. Notation is used to indicate explicit speakers

cresc. and dim. or reinforcing and relaxing

Also in notes are used forks, to indicate an increase or decrease in volume:

Sharp volume changes

sf. or sFZ - suddenly loud or sharp accent

The designation is also found fP. (Forte Piano) It means "loud, then immediately quiet";

sFP. (SFORZANDO PIANO) indicates Sforzando followed by Piano.

Also in the notice designations there are accents that are set over a separate note, which indicates their dynamic allocation in comparison with the surrounding sounds. The strength of the accent may vary from hardly a catchy change, to a very acute attack. In the picture, the images of the accent 3 and 4.

In jazz, you can very often meet deactitating or ghost notes. These are notes that are recorded in brackets and practically not played or played on the minimum dynamics.

Such sounds allow you to maintain the ripple and are an important sign of the style.

It is important to note that the dynamics is responsible for the emotionality of music, and also significantly affects the phrase, as the agogic is almost always relied on the proper work with the dynamics.

Watch your speech and speech of other people and try mentally to record their dynamics. You will hear that the speech of any person changes dynamically depending on emotions. Attendant phrases we pronounce MF, when we are excited, we can speak loud, with Kressendo to important words. When the dispute in fullings participants can be on FF, and by the end of the dispute to sink.

Whisper is PP or even PPP, which is very often associated with secrets or secrets that we want to tell other people. All you need to master the speakers is to transfer the dynamics of live speech into your game.

Listen to other musicians paying attention to the dynamics - after all, it is here that most of the secrets of successful execution are hidden.

One of the popular techniques Working with dynamics is the effect of echo, in which the phrase is repeated quieter or vice versa louder. Modern musicians apply this reception to shocks on a small drum or the topics. Such contrast dynamics is also very characteristic of the music of the Barroko era.

In those days, gradient transitions were not as popular as today - therefore, the main work of work on the dynamics consist in comparison of the quiet parts loud and vice versa.

Delighted in the nature of the sound dynamics will return to the beginning of the article.

2 simple sound gradation is Quiet and loud.

But if you take extremes, you can talk about complete silence (pause, too, music) and maximum volume.

This is an area that needs a thorough study on the instrument. Try to find the most quiet sound that can be removed.

When does the transition from silence to sound? Such a process may be similar to meditation.

Or the loudest sound - can you make the most loud forty even loud?

Just as artists distinguish dozens of colors, musicians learn to distinguish the finest shades of the dynamics.

At the beginning of the way you hear only loud and quietly. Then begin to catch the transitions and shades of Forte, Piano, accents, Ghost notes.

Ideally, the sound stream will be perceived by you, like infinite waves of sound dynamics turning from Fort to Piano and vice versa.

As you can see, the dynamics are simple and at the same time more complex to master some of the music. It is easy to understand the types of musical dynamics and its transitions, but it is much more difficult to learn to hear and execute these transitions.

Use ideas outlined in this article, and also carefully read the instructions of the composers, because their task as accurately and unequivocally specifies you to all dynamically changes to be observed to create the most accurate interpretation.

For the musicians of the executing rock, jazz and any other modern music, it is important to hear the dynamics, as it is not discharged in notes, but is invariably present in any composition, since the music is impossible without dynamics!