Pictures with Peter 1. Lifting portraits of Peter I
Valentin Aleksandrovich Serov - a wizard of creating paintings on a historical theme. In his works, he emphasized the greatness of the Russian people and his difficult fate, challenged the great statesmen. Picture "Peter 1" - a bright example.
History of creation
Famous book publisher I.N. Kneubel prepared a series of books on Russian history for release. Being a sign with Serov, he suggested as an artist to write a picture on the historical theme that could illustrate one of the chapters. Serov gladly responded on because the personality admired the artist long ago.
Then followed the series of sketches and sketches. V. Serov sought to convey the greatness of Peter and the city created by him. So in 1907 the picture "Peter 1" was created.
Description of the picture
Far Picture Plan illustrates Panorama of St. Petersburg. The river and built along it buildings and buildings look scenery, against whom the figure of the king is exalted. There are no buildings - only the foundations of buildings can only be seen, there is no embankment - only the land is piled in her place.
In fact, the weekly shown on the canvas will be built a decade after Peter's death. Posing it, sulfur stressed as the Tsar projects even after his care. Also, ships that are visible away, raise sails only in the thoughts of the king. This is only the beginning, the type of admiralty.
The sovereign steps hard and confidently. All his figure is directed forward to the future. The wind blows in the face, but he continues to go. He leads to a group of people regal Peter 1. The painting of Serov emphasizes his greatness in the contrast with the baked figures of oily wine, gobble in warm clothes. They hide face from rain. The features are indistinguishable, they follow the king of the total mass.
Details and symbolism
The artist's work very accurately conveys the atmosphere of reforms and transformations, the scale of which is still impressive. Pattern "Peter 1" is made without the use of bright colors and shades. Thereby emphasizes the harsh reality of those times. Small details are a bit - the main emphasis is made on the main hero. Details of clothing, the decoration of Peter - the Great Reformer. Especially allocated tight pockets. This is a symbol of the public involvement not only to the design of the city, but also to its direct creation.
Interesting from the point of view of the artistic expressiveness of the cow, which dries water from the river. Metaphorically she transfers the household life, which they settled down on people. Guess that the Baltika is very close, you can soak seagulls in the sky. The exit to the sea is the expansion of the commercial space, the prospect of the economic development of the state. All items that pass the picture "Peter 1" testify to the start of a new stage in Russia's development, the irreversibility of change. However, there is no pathos during the image of Peter, there is the power and power of the ruler leading to the future of the whole country.
We looked at the work of Serov "Peter 1". Pictures of artists who worked in the same genre, noticeably flexible on his background. The greatness of the ruler is skillfully passed in the famous masterpiece.
The most expensive trophy of Peter I in the Northern War was, perhaps, half a plan from Marienburg Martha Skavronskaya (called Russian Katerina), which the king first saw in St. Petersburg under construction at the Trinity Island in the chambers of Alexander Menshikov at the end of 1703. Peter noticed the charming and not left to It is indifferent ...
Conclusion at the Preconsession, 1717
Grigory Musiki
See you with Martha Personal life of Peter was out of the hands of Von badly: with his wife, as we know, did not work out, not only that it was old-fashioned, but also stubborn, not able to adversely affect the tastes of the spouse. You can remember about the beginning of their life. Let me remind you that the Tsarina Evdokia was forcibly taken to the Suzdal Pokrovsky Monastery, in July 1699 he was tonsured under the name of Inokini Elena and lived there for a long time rather freely on the money of churchmen, dissatisfied with the government of the sovereign.
A long-term romance of the king and a blonde beauty Anna Mons, whose vanity of whose vanity was unconditionally stolen the courting of the king and luxurious gifts. But she did not love him, but simply afraid, risking, however, make a novel on the side with the Saxon Messenger, for which Peter was put to the lover's lover for home arrest.
Portraits of Peter I.
Unknown artists
For details on the re-sewages of fate Marta Skavron, follow in the days of her reign, they will also dwell on her relationship with the king. So, the king drew attention to a pretty accureance and purely Katerina, Alexander Danilovich, without much resistance, gave it to her Peter I.
Peter I and Catherine
Dementi Schmarinov
Peter I takes Catherine from Menshikov
Unknown artist, from the Assembly of the Egoryev Museum
At first, Katerina was in the state of numerous metrability of the lubricent Russian king, whom he took with him everywhere. But soon with his kindness, softness, disinterested humbleness, she tamed an incredulous king. Quickly made friends with his beloved Detaire Natalia Alekseyevna and entered her circle, liked everyone close Peter.
Portrait of Tsarevna Natalia Alekseevna
Ivan Nikitin
Portrait of Catherine I.
Ivan Nikitin
In 1704, Katerina has already become a civil wife of Peter, the son of Paul gave birth to Son, after a year - Peter. A simple woman felt the mood of the king, passed to his hard character, tolerated his strangeness and whims, guess the desire, was guessfully responded to everything that he occupied, becoming for Peter the closest man. In addition, she was able to create a comfort for the sovereign and the warmth of a homely focus, which he did not have. New family has become a support for the king and a quiet desired pier ...
Peter I and Catherine
Boris Chorikov
Portrait of Peter Great
Adrian Van der Verff
Peter I and Catherine, russing in Shnyava by Neva
Engraving XVIII century HX
Among other things, Catherine possessed iron health; She rushed on horseback, spent the night in the harsh courtyards, at the months, accompanying the king in his travels and pretty calmly transferred hiking adversity and deprivation, very difficult according to our standards. And when it was necessary, she absolutely naturally behaved in a circle of European nobles, turning into the queen ... There was no military view, the shutter of the ship, the ceremony or the holiday, on which she would not be present.
Portrait of Peter I and Catherine I
Unknown artist
Reception at the Countess of Skavron
Dementi Schmarinov
After returning from the pruth campaign, Petr in 1712 played a wedding with Catherine. By that time, they had already two daughters, Anna and Elizabeth, the rest of the children, died, without living and five years old. They were crowned in St. Petersburg, the whole ceremony was arranged not as a traditional marriage celebration of the Russian self-container, but as a modest wedding of Shautbenacht Peter Mikhailov and his combat girlfriend (as opposed to, for example, from the lush wedding of the niece of Peter Anna John and the Duke of Kurlyandsky Friedrich Wilhelm in 1710 )
And Catherine, not educated, who did not have any life experience in the top, really turned out to be the woman without which the king could not do. She knew how to get along with Peter, guess the outbreaks of anger, she could calm him when the king began strong migraines or convulsions. All then fled to the "other heart" Catherine. Peter laid her head on his knees, she silent something quietly (her voice was fascinated by Peter) and the king sat down, then fell asleep and after a few hours he woke up fun, calm and healthy.
Leisure Peter I.
Mikhail Shakov
Peter, of course, loved Ekaterina very much, adored beauties-daughters, Elizabeth and Anna.
Portrait of Tsareven Anna Petrovna and Elizabeth Petrovna
Louis Karavakk
Alexey Petrovich
And what about Tsarevich Alexey, son of Peter from the first marriage? A blow to the unloved wife with a ricochet and a child. He was brief with his mother and was given to the upbringing of the father's father, whom he had rarely saw and was afraid from childhood, feeling unloved. Gradually, around the boy was formed a circle of opponents of Petrovsky transformations, which Aleksey Dorefrem Tastes were vaccinated: the desire for external piety, inaction and pleasures. Tsarevich lived fun in the "his company" under the leadership of Jacob Ignatiev, got used to to fish in Russian, which could not harm his health, not very strong from nature. At first, the certificate of Tsarevich was trained by a person educated and skillful Ritor Nikifor Vyazemsky, and from 1703 the teacher of Alexei became German, the doctor of the right of Heinrich Guesssen, who had an extensive curriculum, designed for two years. According to the plan, in addition to the study of French, geography, cartography, arithmetic, geometry, Tsarevich practiced in fencing, dancing, horse riding.
Johann Paul Lyudden
It should be said that Alexey Tsarevich was not at all that was not a path of poor, punched and cowardly hysteria, which was sometimes portrayed and depicted by a job. He was the son of his father, inherited His will, stubbornness and answered the king of a deaf rejection and resistance that was hiding behind the demonstrative obedience and formal veneration. For the back of Peter, there was a silverly, who did not accept anything that did and for which his father fought ... Attempts to attract it to state affairs were not crowned with special success. Alexey Petrovich was in the army, he participated in the campaigns and battles (in 1704, Tsarevich was in Narva), performed various state orders of the king, but it did it formally and reluctantly. Did the Son, Peter sent 19-year-old Tsarevich abroad, where he has been in someone who studied some years, unlike a sparkling parent, everything else preferring to peace. In 1711, practically against his will married Charlotte Kristina Sophia, Charlotte Kristina Sophia, the presenter of the Austrian Emperor Charles VI, and then returned to Russia.
Charlotte Christina Sofia Braunschweig-Tolfenbuttel
Tsarevich Alexey Petrovich and Charlotte Christina Sofia Braunschweig-Tolfenbuttel
Johann Gotfrid Tannaauer Grigory Molchanov
Alexey Petrovich, imposed on him, did not love him, but sick along the serfs of his teacher Nikifora, Vyazemsky Efrosini and dreamed of marrying her. Charlotte Sofia gave birth to him in 1714. Natalia's daughter, and a year later, a son called in honor of the grandfather Peter. Nevertheless, until 1715, the relations of the father and the Son were more or less demolished. In the same year, with baptism in the Orthodox faith, the Queen was informed by Catherine Alekseevna.
Portrait of Peter I. Family
Peter I, Ekaterina Alekseevna, Senior Son Alexey Petrovich, Daughter of Elizabeth and Anna, Junior Two-year-old son Peter.
Grigory Musician, enamel on a copper plate
Tsarevich believed in his plan, being convinced that he was the only legitimate heir to the throne and, squeezing his teeth, was waiting for his hour.
Tsarevich Alexey Petrovich
V. Gracbach Unknown Artist
But soon after the birth of Charlotte Sofia died, she was buried in the Petropavlovsky Cathedral on October 27, 1915 and on the same day Peter presented a letter to Alexei Petrovich Announcement of my son (written, by the way, on October 11), in which the Tsarevich was blamed, evil and stubborn moral and threatened to deprive him of the throne: lish's inheritance you, compartment as a member of the body, struck by Gangrena, and do not think that one you have a son and what it is for me only for the coolness: I'll fulfill it, for my fatherland and the people of life did not regret it and do not regret it, how Can I do not regret you?
Portrait of Tsarevich Peter Petrovich in the form of a cupid
Louis Karavakk
On October 28, the Tsar was born the long-awaited son Peter Petrovich, "Shishchchka", "Pulling", as his parents later were lovingly called him later. And the claims for the eldest son became more serious, and the accusations are severe. Many historians believe that such changes did not cost without the influence of King Ekaterina and Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, who perfectly understood the wrongness of their fate in the case of joining the kingdom of Alexey Petrovich. After consulting with loved ones, Alexey in his letter ran away from the throne: "And now, thank God, I have a brother, which, God forbid health."
Portrait of Tsarevich Alexey Petrovich
Johann Paul Lyudden
Further more. In January 1716, Peter wrote the second indictment letter "The Last Reminder more", in which he demanded from Tsarevich to the monks: And you do not learn to you, then I am with you, as with a villain, I will do. And this son gave formal consent. But Peter perfectly understood that in the case of his death, the struggle for power would begin, the act of renunciation will become a simple piece of paper, you can leave the monastery, i.e. According to any Alexey will remain dangerous for the children of Peter from Catherine. It was a completely real situation, the king could find a lot of examples from the history of other states.
In September 1716, Alexey received the third letter from the father from Copenhagen with the order immediately appear to him. Here Tsarevich's nerves passed and he decided to escape in despair ... Dr. Danzig, Alexei and Efrosigny disappeared, arriving in Vienna under the name of the Polish Kohanovsky's Shutch. He appealed to his savory, Emperor Austrian asking for patronage: I came here to ask the emperor ... about salvation of my life: I want to destroy me, me and my poor children want to deprive the throne, ... and if the conesser gives me my father, then it doesn't care what I will execute me; Yes, if my father spared me, the stepmother and menshikov do not calm down until they lie to death or not be poisoned. I seem like such statements Tsarevich signed myself a death sentence.
Alexey Petrovich, Tsarevich
Engraving 1718
Austrian relatives from sin hid the unfortunate fugitives in the Tyrolean Castle of Ehrenberg, and in May 1717 transported it and Efrosin, disguised as PJ, in Naples in San Elmo Castle. With great difficulty, alternating a variety of threats, promises and persuasion sent to the search by Captain Rumyantsev and the diplomat Peter Tolstoy, managed to return Tsarevich to his homeland, where in February 1718 he officially in the presence of senators renounced the throne and reconciled with his father. However, soon Peter discovered the investigation for which the notorious secret office was created. As a result of the investigation, several dozen people were captured, subjected to cruel tortures and executed.
Peter I interrogates Tsarevich Alexey Petrovich in Peterhof
Nikolai G.
Peter I and Tsarevich Alexey
Kuznetsovsky porcelain
In June, Tsarevich himself fell into the Petropavlovsk fortress. According to legal norms of that time, Alexey is certainly perceived as a criminal. First, hitting the run, Tsarevich could be accused of state treason. In Russia, at all, no one person had the right to free leaving abroad until 1762, before the appearance of the manifesto on the liberty liberty. Moreover, go to an ingenic sovereign. It was absolutely excluded. Secondly, at that time, the criminal was considered not only the one who committed something criminal, but also one who is criminal intent. That is, they were judged not only for affairs, but also for intentions, and including intentions, even unspoken out loud. It was enough to admit this as a result. And anyone, Tsarevich - not Tsarevich, who obeduating something similar, was subject to the death penalty.
Interrogation Tsarevich Alexey
Book illustration
And Alexey Petrovich admitted to interrogations in the fact that in different years at different times he with different people led all sorts of talks in which one way or another criticized the activities of the Father. There was no obvious intent associated with the state coup in these speeches. It was exactly criticism. With the exception of one point when Tsarevich was asked - that if the Vienna Zagesar went with the troops to Russia or would give him, Alexey, the troops to achieve the throne and overthrow his father, then he would take advantage of this or not? Tsarevich answered positively. Oils were poured into the fire and the wise testimony of the beloved Tsarevich Efrosigni.
Peter I went to court, emphasizing that this is the court fair that this is the court of higher states of the state that solve the state problem. And the king, being a father, is not entitled to make such a decision. He wrote two messages addressed to spiritual hierarchs and secular ranks in which as it would ask the Council: ... I'm afraid God does not sneak, for it is natural that people see less in their affairs than others in them. Torzor and doctors: Although b and everyone is more skillful who was, it will not be born his disease himself to treat, but calls others.
Churchs replied evasively: the king must choose: in the Old Testament, Alexey is worthy of death, according to a new way, for forgiveness, for Christ forgave the launched prodigal son ... Senators voted for the death penalty; A specially educated Supreme Court on June 24, 1718 issued a death sentence. And on June 26, 1718, after the next torture, under obscure circumstances, Tsarevich Alexey was likely killed.
Tsarevich Alexey Petrovich
George Stewart
If someone seemed that I was trying to justify such a wild and cruel attitude of Peter to the eldest son, then it was not. I just want to understand what he was guided, taking into account the laws and the morals of that era, and not their emotions.
When Alexei Petrovich was not in 1718, it seemed that the situation with the throne was permitted very well, Little Tsarevich Peter Petrovich, whom the king very much loved, smasted. But in 1719 the child died. Peter did not have a single direct heir to the male line. And again this question remained open.
Well, the mother of the elder son of Peter Tsaritsa nun Evdokia Lopukhin, meanwhile, still stayed in the Pokrovsky monastery, where she managed to create a real microworld of the Moscow queen of the late XVII century, with the organized supply of products, things, the preservation of the court rituals of the Moscow State Downturn and solemn departures on pilgrimage.
And everything would be nothing, could have continued so long, Peter for the great battles and the accomplishments before it did not have anything, but in 1710 he was treated for our queen to fall in love. Yes, not just so, but seems to be truly. In Major Stepan Bogdanova Glebova. She achieved a meeting with Glebov, a novel, it was very superficial, for Major understood that the novel with the queen, albeit former, may have consequences ... He gave Evdokia Sobly, Lots, decoration, and she wrote letters full of passion : I forgot me so soon. Little, it can be seen, your face, and your hands, and all your members, and the joints of your hands and your feet are polished by my tears ... Oh, my light, how can I live in the world without you? Glebov was scared with such a waterfall of feelings and soon began to skip the dating, and then he left Suzdal at all. And the Dunny continued to write sad and ardent letters, not afraid of any caress ...
Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina, the first wife of Peter I
Unknown artist
All these passions opened from the so-called Kikinsky search in the case of Tsarevich Alexei. In sympathy to Evdokia Fedorovna, monks and nuns of the Suzdal Monasteries, Kratitsky Metropolitan of Ignatius and many others were standned. Among the arrested purely, Stepan Glebov, who found the Queen's love letters found. Funny Peter gave an order to investigators close to Inokine Elena. Glebov very quickly admitted that lived blunder With the former sovereign, but denied participation in a conspiracy against the king, although he was tortured, as they did not even torture anyone at that brutal time: they were dragged on the poth, burned fire, then locked in a tiny chamber, the floor of which was the pricked nails.
In a letter to Peter Evdokia Fedorovna, he obedoun in everything and asked for forgiveness: Falling to your feet, I ask the mercy, that my crime about forgiveness, so that it is not to die to die. And I promise to still be inhibited and stay in the night to death, and I will pray for you for you, the sovereign.
Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina (Inokin Elena)
Unknown artist
Peter Lyutu executed everyone, mixed in the case. On March 15, 1718, on the Red Square, barely live Glebova asked on the wrong and left to die. And so that he does not leave ahead of time in the cold, he is "carefully" pounced on the shoulders of a fur coat. Next, in anticipation of recognition, a priest was on duty, but Glebov did not say anything. And another barcode to the portrait of Peter. He dismissed the unfortunate lover of the ex-wife more and ordered to include the name of Stepan Glebova to the list of AnaFem as lover Tsaritsa. In this list, Glebov was in the company with the most terrible criminals of Russia: Grishkoy Ruffle, Wallout, Vanka Mazepoy ..., Later there was a lot of Tolstoy ...
Evdokia Peter translated in the same year to another, Ladoga Assumption Monastery, where she spent 7 years before his death. There she was kept on bread and water in a cold chamber without windows. All the servants were removed, and only the faithful carlinic Agafya remained with it. The Uznage was so humble that the jailers also treated her with sympathy. In 1725, after Peter I, the Queen was translated into Schlisselburg, where under Catherine I was kept in strict secret conclusion. Again there were scant food and a close camera, however, with a window. But in spite of everything, Edokia Lopukhin survived his venge spouse, and his second wife Catherine, so we will meet with her ...
No less dramatic was the story with Maria Hamilton, originating from the ancient Scottish clan and held in the state of Catherine Alekseevna as Freilina. Maria, distinguished by excellent beauty, quickly fell in the field of view of the monarch recognized in it giving up to which it was impossible not to dispose of lust And for a while I became his mistress. He possessed an adventurous character and an indomitable desire for luxury, the young Scotland has already mentally liked the royal crown, in the hope of changing the aging Catherine, but Peter quickly cooled to the girl's beauty, since there was no one better for him in the world ...
Ekaterina First
Maria did not miss him for a long time and soon found consolation in the arms of the royal twist of Ivan Orlov - a young and beautiful guy. They both played with the fire, because to sleep with the mistress of the king, albeit the former, it was necessary to really be an eagle! According to the ridiculous accident during the search in the case of Tsarevich Alexey, the suspicion of the donomos, written by Orlov himself, fell on him. Without sobering, he was accused of being accused of, Bunner fell, and confessed to the king in his cohabitation with Maria Hamonova (as they were called in Russian), telling that she had two children who were born dead from him. During the interrogation, under the whip, Maria confessed that two conceived children she caught some kind of drug, and the latter, who appeared to the world, immediately drowned in a night ship, and the caller ordered the maid to throw away.
Peter I.
Gregory Musician Karel de Moore
I must say that to Peter I, the attitude in Russia to bastards and their mothers were monstrous. Therefore, so as not to climb anger and trouble, the mother ruthlessly straightened the fruits of sinful love, and in the case of their birth, they severly killed in different ways. Peter, first of all, rade for state interests (a great deal ... a small soldier with time will be), in the decree of 1715 years about hospitals, commanded, so that hospitals were established in the state for maintenance zhelestny babies, whom wives and girls give birth to beless and shame for the sake of ignite in different places, for someone's babies freely remember... and then Grozny decided: And if such illegally boring boring people are in the smallest of those babies, and these evils themselves are executed themselves. In all provinces and cities were ordered in hospitals and about churches to open houses for receiving illegitimate children, which at any day could be put in the window, always open for this purpose.
Mary was sentenced - the death penalty through the clipping of the head. Actually, on the deposits of 1649, the detecting is alive bury in the ground on tits, with hands together and kick legs. It happened that the criminal in such a position lived for a whole month, unless, of course, the relatives did not interfere with the fodder of the unfortunate and did not give to street dogs to bite. But Hamilton was waiting for another death. After making sentence, many people close to Peter tried to die to die, resting that the girl came unconsciously, with fright, she was just ashamed. For Mary Hamilton, both queens - Ekaterina Alekseevna and the widowing Queen Praskovia Fedorovna. But Peter was adamant: the law should be executed, and he cannot cancel it. Without a doubt, the fact that babies killed Hamilton could be children of Peter himself, and it was precisely this, as a betrayal, the king could not forgive his former favorite.
Maria Hamilton before execution
Pavel Svytic.
March 14, 1719 in St. Petersburg, during the crossing of the people, the Russian lady Hamilton rushed to the scaffold, where the fell was already standing, and waited for the executioner. Before the last Maria hoped to mercy, jammed into a white dress and, when Peter appeared, stood on his knees. The sovereign promised that the Hand of the executioner would not touch her: it is known that during the execution of the executioner rudely enough executed, I backed him out and threw it on the fell ...
Execution in the presence of Peter the first
All frozen waiting for the final decision of Peter. He whispered something in the ear of the executioner, and he suddenly waved his widespread sword and in the blink of an eye of a woman standing on his knees. So Peter, without violating this Mary promise, at the same time tried the executioner brought from the west, the executioner's sword - a new execution to Russia, first used instead of a coarse ax. According to the memories of contemporaries, after execution, the sovereign raised Mary's head for her luxurious hair and kissed not yet cooled lips, and then read all the gathered, measured from horror, an intelligent lecture on anatomy (about the features of blood vessels that feed the human brain) in which he was big lover and connoisseur ...
After the exponential lesson, the anatomy's head of Mary was ordered to set in Kunstkamera, where she in the bank, along with other monsters, the collection of the first Russian museum was lariped almost half a century. Everyone has long forgotten what it is for the head, and visitors who trades their ears, listened to the bastards that the sovereign Peter the Great ordered to cut off the head of the most beautiful of his court letters and to go off her so that the descendants knew what beautiful women were in Those times. Conducting a revision in Petrovskaya Kunstkamera, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova discovered next to the ultrasters in two banks hung heads. One of them belonged to Willimon Mons (the next one of our hero), the other Love of Peter, Camera Freillin Hamilton. The sovereign ordered them to bury them with the world.
Portrait of Peter I, 1717
Ivan Nikitin
Maria Kantemir, the daughter of the Lord of Moldova, Dmitry Kanthemir and Cassandra Sherbanovna Kantakuzen, the daughter of the Valash, Gantakuzen, became the last strong love of Tsar Peter. Peter knew her yet by the girl, but she quickly turned out of a little well in one of the most beautiful ladies of the royal yard. Maria was very smart, knew several languages, was fond of antique and Western European literature and history, drawing, music, studied the basics of mathematics, astronomy, rhetoric, philosophy, so no wonder that the girl could easily join and subsertain any conversation.
Maria Kantemir
Ivan Nikitin
Father did not obstruct, but, on the contrary, with the support of Peter Tolstoy, contributed to the approach of his daughter with the king. Catherine, at first, watching her husband's fingers at first, was alerted, learning about Mary's pregnancy. Surrounded by the king seriously, it was rumored that if she gives birth to a son, then Catherine can repeat the fate of Evdokia Lopukhina ... The Queen has made every effort to ensure that the child is not born (his home doctor of the Greek Palikula, Hell Mary, who prepared the drug, Peter Andreevich Tolstoy Promised by the county title).
Portrait of a Count Peter Andreevich Tolstoy
Georg Gzell Johan Gonfried Tannaauer
During the Prut campaign of 1722, in which the entire courtyard, Catherine and the Kantemirov family went, Maria lost the child. The king visited the blasphemy from grief and suffering a woman, said a few good words in consolation and was such ...
Maria Kantemir
The last years of life were difficult for Peter I in personal attitude, youth passed, overwhelmed diseases, he entered into that age when a person needs loved people who understood him. Having become the emperor, Peter I decided, apparently, leave the throne to his wife. And that is why in the spring of 1724 he solemnly walked Catherine. For the first time in Russian history, a wedding of the statemanship of the Imperial Crown was happening. And it is known that Petr personally laid during the ceremony the imperial crown on his head of his wife.
The proclamation of Catherine I Empress of All-Russian
Boris Chorikov
Peter I crowns Catherine
NX, from the meeting of the Egoryev Museum
It would seem all right. An, no. In the autumn of 1724, this idyll was destroyed by the news that the Empress is incorrect to her husband. She had a novel with a chamber of Willim Mons. And again, the grimace of history: this is the native brother of the very Anna Mons, in which Peter himself was in love with his youth. Forgetting about caution and completely yielded to feelings, Catherine brought the favorite as close as possible to himself, he accompanied her all trips, stayed for a long time in the shakers of Catherine.
King Peter I Alekseevich Great and Ekaterina Alekseevna
Having learned about the infidelity of Catherine, Peter was hung. For him, the betrayal of his beloved wife became a serious blow. He destroyed the reference signed in her name, became gloomy and merciless, practically stopped communicating with Catherine, and since then, access to it has become forbidden for it. Mons was arrested, devoted to the court "for the rods and illegal deeds" and was interrogated personally by Peter I. Five days after his arrest, he was made a death sentence on charges of bribery. William Mons was executed by the cut off of the head on November 16 in St. Petersburg. The body of the Camerager was lying on the scaffold for several days, and his head was hurt and was kept in Kunstkamera for a long time.
Portraits of Peter the first
Trellis. Silk, wool, metal thread, canvas, weaving.
Petersburg Handle Manufactory
The author of the picturesque original zhm. Foam
And Peter began to visit Maria Chanatere again. But the time went away ... Maria judging by everything I loved Peter in my childhood and this passion became the fatal and only one, she took Peter as he was, but they were a little bit in time, the life of the emperor was nearing the sunset. She did not forgive the ridiculous hell and Count Peter Tolstoy, guilty of the death of her son. The remainder of the life of Maria Kantemir dedicated to the brothers, participated in the political life of the courtyard and secular intrigues, was engaged in charity and until the end of the life kept the loyalty to his first and only love - Peter first. At the outcome of the life of the princess in the presence of a memoirist Jacob von Schlyanin burned everything that tied it with Peter I: his letters, paper, two portraits framed by gems (Peter in Lats and their own) ...
Maria Kantemir
Book illustration
The consolation of Emperor Peter remained the Tsarevna, Daughters-Beauty Anna, Elizabeth and Natalia. In November 1924, the Emperor agreed to marry Anna with Karl Friedrich Schleswig-Golstein-Gottorpsky, who signed a contract for the marital with Anna Petrovna. Natalia's daughter lived longer than others who died in the childhood of Peter's children and only these three girls were alive in the proclamation of the Russian Empire in 1721 and, accordingly, received Titsareev's title. Natalia Petrovna died in St Petersburg from Corey in a month C small after the death of Father 4 (15) of March 1725.
Portraits of Tsareven Anna Petrovna and Elizabeth Petrovna
Ivan Nikitin
Cesarer Natalia Petrovna
Louis Karavakk
Portrait of Peter Great
Sergey Kirillov Unknown artist
Petr I did not forgive Ekaterina: after the execution of the Mons, he only once, at the request of the daughter of Elizabeth, agreed to dine with her. He reconciled spouses only the death of the emperor in January 1725.
Let us ask me: what kind of tribe were the first All-Russian autocrats: Tatars, Mongols, Germans, Slavs, Jews, Weps, Merry, Khazara ...? What was the genetic affiliation of the Moscow kings?
Press in the lifetime portraits of Petra I and his spouse Catherine I.
The option of the same portrait received by Hermitage in 1880 from the Great Recament Monastery in Croatia, created, probably an unknown German artist. The face of the king is very similar to the written Karavakk, however, the costume and pose are different. The origin of this portrait is unknown.
Ekaterina I (Martha Samilovna Skavron (Cruz) - Russian Empress since 1721 as a spouse of the reigning emperor, from 1725 as the ruling sovereign, the second wife of Peter I Great, the mother of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. In her honor, Peter I was established by the Order of St. Catherine (in 1713 ) And called the city of Yekaterinburg in the Urals (in 1723).
Portraits of Peter I.
Peter I Great (1672-1725), the founder of the Russian Empire, occupies a unique place in the history of the country. Acts of his and great, and terrible well known and listed them there is no point. I wanted to write about the lifetime images of the first emperor, and about which of them can be considered reliable.
The first of the famous portraits of Peter I is placed in the so-called. "Tsarist Titular" or the "root of Russian sovereigns", a richly illustrated manuscript created by the Embassy Order, as a reference book on history, diplomacy and heraldry and containing many watercolor portraits. Peter is depicted by a child, even before joining the throne, apparently in con. 1670s - Nach. 1680s. The story of the creation of this portrait and its accuracy is unknown.
Portraits of Peter I work of Western European masters:
1685 - engraving from an unknown original; Created in Paris Larmensen and depicts the kings of Ivan and Peter Alekseevich. The original is brought from Moscow ambassador - KN. Ya.F. Dolgoruky and KN. Myshetsky. The only famous reliable image of Peter I to the coup 1689
1697 - Straot of work sir Godfri Neller (1648-1723), the court painter of the English king, undoubtedly written from nature. The portrait is located in the English royal collection of paintings, in the Geppton Court Palace. The catalog made an attack that the picture of the picture is written by Wilhelm van de Velda, a marine painter. According to the reviews of contemporaries, the portrait was thinned by great similarity, several copies were removed from it; The most famous, work A. Belly is in the Hermitage. This portrait served as the basis for creating a huge number of various images of the king (sometimes weakly similar to the original).
oK. 1697 - Straot of work Peter Van der Vefa (1665-1718)The story of his writing is unknown, but most likely it happened during the first stay of Peter in Holland. Bored by Baron Budberg in Berlin, and brought to the gift of Emperor Alexander II. It was located in the Tsarsko Selo Palace, now in the State Hermitage.
oK. 1700-1704g.adriana Schonebek engraving with a portrait of an unknown artist. Original is unknown.
1711 - Portrait of the work of Johanna Kuletsky (1667-1740), written from nature in Karlsbad. According to D. Rovinsky, the original was located in the Braunschweig Museum. Vasilchikov writes that the location of the original is unknown. Reproduce the famous engravings from this portrait - the work of Bernard Fugel 1737
The converted version of the portrait of this type has portrayed the king in full growth and was in the hall of the General Assembly of the Governing Senate. Now is located in the Mikhailovsky Castle in St. Petersburg.
1716 - Straot of work Benedict Cofra, court painter of the Danish king. It is most likely written in summer or in the fall of 1716, when the king was with a long visit in Copenhagen. Peter is depicted in Andreevsu Ribe and the Danish Elephant Order on the neck. Until 1917 was in the Palace of Peter in the summer garden, now in the Peterhof Palace.
1717 - Straot of work Charles MooraWho wrote the king during his stay in the Hague, where he arrived for treatment. From the correspondence of Peter and his wife Catherine, it is known that the portrait of Moore really liked the king, the KN was bought. B. Kurakin and sent from France to Petersburg. We reproduce the most famous engraving - the works of Jacob Hubaken. According to some information, the original Moore is now in a private assembly in France.
1717 - Straot of work Arnold de Gelder (1685-1727), Dutch artist, Rembrant's student. Written during the stay of Peter in Holland, but there is no information that he is written from nature. The original is located in the Amsterdam Museum.
1717 - Work portrait Jean Brand Nattier (1686-1766), the famous French artist, was written during the visit of Peter to Paris, undoubtedly from nature. It was bought and sent to Petersburg, later hung in the Tsarskoye palace. Now is in the Hermitage, however, there is no complete confidence that this is an original picture, and not a copy.
Then (in 1717 in Paris) Peter wrote the famous portrait of Hyacinth Rigo, but this portrait disappeared without a trace.
Portraits of Peter written by His court artists:
Johann Gottfried Tannaauer (1680-ok1737), Saxon, studied painting in Venice, a court artist since 1711. According to the entries in "Yurnala" it is known that Peter posed him in 1714 and 1722.
1714 (?) - The original is not preserved, there is only an engraving made by CorTman.
A very similar portrait was relatively recently discovered in the German city of Bad Permont.
L. Markina writes: "The author of these lines introduced the image of Peter from the palace assembly to Bad Permont (Germany), which reminds of visiting this resort town of the Russian emperor. The parade portrait that carried the features of the inventory image, was considered the work of an unknown artist The XVIII century. At the same time expression of the image, the interpretation of parts, the baroque pathos was given a hand of a skillful wizard.
Peter I spent June 1716 on hydrotherapy in Bad Pyrmont, which has a beneficial effect on his health. As a sign of appreciation, the Russian king presented the prince Anton Ulrich Waldek-Pyrmont his portrait, who was in private owned for a long time. Therefore, the work was not known to Russian specialists. Documentary evidence, detailed all important meetings during the treatment of Peter I in Bad Permont, did not mention the fact of his posing for any local or visiting painter. The retinue of the Russian king was 23 people and was quite representative. However, in the list of those accompanying Peter's people, where the confessor and the kitchenetuster were indicated, the hood was not meant. It is logical to assume that Peter brought with him the finished image that he liked and reflected his idea about the ideal of the monarch. Comparison of Engraving H.A. VORTman, which was based on the original brush I.G. Tannauer 1714 years old allowed us to attribute a portrait of a portrait of Pyrmont to this German artist. Our attribution was adopted by German colleagues, and the portrait of Peter the Great as the work of I. G. Tannaauer entered the catalog of the exhibition. "
1716- The history of creating unknown. According to the command of Nikolai I, sent from St. Petersburg to Moscow in 1835, was kept for a long time in a folded form. The tannauer signature fragment is preserved. Located at the Moscow Kremlin Museum.
1710th. Profile portrait, earlier mistakenly considered the work of the kidding. Portrait is painted an unsuccessful attempt to replacing the eyes. Located in the State Hermitage.
1724(?), Equestrian portrait, called "Peter I in a Poltava battle", bought in the 1860s. A.B. Lobanov-Rostovsky at the family of deceased Camera Furiera in the launched form. After cleaning, Tannauer's signature was discovered. Now is located in the State Russian Museum.
Louis Karavakk (1684-1754)The Frenchman, studied painting in Marseille, became a court painter since 1716 according to the reviews of contemporaries, his portraits were distinguished by great similarity. According to the records in "Jurny", Peter wrote from nature in 1716 and in 1723. Unfortunately, the undisputed original portraits of Peter, written by Karavakkom, did not survive, only copies and engravings from his work reached us.
1716 - According to some information, written during the stay of Peter in Prussia. The original was not preserved, there is an Afanasyev engraving, from F. Kinel's drawing.
Not very successful (complemented by the ships of the Allied Fleet) Copy from this port is created by unless. The artist is now in the meeting of the Central Naval Museum of St. Petersburg. (D. Rovinsky considered this picture original).
1723 - The original is not preserved, there is only a subeer engraving. According to JURNAL, written during the stay of Peter I in Astrakhan. The last lifetime portrait of the king.
This portrait of Caravacca served as the basis for the picture of Jacopo Amikoni (1675-1758) written by OK.1733 for the KN. Antioch Kantemir, which is located in the Petrovsk Throne Hall of the Winter Palace.
Ivan Nikitich Nikitin (1680-1742)The first Russian portraitist, studied in Florence, became a court artist of the king approximately from 1715. Until now, there is still no complete confidence that Nikitin's portraits are written. From YURNAL, it is known that the king posed Nikitin at least twice - in 1715 and 1721.
S. Moiseeva writes: "There was a special order of Peter, who prescribed to those from the royal environment to have his portrait of the work of Ivan Nikitin in the house, and to take the artist to take a portrait of a hundred rubles. Nevertheless, royal portraits that could be compared with creative handwriting I. Nikitina, almost no preserved. On April 30, 1715, the following was recorded in YURNAL Petra: "His Majesty was a half person wrote Ivan Nikitin." Based on this, art historians were looking for a belt portrait of Peter I. In the end, it was suggested that The portrait should be considered "Portrait of Peter Against the Background of the Sea Battle" (Museum-Reserve "Tsarskoe Village"). For a long time, this work was attributed to either a punishment, or Tannaueru. In the study of Portrait A. M. Kuchumov, it turned out that the canvas had three later bids - Two top and one below, thanks to which the portrait and became generated. A. M. Kuchumov brought the preserved score of the painter I. Ya. Vishnyakova about the train to the portrait His imperial majesty "against the portrait of the Emperorsky Majesty". Apparently, in the middle of the XVIII century, there was a need to translate portraits, and I.Ya. Vishnyakov was given a task to increase the size of the portrait of Peter I in accordance with the sizes of the portrait of Catherine. "Portrait of Peter I on the background of the sea battle" is stylistically very close - here you can already talk about the iconographic type I. N. Nikitin - a relatively recent portrait of Peter from the Florentine private assembly, written in 1717. Peter is depicted in the same posture, attention is drawn to the similarity of writing folds and landscape background. ".
Unfortunately, I could not find a good reproduction of "Peter on the background of the sea battle" from the royal village (until 1917 in the Romanov Gallery of the Winter Palace). Reproduce what managed to get. Vasilchikov considered this portrait of Tannauer's work.
1717 - Portrait attributed to I. Nikitin and in the meeting of the Financial Department of Florence, Italy.
Portrait, presented to the emperor Nicholas I c. S.S. Uvarov, to whom he got from testing -GR. A.K. Razumovsky. Vasilchikov writes: "The legend of the Roma family said that Peter during his stay in Paris went to the workshop of Rigo, who wrote a portrait from him, did not find him at home, saw his short-hearted portrait, cut his head with a knife from a large cloth and took her knife. Carved portrait he Gave the daughter - Elizabet Petrovna, and she, in turn, complained his gr. Alexey Grigorievich Razumovsky. " Some researchers this portrait is considered the work of I. Nikitin. Until 1917 was kept in the Romanov Gallery of the Winter Palace; Now in the Russian Museum.
Received from the assembly of Strogonov. In the Hermitage catalogs, compiled in the mid-19th century, the authorship of this portrait attributed to A.M. Matseva (1701-1739), however, he returned to Russia only in 1727 and, he could not write Peter from nature and most likely, only Made a copy from the original Moore for the bar.s.g. Stroganova. Vasilchikov considered this portrait of the original Moore. This is contrary to the fact that in all of the preserved engravings from Moore, Peter is depicted in armor. Rovinsky considered this portrait of the missing work of Rigo.
Used literature: V.Stasov "Gallery of Peter the Great" St. Petersburg 1903
Alekseevich Romanov (1672-1725) is the largest figure of domestic and world history.
The time of his reign (1682-1725) was the time of steep turn to the fate of the Fatherland. Like any large-scale Petr I person was full of contradictions that had a great influence on the nature of his reform, lifestyle, relations with people.
Inquisitive, inquisitive, young Peter did not receive systematic education. Sincerity and hard work combined in it with cruelty and intolerance.
The path to one-chief of Peter was a min. At four years he lost his father, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Six years on the throne was his consolidated brother - Fyodor Alekseevich.
From the age of the last year, he became a co-gerger of Ivan's brother, with the regent of sister sisters. Over the years, the future of the emperor, and German Sloboda, and German Sloboda, and Sophia, began to disturb the activity of the young king and Sophia Alekseevna.
Organized printed in 1689, the Streetsky uprising failed, Sophia was concluded in the monastery, and Ivan's consolidated brother actually refused to rule (died in 1696).
The main directions of Peter I
Domestic policy:
- centralization of power;
- Decree on the union of alliance (1714);
- Tabel about ranks (1722);
- creation of the metallurgical industry;
- Protection policy;
- Military reform, the creation of regular troops;
- population census;
- creating a senate and colleges;
- administrative reform, the creation of the provinces;
- Cancellation of the patriarchate, creating a synod;
- Construction of cities, new capital - St. Petersburg;
- decree on the Preconsession (1722);
- formation of vocational education;
- reforms in the field of culture.
Foreign policy:
- taking Azov;
- "Great Embassy" (1697-1698);
- Russian-Turkish war (1710-1713);
- Northern War (1700-1721);
- russian-Persian War (1722-1723).
In 1721, Peter I proclaimed himself by the Emperor All-Russian, thus stating the power of the Russian state, its meaningful international situation. The Great Reformer died in January 1725, did not have time to call the name of his successor.
Results of the Board of Peter I
- modernization and Europeanization of Russia;
- development of industry and trade;
- strengthening the army and fleet;
- the growth of the bureaucratic apparatus;
- access to the Baltic Sea;
- strengthening the international authority of Russia;
- worsening the position of the peasantry;
- culture development;
- Russia has become an empire.
Lifting portraits of Peter IPeter I.
Peter I Great (1672-1725), the founder of the Russian Empire, occupies a unique place in the history of the country. Acts of his and great, and terrible well known and listed them there is no point. I wanted to write about the lifetime images of the first emperor, and about which of them can be considered reliable.
The first of the famous portraits of Peter I is placed in the so-called. "Tsarist Titular" or the "root of Russian sovereigns", a richly illustrated manuscript created by the Embassy Order, as a reference book on history, diplomacy and heraldry and containing many watercolor portraits. Peter is depicted by a child, even before joining the throne, apparently in con. 1670s - Nach. 1680s. The story of the creation of this portrait and its accuracy is unknown.
✂…">
Portraits of Peter I work of Western European masters:1685 - engraving from an unknown original; Created in Paris Larmensen and depicts the kings of Ivan and Peter Alekseevich. The original is brought from Moscow ambassador - KN. Ya.F. Dolgoruky and KN. Myshetsky. The only famous reliable image of Peter I to the coup 1689
1697 - Straot of work sir Godfri Neller (1648-1723), the court painter of the English king, undoubtedly written from nature. The portrait is located in the English royal collection of paintings, in the Geppton Court Palace. The catalog made an attack that the picture of the picture is written by Wilhelm van de Velda, a marine painter. According to the reviews of contemporaries, the portrait was thinned by great similarity, several copies were removed from it; The most famous, work A. Belly is in the Hermitage. This portrait served as the basis for creating a huge number of various images of the king (sometimes weakly similar to the original).
oK. 1697 - Straot of work Peter Van der Vefa (1665-1718)The story of his writing is unknown, but most likely it happened during the first stay of Peter in Holland. Bored by Baron Budberg in Berlin, and brought to the gift of Emperor Alexander II. It was located in the Tsarsko Selo Palace, now in the State Hermitage.
oK. 1700-1704g.adriana Schonebek engraving with a portrait of an unknown artist. Original is unknown.
1711 - Portrait of the work of Johanna Kuletsky (1667-1740), written from nature in Karlsbad. According to D. Rovinsky, the original was located in the Braunschweig Museum. Vasilchikov writes that the location of the original is unknown. Reproduce the famous engravings from this portrait - the work of Bernard Fugel 1737
The converted version of the portrait of this type has portrayed the king in full growth and was in the hall of the General Assembly of the Governing Senate. Now is located in the Mikhailovsky Castle in St. Petersburg.
1716 - Straot of work Benedict Cofra, court painter of the Danish king. It is most likely written in summer or in the fall of 1716, when the king was with a long visit in Copenhagen. Peter is depicted in Andreevsu Ribe and the Danish Elephant Order on the neck. Until 1917 was in the Palace of Peter in the summer garden, now in the Peterhof Palace.
1717 - Straot of work Charles MooraWho wrote the king during his stay in the Hague, where he arrived for treatment. From the correspondence of Peter and his wife Catherine, it is known that the portrait of Moore really liked the king, the KN was bought. B. Kurakin and sent from France to Petersburg. We reproduce the most famous engraving - the works of Jacob Hubaken. According to some information, the original Moore is now in a private assembly in France.
1717 - Straot of work Arnold de Gelder (1685-1727), Dutch artist, Rembrant's student. Written during the stay of Peter in Holland, but there is no information that he is written from nature. The original is located in the Amsterdam Museum.
1717 - Work portrait Jean Brand Nattier (1686-1766), the famous French artist, was written during the visit of Peter to Paris, undoubtedly from nature. It was bought and sent to Petersburg, later hung in the Tsarskoye palace. Now is in the Hermitage, however, there is no complete confidence that this is an original picture, and not a copy.
Then (in 1717 in Paris) Peter wrote the famous portrait of Hyacinth Rigo, but this portrait disappeared without a trace.
Portraits of Peter written by His court artists:
Johann Gottfried Tannaauer (1680-ok1737), Saxon, studied painting in Venice, a court artist since 1711. According to the entries in "Yurnala" it is known that Peter posed him in 1714 and 1722.
1714 (?) - The original is not preserved, there is only an engraving made by CorTman.
A very similar portrait was relatively recently discovered in the German city of Bad Permont.
L. Markina writes: "The author of these lines introduced the image of Peter from the palace assembly to Bad Permont (Germany), which reminds of visiting this resort town of the Russian emperor. The parade portrait that carried the features of the inventory image, was considered the work of an unknown artist The XVIII century. At the same time expression of the image, the interpretation of parts, the baroque pathos was given a hand of a skillful wizard.
Peter I spent June 1716 on hydrotherapy in Bad Pyrmont, which has a beneficial effect on his health. As a sign of appreciation, the Russian king presented the prince Anton Ulrich Waldek-Pyrmont his portrait, who was in private owned for a long time. Therefore, the work was not known to Russian specialists. Documentary evidence, detailed all important meetings during the treatment of Peter I in Bad Permont, did not mention the fact of his posing for any local or visiting painter. The retinue of the Russian king was 23 people and was quite representative. However, in the list of those accompanying Peter's people, where the confessor and the kitchenetuster were indicated, the hood was not meant. It is logical to assume that Peter brought with him the finished image that he liked and reflected his idea about the ideal of the monarch. Comparison of Engraving H.A. VORTman, which was based on the original brush I.G. Tannauer 1714 years old allowed us to attribute a portrait of a portrait of Pyrmont to this German artist. Our attribution was adopted by German colleagues, and the portrait of Peter the Great as the work of I. G. Tannaauer entered the catalog of the exhibition. "
1716- The history of creating unknown. According to the command of Nikolai I, sent from St. Petersburg to Moscow in 1835, was kept for a long time in a folded form. The tannauer signature fragment is preserved. Located at the Moscow Kremlin Museum.
1710th. Profile portrait, earlier mistakenly considered the work of the kidding. Portrait is painted an unsuccessful attempt to replacing the eyes. Located in the State Hermitage.
1724(?), Equestrian portrait, called "Peter I in a Poltava battle", bought in the 1860s. A.B. Lobanov-Rostovsky at the family of deceased Camera Furiera in the launched form. After cleaning, Tannauer's signature was discovered. Now is located in the State Russian Museum.
Louis Karavakk (1684-1754)The Frenchman, studied painting in Marseille, became a court painter since 1716 according to the reviews of contemporaries, his portraits were distinguished by great similarity. According to the records in "Jurny", Peter wrote from nature in 1716 and in 1723. Unfortunately, the undisputed original portraits of Peter, written by Karavakkom, did not survive, only copies and engravings from his work reached us.
1716 - According to some information, written during the stay of Peter in Prussia. The original was not preserved, there is an Afanasyev engraving, from F. Kinel's drawing.
Not very successful (complemented by the ships of the Allied Fleet) Copy from this port is created by unless. The artist is now in the meeting of the Central Naval Museum of St. Petersburg. (D. Rovinsky considered this picture original).
The option of the same portrait received by Hermitage in 1880 from the Great Recament Monastery in Croatia, created, probably an unknown German artist. The face of the king is very similar to the written Karavakk, however, the costume and pose are different. The origin of this portrait is unknown.
1723 - The original is not preserved, there is only a subeer engraving. According to JURNAL, written during the stay of Peter I in Astrakhan. The last lifetime portrait of the king.
This portrait of Caravacca served as the basis for the picture of Jacopo Amikoni (1675-1758) written by OK.1733 for the KN. Antioch Kantemir, which is located in the Petrovsk Throne Hall of the Winter Palace.
* * *
Ivan Nikitich Nikitin (1680-1742)The first Russian portraitist, studied in Florence, became a court artist of the king approximately from 1715. Until now, there is still no complete confidence that Nikitin's portraits are written. From YURNAL, it is known that the king posed Nikitin at least twice - in 1715 and 1721.
S. Moiseeva writes: "There was a special order of Peter, who prescribed to those from the royal environment to have his portrait of the work of Ivan Nikitin in the house, and to take the artist to take a portrait of a hundred rubles. Nevertheless, royal portraits that could be compared with creative handwriting I. Nikitina, almost no preserved. On April 30, 1715, the following was recorded in YURNAL Petra: "His Majesty was a half person wrote Ivan Nikitin." Based on this, art historians were looking for a belt portrait of Peter I. In the end, it was suggested that The portrait should be considered "Portrait of Peter Against the Background of the Sea Battle" (Museum-Reserve "Tsarskoe Village"). For a long time, this work was attributed to either a punishment, or Tannaueru. In the study of Portrait A. M. Kuchumov, it turned out that the canvas had three later bids - Two top and one below, thanks to which the portrait and became generated. A. M. Kuchumov brought the preserved score of the painter I. Ya. Vishnyakova about the train to the portrait His imperial majesty "against the portrait of the Emperorsky Majesty". Apparently, in the middle of the XVIII century, there was a need to translate portraits, and I.Ya. Vishnyakov was given a task to increase the size of the portrait of Peter I in accordance with the sizes of the portrait of Catherine. "Portrait of Peter I on the background of the sea battle" is stylistically very close - here you can already talk about the iconographic type I. N. Nikitin - a relatively recent portrait of Peter from the Florentine private assembly, written in 1717. Peter is depicted in the same posture, attention is drawn to the similarity of writing folds and landscape background. ".
Unfortunately, I could not find a good reproduction of "Peter on the background of the sea battle" from the royal village (until 1917 in the Romanov Gallery of the Winter Palace). Reproduce what managed to get. Vasilchikov considered this portrait of Tannauer's work.
1717 - Portrait attributed to I. Nikitin and in the meeting of the Financial Department of Florence, Italy.
Portrait, presented to the emperor Nicholas I c. S.S. Uvarov, to whom he got from testing -GR. A.K. Razumovsky. Vasilchikov writes: "The legend of the Roma family said that Peter during his stay in Paris went to the workshop of Rigo, who wrote a portrait from him, did not find him at home, saw his short-hearted portrait, cut his head with a knife from a large cloth and took her knife. Carved portrait he Gave the daughter - Elizabet Petrovna, and she, in turn, complained his gr. Alexey Grigorievich Razumovsky. " Some researchers this portrait is considered the work of I. Nikitin. Until 1917 was kept in the Romanov Gallery of the Winter Palace; Now in the Russian Museum.
Received from the assembly of Strogonov. In the Hermitage catalogs, compiled in the mid-19th century, the authorship of this portrait attributed to A.M. Matseva (1701-1739), however, he returned to Russia only in 1727 and, he could not write Peter from nature and most likely, only Made a copy from the original Moore for the bar.s.g. Stroganova. Vasilchikov considered this portrait of the original Moore. This is contrary to the fact that in all of the preserved engravings from Moore, Peter is depicted in armor. Rovinsky considered this portrait of the missing work of Rigo.
References:
V.Sasov "Gallery of Peter the Great" St. Petersburg 1903
D. Rovinsky "Detailed Dictionary of Russian Engraved Portraits" T.3 St. Petersburg 1888
D. Rovinsky "Materials for Russian iconography" T.1.
A.Vasilchikov "On the portraits of Peter the Great" M 1872
S.Miseyeva "To the history of the iconography of Peter I" (article).
L.Markina "Rossika Petrovsky Time" (article)