How to draw volumetric figures and bodies with a pencil. Drawing volumetric figrite drawing geometric shapes with a pencil

Merry and colorful tasks for children "Drawings from geometric shapes" are a very convenient training material for children of preschool and younger school age on studying and memorizing the main geometric forms: a triangle, a circle, oval, square, rectangle and trapezium. All tasks are designed for independent work of the child under the supervision of adults. Parent or teacher must correctly explain to the child that he should do in each task.

1. Drawings made of geometric figures - Conditions for tasks:

To start performing tasks, download in the attachments of the form in which you will find 2 types of tasks: drawings from geometric shapes for coloring and task for drawing figures using logical and figurative thinking. Print the downloaded page on the color printer and give a child along with colored pencils or markers.

• In the first task, the baby needs to mentally connect every two parts of the figures represented into one and draw the resulting geometric shape in the corresponding cell. Explain to the child that the details can be turned in the mind in different directions until it receives the desired combination for the formation of the figure. For example, two triangles can be rotated so that the square is the square. After that, the square must be drawn in the cage next to the triangle. By the same principle, the rest of the drawings must be made.
• In the second task, children must correctly name the figures of which consist of drawn pictures. Then these pictures need to paint, using colors next to geometric shapes. Each figure should be painted only in the specified color.

To give a lesson more energy and enthusiasm - you can combine several children in the group and provide them with tasks for a while. That child who first will fulfill all the tasks without errors, is recognized as the winner. As a prize, you can hang his work on the wall of achievements (such a wall must be present at home and in kindergarten).

Download the task "Drawings from geometric shapes" you can in the attachments at the bottom of the page.

2. Geometric shapes in drawings - 3 coloring tasks:

The next lesson also hides the main geometric shapes in the drawings. The child needs to find these figures, call them, and then paint it in such a way that each figure corresponds to a certain color (guided by the instructions on the form with the task).

In the second task, any geometric shapes should be drawn on all floors, but it is necessary to comply with the condition: on each floor the figures should be in a different order. Subsequently, this task can be modified. To do this, it is enough to draw on paper exactly such a house and ask the child to fill it with the figures so that in each entrance you have not met the same figures (the entrance is a vertical row of squares).

In the third task you need, guided by the arrows, draw exactly the same geometric shapes inside or outside the data of the figures.

Do not rush the child and do not suggest him while he himself will not ask you about it. If the baby has something wrong - you can always print another instance of the educational form with the task.

You can download the "Geometric Figures in Figures" task in attachments at the bottom of the page.

In this lesson, children again will have to find geometric shapes among the drawings. After previous classes, they will be easier to navigate in familiar forms, so, I think both tasks will not cause them difficulties.

The second task also allows the baby to repeat the mathematical signs and assimilate the score up to ten, as he needs to calculate the number of figures and put the signs "more" "less" between the pictures.

Download Coloring "Funny drawings from figures" you can in the attachments at the bottom of the page.

Other materials on the study of geometric shapes will also be useful for you:

Here you can with the child can explore the geometric shapes and their names with the help of merry tasks in pictures.

The tasks will be introduced to the child with the main figures of geometry - circle, oval, square, rectangle and triangle. Only here is not a bore jar of names of figures, but a kind of coloring game.

As a rule, geometry begins to study, drawing flat geometric shapes. The perception of the correct geometric shape is impossible without removing it with your own hands on a sheet of paper.

This occupation is pretty for the young mathematicians. After all, now they will have to find familiar forms of geometric figures among many pictures.

Outping figures on each other is a geometry exercise for preschoolers and younger students. The meaning of the exercise is to solve examples. Only these are unusual examples. Instead of numbers, geometric shapes need to be added here.

This task is made in the form of a game in which the child will have to change the properties of geometric shapes: shape, color or size.

Here you can download tasks in pictures, in which the score of the geometric shapes for classes in mathematics is presented.

In this task, the child will get acquainted with such a concept as drawings of geometric bodies. In essence, this occupation is a mini-lesson on descriptive geometry

Here we have prepared for you volumetric geometric shapes from paper that you need to cut and glue. Cube, pyramids, rhombus, cone, cylinder, hexagon, print them on cardboard (or colored paper, and then stick to cardboard), and then give a child to memorize.

Children love to paint and circle, so these tasks will make your account training as efficient as possible.

And you can also play mathematical games online from Bibushi Lisenka:

In this developing online game, the child has to determine what is excess among 4 pictures. At the same time, it is necessary to be guided by signs of geometric forms.

When you need: to identify the types of personalities: Head, performer, scientist, inventor, etc.

TEST
"Constructive drawing of a person from geometric shapes"

Instruction

Please draw a person figure made up of 10 elements, among which can be triangles, circles, squares. You can increase or decrease these elements (geometric shapes) in size, apply to each other as needed.

It is important that all these three elements in the person's image are present, and the total number of the figures used was equal to 10. If you used a larger number of figures during drawing, then you need to smoke extra, if you are used smaller than 10 figures, you must define the missing.

The key to the test "Constructive drawing of a person from geometric shapes"

Description

The test "The structural drawing of a person from geometric figures is designed to identify individual-typological differences.

The employee is offered three sheets of paper with a size of 10 × 10 cm. Each sheet is numbered and subscribed. On the first sheet, the first trial figure is performed, then, respectively, on the second sheet - the second, on the third sheet - the third.

An employee is necessary on each sheet to draw a figure of a person composed of 10 elements, among which there may be triangles, circles, squares. An employee can increase or decrease these elements (geometric shapes) in size, apply to each other as needed. It is important that all these three elements in the person in the image are present, and the sum of the total number of the figures used was equal to 10.

If, when drawing, the employee used more figures, then he needs to strike extra, if it used the figures less than 10, it needs to be drawn to the missing.

If the instructions are violated, the data is not processed.

Example of drawings made by three estimated

Processing results

Calculate the number of triangles, circles and squares spent in the image (for each picture separately). Write down the result in the form of three digits, where:

• hundreds indicate the number of triangles;
• tens - number of circles;
• units - the number of squares.

These three-digit figures constitute the so-called figure formula, according to which drawing drawing to the appropriate types and subtypes.

Interpretation of the result

Own empirical studies in which more than 2000 drawings were obtained and analyzed, showed that the ratio of various elements in constructive drawings is not accidental. The analysis allows you to allocate eight basic types that match certain typological characteristics.

The interpretation of the test is based on the fact that the geometric shapes used in the drawings differ in semantics:

• the triangle is usually referred to as an acute, offensive figure associated with male beginnings;
• circle - Figure Stipped, more consonant with sympathy, softness, roundness, femininity;
• square, rectangle are interpreted as a specific technical structural figure, technical module.

Typology based on the preferences of geometric shapes allows you to form a kind of system of individual-typological differences.

Types

I Type - Head

Formulas for drawings: 901, 910, 802, 811, 820, 703, 712, 721, 730, 604, 613, 622, 631, 640. The most rigid domination over others is expressed at subtypes 901, 910, 802, 811, 820; situationally - in 703, 712, 721, 730; When exposed to speech on people - verbal leader or teaching subtype - 604, 613, 622, 631, 640.

These are usually people who have a tendency to guideline and organizational activities, oriented on socially significant behaviors, may have a gift of good narratives based on a high level of speech development. Have a good adaptation in the social sphere, dominance over the others hold in certain boundaries.

It must be remembered that the manifestation of these qualities depends on the level of mental development. With a high level of development, individual development features are implemented quite well.

At a low level, they may not be detected in professional activities, but attend situationally, worse, if inadequately situations. This applies to all characteristics.

II type - responsible performer

Formulas for drawings: 505, 514, 523, 532, 541, 550.

This type of people has many features of the type "Manager", being located to it, but fluctuations are often present in making responsible solutions. Such a person is focused on the ability to do business, high professionalism, has a high sense of responsibility and demanding to itself and other, highly appreciates the rightness, that is, characterized by increased sensitivity to truthfulness. Often it suffers from somatic diseases of nervous origin due to overvoltage.

III Type - alarming

Formulas for drawings: 406, 415, 424, 433, 442, 451, 460.

This type of people is characterized by a variety of abilities and gifts - from thin hand skills to literary rigging. Usually these people are closely as part of one profession, they can change it to a completely opposite and unexpected, have a hobby, which is essentially the second profession. Physically not tolerated mess and dirt. Usually conflict because of this with other people. Different with increased vulnerability and often doubt. We need encading.

In addition, 415 - "poetic subtype" - usually persons having such a formula of the drawing possess poetic gifting; 424 - Subtype of people recognizable by phrase "How can I work badly? I can't imagine how it can work badly. " People of this type are characterized by special care in the work.

IV Type - Scientist

Formulas for drawings: 307, 316, 325, 334, 343, 352, 361, 370.

These people are easily abstract from reality, have a conceptual mind, differ in the ability to develop all their theories. Usually possess mental equilibrium and rationally think over their behavior.

The subtype 316 is characterized by the ability to create theories, the benefits of global, or exercise greater and complex coordination.

325 - Subtype characterized by a great passion for the knowledge of life, health, biological disciplines, medicine. Representatives of this type are often found among persons engaged in synthetic arts: cinema, circus, theatrical-spectacular director, animation, etc.

V type - intuitive

Formulas for drawings: 208, 217, 226, 235, 244, 253, 262, 271, 280.

People of this type have a strong sensitivity of the nervous system, its high depletion. It is easier to switch on the switchability from one activity to another, usually advocate minority lawyers. Have increased sensitivity to novelty. Altruistic, often take care of others, possess good hand skills and figurative imagination, which gives them the opportunity to do technical species of creativity. Usually produce their moral norms, possess an internal self-control, that is, they prefer self-control, reacting negatively to encroachments relating to their freedom.

235 - often meets among professional psychologists or persons with increased interest in psychology;

244 - has the ability to literary creativity;

217 - has the ability to inventive activities;

226 - has a greater need for novelty, usually puts very high criteria for achievements for themselves.

VI type - inventor, designer, artist

Formulas for drawings: 109, 118, 127, 136, 145, 019, 028, 037, 046.

It is often found among those with a technical vendor. These are people who have a rich imagination, spatial vision, often engage in various types of technical, artistic and intellectual creativity. It is more often introverted, as well as an intuitive type, live by their own moral norms, do not accept any impacts from the side, except self-control. Emotional, obsessed with their own original ideas.

Also allocate features of the following subtypes:

019 - meets among people who own the audience;

118 - type with the most significant constructive capabilities and ability to inventions.

VII type - emotional

Formulas Pictures: 550, 451, 460, 352, 361, 370, 253, 262, 271, 280, 154, 163, 172, 181, 190, 055, 064, 073, 082, 091.

They have increased empathy towards others, it is hard to experience the cruel frames of the film, can be for a long time to be punched from the rut and be shocked from the brutal events. The pains and care of other people find participation in them, empathy and sympathy for which they spend a lot of their own energy, as a result, it becomes difficult to implement their own abilities.

VIII type - the opposite of emotive

Formulas for drawings: 901, 802, 703, 604, 505, 406, 307, 208, 109.

This type of people has an opposite tendency to emotive type. Usually do not feel the experiences of other people, or belongs to them with the inattention, or even strengthens the pressure on people. If this is a good specialist, then he can make others do what he considers it necessary. Sometimes it is characterized by the worn, which arises is situationally, when, due to any causes, a person closes in the circle of his own problems.

/ Still Life

1 Fig.We plan the horizon - the line of the table. Complete still life, through direct lines. It turns out a form of a house, with a slight inclination in the left side. We find the center and spend the vertical axis, and then horizontal. Excellent we concomply the composition of still life.

2 Fig.Next, we must compound the items themselves in the composition. We will use the circle and oval form in the layout. Please note how the forms are located between the lines where they go beyond the lines.

3 Fig.Here our task is to build 3 volumetric geometric shapes (cube, ball and cylinder). The ball is to find the center and spend two axes, measure the center of equal side and make a symmetrical form.

Cube - Find Points of Facial Square, make sure that the lines are parallel, then from the points "A", "B" and "C" to spend parallel to each other diagonal, find them points using the line to measure the same length. Connect points. Cylinder - Swipe the center axis in the direction of length (with a slope), and find points for cross-axes of the cylinder. Measure equal distances from the center of the axes using the line (as the ball did).

4 Fig.Now we need to show the objects of the shadow, the light and the falling shadow from the items. In the direction of the beams of light, it is seen where there will be a shadow and light on the subjects. Outing the barcode in shape we show the main gradations. Look carefully on the drawing.

5 Fig. Excellent! Now it is important for you to know what a reflex is. Reflex is a reflection of light. As a rule, it is depicted on the shadow side (see .Ris.). And there are such concepts like a half-day and half a bed - this is a smooth transition from the shade to the light. Here we have to show the density of the stroke. It is necessary to deepen the shadow, semolot, semi-light, reflex and falling shadow from items.

Study and drawing geometric tel The educational academic figure is the basis for mastering the principles and methods of the image of more complex forms.

Education to the visual arts requires strict compliance with the complication sequence of educational tasks and multiple repetitions for mastering techniques. The most appropriate form for the assimilation of the design principles are geometric bodiesHashing clear structural buildings. On ordinary geometric bodies It is easiest to understand and assimilate the bases of the volume and spatial design, the transmission of forms in a promising reduction, patterns of light and proportional ratios.

Exercises for drawing simple geometric tel They do not allow not to be distracted by the parts available in more complex forms, such as architectural objects and human body, and fully focused on the main - visual lead.

Properly understood and learned patterns in the image of simple forms should contribute to a more conscious approach to drawing complex forms in the subsequent.

In order to learn how to competently and correctly depict the form of the object, it is necessary to realize the internal structure of the subject hidden from the eyes - the design. Under the word "design" means "structure", "structure", "plan", that is, the mutual location of the parts of the subject and their ratio. It is important to know and understand when depicting any forms. The harder the form, the more and more serious will have to study the internal structure of the internal model. For example, when drawing a live nature - the heads or figures of a person, in addition to the knowledge of constructive features, they should certainly be known and plastic anatomy. Therefore, without a clear understanding of the structure of the form and the nature of the subject, it is impossible to correctly master the drawing.

As a picture of the spatial forms, in addition to knowledge of the patterns of the structure of the structure, knowledge of the laws of perspective, proportions, lighting are needed. For the correct image of the field model, it is necessary to teach yourself to always analyze nature, it is clear to represent its external and internal structure. It is consciously suitable from a scientific point of view. Only such drawing will contribute to the successful performance of work on the image of both simple and complex forms.

Drawing geometric forms of inexperienced drawers seems to be quite easy at first glance. But this is far from that. For confident mastery, the drawing is primarily necessary to master the methods for analyzing the forms and the principles of building simple bodies. Any form consists of flat figures: rectangles, triangles, rhombuses, trapezoids and other polygons, which accumulate it from the surrounding space. The task is to correctly understand how these surfaces are combined with each other, forming a form. For its correct image, it is necessary to learn how to draw such figures in the future in order to easily allocate bulk bodies on the plane, limited by these flat figures. Flat geometric shapes serve as the basis for understanding the constructive construction of bulk bodies. For example, a square gives an idea of \u200b\u200bbuilding a cube, a rectangle - about building a prism of a parallelepiped, a triangle - pyramids, a trapezoid - a truncated cone, the circle is a ball, a cylinder and a cone, and the ellipse shaped shapes are shag-like (ovoid) forms.

All items have surround-spatial characteristics: height, length and width. To determine and the images of them on the plane use dots and lines. The points are determined by the characteristic components of the objects of the objects, they establishes the mutual spatial location of the nodes, which characterizes the design of the form as a whole.

The line is one of the main visual means. Lines indicate the contour of the items forming them. They designate height, length, width, structural axes, auxiliary, defining the space line, line construction and much more.

For a thorough study, geometric shapes are best considered in the form of transparent framework models. This allows you to better trace, understand and assimilate the basics of spatial construction of structures and promising reduction of the forms of geometric bodies: cube, pyramids, cylinders, ball, cone and prism. At the same time, such a reception largely facilitates the construction of a pattern, in which all spatial angles, ribs, the edge of the body are clearly traced, regardless of their turns in space and in promising reduction. The framework models make it possible to develop volume-spatial thinking from a novice artist, thereby contributing to the correct image of the geometric shape on the paper plane.

For a thorough consolidation in the mind of a novice artist, the volume and spatial representation of the structure of these forms would be the most effective to fulfill them with their own hands. Models can be made without much difficulty from girlfriend: ordinary flexible aluminum, copper or any other wire, wooden or plastic rails. Subsequently, in order to assimilate the patterns of lighting, it will be possible to make models from paper or fine cardboard. To do this, you need to make blanks - the corresponding sweeps or separately cut planes for gluing. The modeling process itself is equally important, which will be more beneficial for the awareness of the learning entities of the structure of a form or another, than using the ready-made model. For the manufacture of frame and paper models, a lot of time will be needed, so in order to save it, you should not make a large model - enough if their dimensions are not exceeded three or five centimeters.

Turning the manufactured paper model at different angles to the light source, you can trace the laws of light and shadow. At the same time, attention should be paid to the change in the proportional relationship of parts of the subject, as well as for a promising reduction in forms. Climbing and moving the model from the light source, you can see how the contrast of lighting is changed on the subject. For example, the Light and Shadow approach to the light source also acquire the greatest contrast, and as it removes it becomes less contrasting. Moreover, nearby angles and edges will be the most contrasting, and the angles and faces that are in spatial depths are less contrasting. But the most important thing at the initial stage of drawing is the ability to correctly display the volume-spatial design of the forms using points and lines on the plane. This is a fundamental principle in mastering the pattern of simple geometric forms, as well as upon subsequent study of more complex forms and conscious images.

Detection of individual-typological differences.

Instructions for test

"You need to draw a figure of a person composed of 10 elements, among which can be triangles, circles, squares. You can increase or decrease these elements (geometric shapes) in size, apply to each other as needed. It is important that all these three elements in the image of the person are present, and the total number of the figures used was equal to ten. If during drawing you used more figures, then you need to smoke unnecessary, if you are used by the figures less than ten, it is necessary to draw the missing. Follow the picture according to this instruction. "

Material: The subject is offered three sheets of paper with a size of 10 × 10 cm, each sheet is numbered and signed. On Sheet number 1, the first trial figure is performed; Further, respectively, on Sheet No. 2 - the second, on Sheet No. 3 - the third. After performing three drawings, the data is processed. If the instructions are violated, the material is not processed.

Processing test results

Data processing is performed as follows: The number of triangles speared in the image of triangles, circles and squares (for each figure separately) is calculated, and the result is written in the form of three-digit numbers, where

• hundreds denote number triangles,
• dozens - quantity circles,
• units -quantity squares.

These three-digit figures constitute the so-called "Formula of the Picture", which takes place drawing to the corresponding types and subtyps, which are presented in the table.

Interpretation of test results

The interpretation of the test is based on the fact that the geometric shapes used in the drawings differ in semantics. Triangle Usually refer to the "acute", "offensive" figure associated with the male beginnings. A circle - Figure streamlined, more consonant with sympathy, softness, roundness, femininity. From the elements of the square form to build something easier than others, so squareThe rectangle is interpreted as a specific technical structural figure, "technical module".

Types of personality

I type - " head" These are usually people who have a tendency to senior and organizational activities. Oriented to socially significant norms of behavior, may have a gift of good narrator based on a high level of speech development. Have a good adaptation in the social sphere, dominance over the others hold in certain boundaries.

Formulas drawings: 901, 910, 802, 811, 820, 703, 712, 721, 730, 604, 613, 622, 631, 640.

• Most rigid dominance over others expressed at the subtypes 901, 910, 802, 811, 820;
• sitaitly -U 703, 712, 721, 730;
• when exposed to speech on people - verbal leader or "Teaching Subtype" - 604, 613, 622, 631, 640.

It must be remembered that the manifestation of these qualities depends on the level of mental development. With a high level of development, individual features are developed, implemented, quite well realized. With a low level of development, may not be detected in professional activities, but attend situationally, worse, if inadequately situations. This applies to all characteristics.

II type - " responsible performer"It has many features of the type" manager ", but there are often fluctuations in making responsible solutions.

This type of people is more focused on the "ability to do business", high professionalism, has a high sense of responsibility and demanding to themselves and others, highly appreciates the right point, i.e. Characterized by increased sensitivity to truthfulness. Often they suffer from somatic diseases of nervous origin as a result of overvoltage.

Formulas drawings: 505, 514, 523, 532, 541, 550.

III type - " alarming"The characterizes the variety of abilities and gifts - from thin hand skills to literary rigging. Typically, people of this type are closely as part of one profession, they can change it to a completely opposite and unexpected, have a hobby, which is essentially the second profession. Physically do not tolerate mess and dirt. Usually conflict because of this with other people. Different with increased vulnerability and often doubt. We need soft prubing.

Formulas drawings: 406, 415, 424, 433, 442, 451, 460.

• 415 - "poetic subtype" - usually persons with such a formula of the picture possess poetic rigging;
• 424 - Subtype of people recognizable by phrase: "How can this be bad work? I can't imagine how it can work badly. " People of this type are characterized by special care in the work.

IV Type - " scientist" These people are easily abstract from reality, possess a "conceptual mind", differ in the ability to develop "on all" their theories. Usually possess mental equilibrium and rationally think over their behavior.

Formulas drawings: 307, 316, 325, 334, 343, 352, 361, 370.

• 316 is characterized by the abilities to create theories, the benefit of global, or exercise greater and complex coordination work;
• 325 - Subtype characterized by a great passion for the knowledge of life, health, biological disciplines, medicine.

Representatives of this type are often found among persons engaged in synthetic arts: cinema, circus, theatrical-spectacular director, animation, etc.

V Type - " intuitive" People of this type have a strong sensitivity of the nervous system, its high depletion.

It is easier to switch on switchability from one activity to another, usually perform "minority lawyers", followed by new opportunities. Have increased sensitivity to novelty. Altruistic, often take care of others, possess good hand skills and figurative imagination, which makes it possible to engage in technical species of creativity.

Usually produce their moral norms, possess an internal self-control, i.e. Prefer self-control, reacting negatively to encroachments relating to their freedom.

Formulas drawings: 208, 217, 226, 235, 244, 253, 262, 271, 280.

• 235 - often meets among professional psychologists or persons with increased interest in people's psychology;
• 244 - has the ability of literary creativity,
• 217 - has the ability to inventive activities;
• 226 - A great need for novelty, usually puts very high criteria for achievements for yourself.

VI type - " inventor, designer, artist" It is often found among those with a "technical vest". These are people who have a rich imagination, spatial vision, often engage in various types of technical, artistic and intellectual creativity. It is more often introverted, just as an intuitive type, live by their own moral norms, do not accept any impacts from the side, except for the control itself.

Emotional, obsessed with their own original ideas.

Formulas drawings: 109, 118, 127, 136, 145, 019, 028, 037, 046.

• 019 - meets among people who own the audience;
• 118 - type with the most significant constructive capabilities and ability to inventions.

VII type - " emotive" They have increased empathy towards other people, they are seriously experiencing the cruel frames of the film, can be a long time to be broken out of the rut and be shocked from cruel events. Pain and concerns of other people find their participation, empathy and sympathy for which they spend a lot of their own energy, as a result it becomes difficult to implement their own abilities.

Formulas drawings: 550, 451, 460, 352, 361, 370, 253, 262, 271, 280, 154, 163, 172, 181, 190, 055, 064, 073, 082, 091.

VIII type - " insensitive to the experiences of others" It has the opposite tendency to emotive type. It usually does not feel the experiences of other people or belongs to them with the inattention and even strengthens the pressure on people.

If this is a good specialist, then he can make others do what he considers it necessary. Sometimes it is characterized by "worn", which occurs is situationally, when, due to any causes, a person closes in a circle of his own problems.

Formulas drawings: 901, 802, 703, 604, 505, 406, 307, 208, 109.