Isaac Azimov - a great science fiction writer, the fictional worlds whose world fascinated by one generation of readers. This talented person has written more than half amented books and stories, trying herself in different genres: from beloved science fiction to detectives and fantasy. However, few people know that in the creative biography of Azimov there was a place not only for literary activities, but also for science.

Childhood and youth

A future writer was born in Belarus, in the town called Petrovichi, which is not far from Mogilev on January 2, 1920. Parents Azimov, Yuda Aronovich and Khana-Rachek Isaakovna, worked with mills. The boy called the name of the late grandfather from the mother's side. Half Eizek will subsequently assert that initially the surname of Azimovov wrote like ozimov. Jewish roots were very worshiped in the Aizek family. According to his own memories, in Russian, parents did not speak with him, Idish became the first language for Azimov, and the first literature is the stories.

In 1923, Azimov was immigrated to the United States and settled in Brooklyn, where their own confectionery shop was soon opened. A future writer went to school for five years. According to the rules of children, they took from six, however, the Parents of Isaac sent the date of birth of the Son for 1919, so that the boy would go to school a year earlier. In 1935, Azimov graduated from the tenth grade and began to study in college, which, unfortunately, was closed in a year. After that, Izek went to New York, where he entered the Columbia University, choosing the Chemical Faculty.

In 1939, the azimov was assigned a bachelor's degree, and after another two years, the young man became a chemistry master. Isaac immediately continued his studies in graduate school, but a year later changed the plans and moved to Philadelphia, where he worked as a chemist in the military shipyard. 1945 and 1946 Aizek gave the service in the army, after which he returned to New York and continued to learn. Aspirator of Azimov graduated in 1948, but did not stop at the achieved and gave documents on the so-called postdocate for the biochemistry department. At the same time, Azimov began to teach at the University of Boston, in which he worked as a result of many years.

Books

Tract for writing woke up in Aisek Asimov early. The first attempt to write a book was at 11 years old: Aizek described the adventures of boys from a small town. First, the creative zador was enough for a short time, and Azimov scored an afflicted book. However, some time later decided to read the first chapters to his comrade. What was the surprise of Aizek, when he delighted the continuation. Perhaps at that moment Azimov realized the power of the writer's talent given to him, and began to treat this gift more seriously.

The first story of Isake Azimov "Captive at Vesta" was published in 1939, but did not bring a particular fame to the writer. But the next short work entitled "The arrival of the night", published in 1941, produced a aurist in the fan of fans of a fantastic genre. It was a story about the planet, the night on which comes once every 2049 years. In 1968, the story will even call the best of ever published in this genre. The "arrival of the night" will subsequently be repeatedly included in numerous anthologies and collections, and will also survive two attempts to film (unfortunately unsuccessful). The writer himself will call this story "Water-Build" in a literary career. Interestingly, at the same time, the "arrival of the night" did not become the favorite story of Azimov in his own creativity.

After that, Aisek Azimov's stories will become long-awaited for fans. In May 1939, Isaac Azimov began writing the first narrative of robots called Robbie. A year later, the story "Liar" is a story about the robot who knew how to read the thoughts of people. In this work, Azimov will first describe the so-called three laws of robotics. According to the writer, for the first time these laws formulated the writer John Campbell, although he, in turn, insisted on the authorship of Azimov.

Laws are heard as follows:

1. The robot cannot harm a person or his inactivity to allow man to harm.
2. The robot must obey all orders who give a person, except when these orders contradict the first law.
3. The robot must take care of its safety to the extent that this does not contradict the first or second laws.

At the same time, the word "robotics" ("robotics" appeared), which later included in the English dictionaries. Interestingly, according to the studies that established in the medium, the traditions of the robots were told about the uprising of artificial intelligence and on the riots directed against people. And after the release of the first stories of Isaka Azimov, robots in the literature will begin to obey the three laws, becoming more friendly.

In 1942, the writer starts a series of fantastic novels "Foundation". Isaac Azimov initially thought this series of self, but in the 1980s "foundation" will be united with already written stories about robots. In another version of the translation into Russian, this series will be given the name "Academy".

Since 1958, Aizek Azimov will pay more attention to the popular science genre, but in the 1980s will return to fiction and will continue the "Foundation" cycle. Perhaps the most noticeable stories of Aizek Azimov, in addition to the "foundation", were the works of "Robot", "the end of eternity", "they will not arrive", "the gods themselves" and "empire". The writer himself highlighted the stories "the last question", "a two hundred year old man" and "ugly boy", considering them the most successful.

Personal life

In 1942, Isaac Azimov met the first true love. Romanticity this acquaintance attached and the fact that it took place on Valentine's Day. The wicked writer became Gertrude Bywherman. Lovers got married. This marriage gave the writer Daughter Robin Joan and David's Son. In the 1970s, the spouses divorced.

Isaac Azimov not long stayed alone: \u200b\u200bIn the same year, the writer fell asleep with Janet Opal Jippson, who worked as a psychiatrist. With this woman, Azimov met in 1959. In 1973, the couple signed. There are no children from this marriage.

Death

The writer passed on April 6, 1992. The cause of the death of Aizek Azimov doctors will call heart and renal failure, complicated by HIV infection, which the writer accidentally infected in 1983 during the operation on the heart.

The death of Aizek Azimov shook fans who are inherited only the books of the Great Writer.

Bibliography

• 1949-1985 - "Detective Elaider Bailey and Robot Daniel olivo"
• 1950 - "I, Robot"
• 1950 - "Pebbles in the sky"
• 1951 - "Stars like dust"
• 1951 - "Foundation"
• 1952 - "Space currents"
• 1955 - "End of Eternity"
• 1957 - "Nude Sun"
• 1958 - "Starr and Saturn Ring Lakki"
• 1966 - "Fantastic Journey"
• 1972 - "Gods themselves"
• 1976 - "Two-year-old man"

Isaac Azimov (1920-1992) - a genuine legend of the Golden Age of American fiction. He devoted almost all his life to literature: over four hundred books, including special research and popular science work, came out from under his pen. The point, of course, is not in quantity, there are among science and more prolific. But, unlike most of his colleagues, Azimov did not follow the beaten cliché - he fondanied with original ideas, each of which was able to generate a whole direction in science fiction.

And it's all about him

No matter how trite it sounds, the Biography of Azimov looks like a fascinating novel. He was born in Soviet Russia, in Petrovichi near Smolensky. It happened this fateful event on January 2, 1920, and already in 1923 the family of surgery (so initially the name of his parents sounded) emigrated to the United States. The literary career Azimov began sixteen years later, with the story "Lost in Vesti", published in the magazine "Amazing Stories". Since then, the publication fell by one after the other, and soon Isak became one of the most active figures of the American Fandom, the regulatory of forums and conversion, the soul of society, charming and curuy. Literature classes did not interfere with the scientific career. Yesterday's emigrant, he managed to brilliantly graduate from high school, then - the Chemistry Faculty of Columbia University, rapidly get a degree and 1979 to become a professor in his Alma Mater.

Michael Weland, a master of fantastic painting, illustrated many books Azimov. These works decorate our article.

However, the main achievements of Isake Azimov, undoubtedly lie in the field of literature. Here, however, it was not without some fraction of luck. The first person from the world of scientific fiction, with whom young Isaac person personally met, was John Wood Campbell. The legendary editor of the Astouding SF magazine played an invaluable role in the formation of the American fiction of the "Golden Age", personally fastened the whole generation of brilliant writers - from Robert Hainline to Henry Cattler and Catherine Moore. Campbell not only possessed a striking scent on talents, but also literally flooded his pets with a whole hail of ideas, many of which were incarnation in the titles and the stories of those whom we call the classics of the NF. Of course, John Campbell could not pass by Azimov, although only the ninth of the stories offered by Aizek saw the light on the pages of his magazine. Like many comrades on the workshop, the writer for life has retained his gratitude to Campbell - a man, thanks to which American fiction in just a few years has made a gigantic evolutionary jump.

Aisaek Azimov's work was written by a lot of articles and books - including a two-volume member of the writer himself. One listed of his literary awards would take several pages of roasty font. On the account of Azimov five "Hugo" (1963, 1966, 1973, 1977, 1983) and two "incomplete" (1972, 1976) - the most authoritative premiums in world fiction. However, much more important is that its numerous books are still translated and reprinted around the world - including works created for more than half a century ago.

I am robot

The first thing that comes to mind, when the name of Isaac Azimova sounds, is the image of a robot in world fiction. No, of course, robots did not come up with Azimov. The word is from the Czech language, for the first time he used Karel Chapek in his famous play "R.U.R.", calling so artificial people intended for the black, heavy and unskilled work. The very same image of an artificial person, a living, but deprived of the soul, came to us from the stories about the golem and the monster of Frankenstein. However, it was Azimov that suggested the perfect way once and forever protect humanity from the very possibility of "rebellion of cars". If in journal fiction of the 1920s, the distracted android was one of the main enemies of mankind (along with ju-eyed monsters and maniacs-scientists), then with the arrival of Saint Aizeka, the robot from the delicious slave turned into an indispensable assistant and the right forever. And just needed to introduce three laws, sewn, so to speak, in the positron brain BIOS of every reasonable car!

I think it will not be superfluous to recall these laws. According to the first, the robot cannot harm a person or his inaction to allow man to harm. According to the second - should obey all orders who give a person, except when these orders contradict the first law. And finally, according to the third, the robot must take care of its safety to the extent that it does not contradict the first and second laws. The positron brain is physically not able to break none of these principles - it is on them that its structure is based.

The first story of Isake Azimov, dedicated to robots, appeared in 1940 on the pages of one of the journals of science fiction. The story was called the "strange buddy", or "Robbi", and narrated the fate of an unusual robot - touching and very human. This work followed the second, third, fourth ... And already in the 1950 cycle of the story of Isaac Azimov "I, Robot" came out a separate book, which determined the development of the theme of reasonable cars for many years ahead.

The base and founders

"When you knew, from what kind of seams are growing poems, not going to shame ..." - wrote Anna Akhmatova. Aiske Azimov's interest in robots was caused by the causes of quite prose. With all his advantages, John Wood Campbell, a long time remained the main publisher Azimov, was distinguished by radical glances and believed that from any conflict with aliens, the representative of the "highest" human race should certainly be a winner. These frames were too narrow for Aizek, moreover, they contradicted his convictions. And the writer found a brilliant output: from now on in the works he offered Campbell, there was no aliens at all, and therefore there was no corresponding conflict. However, this does not mean that Azimov completely refused space topics. On the contrary, the work, the action of which occurred on the distant planets, was out of one pen, one after another. Only here inhabited these worlds are not "small green men", but all the same people, descendants of earthly immigrants.

The most famous Asimian cycle, the beginning of which was laid during this period, was the "base" (also known in Russian translations as a "fund" and "Academy"). In novels created under the influence of the Book of Edward Gibbon "History of the decline and crash of the Roman Empire," is hardly drawn by the most impressive history of the future in science fiction of the 20th century. The first empire of the human race fell under his own severity. The science and art of the sore, the army falls apart, the provinces declare themselves with independent states, the relationship between them is lost - in short, new dark centuries occur. Of course, the Optimist of Azimov does not lose faith in progress: sooner or later the world will again become one and the second empire stands will be taken over all the worlds. But is it possible to calculate how the situation will develop and reduce the dark centuries to a minimum? For this, the great mathematician Hari Saldon is taken, the inventor of the science of psychoistoria, the creator of the foundation - the community to become the embryo of the second empire of humanity.

The paintings of the death and decay of the greatest empire, the writer talented, is impressive. But the main find of Azimov in this cycle is definitely the psychoistory itself. "Not trying to predetermine the actions of individual personalities, it formulated certain mathematical laws, which developed human society," this explains her the essence of the hero of the novel. Millennies, the creation of such science remains a dream of the power of people. Today, a senior child of progress has come to replace oracles and fortune holders, Pythies and Avoras, Tarot Maps and Coffee Mattures - Almighty Science. Which is not used to predict an approximate direction of the development of society - at least a few months ahead, to the closest elections ... Alas, confidently predict the future sociologists with political scientists did not learn ...
As for the "foundation", the fate of this cycle has developed quite happily. In 1966, at the 24th "Warldkone", the "foundation" received the award "Hugo" as the "Best Fantastic Series of All Times". When voting, the novels of Azimov went around and the most popular "history of the future" Robert Khainlanine, and the "Lord of the Rings" of John R. R. Tolkina, whose name has already managed to thunder in the English-language world.

Steel caves

Fantastic detective - the genre is completely special. It combines the features of a traditional detective novel and fiction, and therefore often exposed to criticism on both sides. Connoisseurs of the detective genre annoy fantastic assumptions, fans fans shy a hard structure inevitable for detective. However, writers stubbornly return to this area, again and re-forcing cohorts of elusive criminals and ingenious detectives to take care. And one of the generally accepted classics of a fantastic detective, again, it is considered unsurpassed and many-sided Aizek Azimov.

Romanes "Steel caves", "Nude Sun" and "Morning Robots" about police officer Elaidge Bailey and his partner R. Daniele olivo - In a sense, the continuation of the cycle "I, Robot". The detective itself is akin to the confusing chess party, Azimov added an additional unknown equation to this equation - robots. One of them, balanced and discreet denye dean olivo, becomes the main character of all trilogy novels. Other robots invariably fall under suspicion or become key witnesses in affairs that have to be unraveling by the couple of investigators. Move, it is necessary to notice, the witty. The behavior of thinking machines is rigidly defined by three laws - and, nevertheless, robots are also involved in fatal crimes. Yes, another complicated foreign policy situation requires to find the perpetrator in record short time ...

The list of fantastic detectives Azimov trilogy is not limited. However, it was she entered Annala, became a constant example for imitation. And not only in the United States and England, but also in Russia. For the first time, the "steel caves" came out in Russian in 1969, in one of the volumes of the Detitovskaya "Library of Adventures", with the preface of Arkady and Boris Strugatsky - and immediately three hundredthly fat edition. Not every modern author of bestsellers can boast such success. And, in general, deservedly: Although over the years, hundreds of writers tried their strengths in the field of fantastic detective, Azimov's works still remain the perfect sample genre.

Start eternity

Another referral in which the American writer left a distinct trace - chronoper, literature on travel travel. Time Machine - NF Topics from time immemorial. In modern fiction there is an astronomical number of variations on this topic, including a lot of classic: "And the thunder struck ..." Ray Bradbury, "Time Patrol" Paul Anderson, "Yes," Doesn't Choose Darkness "Spreaga de Camp ... But" End of Eternity "Aizeka Azimova takes one of the most honorable places in this row. How easily the poet is guessed in the texts of Bradbury, as easily in the author of the "end of eternity" is recognized by the natural student scientist. Successfully and ruthlessly logically examined the time travel situation, Azimov designed an organization that inevitably had to arise in the world, where to go to the past or the future is not more difficult than going to aunt in Saratov.

Eternity is a kind of totalitarian state that exists outside the main temporary stream and uses the time machine to correct the story. The main goal is to maintain society in immutability, insure the inhabitants from global catastrophes and shocks. And at the same time, keeping the status quo, eternity deprived the humanity of the future, actually froze the progress of civilization for the Millennium. Alas, it is global shocks, war and disasters forcing society to move forward. Full peace leads civilization to shockting and death ...

Not all writers share skepticism Aizek Azimov. For more than half a century, eternity is again and again being revived in the novels of other authors, under new names: Time patrol (from Paul Anderson), Pescocentre (in the "shore of dinosaurs" Kate Laumer), and so on, and the like. Most of these organizations, however, do not correctly correct the history of mankind, as follows its integrity. The fear of the anarchy, which reigns in time crowded by travelers without visas is too large. If one butterfly, crushed in the past, will face a real change in the political system in America, how is able to eresh up the history of the next Yankee, who said to the court of King Arthur with a machine gun at the same time? .. It was this fear of other than others felt Aizek Azimov - and brilliantly beat in his novel. .

Classics and contemporaries

Project of the Azimov Monument (the work of Michael Welana)

Undoubtedly, this is the contribution of Isaac Azimov's contribution to the piggy bank of ideas and scenes of science fiction is not limited. He came up with a planet, the inhabitants of which see the stars only once a few millennia and first sent their heroes to the microman, he put forward the assumption that the Neanderthals owned telepathy and in the ironic key described the development of countingly computing systems, he began talking about the threat of nuclear in the 1950s Wars and contacts with residents of the parallel world ...

Today, in the United States and England, several thousand fantastic novels comes out every year, and the good third of these works can be attributed to the NF. But in order to figure out what they prefer to write "Scientific Sciences", not necessarily read all these books. If you are interested in what ideas are actively developing Western Fictionists, re-read the collected works of Azimov. I assure you: all the variety of modern NF is reflected in his works as the ocean in a drop of water.

Aizek Azimov: biography

american science writer, science popularizer, biochemist

Introduction

Isaac Asimov (English. Isaac Asimov, name at the birth of Isaac Yudimiov; January 2, 1920 - April 6, 1992) - American science writer, popularizer of science, in the profession of biochemistry. The author of about 500 books, mostly artistic (primarily in the genre of science fiction, but also in other genres: fantasy, detective, humor) and popular science (in various fields - from astronomy and genetics to history and literary studies). Multiple laureate of Hugo and Involtal Prizes.

Some terms of its works are Robotics (robotics, robotics), Positronic (positron), PsychoHistory (Psychoistoria, Science of the behavior of large groups of people) - firmly entered into English and other languages. In the Anglo-American literary tradition of Azimov, together with Arthur Clark and Robert Halinine include the "big three" science fiction writers.

BIOGRAPHY

Azimov was born (according to the documents) On January 2, 1920, in the town of Petrovicha seemed to have no things in life, which is not interested in this person: "Robotechnika", Biography of Enstein, a sunny system, the history of the Greek myths, the development of capitalism in England, the emergence of the United States of America, Religion, greenhouse effect, the problem of aging, AIDS, planet overpopulation - this list can still be continued.

A multi-faceted writer and a scientist Aizek Azimov was born in a very peculiar place of Petrovichi Smolensk region. The "peculiarity" of this small settlement was that Russians, Jews, Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles were calmly dwell. Therefore, in Petrovichi, in addition to the Orthodox Church, there was a church and three synagogues. Petrovicanov talked on a mixed language with a special accent, were proud to belong to the Meshchansky class, as well as a special healthy microclimate of their settlement.

In this place, in a poor Jewish family, on January 2, 1920, a future fiction writer appeared on the world, who received his name in honor of his grandfather's father. Father Aizek Azimova, Yuda Ozimov (this was the real name of the writer, the letter "A" - just a typo of American officials), in early youth, he worked on a family kruchuska - a device for cleaning buckwheat. After the revolution, he became an accountant of the Selpo. Yuda Lims in the eyes of his elder son had an indisputable authority, which is not surprising. For his time, this person was educated, a lot of Russian and European classics read a lot, led the amateur Jewish drama, where he often performed the main roles. In 1919, he married his beloved Ghana-Rahili Berman. Her family consisted of Mother Tamara (the father of the girl died early) and four brothers. The source of revenues of the Bermanov family was a confectionery shop and utility farm: garden, livestock and bird. Agree to customs, the newlyweds could live in the parental house only one year, for which they had to prepare for independent life - "Become to your feet." Parents Aizek Custom fulfilled, left home and removed a small room, and after a year they moved to a more spacious apartment. However, their life in Petrovichi was short. Already in the summer of 1923, at the invitation of the Elder Brother Racheli Azimovy family moves to America. On this, the writer with his small birthplace ceases, but for the honor of Aizek Azimov, he forgot about it. In almost every interview, he said that he was born on Smolensk Earth, where and the first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. Moreover, with the inherent scrupulousness and meticulousness, native Petrovichi was found on the map of Europe and learned their exact geographical position, which he wrote in his autobiography "While fresh memory." And in 1988, being a famous person, he sent a small letter to his native village, where it is still kept in the Museum of Museum. Countrymen remembered the "high popularizer of the century" a movable baby with curly white hair, running naked in a hot summer.

Arriving in America, the parents of the writer settled in Brooklyn, where Yuda Azimov opened a small confectionery store. For the shelter of this store, young Aizek had to work quite often, especially after the birth of the younger brother. What such hardworking and the vulnerals of Isaac learned not at first, since he got up at six in the morning, spread newspapers, and after school he helped his father in confectionery. "I worked for ten hours seven days a week," the writer later spoke about his childhood. However, it is incorrect to assume that the childhood of Isaac Azimov was filled with constant labor and nothing more. In five years, the capable child has learned himself to read, and seven had a form in the local library. Passion for reading and a small number of books in the house led to the fact that Isaac "began to compose the stories himself." At the same time, he reveals for himself a genre of science fiction, which has become "love of the whole lifestyle for him." True, acquaintance with this genre did not occur immediately: when Nine-year-old Isaac saw the unusual cover of the magazine "Amazing Stories", the father did not allow to read the magazine, finding him unsuitable for the Son. The second attempt was much more successful: the word "science" in the name of the magazine "Science Wonder Stories" helped Aizek convince the Father that this magazine is worthy of attention.

It goes without saying that the Azimov could easily learn. He quietly led across the classes, as a result of which he graduated from primary school at 11 years old, and the main course was 15 with all sorts of differences and one single remark for the permanent chatter in the lessons. After school, at the request of the parents, Azimov is trying to become a physician despite the fact that it does not make a type of blood. He decides to enter the prestigious Colombian University, but the case does not go beyond the interview. Izek Asimov explained this failure in his autobiography: He's talking, unreasonable and does not know how to produce a good impression on people. Then young azimov enters the youth college in Brooklyn, but for unforeseen circumstances (college is unexpectedly closed) in a year becomes a listener of Columbia University, which ends at the nineteen years with a specialty biochemistry.

At the same time, he meets the editor of Astounding magazine by John V. Campbell. Despite the fact that Campbell rejected several stories of Azimov and hit him with his right-wing views, the lack of faith in the equality of people, he kept his charm for the writer until 1950. And this is an explanation. Campbell Potability gave its results: the first story of Azimov's story "Direction" received the third place in the reader's voting. Moreover, this person helped the writer to formulate the famous and to this day "Three Robotechniki Law", although Campbell himself recognized that only "the" laws "was signed out of what Izek Azimov wrote." In gratitude, the science fiction later dedicated him a collection "I, Robot". Campbell also suggested to the writer the plot for the story of the "arrival of the night" (or "and the night came"), thanks to which the literary talent of Azimov was recognized as readers and critics.

In 1968, the Association of American Forties identified the best works published before the institution of the Anevul Prize, and in this list "Night arrival" took the first place out of 132 works. Cooperating with Campbell, Isaac Azimov created a fantastic series of "base", telling about the Galactic Empire. Stories from this cycle provided young Aisek fame fantist writer.

However, Campbell's influence has spread not only to the creative activities of Azimov. In 1942, during World War II, he introduced a writer with Robert Heinline, who served in Navy Yard (Philadelphia). Soon Asimov received an official invitation from the commandant Navy Yard with a proposal of the post of younger Chemist. The appointed salary was decent, and this allowed Herruda Herrouse, with which he met a few months before the invitation. After some time, the writer Spregg de Camp, and to serve in such a creative union, was joined by Aisek Asima and Robert Heinlanine. True, the work in Navy Yard continued for a long time - Azimov still called on the army, and he had to serve as a clerk in a division that was preparing the test of the atomic bomb in the Pacific Ocean. It is the impressions received during the service that contributed to the formation of the anti-war looks of the writer and the denial of nuclear weapons.

Demobilized Isaac Azimov in July 1946, after which he returned to Columbia University, where he continued to work on the doctoral dissertation in chemistry. As a graduate student, he had to conduct seminars at her university. And at one of these classes, one of the students admitted that nothing understands in the Azimov equations written. "Chepuha, - Azimov replied. "Watch what I say, and everything will become clear how God's day." These words were worthy of the future "Popularity of the Century". And after a while he made his "first contribution" to journalism. The article "Endochronic properties of recubous phyatimoline" was published by the article by an evil parody of the doctoral dissertation in chemistry, and besides, was signed by the real name of the writer. Before defense of the dissertation of Azimova embraced the fear - what will happen to him if his professor read this article? But to the surprise and happiness of the writer, the scientific sarcasm of professors liked, and on defending one of them asked: "What are you, Mr. Azimov, can we tell us about changing the thermodynamic characteristics of a substance called phyatimoline?". Mr. Azimov answered a pitiful smile, and in five minutes he became a doctor of science.

The end of the 40s is the beginning of the 50s - during this period, Aisek Azimov's active life begins as a writer and as a scientist. He teaches at the University of Boston, writes a lot, engaged in research in the field of biology and mathematics. And in 1950, the crowned Azimov broke up with Campbell and publishes his futurological novel "Pechers in the sky" (or "Cobblestone in the sky"). The novel brings the writer success and full fatherly forgiveness for failure in exams in medical school. The subsequent works of Isima Azimov "Stars like dust" and "space currents" this success is confirmed, fixed, and Azimov enters the big three writers of science fiction writers together by Robert Heinlayin and Artur Clark. In the late 50s, Isaac Azimov opens the true future of his profession, writing a popular science book for teenagers "Chemistry of Life". "Once, having come home, I admitted to myself that I like to write journalism ... not just with the knowledge of the case, not just for earnings - but much more so: with pleasure ..." - such words will explain the writer's writer as a popular science literature . From that moment on, he is fond of zoology, history, nature, mathematics and work with a teenage audience. At the same time, leaving teaching activities and with his head goes into creativity, engaging the popularization of various areas of science. As a result, he is called the "great popularizer of the century", and the first prestigious Award "Hugo" -63 was awarded precisely for "scientific and popular articles". Now Azimov works hard and stubbornly, printed in several magazines immediately, leads a monthly scientific column in the magazine "Fantasy & Science Fiction", whose editor called him a "good doctor." By the way, this title writer wore with pride the rest of his life.

Wanting closer to science to the widest layers of Americans, popularizing it, he is interested in all and immediately, confirming his opinion that unexplored life is not worth love. Therefore, he is engaged in "research" and constitutes annotations to the plays of Shakespeare, the "lost paradise" of Milton, "Don Juan" Byrona, Bible. He reads lectures, writes articles, acts at conferences and answers his letters. "Work and learn" - this principle laid down from childhood, led them throughout life. However, this principle and passion for creativity once served him a bad service.

His marriage with Gertruda Higherman, from whom he had a son and daughter, broke out due to excessive writer's employment. The blame for this failure of Asimes and completely took on itself, and in his autobiography he remembered many happy moments that managed to survive spouses in youth. After the official divorce, he married Janet Opil Jepson, Psychiatre by profession and the pediatric writer, with whom he was united by spiritual interests and long-term acquaintance. The second marriage brought the writer consent and mental harmony. And in the 80s, in conjunction with Janet Isaac, I released a series of children's science fiction about the Robot Norby. He still works a lot, while remaining the cabinet writer and without leaving from New York. It is difficult to believe, but Isaac Azimov did not leave this city further than 400 miles. He called himself a "typical city inhabitant" and confessed in the same interview that "just poisoned the fresh air." And it said that a man born in place with a special healthy microclimate! Moreover, Azimov, describing space spaces in books, suffered from acrofobia (fear of height), so never went to the terrace of his apartment on the 33rd floor. He worked all his time and could easily say how many books he published at the moment.

For his life, Isaac Azimov released more than 400 books, books dedicated to the good and equality of nations. In his works there were no boring notations and morals, all of them were impregnated with ease and a good sense of humor. Somehow, in an interview with one Soviet newspaper, he said: "It doesn't matter, a citizen of you are the USA or the Soviet Union, the main thing is that you are a man!". These words were held through all his creativity.

Isaac Asimov died on April 6, 1992 in the hospital of New York University from renal and heart failure. By the will of the deceased, his body was cremated, and ashes - dispelled.

Literary activity

Azimov began to write at 11 years old. He began writing a book about the adventures of boys living in a small town. He wrote 8 chapters, after which he threw a book. But at the same time there was an interesting case. Having wrote 2 chapters, Izek retraced them to his friend. He demanded a continuation. When Isaac explained that it was all that he wrote, his friend asked to give to read the book, where Isaac read this story. From that moment of Isaac, I realized that he had a writer's gift, and began to seriously refer to his literary activities.

azimov Literary Journical Writer

Most of the Azimov written books are popular as popular, and in various fields: chemistry, astronomy, religious studies, a number of others. In their publications Azimov divided the position of scientific skepticism<#"justify">Knowledge cannot belong to a separate person, even thousands of people.

· In fact, the date of his birth is definitely not known due to the lack of records and the difference between the Gregorian and Jewish calendar. Dates are assumed until October 19<#"justify">Awards writer

Prize "Hugo<#"justify">Bibliography

Sci-fi novels

Transcribe Empire<#"justify">Warming of works, theatrical productions

End of Eternity (1987)

Gandadhar (1988)

Two-year-old man (1999)

I, Robot (2004)

Tutoring

Need help to study what language themes?

Our specialists will advise or have tutoring services for the subject of interest.
Send a request With the topic right now, to learn about the possibility of receiving consultation.

Years of life: from 02/01/1920 to 04/06/1992

The legendary American science fiction writer, one of the geniuses of the XX century. The author of about 500 books, mostly artistic (primarily in the genre of science fiction, but also in other genres: fantasy, detective, humor) and popular science (in various fields - from astronomy and genetics to history and literary studies).

Isaac Azimov (real name Isaac of Ozimov) was born on January 2, 1920 in Russia, in Petrovichi - a place, located closely near Smolensk. His parents, Judas and Anna, emigrated to the States in 1923, bringing Aizek and his younger sister with them. The family settled in Brooklyn, where his father bought a pastry shop in 1926. Religious education in the family was given quite little time, and Isaac became early by an atheist - which he never hid and imposed anyone. In 1928, Father Azimova achieved naturalization, which meant that Isaac also became a US citizen. Having received secondary education, Azimov, at the request of the parents, tried to become a physician. It turned out to be not able to him: at the sight of blood he became bad. Then Izek made an attempt to enter the most prestigious College of Columbia University, but did not pass on the interview, writing in the autobiography that he is talking, unreasonable and does not know how to produce a good impression on people. He was adopted in the Youth College Set Low in Brooklyn. A year later, this college closed and Azimov turned out to be in Columbia University - True, as a simple listener, not a student of an elite collend. On July 25, 1945, Isaac Azimov married Gertrude Bwermanman, with whom he met a few months before.

Among the most famous works of the writer are the novels "Steel Caves" (1954), "End of Eternity" (1955), "Nude Sun" (1957), "Gods themselves" (1972), Grand Cycle "Foundation" (or "Academy", 1963-1986), as well as a series of stories, in which the famous three laws of robotics are first formulated.

It is alleged that Aizek Azimov came up with the idea of \u200b\u200bthe "base" cycle (academy), sitting in the subway, when his gaze accidentally fell into a picture depicting the Roman legionnaire on the background of starships. Allegedly, it was after this azimov decided to describe the galactic empire from the point of view of history, economics, psychology and sociology.

According to rumors, Roman foundion (academy) made a huge impression on Osamu Ben Laden and even influenced his decision to create a terrorist organization Al-Qaida. Ben Laden ordered himself Hari Seldon, who manages the society of the future in advance of the planned crises. Moreover, the name of the novel translated into Arabic sounds like Al Qaida and, thus, could cause the name of the Bin Laden organization.

• From Petrovichy to New York
• Unusual child
• About the science of the past and the future
• Geniuses work in silence

Isaac Azimov lived quite a peaceful life, without great shocks, but as he said himself, "it was compensated by a charming literary style," he inherent in him. The author who does not possess false modesty believed that his books did not produce a furor, although here with Azimov could not agree - the books did not take people to the streets, did not provoke revolutions, but they dragged and absorbed readers, they stunned. The unrestrained fantasy of the author, filled with the plausibility of the worlds invented by him, as well as simplicity with which the writer explained complex scientific terms.

Success Story, Biography Aisek Azimova

From Petrovichy to New York

Despite the fact that Isaac Azimov was born in Russia, in the village of Petrovichi Smolensk region, he was not a Russian or a Russian. He did not know the exact date, he chose as such a day on January 2, 1920, noting his named on the second day of the New Year. He did not know the Russian language, in the family it was customary to speak Yiddish; Although Parents of Yuda Aronovich and Anna-Rachek Isaakovna used Russian with conversations in which they did not want to devote children. From three years old, Azimov already lived among the Americans - in 1923 the family emigrated to the United States, and the five years of the Azimov received citizenship.

Life in Russia in the post-revolutionary years was extremely difficult: the lack of food, the epidemic - the situation on the verge of survival, and Isaac was a tiny baby - a little more than two kilograms at birth, so parents did not hoped much that he would survive. But he was not just persistent, but was the only surviving child in the area when the epidemic of pneumonia flashed there. Saving from a new revolutionary reality, Azimov decided to emigrate in the United States when Anna Rachel's brother, who was already settled in New York, offered them help.

Unusual child

Azimov lived in Brooklyn very poorly until she was opened on the deferred money - a confectionery store. Isaac learned to read and speak English earlier Yuda Aronovich: he asked his older schoolchildren's friends to show letters, and then began to read all signs in a row: "When my father discovered that his son - a preschooler knows how to read and, moreover, he learned this on his own initiative, he was amazed. Probably, then he began to suspect for the first time that I was an unusual child. (He thought so all his life, which did not bother without hesitation to criticize me for my many mistakes.) And since my father thought I was unusual, his understanding gave me a reason to think about my unusualness. " . Indeed, Isaac considered himself in advance.

He studied perfectly and showed his "ego size with Empair-Statebilding" (102-storey skyscraper on the island of Manhattan), admiring the same as its advantages and disadvantages. Among his innate abilities were almost photographic memory, the quick mind and intelligence. Azimov understood everything quickly and thoroughly. He did not think to hide his brilliant mind from classmates, and from what he had shifted, but when he was the weak and youngest in the classroom, became a "scapegoat". Only with the age of Azimov learned not to expose herself to the fore, but he had no need to assert themselves - he proved his unusual for a large number of books written on completely different topics, becoming one of the most famous science science fiction writers.

Confectionery store - cradle for a fiction

The first work in the life of Aisek Azimov was in the confectionery store of his father. The store worked for 16 hours a day without weekends, and it was there that Asimov found out what the routine of the day and how to live according to with him. The work in the store made it disciplined for life - already becoming a famous writer, Azimov started the day at 6 am, so that at 7.30 to sit at work on a new book.

In addition to confectionery stores, magazines with fantastic stories were sold, there is a future fiction author for the first time learned what fiction is. He read the journals with a mop, and at 11 years old wrote his first fantastic story. Passionate reader, he recorded a story in order to read himself, and at 16 he received his first printed machine as a gift from his father. She was used, but he gave the opportunity to 18-year-old Isaque to print the first story, which he sent to the magazine. The first opus editor did not accept, but the second story "Captive at Vesti" came out in the magazine five months later - October 21, 1938 - this date of Azimov remembered for life, remembered the fee - 64 dollars for the history of 6400 words.

"I smiled at luck, because at birth I received an effective brain working without tired. He is able to clearly think and turn thoughts in words. There is no my merit in this. I got a happy ticket, winning on the genetic tote. "

Transformation of zoo in writers

By the time of the first publication of the story, Azimov had already finished school and entered the college. The initial specialization of Azimov in college was zoology, but refusing to anatine a homeless cat, he moved to the Chemistry Faculty. Career in science was successful: 1941 - the degree of Master of Chemistry, 1948 - the degree of doctor on biochemistry. In the 7-year gap of Azimov worked for three years by a chemist on naval shipyard in Philadelphia, where his colleague was another future celebrity - Robert Saintline. It will not be a few decades as Robert Hainline, Isaleta Azimova and Arthur Clark will call the "big three" science science fiction writers.

After World War II, Azimov was enrolled in the army, where he reached the title of Capral due to good possession of the printed machine, and in 1946 he barely escaped participation in the tests of a nuclear bomb on the Bikini Atoll.

For a decade next after receiving a doctoral degree, Isaac Azimov worked at the University of Boston's Medical School and wrote novels, and in 1958 he decided to be only a writer - by that time his author's fees had already exceeded the salary of the scientist. He pretal to lecture on an ongoing basis, but continued to be friends with the university: "Every year I give a lecture that opens a course of biochemistry. For free, of course. This is some introduction that I try to make an interesting. Secretaries and students are visited this lecture. I hope that they like, I - for sure ".

About the science of the past and the future

Career Writer-novelist Aizek Azimova began in 1950 and ended in 1958 the output of the science fiction novel "Nude Sun". His first novel was "Peschinc in the sky" of 1950, but a year earlier he, a professor of biochemistry of the University of Boston, wrote a textbook for college "Biochemistry and Metabolism of a Man", which was withstanding three editions. Then Asimov also realized that he could well explain scientific information - step by step, an affordable language. And if he can explain science, then you can also explain the Bible and history, and everything is in the world! Therefore, gradually the amount of fantastic books written as Azimov decreased, and the number of popular science work increased, but in 1982 he returned to the artistic literature and released the Roman "Academy on the edge of death." The novel entered the "Foundation" cycle, the names of which translated into Russian has different options for the Academy, the "Foundation", the Foundation, and received Hugo Prize for him in 1983 and the nomination for the Involution Award in 1982. In the next 10 years before the conching of Azimov, a few more backgrounds were published and the continuations of existing novels, connecting them into a single, fascinating history.

The writer believed that his most striking contribution to literature and science is the "Foundation" cycle, as well as the three laws of robotics, which the writer formulated gradually, introducing them in different stories, which later united into the collection "I, Robot".

However, in this azimov Ukromnical. The Oxford Dictionary of the English language attributes Isaque Azimov invention of the words "positron brain", "Psychoistoria" and "Robotics", although the writer argued that "Robotics" is the usual result of word formation from the word "Robot", similar to the "Mechanics" and "Hydraulics".

Geniuses work in silence

On the door of the cabinet Aisek Azimov hung two plates: "Observe the silence, please" and the "genius works." The silence was a prerequisite for Azimov, he was undoubtedly a workaholic and needed a large concentration of attention. With the word "genius" immodest Azimov did not agree: "I am one of the most versatile writers in the world, and the greatest popularizer of many disciplines" . Indeed, from the study of the Bible and the consequences of the development of various fields of sciences to Shakespeare and the history of France - such is the range of books Azimov.

Was he the most prolific writer in the world? Asimov himself answered: "No, there are other authors, the most famous of them Georges Siemeon, but he writes only novels" . True, among the books of the French writer there is no work entitled "Introduction to the use of a logarithmic line", "Energy of life. From spark to photosynthesis, "" Building material of the Universe: the whole galaxy in the Mendeleev table, "and Azimov has. The average volume of Azimov's book - 70,000 words, the number of books - about 500, it turns out that only for his books he wrote 35 million words - but the amount and quantity is not the most important thing in the work of the writer - "And the most pleasant thing is that everything I write is printed".

For its 65th anniversary of Isaac Asimov, not only did not slow down the pace, he began to write even faster than before. His first 100th book, which was published in January 1950, took 237 months from the writer, that is, almost 20 years. Above the 200th book, which appeared from the press in March 1979, he worked 113 months, that is, about 9.5 years. The 300-Covery book "Opus 300" was completed in 69 months, that is, less than 6 years.

From the printed typewriter Azimov was always with great reluctant. And when he could not get to the keys, he took a handle, paper and could easily compose a short story. Of all movements, he preferred walks, and most of all - Walking indoors: "I have a unit, which I get up for half an hour and do all the movements, imitating the movements of an athlete on cross-country skiing, but all this happens in the warmth and comfort of my apartments» . Going on such a ski jogging, Azimov could take a book with me: he read and re-read the Charles Dickens, Mark Twain, P.G. Woodhouse and Agatou Christie.

Almost all his life, Isaac Azimov spent in his office, who kept in an extraordinary purity and order, typing his texts - 90 words per minute, and with great reluctance came off from the case, saying that he was "really happy only working." Questions about how it turns out to be so fruitful, Azimov answered: "I do not make efforts to write more poetically or in a high literary style. I'm just trying to write clearly and fortunately, we have the ability to think clearly, so I write as I think, and it immediately has a good outline. "

Secrets of skill Aizek Azimov

Azimov's drafts created on a typewriter, then typed the text on the computer and did the corrections only once: "It is not because of high self-talkative" - \u200b\u200bhe explained: "I should still write so much that if I stay over one book, I will not have time to do everything." . Over each book, he worked from started to the end, without resorting to the services of assistants.

Love for the chosen case and striking performance, combined with incredible interest in life in all aspects of its manifestation - these are the facts that the writer explained his skills: "Everything that I do is continue to write. I will soon be 65, and I feel myself a child who is trying to tell something grandparents. But I feel that if you continue to write, this skill will remain with you forever, as well as people who keep themselves in good physical form - in 65, they can do what I could not in 20 " . But, like any talented creative man, Azimov suffered a thought that he would never write better what was already done. Despite the fact that many decades of the publisher did not reject any work, the writer was a pursued nightmare: "I dream of my publishers who gathered together and say that Azimov was screamed. Then they pull the straw to choose who will bring me this bad news. ". 

"How to become a truly prolific author? The very first requirement is that a person must have a passion for the writing process. I mean; What he should have a passion for what is happening between reflections on the book and its completion. "

About aircraft, politics and religion

In his dislike, to take off from the typewriter Azimov reached extremes. He could go to the mountain resort, lifting the requirements of his wife, and all the days spend in the room, typing a new novel. But he traveled a little, believing that if as a result of the train crash, there is a chance to survive, then the flights are an unfair enterprise, because in case of falling the aircraft you will die. Ironically, he, he, Isaac Azimov, who wrote a fantastic work about the battles of interplanetary ships, about travelers in time and in hyperspace and in remote nebulae, never sat down in life.

Despite the huge addiction to work, his occupation was not an obstacle to communication with the world: Azimov was a very popular person, he had many friends, he was a loving father of his two children and remained very close to her parents before their death.

Azimov gave a lot of interviews, was the president of the American Humanistic Association, and always claimed that he was a humanist and rationalist, speaking against prejudice and pseudonuki. As for religion, in the 1982 interview to the question "Are you an atheist?" Isaac Azimov replied: "Undoubtedly, I am an atheist. I thought about it for a long time. I considered myself atheist for many years, but one day it felt that this is intellectual irresponsibility to talk about atheism, because it assumes the existence of knowledge, which is not in fact. It is better not to say "atheist", but a humanist and agnostic. Therefore, I decided that I create at the same time emotional and sensible. Emotionally I am an atheist. I do not have evidence that God does not exist, but I also can't prove that it exists, so I do not want to spend my time at it. "

However, in his autobiography, Isaac Azimov argued about religion: "If I were not an atheist, I would believe that God saves people, assessing their life merits, and not pronouncing words. I think that this god would prefer an honest and virtuous atheist, not a churchman broadcasting on TV, every word of which "God, God, God," and the act - dirt, dirt, dirt. "

Did not hide azimov and their political views. He was Liberal, opposed the US participation in the War in Vietnam. In television interviews did not hide his opinion on the highest officials of the country. For example, President Richard Nixon called "Zhulik and Liaz", and he said about the heroes of American countercultitors of the 60s that they saddled the emotional wave, which, in the end, will leave them on the shore of the "spiritual country without people", where there will be no Return.

The writer left the life of April 6, 1992 at the age of 72, in the official report it was said that the cause of death was cardiac and renal failure. 10 years after the death of the published autobiographical book, IT's Been A Good Life became known that the disease developed against the background of the AIDS virus, which in the blood of the writer was brought in 1977 during the operation on the heart.

In addition to the most interesting scientific fiction novels and exciting scientific and popular books, Isaac Azimov left the devils of his message about friendship, hatred and love: "The story reached a point when mankind is no longer allowed to be enjoyed. People on Earth should be friends. I always tried to emphasize this in my works ... I don't think that you can make all people love each other, but I would wish to destroy the hatred between people. And I absolutely seriously believe that science fiction is one of the links that help to combine humanity. The problems that we raise in fiction become the urgent problems of all mankind ... a science fiction writer, a fiction reader, the fiction itself serve to humanity. "

If you have found a mistake, please select the text fragment and click Ctrl + Enter..