The history of the creation of the cartoon "Cheburashka and Crocodile Gena. Who came up with Cheburashka? Portable meanings of the word "Cheburashka"

The famous image of Cheburashka is created by the artist-multiplier Leonid Schwartzman.

Origin

According to the preface to the book "Crocodile Gene and his friends", Cheburashka was called the former author in childhood defective toy, depicting a strange beast: not that bear, not that hare with big ears. His eyes were big and yellow, like Filin, the head is round, hare, and the tail is short and fluffy, such that happens usually in small bears. The parents of the boy argued that it was an unknown science of the Beast, who lives in hot rainforests. Therefore, in the main text, the heroes of which are approved, as stated, Children's toys Edward Assumption, Cheburashka really is an unknown tropical animal, who climbed into the box with oranges, fell asleep there and as a result, together with a drawer got into a big city. The director of the store, in which the box was discovered, called him "Cheburashka", as the crown of the oranges the animal constantly fell (Cheburavalya):

He sat, sat, looked around, and then he took and cheburaved from the table on the chair. But on the chair, he did not come around - Cheburaved again. On the floor.
- Fu you, Cheburashka what! - said the director of the store about him, - can not sit on the spot at all!
So our animal and learned that his name is Cheburashka ...

The story and plays about Cheburashka were written by Edward Asspensky (plays - together with Roman Kachanov):

"Crocodile Gena and his friends" (1966) - Tale
"Cheburashka and his friends" (1970) - Piece (together with R. Kachanov)
"Vacation of crocodile genes" (1974) - Piece (together with R. Kachanov)
"Business Crocodile Gene" (1992) - Tale (together with I. E. Agron)
"Crocodile Gena - Militia Lieutenant"
"Cheburashka goes to the people"
"Kidnapping Cheburashka"

Based on the book by the director Roman Kachanov, four cartoons were created:

"Crocodile Gena" (1969)
"Cheburashka" (1971)
"Shapoklyak" (1974)
"Cheburashka goes to school" (1983)

After the release of the first series of cartoons, Cheburashka became very popular in the USSR. Since then, Cheburashka is the hero of many Russian jokes. In 2001, Cheburashka acquired great popularity in Japan.

At the Summer Olympic Games of 2004, the Talisman of the Russian Olympic team was chosen in Athens. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, the symbol of the Russian national team Cheburashka changed clothes to the White Winter Fur. At the Summer Olympic Games of 2008 in Beijing Cheburashka "Delivered" in Red Fur.

In the 2010 Winter Olympics, Cheburashka-Talisman became the owner of blue fur.

In the 1990s and 2000s, disputes arise around the copyright to the image of Cheburashka. They concerned the use of the image of Cheburashka in various goods, the names of kindergartens, children's pop studios and clubs (which was common practice in Soviet times), as well as the authorship of the very image of Cheburashka, who, according to Eduard Assumption, is entirely belonging to him, while His opponents argue that today the characteristic image of Cheburashka with big ears has been created by Leonid Schwartzman. In the 1990s, Edward Uspensky also acquired the rights to the Cheburashka brand, used earlier in such products as candy and children's cosmetics. The use of the name has become the subject of the writer's dispute with the Red October Confectionery factory. In particular, in February 2008, the FSUE "Filmfound of the Soyuzmultfilm film studio" (the owner of the rights to the image) expressed the intention to refer compensation for the creators of the film "The Best Movie" for the use of the image of Cheburashka without permission.

The origin of the word "Cheburashka"

The version of the defective toy, set out in the introduction to his book, the Assumption rejects, as the studied specifically for children. In an interview with Nizhny Novgorod newspaper, Edward Uspensky says:

I came to visit a friend, and his little daughter tried in a fluffy fur coat, which was dragged on the floor,<…> The girl constantly fell, stamping about the fur coat. And after another fall, her father exclaimed: "Oh, again, cheburaved!" This word crashed into my memory, I asked his meaning. It turned out that "Cheburahrbing" means "fall". So the name of my hero appeared.

In the "Sensible Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" V. I. Dalya described as the word "Cheburahnaya" in the meaning of "fall", "fuck", "stretch" and the word "Cheburashka", defined by him in various dialects as "Bulletin , raised on the tail, "or as" Vanka-stand, a doll, who, like her, herself stands on his feet. " According to the etymological dictionary, Fasmery "Cheburakt" is formed from the words of Chubourk, Chapurok, Chebura - "Wooden ball at the end of Buretskaya Bacchev", Turkic origin. Another related word is "Chebyrka" - a fighter, at the end of which the ball on the hair.

The origin of the word "Cheburashka", in the sense of the toys-nevosha, described by Dahl, is due to the fact that many fishermen made such toys from wooden balls, which were floats for fishing networks, and also called Cheburashka.

I must say that this simple question (or rather, the answer to it) is not so unequivocal, as it will seem at first glance. A funny hero of literary works, cartoons, part-time being the official symbol of the Russian national team at the Olympic Games, began at one time a stumbling block at once a few litigation. About why this happened, and who actually came up with Cheburashka, let's try to tell in our article.

Literary Character

On the one hand, this is an image of the book. And he invented his writer Edward Uspensky. Yellow eyes (like Filin). Round big head (like a hare). The tail is fluffy and short (like a little bear). By the way, in the first releases of the book about Cheburashka and Crocodile, the gene, published before the advent of the famous cartoon in 1966, the animal looked differently. So his image saw two other artists Alferevsky and Kalinovsky. Briefly can be said: not like it at all!

Hero cartoon

The bright and unforgettable image of Cheburashka from the Soviet cartoon in 1969, created a multiplier artist Leonid Schwarzman (real name - Israel Aronovich Schwartzman). And after that, in all other cartoons about Cheburashka, it was this brilliant Soviet artist who created characters. So the right to a cartoon animal belongs to him.

Origin of name

According to Asspensky's fairy tale, an unknown animal during transportation, along with oranges, tormented "Cheburahnaya", that is, fall, simply speaking. Hence the name - Cheburashka. In the dictionary of the Dalya, the concept of "Cheburahnaya" is described as: "Crash", "stretch", "fall". And the word "Cheburashka" means: a pupa type of Vanka-stand, which, as it is neither throwing, becomes legs.

Delate brand

The lawsuits between the Assumption and Schwartzman began after the collapse of the USSR, in the nineties. Peak fell for 2004-2007. The artist paid attention to the fact that the image of Cheburashka in the first editions of books is significantly different from the cartoon hero drawn. And the difference is definitely present. Therefore, it is reasonable to talk about two different copyright characters: the hero of cartoon and literary hero.

Cheburashka is one of those animated characters, the sympathy for which we continue to experience, even being adults. We will not retell the work of the "crocodile gene and his friends" in detail (he is His hero), and find out the next moment: why Cheburashka called Cheburashka.

And who is the author?

There can be no discrepancies with the answer to this question: the character appeared from under the feather of the Soviet and Russian writer, the screenwriter, the author of Children's books Edward Uspensky. It happened in 1966. At the same time, another his work was published - "down the magic river". Uspensky became popular. To answer the question: "Why did Cheburashka named Cheburashka?" - We turn a little lower.

The Motherland of the Writer is the city of Egorievsk (Moscow region). At the end of the school, he entered the Moscow Aviation Institute. In the same period, his first literary works appear in print.

Today the Writer's residence is also the Moscow region. The works of the author continue to be printed in the Samovar publishing house. We hope that no difficulties with the answer to the question: "Who wrote Cheburashka?" - The readers of this material will not be.

The character himself became known after the screens came out the cartoon about the crocodile gene and his friends (1969).

The initial version of the book introduced readers with a clumsy, a non-frosted creature. Little ears, brown wool - so in general terms, its appearance was described. The emergence of a good-natured image of Cheburashka, who is distinguished by big ears and big eyes, we owe the director artist

By the way, in the period 1990-2000s, the writer had to participate in disputes relating to the authorship for this image. It was about its use in the names of various children's institutions, in various goods (it was common practice in the Soviet period).

We remembered who wrote Cheburashka. Next, we will deal with the transfer of the name name of the character.

Zvek from hot countries

There is a version that in the orphanage the future writer played with a soft toy, apparently not the best quality. She was a strange type: with big ears and as big eyes. To understand how precisely the detachment of the world she belongs to, did not work. Then the fantasy of the parents suggested the animal name - Cheburashka. The place of his stay chose hot countries. We have already led the same version why Cheburashka called Cheburashka.

Summer, girl, fur coat

The explanation of this title of the fictional hero leads to the Asspensky himself in one of his interviews. A small daughter grew in the family of familiar writer. One of the purchases, which parents decided to please her, was a little fur coat. There was a warm summer on the courtyard. Fitting the new clothes occurred at Edward Assumption. A girl dragged a big fur coat along the floor, it was inconvenient to go. After she once again stumbled and fell, the father said: "Cheburahved again!" Uspensky became interested in the meaning of an unusual word. A friend explained him the meaning of the word "Cheburahnaya." It means "fall".

You can learn about the origin of the word from the dictionary VI Dal. It also provides the importance that we have already led, and such as "rumble", "stretch." Also, the distance mentions the word "Cheburashka". Different dialects determine it as "Bulletin's brown strap, it is brought to the tail" or like a "Vanka-stand, doll, she rises to the feet herself, no matter how they threw it." The word has and portable interpretations.

Book option name

In order to figure out another option, why Cheburashka called Cheburashka, let's remember the story of the book itself. So, the beloved Kushan, an unknown science of the animal, who lived somewhere in the south, were oranges. In one of the hot days, he climbed into the box discovered on the shores with adored fruit. Room root and fell asleep. Next, the boarding box was in our country and was delivered to the store. After opening the box, instead of the expected fruits, the fastened shaggy creature appeared in front of the store director. Having no idea how to do with it, the director decided to plant the animal on the drawer. The animal could not resist and fell. The director escaped the phrase: "Fu you, Cheburashka what!" So the character has been fixed for the character.

Our story about Cheburashka comes to an end. I would like to add it some interesting facts.

To date, this hero and his friends have many monuments and sculptural compositions. You can meet them in such settlements like the village of Gaspra (Yalta, Crimea), Moscow region Ramenskoye, Khabarovsk city, city of Kremenchug, city of Dnipro.

Since 2003, Muscovites from 2003 annually in the August weekend spend a charitable campaign "Birthday of Cheburashka". She is aimed at helping orphans.

In Moscow, in kindergarten No. 2550 (Eastern Administrative District) in 2008, the opening of the Cheburashka Museum took place. It stores the printed machine. It was on it that the story of the beloved and children was created, and their parents of the character.

The writer who left us on August 14 called the birthday of all his beloved eared animal on August 20, 1966, the day when the book "Crocodile Gena and his friends" came out

It happened that Eduard Nikolaevich before the holiday Cheburashka. But, on the current tradition, the birthday will still be celebrated and of course, remember how Cheburashka "appeared on the light."

Unknown science view

As soon as they do not name our Cheburashka abroad! Dutten, MUXIS, PLUMS., Kulleriechen, TopPL, Kulvertuks... Where did his initial name come from? Edward Uspensky She told a pretty story that the little daughter of his friend fell constantly, coming to the edge of Mamina's fur coats, which was floating, playing.

When she risked once again, Dad said: "Oh. Again, cheburahved. " As the writer later recognized, Cheburahrgan - it means "fall", "bud", "rumble." The word was liked by the writer, and he applied him, inventing one of the most famous cartoon names.

But in the preface to Children's book, Assumption said that Cheburashka called one of his children's toys. The toy was defective and represented an ugly animal of an unknown science of the species. Yellow owl eyes, big ears, a little tail - nor a bear nor the hare, it is not clear who.

When the child asked who it was and where it lives, he was told a fairy tale that it lives in the tropical jungle, it feeds on oranges and his name is his Cheburashka.

Interestingly, in the 1965 issue of the release, Cheburashka is not at all similar to that we know the cartoon. And created all of us a familiar image Leonid Schwartzman.

The word "Cheburashka" is in the dictionary Daly. There, one of the meanings is a doll-nevashka that gets up "on his feet" from any position. But Cheburashka got a name when did it all on the contrary: as it was neither planted, he fell all the time, Cheburauhal, swaying with oranges and falling asleep. From the table on the chair, from the chair - on the floor.

Cheburashka walks on the planet

Especially loved by a funny animal in Japan. When Cheburashka appeared on Japanese televishes in 2001, the doll industry of the country survived the production boom. Cheburashka images were everywhere: on bags, bags, clothes, packaging with milk.

In the form of Cheburashka produced chocolate and served restaurant dishes. It turned out to be the fact that the figurines of Cheburashka put on the house "for good luck" on a par with traditional sculptures from Japanese mythology - dragons and kitsune.

In the new series "Cheburashka" Japanese crocodile Gena Reads Japanese baces and is considered to be a Russian intellectual. And in 2009, a whole series "What for Cheburashka?", Consisting of 26 three-minute episodes.

According to the sensible dictionary of Vladimir Daly, the word "Cheburashka" marked "the doll, the Vanka-stand, who he himself got up on his feet, as he was not thrown." The verbs "Cheburach" and "Cheburane" were used in the meaning "throw, throw, knock on the thunder, rumble, slap".

Thanks to the efforts of the artist, Leonid Aronovich Schwartzman, Cheburashka became one of the most favorite cartoon heroes of the USSR. "In the process of creating a film, the tail dropped. At the animated cheburashka eyes like a human child. He had big ears, framing around the lyrics. And, of course, there was no charm, which in the drawings there are no other artists," Schwarzman notes.

The word "Cheburashka" exists for quite a long time, and invented him, contrary to the appropriate opinion, not writer Edward Uspensky. In the "explanatory dictionary of the Living Great Russian", compiled by V.I. Dalem, it is reported that "Cheburashka is an old toy, doll, Vanka-stand, which, like a throw, still stands on his feet."

Another scientist - lexicographer S.I. Ohzhegov in his "Russian dictionary dictionary" cites two words used in the surprise - Chebrahcheut and cheburashch, close to the meaning "throw, fall or hit with noise."

It is known that in the old circus clown-acrobats called Cheburashi. In order to set the spectators, they cheburashaded in the arena, i.e. With a squeal, screams fell into sawdust and floundered in them, trying to know the public with laughter.