The history of the creation of "pictures from the exhibition" M. Mussorgsky
Today we will consider the work that M. P. Mussorgsky - "Old Castle". Initially, it was written for piano, but it was repeatedly arranged by composers for orchestral execution and was processed in various musical styles.
History
Let's start with how Musorgsky created his work. The "old castle" is a play that is part of the Suites "pictures from the exhibition." A series of musical "images" is devoted to the memory of a friend of the composer - artist and architect V. A. Gartman.
Mussorgsky, "Old Castle": Features of the composition
The work was created in 1874. The basis for the play was the watercolor Gatman with the architecture of Italy. The sketch of the picture is not preserved. The exhibited works were actively sold, the location of the inspiration cannon is unknown. The work of the Mussorgsky "Old Castle" describes the corresponding medieval structure. Trubadur sings before him. The composer manages to revive this character. To do this, it uses a thoughtful, smooth melody, sounding against the monotonous dimensional accompaniment. Such music causes a lyrical contemplative mood. Troubadour's song is filled with knightly medieval. Music reports the idea that the artist depicted through the paints.
Author
Mussorgsky, according to the reviews of contemporaries, is a wonderful pianist. He fascinated the listeners when he sat down for the tool. Through the sound, he knew how to recreate any picture. In this case of tool music, this composer composed relatively small. He is most attracted by opera. It was her who devoted most of the creative forces of Mussorgsky. The "old castle", however, refers to the number of its most famous works. He put an artistic task for creating a psychological portrait and penetrated his soul his characters.
MP Mussorgsky "pictures from the exhibition"
The piano creativity of Modest Musorgsky is impossible to imagine without the famous Cycle "Pictures from the exhibition". Bold, truly innovative musical solutions were implemented by a composer in this composition. Bright, satirical images, theatricality - this is what is characteristic of this cycle. Listen to works, find out interesting facts and the history of creation, as well as read the music annotations to each number in this article.
History of creation
Modest Mussorgsky was responsive by nature by a person, so people have stretched to him and tried to make a friendly relationship with him. One of the best friends of the composer was a talented artist and architect Viktor Gartman. They spent a lot of time for conversations, often met, discussing art. Death as close to the spirit of man led to the horror of the musician. After the tragic event Mussorgsky He recalled that at the last meeting did not pay attention to what terrible state was the health of the architect. He thought that such attacks in breathing were the consequences of active nervous activity, which is so characteristic of creative people.
A year after the death of Gartman, according to the will of Stasov, a huge exhibition was organized, which included the works of a talented wizard from watercolor to oil work. Of course, Modest Petrovich could not miss this event. The exhibition was successful. Artworks made a strongest impression on the composer, so he immediately began to work the work cycle. In that spring, 1874, the writer limited himself only to improvisation, but in the summer in just three weeks all miniatures were ready.
Interesting Facts
- Modest Mussorgsky wrote this cycle of works for piano, the most successful orchestration was able to create a famous composer Mauris Retail. The selection of Tembres fully corresponds to images. The premiere of the orchestrated version took place in the fall of 1922 in Paris. After the first execution, the forgotten "pictures from the exhibition" again gained popularity. Many worldwide conductors wanted to fulfill the cycle.
- During the life of the author, the cycle was never published. The first edition took place only five years after death.
- There are 19 orchestrations of this suite.
- Dwarf at the Hartmanna is a nutcracker on curved legs.
- About four hundred different exhibits were presented at the exhibition. Mussorgsky chose only a few brightest, in his opinion, paintings.
- Unfortunately, samples of the drawings, according to which the thumbnails were written were lost.
- Despite the fact that the inspiration of the work of Hartmanna, the cycle was devoted to Stasov, who had great help and assistance in the implementation of Mussorgsky plans.
- The editorial office of the first collection, published in the print belongs to ingenious Roman Corsakov. At the same time, as a teacher in the conservatory, the composer has tried pretty to correct all sorts of copyright "errors". So, the works have lost a lot, they lost innovation. Nevertheless, the circulation sold enough quickly. The second editorial office was under the leadership of Stasov, who did not change anything in manuscripts. The popularity of this publication did not meet the hopes of criticism, the pianists believed that they were too heavy for execution.
"Pictures from the exhibition" is a unique suite, woven from piano miniatures. The author helps the listener to feel like a visitor of the Gatman Exhibition. Pictures are changing one after another, combines the whole cycle "Walk". Despite the fact that Suite has a program, music draws enough free images and plots interconnected by the music material of the first number. Depending on the attitude of the author to the seen changing. Thus, the through-form of the work is traced, it is continuously developing. The alternation of the rooms is carried out according to a contrasting principle.
stroll. The first room seems to draw steps. The melody resembles a Russian folk song, not only a variable meter, but also its own latter and depth. The hero went to the exhibition hall. He approaches slowly, the belligence increases, leading to climax. In letters to Stasov, you can read that the author depicts himself, considering a variety of exhibits. Light, cleanliness and expanses are the sensations that music gives. As mentioned earlier, the theme of the walk will pierce the suite from beginning to end, constantly changing. The only thing that remains unchanged is the popular warehouse and magnifier.
"Walk" (Listen)
Gnome. Funny and at the same time touching room. A fantastic little ridiculous being, which characterize constant jumps, angular angles in the melody, also knows how to feel the world. Complaints of intonation show that the gnome is sad. This psychological portrait reveals the multifaceted image. Development of the image is rapid. After reaching the climax, the composer returns the topic "Walks", substantially abbreviated compared to the first option, it connects two numbers.
old lock. The lyrical hero is suitable for the next work of art with a watercolor drawing written in Italy. What he sees: an old medieval castle, which sings in love with a troubadour. The sad melody is pouring from the mouth of a young musician. Pensiveness, emotion and sadness permeate the music number. A constantly repeating bass allows you to reproduce the music of the Middle Ages, the topic varies, reminding living singing. The middle part is filled with light, which is replaced by gloomy shades. Everything gradually subsides, only the last phrase on Fortissimo destroys silence. A short walk to the next picture, it allows you to be able to cry into the tonality of the next number in C Major.
"Old Castle" (Listen)
Tuilry Sad.. The luxury garden near the Paris Palace of Tuileries is filled with light and joy. Little children frolic and rejoice in life in Nyanyushki. Rhythm fully corresponds to children's teases and belch. The product of polyphonic, two topics are carried out at the same time, one of them is a picture of children, and the other nannies.
Bydlo. A sharp Fortissimo begins a play, it is a strong contrast. Rides heavy wagon. The two-dollars meter emphasizes the simplicity and unquestion of the melody. Hear wheels of heavy wagon wheels, felling oxen and joyless peasant song. Gradually, music subsides, the cart went far, far away. The topic of the first number is entering, but it sounds in Minor. This conveys the mood of the lyrical hero, it is immersed in his own thoughts.
Ballet of unlucky chicks. The hero did not immediately drew attention to the next exhibit. Bright sketches to the ballet "Trillby". Easy and serene scherzo is written in a three-part form Da Capo. This is the dance of small canaars. Comicness and naivety literally permeate the number.
"Ballet of unheard of chicks" (listen)
Samuel Goldberg and Shmuel or two Jews are rich and poor. Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky especially admired two pictures at the exhibition. The figurative expressiveness manifested itself in this music number. A special flavor is created with the help of the Gypsy Gamma. The second topic is filled with plaintive intonations. In the future, the themes will be connected and sound together. In the plot, the poor Jew asks for help from the rich, but he does not agree. The last word is in the rich. For this room is characterized by polytonality.
"Two Jews are rich and poor" (listen)
The first part of the cycle is completed with a walk, which almost completely repeats the musical material of the first number.
Limoges. In a small town in France, the most revealed gossip groups gathered on the market. The rumble of conversations does not stop for a second. Around the spirit of fuss and fun. One of the most fun and cheerful numbers of suite. But the gaze of the lyrical character falls on another picture, the music breaks down and another number begins.
Catacombs. Everything seemed to be frozen, hopelessness and pain will master in this essay. The tonality of the SI Minor has always been a symbol of tragic predestination. Intonation complaints are horrified by what they saw. Tonal instability determines the dramaticness of the suite number. The composer as if he wants to convey the irreplaceable feeling of loss, which arose after the death of a talented artist Gatman. It sounds the continuation of this room "with the dead in the dead language." The bottom of the walk is based on the topic, which sounds slowly and tragic. The feeling of grief is transmitted by dissony harmonies. Tremolo in high registers creates an atmosphere of tension. Gradually, the modulation in Major, which means that a person was measured with his fate-hated fate.
Presentation "Old Castle" grade 4.
Story about creating a work.
Concepts: Suite, Vintage Music, Messenter, Troubadour.
Music inserts: the old music of the troubadurov, the play of the Mussorgsky "Old Castle".
View the contents of the document
"Presentation" Old Castle ""
M.P.Morusorgsky
Presentation to the lesson in the 4th grade
Performed: Greeneva L.V. music teacher
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky
1839-1881
Russian composer, brilliant master of musical characteristics.
V.A. Gatman
In February 1874, a posthumous exhibition of works by the Russian artist-architect Viktor Alexandrovich Gartman opened in St. Petersburg.
There were a wide variety of works: paintings, drawings, sketches of theater costumes, architectural projects, layouts, even masterfully completed toys.
In everything he felt a big talent of the artist.
The play is based on the Watercolor Gatman, drawn when he studied architecture in Italy.
The picture depicted an old castle, against which the trumpetur was drawn.
Mussorgsky sounds a beautiful broken melancholic melody.
MINSTREL - in the Middle Ages, the poet musician, Troubadur.
Troubadour - in the Middle Ages in Provence (in the south of France): the wandering poet singer. Trubadura melted beauty;
Suite – the musical composition, which refers to the genre of instrumental music.
Word "suite" translated from French literally - sequence or alternation.
Suite - This is a multitude of a cycle consisting of several plays, different among themselves by nature, but connected by the general artistic thought.
Vintage music
Old musical art is an immense layer of world culture.
This concept covers 12 centuries Since the time of falling the Western Roman Empire (end V c.) And ending with the onset of the era of classicism (mid-XVIII century).
Homework:
Sochini story for a music picture M.Morusorgsky "Old Castle"
Suite pictures from the exhibition was written by Modest Mussorgsky in 1874 as a tribute to friendship with an artist and architect Viktor Gartman (he died without reaching forty years). It was the posthumous exhibition of a friend's paintings and gave the Mussorgsky idea to create a composition.
This cycle can be called a suite - by the selection of ten independent plays, united by a common idea. As every play is a music picture, which reflected the impression of the Mussorgsky, inspired by one or another picture of Gatman.
Here and bright household pictures, and the sketches of human characters, and landscapes, and images of Russian fairy tales, epic. Separate miniatures contrast each in content and by expressive means.
The cycle begins the play "Walk", which personifies the stance of the composer itself along the gallery from the picture to the picture, so this topic is repeated in the intervals between the descriptions of the paintings.
The work consists of ten parts each of which transmits an image of some picture.
Up.Svyostoslav Richter.
Walk 00:00
I. Gnome 01:06
Walk 03:29
II. Medieval castle 04:14
Walk 08:39
III.Tyilsky Garden 09:01
IV. Cattle 09:58.
Walk 12:07.
V. Ballet of unheard of chicks 12:36
Vi. Two Jews, rich and poor 13:52
Walk 15:33
VII. Limoges. Market 16:36.
VIII. Catacombs. Rimskaya Tomb 17:55
IX. Hut on Courish Legs 22:04
X. Bogatyr doors. In the capital city of Kiev 25:02
The first picture is "Gnome". The figure of Gatmana depicted nippers for nuts in the form of clumsy gnome. Musicorgsky gives in his music a gnome features of a human character, while maintaining the appearance of a fabulous and bizarre creature. In this small play, a deep suffering is heard, in it captured and an angular flow of the sullen gnome.
In the next picture - "Old Castle" - the composer handed over the night landscape and quiet chords that create a ghostly and mysterious flavor. Calm, enchanted mood. Against the background of the tonic authority, the sad melody of the Trubadura depicted on the picture of Gatman. The song is replaced
The third picture is "Tullery Garden" - sharply contrasts the previous plays. She depicts playing children in one of Paris parks. Everyone is joyful and sunny in this music. Fast pace, bizarre accents pass the revival and fun children's game against the background of the summer day.
The fourth picture is called "cattle." The figure of Hartmanna shows the peasant wagon on high wheels, hardened by two dull oxen. In music hears how tiredly, the wheels are stealing, slowly with the creak is dragging the wagon. 
And again the nature of the music changes sharply: Zadorno and Mispoto, the nepoupe sounds dissonances in a high register, alternating with chords, and everything is in a rapid pace. The figure of Hartman was a sketch of costumes to the "Trillby" ballet. It depicts young students of a ballet school that performs a characteristic dance. Dressed with chips, they were not completely freed from the shell. Hence the funny name of the miniatures "ballet of unheard of chicks." 
Piece "Two Jews" depicts a rich conversation with the poor man. The principle of Mussorgsky was embodied here: to express the character of a person as it as accurately in music through speech intonations. And although there is no vocal party in this song, there are no words, in the sounds of the piano unmistakably you can hear the rude, the apparent voice of the rich and timid, downward, asking the voice of the poor man. For the speech of rich, Mussorgsky found power intonations, the decisive character of which is intensified due to the low register. Deeply contrasting the poor man's speech - quiet, trembling, intermittent, in a high register.
In the picture "Limoges Market" draws a motley market crowd. The music is well transmitted by a composer in a composer, croutons, lumps and festive sustain southern bazaar. 
Miniature "Catacombs" is written in the figure of the Gatman "Roman catacombs". Chords sound, the quiet and remote, as if lost in the depths of the echo labyrinth, then sharp clear, as a sudden ringing of the fallen drop, the sinister cry of owls ... Listening to these long-stretching chords, it is easy to imagine cold dusk mysterious dungeon, unclear light light, glare on raw Walls, alarming, vague premonition. 
The next picture is the "hut on the bitter legs" - draws a fabulous image of Baba-Yaga. The artist depicts a clock in the form of a fabulous hut. Mussorgsky rethought the image. Not a beautiful toy hut is embodied in his music, but her mistress, Baba Yaga. She whistled, and rushed in his stupa to all the hells of the dog, chase them with a lady. From the play and itifies the epic wretch, the Russian loose. Not a gift, the main theme of this picture echoes music from the scene under the chims in the opera Boris Godunov. 
Even greater relationship with Russian folk music, with the images of the epics felt in the last picture - "Bogatyr Gate". Mussorgsky wrote this play under the impression of the architectural sketch of the Gatman "City Gate in Kiev". Intonation and your harmonic music is close to Russian folk songs. The character of the play is the magnifier-calm and solemn. Thus, the last picture, symbolizing the power of the native people, naturally completes the whole cycle.
***
The fate of this piano cycle is very curious.
On the manuscript "pictures" there is an inscription "To the print. Mussorgsky. July 26, 74. Petrograd, but during the lifetime of the composer "pictures" were not published and not fulfilled, although they received approval in the "mighty coup" medium. They were published only five years after the death of the composer V. Bessel in 1886, in the editorial office of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. 
Cover of the first edition of the "pictures from the exhibition"
Since the latter was confident that Mussorgsky's notes contain mistakes and omissions that need to be corrected, then this publication did not quite accurately complied with the author's manuscript, it had a certain number of editorial "brilliance". The circulation was separated, and in a year the second edition came out, already with the preface of Stasov. However, the work did not receive broadly fame, the pianists had disappeared from him for a long time, not finding "the usual" virtuosity in it and considering it non-concert and nefortepian. Soon M. M. Tuschmalov (1861-1896) with the participation of Roman-Korsakov orchestrated the main parts of the "pictures", the orchestral version was published, the premiere took place on November 30, 1891, and in this form they were quite often performed in St. Petersburg and Pavlovsk, and the final Performed by the orchestra and as a separate play. In 1900, there was an arrangement for piano in four hands, in February 1903 the cycle for the first time performed in Moscow a young pianist G. N. Beklemishev, in 1905 "pictures" sounded in Paris at the lecture M. Calvokoressi about Mussorgsky.
But the recognition of the general public came only after Maurice Romans, according to the same editorial office, Kororsakov created his famous orchestration in 1922, and in 1930 her first gramography was published.
However, the cycle was written precisely for piano!
With all the colorfulness of the orchestration Ravel, he still lost those deeply Russian features of Mussorgsky's music, which are heard in the piano execution.
And only in 1931, in the fiftieth anniversary of the composer's death, "pictures from the exhibition" were released in accordance with the author's manuscript in the Academic Edition of Muzhizis, and then they became an integral part of the repertoire of Soviet pianists.
Since then, two traditions of the piano execution "pictures" coexist. Among the supporters of the original author's version are such pianists as Svyatoslav Richter (see) and Vladimir Ashkenazi.
Others, such as, for example, Vladimir Horowitz in their records and speeches of the mid-20th century, tried to reproduce the orchestral embodiment of the "pictures" on the piano, that is, to make an "reverse arrangement" of Ravel.
Piano: Vladimir Gorustitz.Pregation: 1951
(00:00) 1. PROMENADE
(01:21) 2. The Gnome
(03:41) 3. PROMENADE
(04:31) 4. The Old Castle
(08:19) 5. PROMENADE
(08:49) 6. The Tuileries
(09:58) 7. BYDLO
(12:32) 8. PROMENADE
(13:14) 9. Ballet of unhartched Chicks
(14:26) 10. SAMUEL GOLDENBERG AND SCHMULE
(16:44) 11. The Marketplace at Limogers
(18:02) 12. The Catacombs
(19:18) 13. Cum Mortuis in Lingua Mortua
(21:39) 14. The Hut On Fowl "S Legs (Baba-Yaga)
(24:56) 15. The Great Gate Of Kiev
***
Pictures from the exhibition with sand animation.
Rock version pictures from the exhibition.
Vasily Kandinsky. Synthesis of arts.
The step of Kandinsky on the way to the embodiment of the idea of \u200b\u200b"monumental art" was the production of "pictures from the exhibition" Modest Mussorgsky "with its own decorations and with heroes - light, color and geometric shapes.
It was the first and only time when he agreed to work on the finished partition, which was an explicit testimony of his deepest interest.
The premiere of April 4, 1928 at the Frederick Theater in Dessau had a loud success. Music was performed on the piano. The production was very cumbersome, because I meant constantly moving scenery and changing hall coverage, regarding which Kandinsky left the detailed instructions. For example, in one of them it was said that a black background was required, on which the "bottomless depths" of the black should turn into violet, while darcks (risostats) did not exist.
"Pictures from the exhibition" Modest Mussorgsky repeatedly inspired artists to create a moving video. In 1963, the balletmaster Fedor Lopukhov was put ballet "Pictures from the exhibition" at the Music Theater of Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko. In the USA, Japan, France, the USSR were created talented cartoons on the themes of "pictures from the exhibition".
Nowadays, we can plunge into the "synthesis of arts", hitting the concert of the French pianist Mikhail Rudya. In his famous project "Modest Mussorgsky / Vasily Kandinsky. "Pictures from the exhibition" he connected the music of the Russian composer with abstract animation and video based on watercolors and instructions of Kandinsky.
Computer capabilities inspire artists to create 2D and 3D animations. Another of the most interesting experiences of creating a "moving" paintings by Vasily Kandinsky.
***
text from many sources
Piano cycle M.P. The Mussorgsky "Pictures from the exhibition" is an original, who has no analogues a musical work, which is included in the repertoire of the most famous pianists around the world.
History of creating cycle
In 1873, the artist V. Gartman suddenly died. He was only 39 years old, death found him in the heyday of years and talent, and for Mussorgsky, who was another and like-minded artist, she was a real shock. "What a horror is that for grief! He wrote V. Stasov. - This talentless fool death mows, not arguing ... "
Let's say a few words about the artist V.A. Gatmanne, because Without a story about him, the narrative of the piano cycle M. Musorgsky cannot be complete.
Victor Alexandrovich Gartman (1834-1873)
V.A. Gatman
V.A. Gartman was born in St. Petersburg in the family of French headquarters. Early orphaned and brought up in the family aunt, the husband of which was a famous architect - A. P. Gemilian.
Gartman successfully graduated from the Academy of Arts and worked in various types and genres of art: he was an architect, a scenery (dealt with performances), an artist and an ornamentist, one of the founders of the pseudorussian style in architecture. Pseudorussian style is a flow in the Russian architecture of the XIX - early XX centuries, based on the traditions of the ancient Russian architecture and folk art, as well as the elements of the Byzantine architecture.
Increased interest in folk culture, in particular, to the peasant architecture of the XVI -XVII centuries. Among the most famous buildings of the pseudorous style were the Typography of Mamontov in Moscow, created by V. Gartman.
The building of the former typography of Mamontov. Modern photography
It is the desire in creativity to the Russian identity and brought the Gatman with the participants of the "mighty bunch", which included Mussorgsky. Gartman sought to introduce Russian folk motives into his projects, which was supported by V. V. Stasov. In his house, Mussorgsky and Hartman met in 1870, becoming friends and like-minded people.
Returning from the creative trip to Europe, Gartman began to design the All-Russian manufactory exhibition in St. Petersburg and received in 1870 for this work the title of academician.
Exhibition
The posthumous exhibition of works by V. Gartman was organized in 1874 at the initiative of Stasov. It featured the works of the artist with oil, sketches, watercolors, sketches of theater decorations and costumes, architectural projects. There were at the exhibition and some products that Gatman made her own hands: the watches in the form of a hut, tongs for splitting nuts and others.
Litography on the sketch of the Gatman
Mussorgsky visited the exhibition, she made a huge impression on him. The idea appeared to write software piano suite, the content of which would be the artist's works.
Of course, such a mighty talent as Mussorgsky interprets exhibits of the exhibition in their own way. For example, a sketch of the Ballet "Trillby" depicts the Gartman of the tiny chicks in shells. In Mussorgsky, this sketch turns into "ballet of unlucky chicks". The hut clock was inspired by the composer on the music drawing of Baba Yagi flight, etc.
Piano cycle M. Mussorgsky "Pictures from the exhibition"
The cycle was created very quickly: in three weeks of summer, 1874, the work is devoted to V. Stasov.
In the same year, "pictures" received the author's subtitle "Memories of Victor Gartman" and were prepared for the press, but published only in 1876, after the death of Mussorgsky. But a few more years have passed, while this original work entered the repertoire of pianists.
It is characteristic that in the play "Walk", which binds individual plays of the cycle, the composer meant himself, walking around the exhibition and turning from the picture to the picture. Mussorgsky in this cycle created a psychological portrait, penetrated into the depths of his characters, which was not, of course, in ordinary sketches of Gatman.
So, "Walk". But this play constantly varies, showing the change in the mood of the author, changes its tonality, which is a kind of preparation for the next play. Sometimes the "walk" melody sounds heavy, which indicates a gait of the author.
"Gnome"
This play is written in the tonality of the Mi-Fleol Minor. Its base is a sketch of the Hartmanna with the nippers for rings ("Nutcracker") in the form of a gnome on curved legs. First, the gnome stealing, and then moves away from place in place and freezes. The middle part of the play shows the reflection of the character (or his rest), and then he, as if frightened something, again begins his running with stops. Culmination is a chromatic line and care.
"Old lock"
The tonality of salt-dyz minor. The play was created on the Watercolor Gatman, created by him during the study of architecture in Italy. The picture depicted an ancient castle, against the background of which the tuber with a lute was drawn. Mussorgsky has created a beautiful lengthy melody.
« Tuilder garden. Children's quarrel after the game»
The tonality of C major. Intonation, the tempo of music, its major field paint the household scene of the game and the quarrels of children.
"Bydło" (translated from Polish - "Cattle")
The play depicts the Polish cart on large wheels, harnessed by oxen. The heavy step of these animals is transmitted by monotonous rhythm and ribbon shocks of the lower register keys. At the same time he sounds like peasant entanglements.
"Ballet of unheard of chicks"
This is one of the most popular plays cycles. It was created in the tronality of F Major according to the sketches of the Gatman to the costumes for the ballet Y. Gerbera "Trillby" in the statement of Petipa in the Bolshoi Theater (1871). In the episode of the ballet, as V. Stasov wrote, "A group of small pupils and pupils of theatrical school, dressed in Canaries and vividly running around the scene. Other were inserted into the eggs, as if in the lats. " In total, the headman was created for ballet 17 suits sketches, 4 of them were preserved to this day.
V. Gartman. Sketch of costumes to the ballet "Trillby"
The topic of the play is non-test, the melody is jellis, but, created in classical form, it gets an additional comic effect.
"Samuel Goldenberg and Shmuel", in the Russian version "Two Jews, Rich and Poor"
The play was created on the basis of the two drawings presented by the Mussorgian chickness: "Jew in the fur hat. Sandomiir "and" Sandomiro [Jew ", created in 1868 in Poland. According to the memoirs of Stasov, "Mussorgsky strongly admired the expressiveness of these pictures." These drawings and served as the prototypes of the play. The composer not only combined the two portrait into one, but also forced these characters to talk among themselves, revealing his characters. The speech of the first sounds confidently, with imperative and moral intonations. The speech of the poor Jew is contrasting the first: on the upper notes with a rattling tint (formslags), with complaints and effortful intonations. Then, both themes sound simultaneously in two different tones (re-Bar Mindor and Si-Barleol Minor). The play ends with several loud notes into the octave, it can be assumed that the last word remained behind the rich.
"Limoges. Market. Big news "
The figure of Gatman has not been preserved, but the melody of the play in the Mi-Flat Major passes a noisy bustle of the market, where you can find out all the latest news and discuss them.
« Catacombs. Roman tomb»
Gartman depicted himself, V. A. Kenel (Russian architect) and conductor with a lantern in hand in Roman catacombs in Paris. In the right side of the picture, a weakly lit light skull is visible.
V. Gartman "Paris Catacombs"
The dungeon with the tomb is depicted in music with the relevant theme unused in two octaves and a quiet "echo". Melody appears among these chords as the shadow of the past.
"Hut on Courish Legs (Baba Yaga)"
Gartman has a sketch of graceful bronze clocks. Musorgsky has a bright, memorable image of Baba Yaga. It is drawn by dissonances. Initially, there are several chords, then they are rapidly imitating "running" - and flight in a step. Sound "painting" very brightly depicts the image of Baba Yaga, her lame gait (still "bone leg").
"Bogatyr Gate"
The play is based on the sketch of Gatman to the architectural project of the Kiev City Gate. 4 (according to the old style) April 1866, an unsuccessful attempt was made on Alexander II, which in the future began to officially call the "event on April 4". In honor of the rescue of the emperor, a competition of gate projects in Kiev was organized. The Hartman project was created in ancient Russian style: chapter with a belfry in the form of a heroic helmet and decoration above the goal in the form of Kokoshnik. But subsequently the competition was canceled, and projects were not implemented.
V. Gartman. Sketch for the project of the gate in Kiev
Piez Mussorgsky draws a picture of a folk celebration. Slow rhythm gives the play of greatness and solemnity. A wide Russian melody is replaced by a quiet theme resembling church singing. Then the first topic enters with a new force, another voice is added to it, and in the second part there is a real bell tall, created by the sounds of piano. First, the ringing is heard in Minor, and then goes into major. Bells are joined to the Big Bell, the bells are smaller and less, and the little bells sound at the end.
Orchestration cycle M. Mussorgsky
Bright and picturesque "pictures from the exhibition", written for the piano, were repeatedly shifted for a symphony orchestra. The first orchestration was made by the student of the Roman-korsakov M. Tuschmalov. Rimsky-Korsakov himself also made an orchestration of one play cycle - "Old Castle". But the most famous orchestral embodiment of the "pictures" was the work of Maurice Ravel, a passionate fan of Mussorgsky's creativity. Established in 1922 orchestration Ravel became as popular as the author's piano version.
The orchestra in the orchestrated arrangement of Ravel includes 3 flutes, flute-piccolo, 3 bouse, English horn, 2 clarinet, bass clarinet, 2 lads, counterpart, saxophone-alto, 4 French horn, 3 pipes, 3 trombone, tube, litales, Triangle, small drum, beach, ratchet, plates, big drum, tamam, bells, bell, xylophone, chest, 2 harp, string.