Surely, looking at how the conductor wave a wand in front of an entire orchestra, there were thoughts, why he needed there, because the orchestra himself plays perfectly, spying in the notes. And the conductor, despite the fact that he catifically waves his hands, no longer deals with anything. What is his job?

It turns out that the role of the conductor in the orchestra is far from the last, but even one can say, the main one. After all, as a rule, the orchestra consists of several dozen musicians, each of them plays their batch on a specific tool. And yes, the musicians look in the notes. But! If there is no man who leads their game, the musicians will quickly betray with the tact or rhythm, the concert will be spoiled.

What makes the conductor? In fact, the work of the conductor is to lead the orchestra. He shows the movements and sticks, he shows how to play the orchestra: quietly, loud, quickly or slowly, smoothly or detribably, and maybe they need to stop. The conductor feels the music with all the body and soul, knows how each musician plays, and how the music should sound in general. It lines the homicles of the orchestra.

At the orchestra rehearsals, all his actions the conductor prompts loudly with words, without forgetting to perform the corresponding gestures. So the musicians remember, get used to and fulfill that party that the leader requires. At the concert, the main "weapon" of the conductor become the movements of sticks, hands, fingers, rocking on the parties, minor body slopes, a variety of heads, facial expressions and eyes - all this helps to lead the orchestra. The work of the conductor is very complex and responsible, because he is responsible and in front of the composer, whose work performed, and in front of the orchestra, which he endlessly trusts, and in front of the listeners, that they can love music due to his good work or to remain indifferent to it otherwise.

22.08.2017 10:15 1515

When you see the speech of the classical music orchestra, we notice among the musicians of a man standing back to the audience. He looks in the direction of the orchestra and periodically waving his hands. In one hand he has a wand, which he points out to musicians.

This person is called a conductor.

Why do I need a conductor? You ask. He does not play a musical instrument. And how can the orchestra do not cope without it?

The word conductor has a French origin. It means lead, manage. And the conductor really controls the orchestra, being his key figure in the orchestra.

This profession has existed for a long time.

Egyptian and Assyrian bas-reliefs, preserved to this day, depict a man with a wand in their hands. He leads the musicians and indicates something. In ancient Greece, there were also people who led the choir.

With her own hands and conductor, he indicates who from the musicians it is necessary to play quickly, and to whom slowly, where the music should sound quieter and where louder. The conductor inspires the orchestra with its energy. The quality of the sound of music and games of the entire orchestra depends on his skill.

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Valery Gergiev. Photo: Michal Dolezal / Tass

T OP-5 Russian conductors.

Valery Gergiev

Employees of one reputable magazine about classical music once set out to find out when Maestro is asleep. Scheduled graphics, rehearsals, flights, press conferences and solemn receptions. And it turned out: never. It turns out that he also does not eat, does not drink, does not see the family and, of course, does not rest. Well, in performance - the key to success. This can only be one of the most popular and most popular conductors of the world - such as Valery Gergiev.

At 7 years old Valera Parents led to a music school. The boy looked very concerned and looked around the window all the time. Still, he was distracted from football, and there our plays! After listening to the teacher turned to his mother: "It seems to me that he has no hearing. Maybe it will become a pele ... "But the maternal heart will not deceive. She always knew that her Valera was a genius, and achieved him to be taken to music school. After a month, the teacher took his words back. The triumph of a young musician, who left Vladikava to Leningrad, to a conservatory, became a victory at the Herbert Covenant's competition, the most prestigious of all. Since then, Hergiev knows the price of victories - and, as can, the young and talented musicians, who come nearby.

At 35 years old - he is Khukruk Mariinsky Theater! It is unthinkable: a huge Mahina with two troupes - the opera and ballet - and an excellent symphony orchestra that was inherited from Yuri Temirkanova is at your disposal. And you can play any music what you want. Even Wagner, so hotly beloved Gergiev. Valery Abisalovich will put in his theater "Ring of Nibelung" - all four operas going four in a row. Today, this is only the Mariinsky Theater.

But the unklassing competition with Moscow is still coming. Big built a new scene, closed on the reconstruction - and the Gergiev is building a new concert hall in St. Petersburg, without a single state penny (Mariineka-3), then a luxurious new scene of Mariinsky-2.

Moscow of Gergiev conquered seriously and for a long time at the beginning of the two thousandths, when the Easter Festival founded here and, of course, headed him. What happened in the capital in Easter Sunday! Large Nikitskaya was blocked with the police, on the approach to the Great Hall of the Conservatory were solid media faces, an extra ticket was not just asked - they pulled out of their hands for any money. Muscovites were so frightened on good orchestras that they were ready to pray for Gergheyev, who with their orchestra provided them not just quality - sometimes revelations happened. And so, in general, it still continues. Only now it is no longer a few concerts, as in 2001, and 150 - throughout Russia and even beyond. Large scope man!

Vladimir Spivakov. Photo: Sergey Fadichev / Tass

Vladimir Spivakov

Professor Yankelievich presented a talented student of Central Music School by Volodya Spivakov, the most violin, with which he will make his musical career. Tool of the Venetian Master Gobetti. She had a "heart attack" - wooden patches on the chest, and the violin masters believed that, in fact, she should not sound. But not at Spivakov. "Little Johnny, with you good to sell violins: any pan is beginning to sound in three minutes," the old violin master said once. Already much later, the efforts of Sati's wife, Vladimir Theodorovich will have a cherished Stradivari. The world of Scripped Vladimir Spivakov won with Gobetti: I won several prestigious contests and traveled with touring all the best scenes of the planet, not Brozdy, however, and the head was also waiting for the public there.

Brilliant violinist conquered the whole world. But in the mid-70s, in the midst of a career, he begins to learn the profession of the conductor. The elder of the Conductor School Lorin Maazel asked if he was crazy. Why does he need it if he plays so divinely. But the spirits were adamant. His great teacher Leonard Bernstein was so conquered by perseverance and the talent of the student, which gave him his conductor wand. But one thing is to learn to conduct, the other is to find a team for this. Spivakov did not look for, he created him: in the spring of 1979, a chamber orchestra "Virtuosos of Moscow" appeared. The orchestra quickly became famous, but before official recognition, the musicians had to rehearse at night - in Kochegok, Zheki, at the FRUNZI Military Academy Club. According to Spivakov himself, once in Tomsk, the orchestra gave three concerts in one day: five, seven and nine hours. And the listeners carried musicians food - potatoes, pies, dumplings.

The path to the large hall of the Conservatory for "Virtuosos of Moscow" was short-lived: to say that the orchestra was popular - it was not enough, only an excellent degree is suitable here. In the example of his festival in French Colmar, he organized a festival and in Moscow, which invites world stars. Next to the creative forces, another line appeared - a charity, in the Spivakov Foundation knows how to find and maintain talent, and the scholars compete only with themselves (one of the first was Yevgeny Kisin).

In 2000, Vladimir TEODOROVICH created another team - the National Philharmonic Orchestra of Russia. It is based in the Moscow International House of Music, whose President - Vladimir Spivakov.

Yuri Bashmet. Photo: Valentin Baranovsky / Tass

Yuri Bashmet

Here is a man with a happy fate. He, like Yuri Gagarin, is the first. Of course, it does not carry it on a limousine with an open ride through the streets of our capital and all other capitals of the world, do not call it the name of the streets and square. However ... his name is called musical schools, and enthusiastic fans all over the world put to his legs, probably, a million scarlet roses - and even more.

Did he know when in the Lviv central music school was translated from violin to Alt, what will glorify this so far that has considered an impaired tool? And to blame for all Beatles. We can say, they gave the world and Alt, and the Basht. Like any teenager, he was carried away - yes so much that he made his own group and secretly from his parents performed on the holidays. And then did not know how to admit that he had a pack of bills of major dignity, while Mom spent one for a month.

After the Lviv TsMSh, he entered the Moscow Conservatory, went to the first foreign competition - swallowed immediately to the prestigious Ard in Munich (and there was no other alto) and won! Think, here began his career? Only not in the homeland. In the big hall of the conservatory, he played solo when his alto sounded already in New York, Tokyo and European scenes. In Moscow, abdicted subordination: "How do we give you a hall when we are deserved and folk in the state?" (The fact that they were artists of the orchestra, did not matter.)

Do not want to produce solo programs? Create an orchestra. For the "soloists of Moscow" fans and fans went throughout Russia, it was one of the best chamber orchestras of the USSR. And then - the sound of Alta was heard by composers, through a happy chance (XX century!) Seeking new means of expressiveness. They made themselves and the public of the idol, began to write new and new opts for Viola. Today, the number of essays devoted to him is calculated by dozens, and the composer excitement does not stop: everyone wants to write for the Basht.

Yuri Bashmet today leads two orchestras ("Soloists of Moscow" and "New Russia"), heads several festivals (the most famous of them - winter, in Sochi), much time gives working with children: organizes master classes and engaged in a youthful symphony orchestra, Where they play, of course, the best of the best.

Yuri Temirkanov. Photo: Alexander Kurov / Tass

Yuri Temirkanov

Did Sergey Prokofiev guessed that a little boy, the son of the head of the Kabardino-Balkaria, the leader of the Kabardino-Balkariya art committee (he opened the Moscow musical "landing" during evacuation), will be one of the best conductors of the world? And besides the passionate fan of the music of the profyeva himself: in the account of Yuri Temirkanova, not only the performance of the famous composer scores, but also the revival of the forgotten. His interpretations of the Symphony of Shostakovich or the Tchaikovsky operas are counted for the reference, they are oriented on them. His orchestra - with a long name, which in the spaciousness turned into "merit" (from the Honored Team of Russia - the Academic Symphony Orchestra of the St. Petersburg Philharmonic named after DD Shostakovich), - entered the ranking of the best orchestras of the world.

At the age of 13, Temirkanov came to Leningrad, with this city connected his destiny. CMH at the conservatory, the conservatory itself, first the orchestral faculty, then the conductor, at the legendary Ilya Musin. His career developed rapidly: after the conservatory he debuted in the Small Opera House (Mikhailovsky), the next year won the competition and went on tour - to America - with Cyril Kondrashin and David Justrach. Then he headed the orchestra of the Leningrad Philharmonic and in 1976 he became the chief conductor of the Kirov Theater. Where and created the most reference interpretations of Tchaikovsky's operas, and one of them is a "peak lady" - and he himself put. Valery Gergiev, by the way, recently renovated this production and returned to the Mariinsky scene. In 1988, this is the subject of a special pride of the conductor: he was chosen - and did not appoint "top"! - the main conductor of the very "merit", and then the art of the St. Petersburg Philharmonic.

Algis Jurajtis. Photo: Kosetsian Alexander / Tass

Algis Jurajtis

People's Artist of Russia, Winner of the USSR State Prize Algis Jurajtis lived 70 years and 28 of them worked at the best large country theater - Big. The native of Lithuania, he graduated from the Vilnius Conservatory (and later received another education - in Moscow) and debuted at the Lithuanian Opera and Ballet Theater. A talented conductor quickly noticed in the capital - and Jurajtis received a place in Moscow: at first he was a conductor-assistant of the Greater Symphony Orchestra of the All-Union Radio, then the conductor of Moskoncert and, finally, in the 1960s got into a large theater.

Jurajtis became famous for his work with Yuri Grigorovich: Most performances The famous choreographer released in the biggest with Jurajtis, including the legendary Spartak.

The scandalous glory brought the conductor his article in the True newspaper, dedicated to the experimental spectrum of Alfred Schnitka and Yuri Lyubimov "Peak Lady": As a result of the publication, the postulation did not wait for the premiere, it was banned. Much later, in his interview with Schnitka, it was suggested that the secretary of the CPSU Central Committee on ideology was standing for the emergence of this publication - Mikhail Suslov, famous for his skilled intrigues.

For the past 20 years, the conductor was married to Singer Elena Exena. "In one moment I fell in love with Algis Jurajtis. I do not understand how it happened - in one second! Returned with the tour and found themselves in one compartment ... There were no provocations on both sides. We sat, chatted. And suddenly exactly the spark broke out between us! And I could no longer live without him. "

Ordinary people, distant from classical music, do not always understand what exactly this person is engaged in a tuxedo, making hands before trying to play as much as possible by musicians. Nevertheless, no orchestral concert without this participant does not do. What makes the conductor, what is his role and why the listeners buy tickets are more honored if he is famous?

From ancient Greece to this day

Long before Tuscanini, Furtvengler, the background of Karaian and Bernstine their work performed already Ferkid from the Patra, known in ancient Greece as a "rhythm closer". According to historical sources, in 709 BC. He managed a group of eight hundred musicians with a golden rod, raising and lowering him and seeking the musicians "began at the same time" and "everyone could stay together."

The functions of the conductor have changed over the last thousand with more than a year, but this profession is still shrouded in a certain mystical aura. And in fact, it is surprisingly the ability of one person holding only a wooden wand in hand, to provide a coherent sound sometimes hundreds of tools.

How it turns out that the sounds that are poured as a result of this mysterious dance at the console, sometimes cause an elevated delight, covering listeners, which then all their life cannot forget their feelings?

This is a great mystery of art, and fully solve it, thank God, it is impossible.

If you conduct more landed analogies, then the conductor is the music equivalent of the sports team manager. You can never appreciate what he does - but it is always clear what result he achieves. The orchestra, in principle, can do without a conductor, but still in most cases prefer to play under his leadership. So, in fact, he does? Here are some of the many things that the conductor consciously or unconsciously engage in the console.

Metronomic man

"All the debt of the conductor consists of his ability to always indicate the right pace," said Richard Wagner, who himself owned perfectly with this profession, and was also a great composer. Usually, the right hand (with or without chopstick) is used to control the orchestra, but other components affect the impeccability of execution. The conductor can not be replaced by the metronome (which is well shown in the allegorical film Fellini "Rehearsal Orchestra"), its actions mean much more.

Interpretation

The profession of the conductor is to incarnate the score. To do this, as a tool, he uses his own understanding of the work and expresses it through the individual language of gestures. He, as it were, "sculpts" the musical line, emphasizes the nuances and individual musical elements, driving musicians, and, in fact, much creates a new one. These processes are usually expressed with the left hand. While all conductors have some common gestures, most of the greatest of them have their own unique style. For example, Furtwangler in some moments spontaneously produced rather strange movements. Valery Gergiev moved his fingers, expressing the nature of music, he himself explained this manner by being a pianist.

The ability to listen

"The best conductors are the best listeners," says that service, journalist, author of the fascinating book "Music as an alchemy: Travel with great conduirs and their orchestras." They, like thundering, take over the emotional workload of the work, and focus on the strongest sides. It is important for the conductor to understand the music of the usual people, and then express their own hypercognition by making it publicly available.

Dictatorship

"You must impose your will - not by force, but you should be able to convince people in the correctness of your point of view!" - said Pierre Bulez, legendary composer and conductor. Although most of the conductors today consider themselves democrats, it simply cannot be true. This does not mean that without dictatories do not do, but it is not easy. Bulize leads to the example of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, calling him a group of individuals: "If the conductor does not ask them a collective orientation, they will be deprived of the steering and wind."

Conductor conductor

In many languages, the word "conductor" sounds like a "conductor". Well, something common is, because every listener earns music, and looks at what a conductor does, and through this visual image there is a visual connection, a peculiar bridge between our eyes and melodic sensations. Sometimes from the remote it is simply impossible to take a look, it fascinates the spectacle.

"Conduct is much harder than playing one tool. You need to know the culture, to calculate everything and spread what you want to hear "- says Bulize.

And what other than music?

Conductors need musical instinct, intuition and congenital musicality, but besides this you need to know much. Before taking place at the console, they tend to spend many hours to prepare. Often it is academic in nature, covering the study of historical documents, such as letters, technical specifications of the tools of a certain period or biographical moments of the authors. Like all great secrets, great music occurs only from a huge amount of hard work.