The history of Ukrainian music. Famous Ukrainian composers patrons and art managers

National Union of Composers of Ukraine

National Union of Composers of Ukraine

Union of composers of Ukraine leads its history from society. Leontovich (1922), in which separate composer cells began to function in Ukraine. However, the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) of the composers was the direct basis for the creation of the composer Union, "on the restructuring of literary and art organizations", for the implementation of which in 1932, the Organizing Bureau was approved to establish the Union of Soviet musicians, which included outstanding composers of Ukraine - . Kozitsky, B. Lyatoshinsky, I. Kolyada, L. Revutsky. Subsequently, composer organizations appeared in Kharkov, Kiev, Odessa, later - in Lviv. In Kiev, the Union was headed by Levko Revutsky (by the responsible secretary by that time Boris Lyatoshinsky was. Since 1939, B. M. Lyatoshinsky became the Chair of the Union of Composers of Ukraine. In different years, B. M. Lyatoshinsky became the Union of Composers. In different years, B. M. Lyatoshinsky became the Union. In different years, B. M. Lyatoshinsky became the Union. In different years, the Union of Composers of Ukraine was led by Konstantin Dankevich (1941), Leo Revutsky (since 1944 To 1948 in a difficult period of war and the first post-war years), and then Grigory Rope, Philip Kozitsky, again Konstantin Dankevich, George Mayboroda. For more than 20 years before 1989, the Union was headed by A. Ya. Strelchenko. Since 1989 began to actively act The average composer generation - the Union was led by Evgeny Stankovich, Mikhail Stepanenko. Currently, the National Union of composers of Ukraine (this status of the Union has since 1998) heads the co-chairs - Evgeny Stankovich and Miroslav Skirik.

A significant place among organizations created to facilitate the creative activities of professional composers and musicologists, to support them and provide them with material, financial, legal and other assistance, is the musical fund of Ukraine of the National Union of Composers of Ukraine. With the acquisition of Ukraine of independence in August 1991, the Music Fund of Ukraine exists today as an independent organization, obeys in its activities the Union of Composers of Ukraine and the Board of the Music Fund of Ukraine.

Music Fund of Ukraine (director - Alexander Ilyich Serebryanik) provides an opportunity for everyone who is interested in musical art, to get a wide view of the diversity of modern and classical musical creativity, and the Ukrainian musicians and composers to realize themselves and their original culture in the context of common global processes.

The Music Fund of Ukraine over the years of its existence has become the cultural, social and public and legal center of the creative intelligentsia, where the development of national musical culture is being decided, the protection of copyright rights of composers and social and domestic problems (participation in the organization of creative concerts, festivals, provision of musical instrument , material assistance, health services and treatment TP). Today, thanks to the fruitful work of the new team of employees, Musfund, supported links with numerous musicians, creative associations of many countries of the world, began to appear new trends in the development and development of Ukrainian musical culture and legal protection of copyright and related rights.

The main purpose of the activities of the Music Fund of Ukraine is to ensure the full implementation of the multi-faceted creativity of the members of the Union of Composers of Ukraine, the creation of proper socio-living conditions. In creative activity, the Music Fund of Ukraine carries out: · Promoting composers and musicists in the promotion of their creative activity; · Organization of the first audition, consultation, ensuring creative business trips, census and replication of manuscripts; · Financing assistance activities in improving professional skill of composers and musicologists; · Financing orders for writing by young composers and music museums; · Organization of competitions for the creation of musical works of various genres; · Appointment of annual awards of the Ukrainian Music Fund to the best works of individual genres, the best music studies covering modern processes and musical heritage of Ukraine.

In social and domestic services, the Music Fund of Ukraine carries out: · Organization of consumer, medical and sanatorium-resort service of members of Musfund and their families; - provision of legal aid; · Selection of cash loans for writing new works; - provision of material assistance; · Solving issues of improving housing conditions.

From June 1991, by decision of the Board of the Union of Composers of Ukraine, the "notes" shop moved into submission to the centermzineform. At the end of 1956, a residential building on the street was built at the means of the Union of Composers in Kiev. Sofievskaya, 16/16 with a built-in in it on the first floor and basement of non-residential premises for the placement of the Music Fund of Ukraine of the National Union of Composers of Ukraine. For 45 years of exploitation of the house, he scored the status of the "Monument of History", where numerous memorial plates are established by the famous composers: L. M. Revutvsky, Plato Mayborod, Andrei Olkhovsky.

Almost 50-year-old activities of the Music Fund of Ukraine, the presence of numerous regulatory acts makes it possible to obtain a reliable and sustainable existence of the Music Fund of Ukraine. The development and rise of national musical culture is not possible without financial resources. And the receipt of financial resources to the Musfund is impossible without hard and painstaking work on the collection of funds for their further refinancing into the social programs of the Fund, as well as: considerable rule-making work. Therefore, the process of implementing the program of activity of the music fund is underway.

In addition, now Muflond, together with the Ukrainian Agency for Copyright and Related Rights, introduces new areas of the fund's activities: - Collection of deductions to the Music Fund for the use of musical works; - Collective management of property copyright and related rights when using works and objects of related rights in digital networks (including on the Internet). Everyone understands that all these processes are associated with the solution of many problems. However, without this it is impossible to effectively engage in collective management in the field of copyright and related rights.

The Ukrainian branch of the USSR Music Fund was created in the city of Kiev on September 20, 1939 in accordance with the Decree of the USSR SCS No. 1511 and the Charter of the USSR Music Fund, approved by the Board of the Union of USSR composers from September 1939. The Ukrainian branch of the USSR Music Fund was created to provide the provision of creative and household assistance to the members of the Muchfund, who lived in the territory of the Ukrainian Republic. Due to the fact that the pre-war archival documents were not preserved, then the other information on the activities of the Ukrainian branch of the USSR Musdund for the period from 1939 to 1942 are absent. On February 10, 1958, the Board of the Union of Composers of the USSR was approved by the new charter of the Ukrainian branch of the USSR Muself, on the basis of which the department operates.

The main task of the Ukrainian branch of the Musdund of the USSR was to promote the creative activity of members of the Music Fund, improving their material, domestic and cultural situation. The Ukrainian branch of the USSR Mosfund was found: · Promoting composers and musicograms in their creative activity when creating all species and genres of musical, as well as music units, listening, organizing creative business trips, providing returned loans, irrevocable help, notes census, etc. ; - providing assistance in improving the qualifications of composers and musicologists and an increase in their creative skills; · Popularization of the works of composers; · Organization of cultural and health and sanatorium-resort service of members of the Musdund of the USSR, as well as members of their families; · Conduct activities to improve the housing conditions of members of the USSR Muself; - provision of legal aid, etc. The Ukrainian department is given right in the prescribed manner to build and contain residential buildings, houses of creativity of composers, holiday homes, sanatoriums, music stores, printing houses and other enterprises.

The highest governing body, which carried out the leadership of the Ukrainian USSR office, was the Board, which was intended by the Board of the Union of Composers of the Ukrainian SSR. The Ukrainian branch of the USSR Musdund subordinate directly to the Board of the USSR Mosfund, who has provided estimates and reports on its activities on time, as well as the conclusion of the Audit Commission of the Union of Composers of the Ukrainian SSR. The Ukrainian branch of the USSR Musdund had his own seal, the sample of which was established by the USSR Muftond with the addition of the name of the Ukrainian branch of the USSR Muself. The Ukrainian branch of the USSR Musdund was an economic organization and had its estimate. Ukrainian branch of the USSR Musdund is a little subordinate regional offices in the cities of Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Lviv, Odessa, Simferopol, Kharkov.

In addition, in his submission, a little revolor house of creating composers, a residential building in Kiev (the former street Kalinina (now - Sofievskaya, 16/16), production plant and a music store. In early 1963 to March 1964, under the jurisdiction of the Ukrainian department of Muzford The USSR was located a factory of music seal, which was subsequently transferred to the State Committee of the SSR SSR on the press. All subordinate enterprises, with the exception of a residential building, which were on an independent balance sheet.

On January 16, 1967, the Secretariat of the Board of the Union of Composers of the USSR approved the instructions on the procedure for spending funds for the provision of creative and household assistance to members of the Muself. In this manual it was assumed that the help that Mufunde was granted should not be a charitable nature, so extremely creatively active composers and musicians can count on it, as well as those members of the Muselffund, from different reasons do not work, but whose creative activity has or has public value. The size of the loans and the deadline for their return are determined depending on the nature of the works, as well as on the conditions of the creative work and the material situation of the Music Fund. Vouches in the house of creativity were provided to members of the Musflow for working on a specific musical work and music-friendly works that had a great ideological and artistic and social importance. Member Muchford could receive a creative business trip for up to 1.5 months through the department. Business trips were provided: · for collecting materials to create new works; · To collect and write samples of popular musical creativity; · For creative reports and ideas of new musical works and music units; · To obtain consultation when working on new works. · To work together with musical theaters and concert organizations to create new musical works; · To participate in the plenums of the Board of the Union of Composers, meetings and conferences convened by the Union of Composers, etc. During the period of the Ukrainian branch, the Musdund of the USSR remained archival documentary materials that have a certain historical, scientific and reference value.

In June 1987, according to the order, the Muchford of the USSR No. 73 of June 29, 1987, the propaganda department was allocated from the Ukrainian branch and the Ukrainian Republican Office of the Center for Music Information (Tsentmazinform) was created on its basis. By that time, the subordinate organizations of the Musical Fund of Ukraine were the production plant, the house of creativity of composers "Vorsel" and the store "Notes".

In November 1989, the Ukrainian Department of the USSR Music Fund was renamed the Music Fund of the Ukrainian SSR. Such rename was associated with organizational-structural changes in the Union of Composers of the USSR - the formation of a voluntary federal association of alliances of composers of the Union republics, composer organizations of Moscow, Leningrad and Kiev, providing these unions of economic independence and in connection with the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian Soviet Declaration on the state sovereignty.

With Ukraine's gains of independence in August 1991, the Music Fund of Ukraine exists today as an independent organization, obeys in its activities the National Union of Composers of Ukraine and the Board of the Music Fund of Ukraine.

Currently, there are 440 members in the ranks of the Union (271 composer and 169 musicologists). The work of many of them is a real national heritage, an intellectual and spiritual treasury of the Ukrainian people.

On a significant contribution of members of the Union of Composers in the development of national culture, the fact that among the members of the Union - 17 of the People's Artist of Ukraine, 54 of the Honored Artists of Ukraine, 16 winners of the National Prize of Ukraine named after Taras Shevchenko, 6 academics and 3 corresponding members of the Academy of Arts of Ukraine, 35 doctors of science, 59 professors, 20 winners of N. V. Lysenko Prize, 15 premium laureates. B. Lyatoshinsky, 15 winners of the premium. L. M. Revutsky, and the like. For special achievements, 10 artists were awarded a sign of the difference between the President of Ukraine, the Order of the Merit of III, 1 - the Order of Yaroslav Wise, 1 - the Order of Princess Olga.

The highest governing body of the National Union of Composers of Ukraine is the Congress, which convenes once every five years. Between the congresses of the Union, the Board led by the Chairman of the Board is headed.

The foundations of the entry into citizens of Ukraine to the NSKU are determined by the Charter of the Union. According to him, the NSO members may be composers and musicologists - professionals with a special higher education whose creative activity, having independent artistic and scientific value, contributes to the development of the national musical culture of Ukraine.

Every year, the National Union of Composers of Ukraine in close cooperation with the Ministry of Culture and Arts of Ukraine is conducting a large number of cultural events - festivals, forums, competitions, concert cycles, anniversary evenings, as well as symposia, conferences, seminars, creative meetings, etc.

Thanks to the fruitful efforts of the Union of Composers of Ukraine, an international festival movement in Ukraine in the field of academic music was established, which brought national musical art to the world orbit.

Since 1990, 17 international festivals "Kiev Muzik Fest" (the main festival of modern academic music in our country) were held (the main festival of modern academic music in our country), 9 international music forums, 16 festivals "Music Premieres of the Season". All of them received world recognition. The international festival of avant-garde music "Two days and two nights" also enjoy great success with the listeners, that every spring passes in Odessa, the Lviv Festival of Modern Music "Contrasts", Music Holidays in Kharkov, Donetsk, Drohobych, Kolomy, Dnepropetrovsk, Uzhgorod, etc.

The union of composers is actively working on international brine exchange. Representatives of almost all European countries, as well as the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, Latin American countries, Israel, Lebanon take part in the above events. On the other hand, in these countries, Ukrainian modern music is increasingly sounds, which is now increasingly aware of the Nevitan, the original phenomenon of global culture.

Constant care and the subject of special attention of the Union is creative youth. As the Union of Young Music Forum, the creative potential of young composers of Ukraine is extremely large. This is evidenced by high artistic results, demonstrated by young members of the Union at prestigious international composer competitions in Switzerland, Austria, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Poland, China, Japan, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia and other countries.

A powerful music-friendly detachment of the Union is actively working, making its permanent contribution to the development of the fundamental directions of music generalic sciences, opening the public forgotten or deliberately withdrawn from the cultural history of Ukraine, exploring the modern musical process, engaged in broad publicistic and educational work.

The National Union of Composers of Ukraine over the years has been and remains a unique, actively operating creative organization, which is doing everything possible to maintain the national professional composer school at the high global level. Working in close contact with government organizations and institutions, the National Union of Composers of Ukraine significantly affects the process of cultural development of a civilized Ukrainian state, the preservation and development of national cultural traditions, an increase in the international prestige of Ukrainian music, the formation of spiritual ideals of our people.

Statistical information

The total members of the National Union of Composers of Ukraine as of April 1, 2008 - 440

Composers - 271, musicologists - 169

Age composition

From 25 to 30 years - 25

From 30 to 40 years - 48

From 40 to 50 years old - 99

From 50 to 60 years - 108

From 60 to 70 years old - 87

More than 70 years - 57

MUSICAL EDUCATION

With higher - 440

Honorary titles, awards and premiums:

Awarded:

The Order of Prince Yaroslav Wise in Art. - 1, the Order of Princess Olga III century. - 1, the Order "For Merit" III Art. - 10, the Order of St. Prince Vladimir III Art. - 5, the Order of St. Varvars of the Velikomarters - 3, the Order of Nicholas the Wonderworker "For the Moving of Good on Earth" - 1, the Order of St. Stanislav III degree - 1, the Order of the "Honor Sign" - 3, the Order of St. ArchReart Mikhail - 1, Order " Cossack glory "III century. - one

People's Artist of Ukraine - 17

Honored Artist of Ukraine - 54

Honored Art Worker of Russia - 1, Honored Worker of Arts of the Republic of Moldova - 1, Honored Artist of the Republic of Kazakhstan - 1, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine - 1, Honored Artist of Ukraine - 2, Honored Artist of Russia - 1, Honored Worker of Culture of Ukraine - 5 , Honored Journalist of Ukraine - 1, "Man of the Year - 2002" - 1, "Man of the Year - 2003" - 1

Laureates:

National Award of Ukraine named after Taras Shevchenko - 16 Laureate of Gorky Prize - 20 Winner of the Boris Lyatoshinsky Prize - 15 Laureate of the Prize named after L. N. Revutsky - 15 Prize winner V.S. Prize Kosenko - 6 Winner of the Award named M. Verikovsky - 3 Laureate of the Leo Vitoshinsky Prize - 4 Winner of the Ivan Ogeenko Prize - 2 Winner of Vernadsky Prize - 2 Winner of the Kiev Prize (named ASAF "Eve - 1 Prize winner. F. Wheels - 1 Laureate of the Awards named

Scientific degrees and scientific ranks:

Academician - 6 Corresponding Member - 3 Doctor Science - 35 Professor - 59 Candidate of Art History - 70 Associate Professor - 51

The governing bodies of the Union

• Head of the Union, Chairman of the Board,

First Secretary Stankovich Evgeny Fedorovich. Composer, Hero of Ukraine, People's Artist of Ukraine, Laureate of the National Prize of the Taras Shevchenko, Academician of the Academy of Arts of Ukraine.

Co-chairman of the Union

Skirik Miroslav Mikhailovich

Composer, Hero of Ukraine, People's Artist of Ukraine, Laureate of the National Prize of the Taras Shevchenko, Academician of the Academy of Arts of Ukraine.

• Secretary.

National Union

Composers of Ukraine

Neeva Tamara Sergeevna

musicologist, doctor of art philosophy. Responsible secretary, secretary of government on organizational and creative issues.

• Dichko Lesya Vasilyevna

composer, People's Artist of Ukraine, Winner of the National Prize named after Taras Shevchenko. Secretary of Board on creative issues. Engaged in creative issues, developing concert programs of festivals, forums, creative meetings, anniversary evenings. Represents the Board of the Union in the Board of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, various organizing committees, jury, advice, etc.

• Lyashenko Gennady Ivanovich

composer, People's Artist of Ukraine, Professor. Secretary of Board on creative issues. Engaged in creative issues, developing concert programs of festivals, forums, creative meetings, anniversary evenings. Represents the Board of the Union in various organizing committees, jury, councils, and the like. Provides a permanent connection with the performing teams, philharmones, other artistic institutions.

• Oleinik Lesya Stepanovna

musician, Candidate of Art History, Associate Professor, Secretary General of the National Committee of the International Music Council of UNESCO. Secretary of the Board on Foreign Relations. Ensures issues of international relations related to the popularization of creativity of Ukrainian composers in the world, creative contacts with foreign composers, teams of performers and music-friendly institutions. Supports relationships with foreign embassies in Ukraine on issues of cultural cooperation, as well as various types of funds. Represents the National Union of Composers of Ukraine in the International Cultural Organization - UNESCO.

• Pilyutikov Sergey Yuryevich

composer. Secretary of Board to work with creative youth. Dear work with creative youth, incl. Those who are preparing to join the Union. Heads the Directorate and the creative and organizational work to hold the International Festival "Forum of Young Music". Organizes and conducts an international competition of young composers "Gradus Ad Parnassum", master classes, seminars, creative laboratories with leading Ukrainian and foreign masters of modern music. Carries out the art leadership of the youth ensemble of the new music "Ricoles". He is engaged in the establishment of creative ties with international and domestic youth centers, organizations, unions, funds, etc.

• Taranenko Ivan Ivanovich

composer. Secretary of the Board on Intellectual Property and Advertising Activity. It carries out overall work on intellectual property, coordination of the work of public organizations that manage copyright and related rights, along with the Department of Intellectual Property, regulating the legal relations of the subjects of copyright and related rights in Ukraine. Provides coverage of activities NSKI, various programs and projects with television, radio, Internet, periodic publications, etc.

• Shcherbakov Igor Vladimirovich

composer, Honored Artist of Ukraine, Winner of the National Prize named after Taras Shevchenko, Associate Professor. Chairman of the Board of the Kiev Organization NSKU.

• STETSYUN Nikolay Grigorievich

composer, Honored Artist of Ukraine. Chairman of the Board of Charivski organization NSKI.

• Falcon Alexander Viktorovich

musicologist, doctor of art history, Honored Artist of Ukraine, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Higher School of Ukraine. Chairman of the Board of the Odessa Organization NSKO.

• Tricachenko Carmell Semenovna

composer, Honored Artist of Ukraine, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor. Member of the Board of the Odessa Organization NSKU.

• Mamonov Sergey Alekseevich

composer, Honored Artist of Ukraine, Professor. Chairman of the Board of Donetsk Organization NSK

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Music is one of the characteristic features of the Ukrainian people.

Music in Ukraine appeared during the times of Kievan Rus and in its development covers almost all types of musical art - folk and professional, academic and popular music. Today, a variety of Ukrainian music sounds in Ukraine and far beyond its limits, develops in folk and professional traditions, is the subject of scientific research.

folk music

Starting period of development

Music traditions on the territory of modern Ukraine exist from prehistoric times. The musical instruments found by the Kiev archaeologists found by Kiev archaeologists - crackers from the muscier of the mammoth date the 18 millennium BC. In addition, the flutes found at the parking lot of young people in the Chernivtsi region.

On the frescoes of Sofia Kyiv (XI century), musicians playing on different brass, drums of strings (similar to harp and lute) tools are depicted, as well as dancing chomori. These frescoes indicate the genres of the diversity of the musical culture of Kievan Rus. By the XII century include chronicle mentions of the singers of Boyan and Mitus.

In general, primitive music had a syncretic character - a song, dance and poetry were merged and most often accompanied the rites, ceremonies, a labor process, etc. In the presentation of people, music and musical instruments played an important role of faiths during spells and prayers. In music, people saw protection from unclean strength, from bad sleep, from the evil eye. There were also special magical melodies to ensure the fertility of the soil and fertility of livestock.

Soloists and other singers began to stand out in the primitive game. The development of primitive music and became the source from which folk musical culture arose. This music has gave rise to national musical systems and national peculiarities of the music language.

On the practice of a folk song, which existed in the most ancient times in Ukraine, can be judged by the old ritual songs. Many of them reflect the whole worldview of the primitive man, and reveals its attitude towards nature and natural phenomena.

The original national style is fully represented by the songs of the Central Dnieper. They are characterized by melodic ornamental, vocalization of vowels. Communications with Belarusian and Russian folklore are brightly traced in Folklore Polesia.

Special song styles developed in Carpathians in Carpathians. They are defined as Gutsulsky and Lemkovsky dialects.

Ukrainian folk songs are divided into many diverse genres, which are inherent in certain signs. In this sense, the most typical genres of Ukrainian songs are:

• Calendar ritual - Westerns, Shchedriats, Hails, Carols, Kupali, France and Other

• Family rituals and household- Wedding, comic, dance (including kolomiyki), chastushki, lullabies, funeral, bale, etc.

• Friend life - Chumatsky, Nymite, Burlats, etc.;
• Historical songs and duma
• Soldier's life - Recruit, soldiers, Streletsky;
• Lyrical songs and ballads.

Duma and historical songs

In the XV-XVI centuries, historical dooms and songs became one of the most vivid phenomena of Ukrainian folk music, a kind of symbol of national history and culture.

The creators and performers of historical songs and the Duma, Psalms, Kantov called Kobzaryami. They played on cobbz or banduras, which became an element of the national heroic-patriotic epic, freedom-loving nature and purity of moral thoughts of the people.

Huge attention in the minds addressed the struggle against the Turks and Poles. The "Tatar" cycle includes such well-known Duma as "about the cat's self-caught", "about three Azov brothers", "about a storm on the Black Sea", "about Marius Boguslavka" and others. In the "Polish" cycle, the events of the People's Liberation War are central to the central place, the folk heroes - Necha, Krivonos, Khmelnitsky occupy a special place. Later, new cycles of the Duma appeared - about the Swedchin, about the sweets and its destruction, about the work on the channels, about Gaidamatchin, about Painches and Will.

Already in the XIV-XVII and XVIII centuries, Ukrainian musicians became famous outside Ukraine. Their names can be found in the chronicles of those times among the court musicians, including at the courtyard of Polish kings and Russian emperors. The most famous Kobzari - Timofey Belogradsky (famous butterist, XVIII century), Andrei Sudne (XIX century), Ostap Veshesy (XIX century), etc.

Folk musicians united in the Brotherhood: songs, which had their charter and defended their interests. Especially these fraternities have evolved in the XVII-XVIII century, and existed until the very beginning of the 20th century, up to the destruction of their Soviet power.

Tool folklore and folk instruments

An important place in the Ukrainian musical culture is the instrumental folklore. Music instruments of Ukraine and very rich and diverse. It includes a wide range of windows, strings and percussion instruments. A significant part of Ukrainian folk musical instruments comes from the tools of times of Russia, other tools (for example, violin) began on Ukrainian soil, later, although they were the basis of new traditions and features of execution.

The most ancient layers of the Ukrainian instrumental folklore are associated with calendar holidays and rites, which were accompanied by a march (marches for processions, congratulatory marches) and dance music (gophary, kozachka, kolomiyk, shelves, wals, doves, arcanes, etc.) and song tool music for hearing. Traditional ensembles most often consisted of Troks tools, such as violins, snacks and a tambourine. Music performance also provides for definite improvisation.

During prayers in household conditions (in the house, on the street, near the Church), Liru, Cobzu and Bandura were often used for the accompaniment to Kantans and Psalms.

In the times of the Zaporizhia SECHE, the troops of Zaporizhia sounded in the orchestra, the drums, Cossack antimony and pipes, and the Litales were among the Claynoks of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, that is, there were among the symbols of Cossack statehood.

Instrumental music has also become an integral part of urban culture. In addition to nationwide tools, such as violins and strokes, urban culture is represented by instruments such as table-like hussli, citra, Torban. Under their accompaniment, sang magnificent songs, urban songs and romances, religious chants.

Ukrainian folklore

In the 20th century, many professional and amateur groups of Ukraine were treated to the topic of Ukrainian folklore, ensembles were also created in the emigrant circles of foreign countries. Characteristic feature of the presentation of folklore traditions in forms of academic musication was characteristic.

So, at the beginning of the 20th century, the Ukrainian ensemble of ethnic music led by Pavel Gumenyuk from Philadelphia was popular in the United States. Ukrainian traditions have been preserved in the work of such Ukrainian-American musicians from New York, Cleveland, Detroit, Yak Zinovy \u200b\u200bShtokalko, Grigory CHATIC, Julian China, Victor Mishalov, etc.

Many teams were also created in Soviet Ukraine, which specialized in the processings of Ukrainian folk songs and dances, as well as on the works of Ukrainian composers in a similar style: orchestras of the folk instruments of Ukraine, the ensembles of the song and dance, folk choirs, etc.

The Ukrainian folk song formed the basis of the works of many Ukrainian composers. The most famous treatments of Ukrainian songs belong to N. Lysenko and N. Leontovich, a significant contribution to the study and the collection of folk creativity made domestic folklorists - Filaret Wheel, Clement Kvitka.

Since the 1980s There is an increase in interest in the authentic forms of people's muscy. The pioneers of this area considered the group founded in 1979, headed by Professor of the Kiev Conservatory E. Efremov. In 2000, such festivals of ethnic music arose in Ukraine, as"Kraina Mriy"I."Sheshory."Where folk music sounds both in authentic design and in a variety of rock or pop directions.The organizers of the festival "Sheshora" decided to give their demands a new name - "Artpol". The fact is that since 2003 the festival was held in the village of Sheshory Ivano-Frankivsk region, but since 2007 settled in the village of Worobiyevka (Vinnitsa region). "In recent years, the festival began to move away from the purely ethnic style, in which Sheshory was born, so we decided that it was time to emphasize the new face of our festival, changing following the format and its name. In addition, it is more correctly in relation to To those, the present, geographical slas, who remained in the Ivano-Frankivsk region, "said Artpol-2009 festival director Olga Mikhaylek.

Among the modern groups of authentic singing should be called the groups "Bovichi", "Volodar", "Butty". Ethnic motifs are used by groups of Tartak, "Vydoplyasov", "Mandri", "Gaidamaki", "Kit's sketching", the original laying of elements offers the Dahabraha group.

Formation of professional music

There are news on the professional musical art of East Slavic tribes since the times of Russia. With the adoption of Christianity at the end of the 15th century, church singing appeared on the territory of modern Ukraine, which was formed under the influence of the Byzantine and Slavic folk music. In the XII-XVII centuries, a single-haired "bad barbecue" was spread in Orthodox churches, which also significantly affected the work of composers of subsequent eras.

XVII - XVIII century

In the Baroque era, many-rowing banner singing came to replace one-headed banner singing, which contributed to the development of the major-minor system, and on the basis of which the style of a spiritual concert developed. Among the prominent musical figures of that time - Nikolai Diletsky, author of Musician grammar (1675).

An important event of that time was the discovery of the Kiev-Mogilyan Academy in 1632, where, among others, musical objects were taught. Pupils of the Academy were popularized by the Vertips, and later - Kanta. Among the graduates of the Academy there were many artists, including composers of Grigory Skovorod, Artyohmy Vella.

Secular professional vocal and instrumental music, which existed in the landlord estates and military units, began to develop in cities in the XVII century. Tsehi musicians appeared, and orchestras and chapels were created during magistrates. Based on People's Song and Cant Traditions in the XVIII - early XIX centuries, the romance song was distributed to the poems of different poets. One of the first in this genre began to create Grigory Skovorod, who introduced civil, philosophical and lyrical topics into the song genre.

Of particular importance in the Ukrainian musical culture of the XVIII century was created on the initiative of Daniel Apostle in 1730, the Glukhovsky Light School, the pupil of which Dmitry Borttyansky became the pupil, Maxim Berezovsky and Arteimi Vella. At the end of the Glukhovskaya school, Bortneyansky and Berezovsky continued their training in Italian music schools, which were centers of European music of that time.

The unification of the traditions of parties singing and modern techniques of the European Letter led to the uniqueness of creativity of these composers. Becoming a court dropper in St. Petersburg, and since 1796 - the head of the court chapel, formed almost exclusively from the pupils of the Glukhovsky school, Burgretyansky was very influenced by the development of Russian musical culture. He became the first composer of the Russian Empire, whose musical works began to go into print.

XIX - early XX century

The XIX century in the history of music was marked by the release of many national schools to the world arena, which was associated with the growth of the national self-consciousness of European peoples. Following the Polish and Russian, the Ukrainian National Composite School appeared.

Following Ukrainian writers and poets, the professional musicians of the XIX century began to turn to popular topics, to process folk songs that were performed by talented amateurs, accompanied by folk instruments - Kobza, Bandura, Tsimbal, Violin, Lyra, etc. At the beginning of the XIX century, in Ukrainian music appeared The first symphonic and chamber-instrumental works, among the authors of which - I. M. Vitkovsky, A. I. Galenkovsky, Ilya and Alexander Lizoguba.

The foregoing for the development of national professional music was the activities of Nikolai Lysenko, who created classic samples of works in different genres: 9 operas, piano and instrumental, choral and vocal works, a work on the words of Ukrainian poets, including the words of Taras Shevchenko. He became the organizer of the music school in Kiev (1904; from 1918 - Music and Drama Institute. Lysenko).

At the beginning of the 20th century, the worldwide fame found the Pleiad of Ukrainian performers. Among them, singer Solomiy Kruzhelnitskaya, O. Petrurenko, Z. Gaidai, M. Litvinenko-Volgahemut, singers M. E. Mencinsky, A. F. Mishuga, I. Patorzhinsky, B. GMry, Pianist Vladimir Gorowitz, Choir Conductor A. A . Kositz. Outside of Ukraine, choral processing N. D. Leontovich became known.

For the period of the Ukrainian revolution (1917-1918), there is to create a number of art teams and the emergence of a new generation of Ukrainian cultural figures. The government of the Ukrainian Power consistently supported cultural life, including musical art, which is evidenced by the decision of the Council of Ministers on the mobilization of the literary, scientific, artistic and technical forces of Ukraine. Also by Decree Paul Skopadovsky in 1918, the State Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine, the first conductor of which was Alexander Horilan, Ukrainian State Chapel, First and Second National Choir. Kiev opera was renamed Ukrainian theater of drama and opera. A significant number of world famous operas was translated into Ukrainian. Also in 1918, Kobzar Choir was founded, later known as the National Honored Chapel of Bandurists of Ukraine. G. I. Mayboroda.

The arrival of Soviet power on the Earth of Ukraine was marked by several tragic events. In 1921, N. Lontovich was killed by Agent, and in 1928 the activities of the Company of his name was prohibited. In the 1930s, the Soviet government destroyed several hundred Bandurists, Cobzares and Lirnikov, and in 1938 the musician and ethnographer Gnat Hotkevich was shot. In general, the twentieth and thirties in Ukrainian culture are called "shot revival"

At the same time, the Soviet government has opened a number of music institutions in different cities of Ukraine. Among them are opera and ballet theaters in Kharkov (1925), Poltava (1928), Vinnitsa (1929), Dnepropetrovsk (1931), Donetsk (1941), choral and symphony teams.

Starting from the second half of the 1930s, the music art of Soviet Ukraine developed mainly in line with socialism, which became the only officially authorized creative method of literature and art in the USSR. Cultural figures that were separated from this method were brutal criticism and persecution.

At the same time, the mass Soviet song appeared in Ukraine, one of the first creators of which Konstantin Boguslavsky became. In the 1930s, the first operas of Soviet topics appeared, including "Shchors" B. Latoshinsky (1930), "Perekop" Y. Mateus (1937). Songs dedicated to the Communist Party and her leaders were entrenched in repertoires of professional and amateurs teams.

Significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian musical art. Composer and teacher Nikolai Vilinsky (student Vitold Malyshevsky), who worked first in Odessa, and then in the Kiev Conservatory.

In the post-war time among prominent Ukrainian composers - Grigory Verevka, Brothers Georgiy and Platon Mayboda, Konstantin Dankevich, A. Ya. Plegorneko, and others. Among famous performers - Ukrainian tenor Ivan Kozlovsky. A native of Kharkiv Claudia Shulzhenko became widely known for the execution of front songs.

The 1960s became the time of a breakthrough of the Ukrainian music school on the world arena, penetration into Ukrainian music of the newest areas of European music. The Kiev Avangard group was created in Kiev, which included Valentin Silvestrov, Leonid Grabovsky and Vitaly Godja. Due to discrepancies with the official music circles of the USSR, the members of the Kiev avant-garde, the members of the Kiev avant-garde succumbed to the pressure of various kinds, and therefore the group eventually broke up. The national school of vocal art was received. In parallel with the formation of pop music in Western countries, in Ukraine, as in other countries, the Council of the Sovietary pop. The creativity of Vladimir Ivasyuk, the author of more than 100 songs, whose life was tragically broke in 1979.

Among the songwriters of the songwriters of those years, A. I. Bіlash, V. Virimych, later - I. Karabitsa are also known. In the same years, the pop polishes were popular - Sofia Rotaru, Nazariy Yaremchuk, Vasily Zinkevich, Igor Belozir, Taras Petrinenko, Alla Kudlay and others.

Modern music

Inheritance from the USSR Ukraine received an extensive system of educational and concert musical organizations, which are managed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism Ukraine. Among them:

Theaters

* Opera theaters in Kiev, Kharkov, Lvov, Odessa, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk

* Theaters of the musical comedy in Kharkov and Odessa, as well as theater operetta in Kiev

* Children's Music Theater in Kiev

Concert institutions

* National Philharmonic and Philharmonic in all regional centers of Ukraine,

* Houses of organ and chamber music in Kiev, Dnepropetrovsk, White Church, Lviv, and Kharkov

* Palaces of culture and cultural houses in many cities of Ukraine.

Music educational institutions

Training of professional maubes are carried out:

* Conservatory (Music Academy) in Kiev, Odessa, Lviv, Donetsk, Dnepropetrovsk

* Music faculties in Kharkov University of Art and Kiev University of Culture

* Music colleges in different cities of Ukraine.

Concert collectives

As of 2008, 9 national and 2 state collectives are operating in Ukraine. Of these, 10 are in Kiev and one - in Odessa:

* National Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine

* National Odessa Philharmonic Orchestra

* National Honored Academic Chapel of Ukraine "Dumka"

* National Honored Academic Ukrainian People's Choir. Gregory Rope

* National Honored Capella Bandurists by Ukraine. G. I. Mayboroda

* National Soloist Ensemble "Kyivka Camerat"

* National Honored Academic Dance Ensemble of Ukraine. P.P. Worse

* National Orchestra of People's Instruments of Ukraine

* National Academic Duma Orchestra of Ukraine

* State estate-symphony orchestra of Ukraine

* State academic men's choral chapel of Ukraine. L. Revutsky

In addition, there are many municipal groups, teams with regional philharmonic, households of organ and chamber music, etc.

Musical associations

Two creative musical unions have national status:

* National Union of Composers of Ukraine and

* National All-Ukrainian Music Union

Popular music

Almost all musical directions are presented on the modern Ukrainian scene: from Folka to Acid Jazz. Club culture is actively developing. Many Ukrainian pop performers - Sofia Rotaru, Irina Bilyk, Alexander Ponomarev, VIA Gra, Ruslan, Ani Lorak, Nadezhda Granovskaya-Meikher, Alyona Vinnitskaya, Anna Sedokova, Svetlana Loboda, Vera Brezhneva Galushka, Verka Serduchka - have long gained popularity outside Ukraine, especially in the CIS. Popular music is represented at the festivals of "Chervon Ruta", "Tavria Igry", "Seagull" and others.

Artists from Ukraine adequately represented Ukraine at Eurovision contests. So Ruslan, which synthesized the Carpathian folklore motifs in his music, became the winner of the Eurovision Contest 2004, and won the right to hold the next contest - Eurovision-2005. On Eurovision-2007 Verka Serduchka ranked second.

Also develops Ukrainian rock music. Among the most famous groups - "Ocean Elzy", "Vyanі Vіdoplyasov", "Torok on the Maidan Congo", "Krichіtka Tsakhes", "Scriabіn", "Tartak", "Plachy", "Who down", Badlov, "Lama" (Lama). Ukrainian rock festivals "Rock Ekzistentsia", "Taras Bulba" and others are regularly held.

Purely vocal ensembles are becoming popular and pure vocal ensembles, such as the Pickardian Terment and Mensound. Presented in Ukraine and the art of jazz - international festivals of jazz music are held in different cities of the country, among them are most famous - Jazz Bez Ta Jazz Koktebel. Significant contribution to the popularization of the jazz movement in Ukraine was made by Vladimir Simonenko and Alexey Kogan.

The trend of using folklore with modern Ukrainian performers is becoming more expressive. One of the first folk motifs in rock music began to use in the second half of the 1980s, the group "Vychlі Vіdoplyasov". Based on the folk basis, new original music creates the Scriabin groups, "Mandri", "Gaidamaki", performers of Taras Chuby, Maria Burmaka and many others. Evidence of the growth of interest in folklore was the foundation in Ukraine of two festivals of ethnic music - "Krai Mriy" in Kiev and "Sheshora" in Ivano-Frankivsk.

Labels

In the late 1990s - early 2000s, a number of music labels were created in Ukraine, including Gallicia Distribution (Lviv), Lavina Music., Origen Music, Moon Records, Nexsound (Kiev), Metal Scrap Production (Ternopil), OMS Records (Zhytomyr), Wolf Song Production (Dnepropetrovsk) and others.

Competition Ukrainian labels in the domestic market is the main players of the world audio engineering - Majori Universal, Emi, Sony / BMG, Warner. The Ukrainian musical carrier market in 2005 amounted to about 10 million licensed discs and cassettes, the fight against piracy led to the fact that the share of pirated products in the Ukrainian market is up to 40% (in Western European countries - 10-15%).

ru.wikipedia.org.

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East Slavic tribes, from which Ukrainians occur, of course, had the ability to music. In the lands of modern Ukraine, initial musical instruments were found, whose age consists of three to twenty thousands of thousands of years. The high level of musical culture was noted - a powerful feudal state of the IX-XII centuries. On the frescoes of the Sofia Cathedral in Kiev, we still see the image of musicians playing on flute, pipes, lute, pneumatic organ. In the chronicles and legends, singers-Huslari Boyan, OR, Mitus are mentioned.

The Tatar-Mongol invasion has long interrupted the cultural process. However, already in the XIV - XVI centuries, in the era of the formation of the Ukrainian nation, there is a rapid development of music. Since then, the national (and therefore the world) culture has been enriched with such original genres of folk creativity, as a historic Duma, Cossack songs, peasant dance songs, dance naples and the like. It was a significant contribution of Ukrainians to the universal treasury.

From the Duma to the Opera

Indeed, in those distant years, Ukrainian singers and Bandurists often performed on entertainment at the courtyards of the Polish kings and Russian kings, under the authority of which, respectively, the Western and Eastern regions of Ukraine were then. Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, and later, the Ukrainians soldiers in the Russian troops spread their tunes in many European countries. Thus, the Ukrainian dance "Cossack" entered the French ballets of the mid XVIII century. Echo of Ukrainian lyrical song to hear in one of the Baha Preludes.

Beethoven used for piano variations a melody of the song "Cossack for Danube". The sheet wrote two paraphrase into Ukrainian themes - the Ballad "oh do not go, Gritzu" and "Complaint" on the melody "Very the winds".

Naturally, Russian composers - Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Roman Corsakh treated to Ukrainian Melosu. Their operas, symphonic and chamber works, where real or stylized Ukrainian melodies were used, received worldwide recognition. Polish composers (Mingheimer, M. Saltis) were created on the Ukrainian topics.

Favorite songs and dances were the basis of the folk operas, operetta, the drams that numerous amateur theatrical groups traveled throughout. Among the classic samples - the Opera "Zaporozhets for the Danube" of a talented singer and composer of Gulak-Artemovsky (he studied and performed in Italian theaters), as well as Natalka-Poltavka in the music editorial office of Nikolai Lysenko. Already at the end of the XIX - early XX century, these operas successfully walked in Europe, and the latter - and over the ocean. Nikolai Lysenko - the founder of the national composer school - collected, processed and promoted the folk song, introduced it into different musical genres. This case was developed by his followers - Stanislav Lyudkevich, Kirill Stetsenko, Yakov Steppe, Nikolay Leontovich and others. The outstanding chorus of Leontovich "Shchedrich", with his counterpunctic supplement, was greatly popular. In particular, he enters the program of the famous octet "Swing Si-Hers", which exists in a variety of transcriptions.

People's song Melos in combination with traditions of classical music defines the originality of the Ukrainian national opera. The range of the opera genres is from the heroic-historical "Taras Bulba" Nikolai Lysenko and, in the New Time, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Konstantin Dankevich to the Lyrico-dramatic in the direction of works on modern themes - "Young Guard" Yulia Meytusa (this thing was set at one time In many theaters of Eastern Europe, in Vietnam, etc.) and "Milani" George Mayboroda.

The rich capabilities of the folk song in the field of dramatic symphony is revealed by Lviv Revutsky, Boris Lyatoshinsky, Andrey Strelkhanko. Their works are increasingly more confident to the expanses of world music.

Variety of songs and dance

Folklore influences directly or indirectly reflected on the original songwork of modern composers, including the most popular of them - both in Ukraine and abroad - Plato Mayboards, Igor Shamo, Vladimir Ivasyuk, Alexander Bilasha. It is known, for example, that the lyrical romance "Native My" P. Mayborodi was performed by various singers in many languages \u200b\u200bof the world, including on Japanese.

In Ukraine, the art of choral singing - the national, church, academic, and these traditions, somehow, was developed, were developed. A triumphal success was accompanied by tour in France (1929) by the State Ukrainian Wandering Chapel ("Thought") under the leadership of Nestor Gorodovko. The world glory has gained the choir Alexander Koshitsa, who gave many touring concerts in Western Europe, USA, Canada, Australia.

The State Ukrainian People's Choir, organized during World War II, Gregory Rope (his name is assigned to this team), climbed to a new level, and under the leadership of Anatoly Avdeevsky Choir, whose composition is complemented by orchestral and dance groups, gave hundreds of concerts on tour in all continents. The critic of the Spanish newspaper enthusiastically wrote that "when the country wants to stand on guard of his culture, she should follow the work of the choir named the rope, making it with the same love."

The state ensemble of national dance of the Ukrainian SSR under the control of Pavle Wesky is not less popular in the world. According to the newspaper "Vordani", this ensemble "surpasses other teams of dance acrobatics, the coherence, which captures the spirit ..." In the dancing of an ensemble with a large taste and artistic brilliance, scenes are played out of the old and modern life of Ukraine. Under the direct influence of the ensemble, a dance ensemble "Zaporizhzhya Cossacks" in France (head - Grehuhur Lagosyuk) was created. A lot of amateur groups, participants in various types of international folklore festivals enjoy success.

Ukraine, rich in beautiful voices, has long been "supplied" of his singers to neighboring peoples and countries (in particular for court chapels in St. Petersburg XVIII-XIX century), where the singers were driving to study in Italy. So the fate of Borotansky, Berezovsky, Gulak-Artyomovsky and Nikolai Ivanov has developed.

At the end of the 19th - early XX century, Ivan Lixed, Ivan Lixed (soloist of the Paris "Grand Opera" in 1908-1910), Plato Craisch, who toured along Europe with Fedor Shalyapin.

The famous Solomia Kruzhelnitsky is rightfully ranked with five outstanding singers of that time. She saved his talent by Opera Bucchini Madame Batterfly, was one of the best performers operas Wagner, R. Strausa. "How many modern singers should learn from the Ukrainian to the skill of the declamation", her voice "is not equal," said the masted Italian singer and teacher J. Lauri-Volpy. In the history of the world opera, the names and such outstanding singers will remain forever, soloists of the best European theaters, as Alexander Mishuga, Modest Mentsinsky and Orest Rusnak. Subsequently distinguished the Ivan Patorshzhinsky, Maria Litzhenko-Volgaemut, Boris GMyr, Zoya Gaidai.

Despite all the diversity of the cultural relations of Ukraine with the world, the Ukrainian song or dance, opera or symphony would receive publicity and echo if not foreign Ukrainians living on all the continents of the planet. At various times, for various reasons, leaving Ukraine, they brought with her Shevchenkovsky "Kobzar" and Cossack Banduur. In both Americas, in Australia and in Europe, where they settled, new generations appeared, whose representatives often never have been to their sheds-great-grandfather. However, most of them sincerely loves Ukrainian music, which has become one of the main factors of national self-consciousness. Today it is difficult to find such a Ukrainian community in the world that would not have own choir, a musical ensemble or a dance mug.

As a rule, in such circles are not alone people of Ukrainian origin, but also representatives of other ethnic groups, which contributes to the popularity of Ukrainian music in one area or another. Ukrainian foreign amateur teams are always involved in the festivals of various rank. You can refer, for example, at the Mosaic festival, which is held in the city of Ridgein according to the multicultural policy adopted in Canada. Work in amateur groups generates their own composers, choseters and balletmaster, which often improve skill in Ukraine.

The legacy of Ukrainian music is inexhaustible, because it is constantly enriched. It is open to everyone, because it is not for nothing that says: "That I gave it, I saved."

P. S. Vintage chronicles are told: in the history of Ukrainian music, among other things, the national psychology of the Ukrainian people beaten. Probably psychologist Eduard Surzhik could conduct a study of the dependence of national psychology from the musical culture of this or that nation.

First of all, we note that the prehistory ukrainian music As such begins in Ukraine Soviet, in 1920-30, when it was originally based mainly in Kiev and Kharkov.

In large Ukrainian cities, theaters are beginning to open, philharmonic diseases are based, young composers resort to instrumental creativity and become sources ukrainian music. The pioneer, a large center, around which young composers began to accumulate, was a community named after Leontovich (1923). His Honorary Members: Leo Revutsky - Teacher of Compositions in Kiev, author of symphonies and many pianoanic works, Boris Lotoshinsky, Professor of the Kiev and Moscow Conservatory, Adepta modern, at that time, ukrainian music. Together, they literally brought up the pleiad of composers. In these years, Viktor Kosenko, Mikhail Verikivsky, Valentin Kostenko, Ignat Hotkevich, N. Fomenko, K. Boguslavsky and others were also created.

The period of the 30s was one of the most intense times for progress. ukrainian musicwhich sought to high professionalism and showed itself in absolutely similar stylistics. At the same time, theatrical musical art is developing and progresses a concert life. Education is actively unfolded, interest in the national known tool - Bandure is reborn. After 1930, music, like other plots of art, begin to interpret as a means of party propaganda. Composers are forced to stamp the solemn praising compositions - songs in honor of the Soviet Motherland, Party, Chiefs of Communism. At the same time, the totalitarian control over music. Government Decree 1932 Close the Association of Modern ukrainian musicuniting composers-innovators who focused on Western movements music, for example, jazz. Society them. M. Leontovich renamed and reformed the revolutionary commander musicians, operating up to 31 years, as well as created the Proletarian Association musicians Of Ukraine in 1928, which operated until 1932.

A life ukrainian music It also manifested itself in the development of opera theaters in large and small centers, like in Kharkov, Vinnitsa, Odessa, Dnepropetrovsk. The repertoire was mainly a traditional - Italian or German opera, but even then in Ukrainian.

Ukrainian music in the 40s - 50s

1941 - 1945 were inscribed in history ukrainian music As a period is complex and ambiguous. This, of course, is caused by historical events, which determined the essence and meaning and directions of the artistic process, stipulated genre dominants, to certain ideological, thematic and figurative spheres.

Beginning of VO. the war has become straightforwards ukrainian music and culture as a whole. Ukrainian artists I. musicians Fought on the fronts. A large number of executive teams, theaters, philharmonium, the faculty of many musical Educational institutions were evacuated in the Republic of USSR. In this way ukrainian music continued its further development - but in another national context, in another cultural atmosphere.

IN ukrainian music That time on full rights enters the folklore of the peoples of the USSR, intently and actively studied by composers and musicologists. The musical heritage of the Bashkir people attracted the attention of P. Kozitsky, Rope, the Kazakh folklore was reflected in the work of M. Skorulsky, Turkmen - in the works of Yu. Meyetus and A. Zno-Borovsky. Leading themes of works is the dominance of the idea of \u200b\u200ba single desire of victory, patriotic subjects, the themes of protecting the native land and cultural heritage.

Signs of musical life at the time becomes ultra-high creative activity of numerous amateurs teams, which covered the spirit of artistic creativity wide masses and attached them to the classical musical refinement. The level of performing skill of such teams was often high enough. Not a gift, a significant part of them received the well-deserved title of people and the opportunity to show their skills and art outside the state, get acquainted with musical Culture of abroad. Among the most popular professional teams of the time - the Academic Chapel of Bandurists of the Ukrainian SSR, the Ukrainian Choir of the Rope, the Team of People's Dance Dance, Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine, Choral Academic Chapel "Dumka", Lysenko Quartet and others.

The subject of the party, the happy Soviet life and socialist labor, the captured employment enthusiasm of the masses, while loses the status of canonical, but does not lose its significance. At the same time, all innovative searches in unofficially braked. Such duality was adequate to the atmosphere of the time in which the opposition was combined - the criticism of Stalinism - and the official - preservation of the foundation of the communist ideology.

Sixties B. ukrainian music.

"Sixtiets" dubbed a whole culture, a unique generation ukrainian and the Soviet intelligentsia and authors who intensively showed themselves in politics and culture of the 60s. These were the times of partial weakening of the totalitarian regime, the period that was later called Khrushchev thaw. The sixties then performed in defense of the Ukrainian language and culture, demanded freedom in art. Their mentality was formed on the basis of humanistic democratic Western traditions. They literally raised the interest of the population by their own cultural heritage. The sixties fixed their creativity to the visualization of existing problems of life, so to speak, painful questions, which were often preferable to be thickened. Some of the first sixties of Ukraine - Lina Kostenko and Vasily Simonenko.

1960s is a breakthrough ukrainian music, composer school on large arenas of the whole world, as well as the development and application of the last flows of Euro-culture. In Kiev, they formed a group of artists "Kiev Avangard", to which such well-known domestic figures were joined as Godlytsky Vitaly, Grabovsky Leonid, Silvestrov and others. The participants of this organization began to be oppressed and accounting by the authorities, as a result of which the organization broke up.

At about the same time, such composers as George and Platon Maybody, Dankevich K., Lyatoshinsky B., continue to create such a world of vocal art. Loud names ukrainian Opera scene: E. Miroshnichenko, Solovyanenko A., Rudenko B., Gnatyuk D.. One of the very significant events of that time is the formulation of the opera Shostakovich "Katerina Izmailov" (1965, Kiev).

Although Lotoshinsky Boris Nikolayevich has already completed creative activities, but he is also recorded in the sixties. After all, he taught and Grabovsky, Silvestrov, and Carabian, and Double, and Stankovich, who later became the sixties. When in the 1960s began the "iron curtain" to rise, the major information wave about music West. She began to admire her all. And Boris Nikolayevich created his famous fourth symphony. Lotoshinsky returned to the eternal ideas and the question of what is the truth, and gave a brilliant concept regarding the eternal cycle of life, embodying the idea of \u200b\u200bechoes of bells - an eternity symbol.

Ukrainian author music By little, it acquires the status of the brightest artistic phenomenon. In this genre, a very significant contribution to the development ukrainian music Made V. Ivasyuk (1949-1979) - a very famous sings and composer, the author of the legendary hits, as "I am in the distant burn", "Chervona Ruta", "Vodogray" and others. First of all, the tinstreat of the artist is based on folklore primary sources. By the way, the song "Chervon Ruta" gave the name to a large festival ukrainian music and songs.

Ukrainian music 70-80 years

Over these decades ukrainian music I experienced a rapid time before. He was the basis of its realities of Soviet life, those turns of history, the result of which was the period of the so-called thaw, liberalization, the revival of spiritual life, the exit from artificial insulation of sykoval art.

The artists of the "Older Generation" continue creative work - B. Lotoshinsky, Revutsky, Dankevich, Zhukovsky, Taranov, Klebanov. The "average" generation - K. Domingchen, the Brothers of Mayborod, V. Gomolyaki, I. Shamo, and others. Active activity at the junction of the 50-60s) begins .: Bibik, Belash, Buevsky, Grabowski , Ishchenko, Karabits, G. Lyashenko, Skirik, Zagortsev, Stankovich, Guba, Godjitsky, etc. It is thanks to these names, ukrainian music Espiring European Modernism.

70E and 80 e years have become a period of explosive development program musicwhich allowed to avoid any genre definitions and completely identify individual artistic aspirations. There were polyzhannov, in essence, the work - the synthesis of instrumental and vocal began both choral symphony, symphony-ballet.

During this period of fruitful development, education is obtained. The system of artistic education is significantly expanding: a network of children's and youth is actively formed. musical schools musical School. Their graduates receive higher education in the Kiev, Lviv, Odessa Conservatory, Kharkiv Institute of Arts, Kharkov Institute of Culture with the Kiev branch. In 1968, the independent Kiev Institute of Culture opens up Nikolaev and Rivne educational faculties.

The periodical edition of the collection of scientific works "Ukrainian musicology" (since 1964) is active. Since 1970, the publication of the magazine has been resumed Music", The magazine is printed" Folk creativity and ethnography ", in short, ukrainian music Gets additional let its development.

Ukrainian music in the 80s and 90s of the year

This period is the restructuring of the 80s., The collapse of the USSR, obtaining Ukraine of independence in the 90s. This period was marked by the emergence of new cultural trends. The changes that started in our country contributed to the resumption of the interrupted cultural and modernist tradition of the 20s and the democratization jet of the 60s. The main proportion of development ukrainian music And the Ukrainian art of this time becomes rethinking the established and search for new creative principles. The second half of the 80s. It is indicated by the appeal of domestic sociologists, cultural scientists, art historians to the concepts of Western culture, to renew the spiritual foundations of being, the revival of national traditions, acquires various forms of cultural dialogue between the socially owned and alternative types of thinking.

In the early 1990s, numerous non-state creative teams, voluntary societies of various kinds of destinations appear in Ukraine, a significant part of which very successfully begins to cooperate with foreign cultural and educational organizations and contributes to the introduction of Ukraine into world space.

An important means of understanding the processes occurring in ukrainian musicNumerous scientific conferences are made on the consideration of the new cultural and philosophical problems of musicology, theory issues and history of musical art, modern views on the system of training of music professionals, etc.

In the late 80s, Ukraine began to organize musical festivals, whose programs make up the works of various stylistic branches, on which works were presented from the classics and already in fact before the avant-garde. At these festivals, the newest types of art were displayed, such as video activation, instrumental and musical theater, different performances. The dissemination of information on the achievements of Ukrainian and foreign artists in the field of modern music is facilitated by a series of concerts "New Music" (Kiev, Kharkov). Picture of development ukrainian music Supplement the copyright, anniversary concerts of composers, the solemn evenings, the device of which carry out the center of musical information of the Union of Composers of Ukraine and its regional offices.

One of the leading places in musical The process of the 80-90s occupies piano music. This is evidenced by the increase in the number of national and international piano competitions, as well as the dissemination of the practice of the premiere concert performance of the piano works of Ukrainian composers abroad (Austria, Germany, China, USA). Overall picture ukrainian music Enrich numerous contests and festivals of other genres of art, in particular, organ and chamber music, spiritual, choral, brave and jazz, opera, as well as popular modern songs and the like. These activities are expanding the sphere of communication between domestic and foreign composers, performers, teachers, contribute to the exchange of experience, replenish the geography of participants, affect communication with representatives of the mass media (press, radio, TV).

The multidirectionality and multi-vector artistic trends makes it possible to determine them as postmodern, where, on the one hand, the preservation, rethinking and updates of the achievements of the past are traced, and on the other, there is a refusal of traditional, intensive searches and experiments.

Ukrainian music The end of the twentieth century

Popular music and ukrainian rock music Brightly presented at such festivals "Chervon Ruta", "Seagull", "Tavria Games", and others. Intensively develops modern ukrainian rock music. Among the famous names - "Ocean Elzy", "BB", "TNMK", "Scriabin", "Dead Pivanese". Ukrainian rock festivals are held regularly and successfully.

About modern ukrainian music, about all its innovations and premieres, you can easily read on our website "". Open modern and independent ukrainian music!

Most of us love music, many admire and disassemble in it, another part of people has a musical education and mastered the ability to play musical instruments. However, the smallest percentage of talented representatives of the human race can compose melodies that are suitable through the century. Some of these people was born in Ukraine, in its picturesque corners. In the article, let's talk about the Ukrainian composers of the 20th century, and not only that Ukraine glorified to the whole world.

Valentin Silvestrov (1937)

The famous Ukrainian composer was born in 1937 and she lives in Kiev. The genius of musical art is famous for the whole world. We hear his music in the pictures:

• "Two in one";
• "Tuner";
• "Chekhov's motives";
• "Three stories."

Estonian colleague Theodore adorno considers him the most interesting of all composers of the modern world. In his work there are requiems, poems for the orchestra, symphony, and its "four songs on the poems of Mandelstam" know and appreciate all over the world. Experts consider the musical work unique in their simplicity.

Miroslav Skirik (1938)

A 77-year-old modern Ukrainian composer lived a hard life, but managed to preserve the power of the Spirit and the feeling of the beautiful, which his works are impregnated.

He wrote melodies to the legendary film "Shadow of forgotten ancestors", created a music cycle called "in the Carpathians". His Carpathian Rhapsody for the violin and the piano glorified him as one of the best Ukrainian composers of the 20th century to the whole world.

Miroslav's parents were intellectuals and received education in Vienna. Cocirch is a grandeten nephew of the Solomia Crushelnitsky, which is immensely proud of.

Nikolay Tolesa (1903-2006)

Ukrainian composer who was born in the city of Sambor Lviv region, lived to a hundred and two years! This man is striking with his versatility. In his youth, he graduated from Medical University in Krakow. On this, his education was not over, he enters the Faculty of Philosophy and Slavistics to the Higher Educational Institution in Prague. The wheels were also trained at the legendary Italian Marietta de Jelly, which is famous for the whole world with a pianist.

Whoever was Nikolai Philaretovich for his long life. He conducted in the Lviv Philharmonic and the Opera Theater. Under its authorship, a lot of methodological benefits came out. Nikolai Kolesa also wrote a melody to the picture "Ivan Franco".

Sergey Prokofiev (1891-1953)

He was a truly composer. The classic, on which his mother brought up, a talented pianist, influenced the filigree of his works. Mom began to train Sergey game on piano for another five years. The first operas are "Giant" and "on the desert islands" - he will write on nine years.

Sergey Prokofiev is famous for the whole world with its operations:

• "Tale of this person";
• "Love for three oranges";
• "War and Peace".

He also wrote music for the ballet "Tale of the Stone Flower", "Cinderella" and "Romeo and Juliet".

Nikolay Leontovich (1877-1921)

Little tools that did not have this Ukrainian composer: Piano, Violin, Brass Tools ... It can be called "Orchestra's Man" with confidence. In his youth, in the village of Chukow, where he lived with his family, he independently created a symphony orchestra.

Ukrainian caroldka thanks to this person sounded in many foreign films. It is the famous "Shchedrich", which worldwide knows as Carol The Bells. The melody has many arrangements, and it is rightfully considered to be a hymn of Christmas.

Ringold Glier (1874-1956)

He is a leaving from the Saxon submarine and Kiev resident in a passport. Gliere grew up in a musical environment. Men in his sign were engaged in the manufacture of musical instruments. Gliera's works are sounding worldwide. He is applied to Austria, Denmark, Germany, France, Greece. One of the music collections in Kiev is the name of this composer.

Nikolay Lysenko (1842-1912)

Lysenko was not only a composer, he also made a large lept into musical ethnography. In the collection of Nicholas Mass of folk songs, rites, carols. In addition to holding music, he was fond of pedagogy, believing that there was no one more important than children.

There was a period of teaching in the Kiev Institute of Noble Maiden in his life. 1904 was a badge for him - he opened his own musical and dramatic school.

Most of all Lysenko glorified his "children's hymn". Now he is known all over the world as "prayer for Ukraine." In addition, Nikolay occupied an active civil position and participated in public activities.

Mikhail Verbicky (1815-1870)

Verbitsky was a deeply believer man. Religion occupied a leading place in his life. He was the head of the choir in the seminary, composed musical works for worship services. In his creative heritage there are also romances. Verbicksky played a guitar perfectly and adored this tool. He created many works for strings.

Fame came to Verbicky after he wrote music to the hymn of Ukraine. Poems for the hymn composed Pavel Chubinsky. The exact date of writing the song "It is not attempting Ukraine" unknown. There is information that it was a period of 1862-1864.

For the first time, the future anthem sounded on March 10, 1865 in the city of Mozlyl. It was the first concert on the lands of Western Ukrainians dedicated to the work of Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko. Verbicksky himself at a concert consisted of choir, whose conductor was Anatoly Vakhnyanin. I liked the song to young people, and for a long time, many considered her folk.

Artemy Vedel (1767-1808)

Artemy except the composer gift had a wonderful high voice and sang in the choir. In the capital of Ukraine, he in 1790 became the head of the choir from the "Soldiers and Free People".

For eight years, he taught vocals in the Kharkov collegium, in addition to the head of church singers headed.

He created 29 choral concerts for the church. On speeches, he often deduced tenor solo. People's song provided on the works of Veller.

Dmitry Bortnian (1751-1825)

He received an excellent education child. Little Dmitry lucky. He graduated from the legendary Glukhov school. Dmitry had a truly wonderful voice. He had a wonderful conceant. His voice was surprisingly clean and looked out as a stream. Teachers loved and appreciated Brathy.

In 1758, he was sent with singers in Chapel of St. Petersburg. Mother crossed his son, gave him a modest knot with the provincial and kissed. More seven-year Dima has not seen his parents.

His talent allowed him to learn abroad. To comprehend the Azov of Music skills, he went to Venice, Naples, Rome.

Alas, but most of the secular works of Borttyansky did not live to the present day. They were kept in the archives of the St. Petersburg Pewing Chapel, which refused to put them on visiting the people. The archive was disbanded, and the works of the legendary author simply disappeared in an unknown direction.